COLUMBIA DEMOCRAT 1 .'I AND BLOOMSBURG GENERAL ADVERTISER. 1 LEVI lu TATE, Editor. TEItiTIS: 83,00 PER AXNVVL TO trnT.Tk nm mr, . " iU,j TORCH OF TRUTH AND WAVE IT O'ER THE DARKENED EARTH." VOL. 16. NO. 41. COLUMBIA DEMOCRAT, PUIUjISHED EVERY SATURDAY, BY "jEVI L. TATE, IN BLOOMSBURO, COLUMBIA COUNTY, PA. 0 F FK) E Ci the new Tlritk BuiltHnr, opposite the V.ithange, by Mi uflht Court Home. "DcmotrMt Jttai Hnarttrl," TERMS OP SUllKCRirTION. $1 ni) In ndvanrc, fur one doiy, fiir six montlii. f, 5i, In nilvntif e, for ono top, riile yenr. roll Knugnlil Within the- lint tlireo inbHthi. t r. .... ...ilt.t.. ..... A- - i . II uvl i'ntil Wtlitp.llvu rtrrt six mouths. nv- Vo cnlnrrlpllnii "ikeii for CS (liarfri i Minoiiaiier1i.poiilliiuoauiiti.,, arrearages ill mnntiiit. siail lne ADvmriislriT InsertiM ftm.plruniKlynt one'5"" n'r 'iinrOinf W linen carli.for tin- thti.'Hf't iiuerlloiu tin.) ttvcntv-llvu cr-nti, per 8' iiire. for every' ubjciucnt insertion, until onli-rcil di ontiioiQil. Jim VVonii. oOvery ilrai-rlptloii, neatly and clionply ciccutcd at tlio hortut notice. Choice Poetry. nv WILLIAM W. UIUNDY. Pilp on the wood, ronm- up the cheerful Maze, Tor now In rouic Dcci'inli'V- cltillln't flays ; U'lnti" Is pipini! Hhrill hl fro7. n Mn"t, A'nl .1 1 ft now nr 1 f tUini! liiii k nml fast. . t , Tiii i" . 'i.tli '1: w inter hrcczc ,11 ui'ii h iiiimij ilie I mi ' j trees ; i.n I1.1t. ' -.n- I llt.tr buMilirH .1 . uru- (ViujiIi .1 in II c iiitiw. Ilmv . li u .-oiiR-l. r in. :mi vc, . - .(.i inn,' iit . . . ..cli we love, il 11 .1"- il li.iii 1 1 ' ii'n. , , t.ir in tlii-ir -out li rn home. .11 M 'ii - n'j Hi- ilieirful flr 11 r,i. iw.ik- th turn fill lyre; . ro vih your li nit -I ami your store, n tii i "r tto oniply fr-uii ymtr iloor.' Literary Companion. SocojuI A m ei 53a! Message OF PRESIDENT of the UNITED STATEG. Fellow citizens nf the Senate and Home of ltenresentttlivtx : Si net your liit anntiiil maemblirii;. uiin'lier ritr nf lifttllli and bountiful linrve-t bit- in I wliilo it i lilcss us III! Hut li'PIl u t t'P t" i the 1 but presj gives us, titito and ,' .r ';n affairs ' last year .lm'f !i 1, . . 1. .'ijiiiii)iiiuu 1 . ir v . a r n 1 ' . . 1.1 1 lo by tbo IImuho'i) !"' " ' 11 " close nf h "t t ' i'"- I' 'be cundi- It' i) tif 1 tit- n liviiiii "I'll titbi'f nntintis is gr.itifviiu; tiian it bu UMiiilly been st f TtiiPr ppvi'i'i. it is cirttiinly in no eutiffatf turv than a mttiun i" iinbnppily distracted vo aro might loi'imnlily bavo apprc licnded. In the innnth nf .lime Iitt there were H111110 Rroumli to expect that tho maritimo p werti wbiidi, tit tli liecitinin of our do ini'Stio diffii'iiliip.', t-n utivi.cly and uiiupccs sarily, at tp il ink, recnni..)d the infiur ppi.ts if n bflijjereni ii'i'V'r. wuuld siiun ro r;i"lo frmii that poitin. vrUeh ban pioveil imly Ip- injinioux to tbem-t'h "- tbun to our ,w n poiimrv But tlio tcnipir.irv rPM'ropn wbi'-h nffpr MMtil WA il"- National arms. nrd which ui'io q i 'ip-u'i'il l'V 011 r own ilifl'iyal citl-xi-tiH ill r ..il. Iniv liitliert'i iM'iV'l that act of vimplp jiiitii'.'. Tm r'v.l nf which litis mi railtciilv fltui'Ri' i, I 'r 'be in 'inent, tbo m'cnpitiinn ami I" l-it- the Aimri.Mti peo ple, liu tipfe-'iiiilv di-ti.tiii'il tb-' s ii'iul enn ditiiiu utnl pffpetrii verv Jn-plv tha proa 1'prity nl' t uutiiitis with whii-li we havo carried nn a c. tniiiPri'H that Im bei-i fteadi lv increiihi'it; for iliol i-t half a i-etitury. It ha at the mine lime cxi-ited political anihitiniH and apprcheii'inns wliieli havo produced a prnfound itiitatinn throngout the civilized world. In this unusual ns'iU tinn w havn forbornti from taking part in any controvorsv between foreign States, und bolwecn partios or factions in Mich States. We have attempted no propagandism, and nnknowleded no icvitlutinn ; but wo havo luft to every nation the exclusive conduct and management of its own affairs. Our i-lrugio has been, of course, contrm plated by fnieign nations with refferanee ts to its own merits than to its mppi'fcd and often exagnerntod effects and consequences resulting to those nations themselves. Nev ertheless, complaint on the part of this (Invernment, oven if it wcio just, would cer tainly be unviisp. Tho treaty with Groat liritnin for tho snp predion of the slave trade has been put into operation with a goon pro-peer iuccess It is an i'ceaion f -urp to acknowledge tbnt t' r on th 1 art nf h' M .'' Il OIIUipiRlU . . . . 1 1' 'nil ideas i'1'iiti. 0 1 f it, (. , 'jnt, 1 1 r for v,i.' : tho as . in. in ii keu it'u y ..' n-. 1 , , ! .. . Dm'.' ! 1 . ir ni' tai ui.'l ! j'"i '' r. ' , ,1 .1 it!i llun ii'. I M.i.it duos, h..s I)"'' un tvr tut ttut nf ("1 1 1. ah- 1 1 vied tM for ' lU ,F ,. - Ml ) 1 1 M TUK lll.nt'lCAUE 1 , 1 p. in 11 -and nit if - "T sou 0l , , .-i, ..i'shed ai'O 'igiirnis- ly enforced in a season of a groat commercial lie-iv .ill- Hi" pre-ont. without commit inu' or. nionul mistakes and inflicting unin tentional injurios upon foriegn nations and their subjects. A civil wnr occurring in a coun try where foreigners reside and carry on trado under treaty stipulations is neces sarily fruitful of complaints of tlio vio lation of neutral rights, All Mich collisions tend to excito misap prehensions and poosibly to prnduco mutual reclamations botwoen nations which have com mnn intorest in preserving peaco and friend ship. In clear casos of theso kind, I have, as fur as powlble, heard and redressed eom plainte which have been presented by friend ly powors. There is still, bowerc, a lar.e sm t ing number of doubifiil etn-e. m 'vi.i. li the Government is nimble to nf-'ui) wul. too Governments whoi-o proteelio-i 1- duu;an Wd hy tho claimants, There aro.iuoieovor, many oases 111 wb oh tho United States or their citlssens snirer wrongs from the naval or military author! BLOOMS osonoreignnatlons.whioh tho Governments those Mates aro not nt onco prepatod to re tires. I lmyo proposed to somo of tlio for eign States thus mtorcstod mutual conven . , iv Lino uvuil Klliuiv recoived, tut has not jot been formally I deem it my duty to recomond an appro UrinUon tn bohalf of tlio owners of tho Nor wegian barqo Admiral P. Tordcnskohl, Vflucli vcesol was, in May 18G1, prorentcd b7'bo Commander of tto blockading force o.F Charleston from leaving that port with a cargo, nottvithstanding a similar privilcco llOU S iarllv hcfiiro linen n.n.i,.l . ' i 1 " hiiiumu iu 1111 ing- 1 lish vessel. 1 have directed the Secretary I of state ii "auso the papers in tho case to bo communicated to tho uropcr committees. AriUCAN coi.o.NiziTto.V, Applications havo boon mado to md by many free Americans of African descent iO favt)r their emigration, with a view to such solonization ns was contcmplatod in tho ro cont acts of Congress. Oilier parties, at homo and abroad somo from interested motives, others upon patriotic considerations and still others influenced by philanthropic sentiments havo suggested similar meas ures : While. On tltn Otlior liniul. nnnm-al nPll.n Spanish American llepublics havo protested against tho sending of such colonies to their rerpoctivo territories, Under these circumstances, I havo do cljncd to move any such colony to any Stato without first obtuiniug the consent of its Government, with an agreement on its part to roccivo and protect such emigrants in all tho rights of froemen ; und I have, at the same time, offored to tho several States sit uated within the tronics, or having colonies there, to negociato with them, subject to the ndvico and consont of the Sonato, to favor the voluntary; emigration of persons of that class to their respective territories, upon conditions which shall ba equal' just and huinano. Liberia and llayti aro, as yet, the only countries to which colonists of African do scent from hero could go with cortainty of being received and adopted as citizons, and I regret to say that such persons ns contem plate colonization do not seem as willing ta migrnto to theso countries ns to somo others nor so willing, ns I think their interests de mands. I bcliove, however, tho opinion among them in this respect Sb improving and tlu.tcre long thcro will bo an augment ed and considerable migration to both theso countries from the United States. OUR RELATIONS WITH THE WORLD. Tho new commercial treaty between tho United States and the sultan of Turkey has been carried into execution. A commer cial and consular treaty has been ncgooiat od, ojbject to the Senato's consent, with Liberia, and a similar negotiation is now pending with tho Republic of Hayti. A considerable improvemntof tho national com merce is expected to result from theso meas tires. Our relations with Great Britain, Franco, Spain, Portugal, llussia, Prussia, Denmark, Sweden, Austria, the Netherlands, Italy, Homo and the otlior European States, re main undisturbed. Very favorable relations also coutinuo to bo maintained with Turkey, Morocco, China aud Japan. During tho last year there has not only been 110 cliango of onr previous relations with tho independent Stntes of our own con tinent, but more friendly sentiments than have heretofore existed nro believed to be entertained by those neighbors, whoso safoty and progress aro so intimately connected with our own. This statement especially applies to Mexico, Nicaragua, Costa Jlica. Honduras" Peru and Chili. Tho commission under tho convention with tho republic of Now Grenada closed its session without having audited und pass ed upon all the claims ivliioli were submit ted to it. A proposition is pending to re vive tho convention, that it may bo able to do more complete justice. Tho joint commission between tho Unitod States nnd the republio of Costa Jlica has completed its labors and submitted its re port. I have favored tho prrject for conneoting the United States with Europe by an Atlan tic telegraph, and a similar project to ex tond the telegraph from San Francisco to connect by a Pacific telegraph with tho line which is being oxtoudod across the Russian Empiro. DEVELOPMENT OF THE TERRITORIES. Tho territories of tho Unitod States, with unimportant exceptions, havo remained un disturbed by the civil war, and thoy aro exhibiting such ovidonco of prosperity as iuptifios an oxnuctation that somo of them will soon bo in a condition to be organized ns States, and be constitutionally admitted into the Federal Union. Tho immenso mineral resources of some of theso territories ought tr be developed as rapidly na possible Every step in that di rection would havo a tendoncy to improvo the revonues of tho government, and dimin ish the burdens of the people. It is worthy of your sorious consideration whether somo extraordinary measures to promote that ona cannot bo adopted. The moans which suggests itself as most likely (n be effective is n scientific explora tion of tho mineral regions in those territo ries, with a view to tbo publication of its result at home aud in foroigu couijtries a result which cannot fail to bo auspicious. CONDITION OF OUR TINANCES. The condition of the finances will claim your most diligont consideration. The vast expenditures incident to tho military and naval operations required for the suppres sion of tho Rebellion, havo hitherto boen met with a promptitude and certainly unus ual in similar circumstances, and tho pub Ho crdit has beon fully maintained. The continuance of the war, howevor, and tho increased disbursements made necessary by the augmented forces now in the field, demand your best rollections ns to the best modes of providing the noccssary rovenue, without injury to business and with the least possiblo burdens upon labor. The suspen sion of specie payments by the banks, soon after the commencement of your last eos sion, made large issuos of Unitod Statos notes unavoidable. In no other way oouldtho payment of the troops nnd the satisfaction of otlior just demands he so economically or so well provided for. Tho judicious legisla tion of Congress, securing tho reoeivabilitv of theso notes for loans nnd internal duties, and making them a legal tendor for other 1 dobtu, has made tbera an univoreal enrron r " 10 mno nnu adjust such complaints Inla proposition has beon made ospeoiolly 0 Great Untttin, to France, to Snaln anS 10 I'rUBSin. In ennh prion it l.. U.A BURG, COLUMBIA COUNTY, PENN'A, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 13, 1862, oy, and has satisfied, partially nt least, nnd for the time, tho long-folt want of an uni form circulating medium, saving tlnroby to tho pooplo immenso sums in discounts and exchanges. A return to specie payments, boworer, nt tho earliest period compatible with duo ro grd to all tho intorosts concerned, should cvor be kept in viow. Fluctuations in tho Value of curroncy nro always injurious, and to rmluco theso fluctuations to tho lowest possible point will always bo a lending pur poso in wiso legislation. Convertibility, prompt nnd certain convertibility into coin, is generally acknowledged to be tho best and surest safeguard against thorn ; and it is ox trcmely doubtful whether a circulation of United Stntes notos, payablo in com, and sufficiently largo for tho wants of the pooplo, can be permanently, usefully and safely maintained. Is there, thon, auy otlior moio ip which the necessary provision for the pub lie wants can le made, and tho groat nd rantnges of a safe and uuiform currency se- ourca U4NKIN0 ASSOCIATIONS rROFOSED. I knot of nono which promises such cer tain results, ond is nt the jnmo time so un objectionable:, the organization of Dank iugAsssciitliuntf under a general Act of Con gress, woll guarded : its provisions. To snch Associations the Government might furnish circulating notes 00 tho "security of United Slates bonds depositod in tho Trcas ury. Theso notes, prepared undof ilie su pervision of proper oflioers, being uniform ni appearance nnd security and convertible, always into coin would, at once protect la bor against tho evils of a vicieus curroncy, end Incilitato commerce by cheap and safe exchanges ; a moderate reservation from tho interest on the bonds would compensate tho United Statos lor tho preparation and dis tribution of the notos and a general super vision of tho system, and would lighten lho bnrden of that part of tho public debt em ployed as securities. The public credit, moreover, would bo greatly improved and tho negotiation of new loans greatly facilita ted by the steady mnrkel demand forGovorn mnnt bonds which tho adoption of the pro posed system would create It is an additional recommendation of tho measure, of considerable weight, in my jndgpment, that it would reconcile, ns far as possible, all existing interests liy the oppor tunity offered to existing institutions to re organize under the net, substituting only the secured, uniform, national circulation, for thu local and various circulation, secured and insecured, now issued by them, TREASURY I1CCEI1T3 AND EXPENDITURES. Tiio receipts into tho Treasury from all sources, including loans and the balaneo from tho preceeding yoar. for the fiscal year ending on tho 150th of ,luno, 180'J, wero SoSIi.SS.'i, 247.0G ; nf which sum 19.(130, ;i'.)7,C2 were deriyod from Customs, 1,71)3 ;i!51,7;i fnm th'i direct tax ; from Pub lie lands, S132,2I).'!,77 ! from miscellaneous eourcps, SVK!l 787,01: from loans in all forms $329.fl92. dOO.oO. Tho remainder, 2,287. 003,811, was the balance from last year. The disbursements during the snuio peri od were : For Congression al, Executive and Judicial purposes Sfi.OMXW. For foreign intcrcourso l,;i;j9, 710,33 lor miscellaneous oxpenses (including tho mints, loans Post Olllce delicioncies, collection of revenue and other like chnrge) 1-1,129,771,50 Expenses under tho Interior Department 0,102,985,52 Under the War Department Hi) l.;!08,4()7,00 Under tbo Navy Department 12,071,509, 09 For interest on tho -Hiblic debt 13,190,:52l,15 For payment nf tbo public debt, including tho reim bursement nf tlio tempora ry loau nnd redemptions 90,090,922,09 Making an aggregate of 570,811,700,25 And leaving a balance in the Treasury on tho lhtday of July, 1802, of l;!,01;!,5 Ul.Sl. It should be obsorved that the sum ol90, 090,922,00 expendod for tho reimbursement nnd redemption of tho public debt, being included nlso in the loans mado, may bo properly deducted both from tho receipts and expenditure', leaving the actual receipts for tho year, 487,788.:12 1,97, and tha ex penditures, 474,74-1,788, 10. Other information on the subject of the fiuniicos will bo found in the Report of tho Secretary af the Treasury, to whoso state ments and views I invite your most candid and considerate attention. Tho reports of the Secretaries of War nnd of the Navy are herowith transmitted. Theso ropnrts though longthy, are scarcely more than brief abstracts of tho very numerous and extensive transactions and operations conducted through those Departments. Nor could I give 11 munmnry of them hero upon any principlo which would admit of it being much shorter than tha reports them selves. I therefore content myself with lay ing tho reports before you, aud asking your attention to them. POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. It gives me ploasure to report a decided improvement in tho financial condition of the Post Office Department. As compared with several preceeding years, the receipts for thn fiscal yoar 1801 amounted to 8,349,290,40, which embraced tho revenue from all thu States of tho Union for three quartern of that year. Notwithstanding the cessation of revenue from the so-called Sccoodcd States during the last fiscal year, tho increase of the cor re.-ipondence of tno Loyal Stntes has been sufficient to prnduco a revenue during the enine year of 8,299,820,90, boingonly $54), 000 loss than was derived from all the States of tho Union during the provious year, The expenditures choir a still more favorable result, Tho amount expeudod in 1801 was 13,000,759,11. For the last year tho amount has been ro ducod to 11, 125, 30 1,13, showing a docroase of about 2,481,000 in tho expenditures as compared with the proceeding year, nnd about 3,750,000 as compared with tho fis cal yoar 1800. Tlio delicienoy in the Department for tho previous year was 4,551,900,98. For tho last fisoaf year it was reduced to 2,112,814 57. Those favorable result aro in part owing tu tho cessation uf mail service in the insurrectionary States, and in part to a careful review of all expenditures in that Department in tho interest uf economy. Tho etlicionoy of lho postal service, it is believed has also been much improved, Tho Postm.istet-Genurnl has alio opened n corespondonct, through the Department of Stato, with foreign Governments, propos ing n convention of postal representatives for tho purposo of simplifying the rates of foreign postngonnd to expedite tbo foreign mails. This proposition equally important to our adopted citizens, and to tlio commercial in terests of this country, has beon favorably entertained nnd agreed to by nil tho Gov ernments from whom replies have been received, I ask the attention of Congress to tlio suggestion of the Postmnster-Genoral in bis report respecting tho further legislation ro quirod in his opinion for tbo bonefit of the postal service. THE rirntio LANDS. The Sccrotarv of tho Interior reports ns follows in regard to tho publio lands : "Tho publio lnnd havo conned to bo a source of revenue. From the 1st of July, 1S01, to tho 30th of September, 18G2, tho entire cash receipts, from the snlo of lands vfcre 137,470,20, a sum much less than tho expenses of our land system duriog the same period." Tho Homestead law, which will take ef fect on tho 1st of January next, offiirs such inducements to settlors that eales for cash cannot bo expected to nn extent sufficient to meet tho expensos nf thoGonoral Land Office nnd the cost of surveying and bringing tbo land into market. Tlio discrepancy botween tlio sum here state1 asnrising from the eales of tho public lands ami lho sums derived from the same sotirco as repoffed from Treasury Depart ment arisos, I undoritand, from tho fact that the periods of time, if.'ough apparently, wero not really coincident ot the beginning point, the Treasury report including ft con siderable sum now, which had previously hern reported from the Interior, eufiioionly large to graatly overreach tha sum dorivod from the threo mouths now reported upon by the Socrctary of tho Interior, and not by tha Secretary of tho Treasury. THE INDIAN TRIBES. The Indian tribes upon our frontisrs havo, during the past year, manifested 11 spirit of insubordination and at several points have engagod in open hostilities against the whito settlements in their vicinity. Tho tribes oceupying the Indian country South of Kansas denounced their allegiance to tho United States, and entered into treat ies with tho insurgonts, Tlinso who rotnain cd loyal to tho United Statos wero driven from tho country. Tbo Chief of tho Chorokeas has visited this city for the purposo of restoring the former rolations of the triho with tho United States. Ha tillodges that they wero con strained by a superior force to enter into treaties with the insurgents, and that the United States noglected to furnish tho pro tection which their treaty stipulations re quired. In the month nf August last, tho Sioux Indians in Minnesota attacked tho settlements in their vicinity with oxtrome ferocity, killing, indiscriminately, men wo men and children. This attack was wholly un9xpccted, and thoroforo no means of de fense had been provided. It is estimated that pot less than S00 per sons wero killed by the Indians, and a large aniuunt of property destroyod. How this outbreak was induced, is not definitely known, nnd suspicions which may bo unjust need not bo stated. Information was recoived by tlio Indian Iturenu, from difierent sources, nbout the timo hostilities were conimoncod, that a si multaneous attack was to bo mado upon tbo white settlements by all tho tribes between the Mississippi river nnd tho Roeky moun tains Tho Stato of Minnesota has suffered great injury fruin this Indian war. A largo portion uf her territory has baen depopu lated, and n severe loss has beon sustained by tho destruction of property. Tho pooplo of that Stato manifest much anxiety fur tho removal of tho tribes beyond tho limits of the State, as a guarantee against futuro hostilities. Tho Commission er of Indian Affairs will furnish full dofails. I submit for your especial consideration, whether our Indian systom shall not ho re modeled. Many wiso nnd good men havo impressed mo with tho belief that this can be profitably dono. PACiriO RAILROAD ILLINOIS CANAL. I submit a statement of tho proceedings of tho Commissioners, which shows tho pro gress that has been made in tho enterprise nf constructing the Pasifio Rnilroad ; and this suggests tho earliest completion of this road, and also tho favorable ajtion of Con-gre-s upon tlio projocts now pending boforo them for onlnrging tho capacities of tha groat canals, in New York and Illinois, 11s being of vital nnd rapidly increasing im portance to the whole nation, and especially to the vast interior rogion heroafter to bo noticed at soma greater length. I propose having prepared and laid boforo you, at nn early day, somo interesting and valuable statistical information upon this subject. Tho military and commercial importance of enlhrging tho Illinois and Michigan canal nml improving the Illinois river, is present ed in tho report of Col. Webster to the Sec retary of War, and now transmitted to Con gress. I respectfully ask attention to it. TUB AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT. To carry out tlio provisions of tho Aot of Congress of the 15th of May last, I havo caused the Department of Agriculture of the United States to bo organized. Tlio, Com mbjsionor informs roo that within the period of 11 few months this Department has estab lished au extensivo syntom of corrospondenoo and oxchnnges, both at home and abroad, whioh promises to effect highly boncficial results in tho development of correct knowl edge of recent iniproromonts in agriculture, in the introduction of new products, and in tho agricultural statistics of the differont States. Also, that it will soon be prepared to distribute largoly, seeds, cereals, plants and cutting, and has already published and liberally diffused much valuable informa, ti on, in anticipation of a more elaborate- re port, which will in duo timo bo furnished, embracing somo vulunblo tests in chemical science, now in progress in tho laboratory. The creation nf this Dnnartment was for the moro immediate bonefit uf a largo class of our must valuable oitiaens, and 1 trust that the liberal basis upon which it has been organized will not only timet your approba tion, but that it will realize nt no distant day nil the fondest anticipations nf its most lutiiguinn friends, ami become the fruitful source of udvnutuge to all our people DISUNION AN INADEQUATE REMEDY On the 22d day of September last, a procla. mat ion was issuod by tho executive, a copy of which is herewith submitted. In accor dance with tho purpose exprcssod in the sec ond paragraph or tnat paper, I now respect fully recall your attention to wbnt may bo callod "Compensated Emancipation." A nation may ho said to consist of its tcri tory. its pcoplo and its laws, The territory is tho only part which U of cortaiu durabil ity. "Ono generation passoth away, and another generation uumeth but tbo earth abidcth for ever." It is of tho first importance to duly consid er ond estimate this evor enduring part. That portion of tho earth.s surlaco which is owned and inhabited by the psople of tho Unitod States is woll adapted to bo tho homo of ono national family, and it is not woll adapted for two or tmjro. Its vast exttnt and its variety of climate and productions aro of advantage in this age for ono people whatever thoy might havo beon in former ages. Steam, telegraphs nnd intelligence havo brought those to bo nn advantageous com bination for nne united people In tho in augural address I briefly pointed out tho total iuadeqtiaey of Disunion as a remedy for the differences between the peoplo of tho two sections. 1 did so in language which I cannot improve, and which, thorcforo, I beg to repent ! "One section of our country belivcs that slvery h'ri;hl and ought to bo extended-, whilo the other bulioves it is wrong, and ought not to be extended. This is the unly substantial dispute. The fugitive slnvo clause of the Constitution and tho law for tho suppression of the foreign slnve trado, aro each as well enforced perhaps as nnvlawa can ever bo in a community whero the moral sense of tho pooplo imperfectly supports tlio law itself. The groat body of the peo ple nbide by tho dry legal obligation in. both cases, and a tew break ovor in each. This I think canuot bo perfectly curod, anb it would be worso iu both oaes ajter tho sep aration in tho sections than before. Tho foJeign slavetrade now imperfectly suppress ed, would bo ultimately revived without re striction in nne section, while fngitivo slaves, now only partially surrendered, would not bo snrreudored at all by tho other. Physically speaking, wa cannot separato. We cannot romove our respective sections from each otlior, nor build impassable walls between them. A husband and wifomay be divorc ed nnd go ont of the presence nnd beyond the reach of each other, but tho different parts of our country cannot do this. Thoy cannot but remain fuco to face, and inter course either amicable or hostile-must con tinue betwoen thsm. Is it pissible, thou, to make that intcrcourso more adyautngcous or satisfactory ajter separtiori than before? Can nlions make treaties easier than friends can make law.-? Can trentios bo moro faith fully enforced between aliens than laws can atnoug friends? Supposo you go to war. Yuu caunot tight ulways, and wlien, aftor much lues on both sides, nnd 110 gain on either, you cease lighting, the identical old question ns to terms of intcrcourso are ugain upon you. UIITICUI.TIES OF SEPERATION. Thoro is no line, btraight or crooked, suitable for a national boundcry, upon which to diviilo Trace through from cast to west upon tho line between the free and slave country, and wo shall find a little more than ono third of its length arc rivers easy to bo crossed, am! populated, or soon to bo populated, thickly upon both sides, while nearly nil its remaining, length are merely surveyors' linos, linos ovor which pooplo may walk back and forth without any consciousness of their presence. No part of this lino can be made any moro difficult to pass by wri ting it down upon paper or parchment as a national houndry. Tho fact cf separation, if it comes, gives up, on the part of the seceding sec tion, the fngitivo slave olauso along with all otlior Constitutional obligations upon tho sections secoded from, whiio I should expect no treaty stipulation would cvor bo mado to take its place. Rut there is auotlicr difficulty. The great interior re gion, bounded cast by the Alleghcnies, noith by the Hritibh Dominions, west" by tho Rocky Mountains, and south by the lino along whioh tho culture of corn and cotton meets, and which includes part of Virginia, part of Tennessee, all of Ken tucky, Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Wiscon sin, illiuois,, M isouri, Kansas, Iowa, Minnesota, nnd the Territories of Daco tab, Nebraska and part of Colorado, al ready has above ton millions of people, and will havo fifty millions within fifty years, if not prevented by any political lolly or mistake. It contains more than ono third of tho country owned by tho United States, certainly more than ono million of tquare miles. Onco half ns populous as Massachusetts already is, it would have more than seventy five mill ions of pcoplo. A glanco at the map shows that, territorially speaking, it is tho great body of tho republic. Tho oth er parU are but marginal borders to it, the magnificent region sloping west from tho Kooky .Mountains to tho l'acifio being tho deepest, and also tbo richest iu unde veloped resources. In tho production of provisions, grains, grasses and all which proceed from them, this great interior region is naturally one of tlio most important in the world. Ascertain from the statistics tho small proportion of tho region which has as yet been brought into cultivation, and also tho larg'i aud rapidly increasing amount of its products, and we shall bo overwhelmed with tho magnitudo of tho prospect pre sented. And yet this region has no sea coast touches no ocoan anywhere. As part of 0110 nation its pcoplo now find and may forever liud their way to Europo by Now York, to South America and Africa by Now Orleans, aud to Asia by San Fraiibisco; but separato our common country into two nations, as designed by tbe present Rebellion, and cvcry'iuan of this interior region is thereby cut off from somo ono or moro of theso outlets, not, perhaps, by a physical barrier, but by embarrassing and oucrous trade rcgula tions, and this is truo wherever a dividing or boundary lino may bo fixod. l'laco it betwocu tho now frco and Blayo country, or place it south of Kontuoky, or north of Ohio, and still tho truth ro mnins that none south of it can trado to any port or placo north of it, and nono north of it oan trado to any port or placo south of it, except upon tonus dictated by a Government foreign, to them. Theso outlets, cast, west and south, nro iudia pcnsablo to tho well being of tho people inhabiting and to inhabit this vast interi or region. Which of tho thrco may bo tho best is no proper quostion; all aro better than either, all of right belong to that peoplo and to their successors forev er. Truo to themselves, they will not ask whero a lino of separation shall bo but will yow rather that there shall bo no luoh line. Nor aro tho marginal re gions less interested in tho communica tions to aud through them to tho great outside world. They, too, and each of them, muat have access to this Egypt of tho west, without paying toll at the cros sing of any national boundary. AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION PRO POSED. Our national strife springs not from our pormpneut part, not from the land wo inhabit, not from our national home stead. Thcro is no possible severing of this but would multiply and not mitigate evils among us. In all ili) adaptions and aptitudes, it demands Union and abhors separation ; in fact it would ere long forco ro-union, howover much of blood and treasure tho sopcration might havo cost. Our strife pertains to ourselves, to the passing gen orations of men, and it can, without con vulsion, be hushed forever, with the passiug of one generation. In this view I rcccommeud tho adoption of the follow ing resolutions and articles, amendatory to tho Constitution of tho United Statos. Jicsolved, by tho Senate and House of Representatives of tho United States of America in Congress assembled, two thirds of both Houses concurring, that tho following artioles bo proposed to tho Leg islatures or Conventions of the scvoral States, as amendments to tho Constitu tion of tho United States, all or any of which articles, when ratified by three fourths of the said Legislatures or Con ventions, to bo valid as part or patts of said Constitution, viz : Article .Every Stato wherein slavery now exists, which shall abolish the same therein, at any timo or times before the Grit day of January, in tho year of our Lord ono thousand nine hundrod, shall receive compensation from tho United States as follows, to wit : The President of tho United States shall deliver to every such State bonds of the Utitetl States, bearing interest at the rate of percent, per annum, to an amount equal to tho aggregate gum of for each slave shown to havo beon therein by tho eighth census of the Uni ted States, said bonds to be delivered to such Stato by installments, or in ono parcel, at the completion of tho abolish ment, accordingly as the same shall have been gradual, or at ona time, within such Stato ; and interest shall begin to run upon any such bond only from the proper timo of its delivery us aforesaid. Any State haying received bonds as aforesaid, aud afterwards reintroducing or tolera ting slavery therein, shall refund to the United States the bonds so received, or the value thereof, and all interest paid thereon. Artielo .All slaves who shall havo enjoyed actual freedom by the chances of the war, at any time before tho end of tbo Rebellion, shall bo forever free, but all owners of such who shall not have been disloyal shall be compensated for them at the samo rates as is provided for States adopting abolishment of slavery, but in such way that no slavo shall be twice ac counted for. , Article .Congress may appropriate money and otherwise provide for coloni zing frco colored persons, with their own consent, at any placo or places without the United States. DISCUSSION OF THE EMANCIPATION MEA SURE. I beg indulgence to discuss these pro posed articles at somo longth. Without slavery tho rebellion would never have ex isted ; without slavery it could not con tinuc. Among tho frionds of tho Uuion thero is a great diversity of sentiment and poli cy iu regard to slavery and tho African race amongst us. Some would perpctu nto slavery ; some would abolith it, sud denly, and without compensation ; somo would abolish it gradually, and with compensation ; somo would rcmovo tho freed pcoplo from us, and some would retain them with us, and there aro yet other minor diversities. Because of these diversities wo wasto muoh strength iu struggles among ourselves. Ry mutual concession we should harmonize aud act together. This would be compromise, but it would ho compromise among the friends and not the enemies of tho Union. Theso articles aro intended to embody a plan of such mutual concession. If tho plan shall bo adopted, it is assumed that emancipation will follow, at least iu sev eral of the States. As to the first artiolo, tho maiu points are first, tho emancipation , soooudly, the longth of timo for consummating it, thirty seven years, aud thirdly, tho com pensation. Tho emancipation will be unsatisfac tory to thu advocated of perpetual sl-ivcrv buttlio length of lime blioulil rjtcatl" VOLUME 26. mitigate their tlissatistnction, The time , spares both races from thu evils of sud- uon ticrangciiicnt, in facet rrom the necessity of any tlcratigcfifont, while most of those whoso habitual course of thought will be disturbed by the measure will have passed away before its con summation. They will never see it. Another class will hail tho prospect of emancipation, but will deprecato tho length of time. They will fed that it gives too little to tho now living slaves. Rut it really gives them much. It saves them from tho vagrant destitution which must largely attend immediate emana tion in localities whero their numbers ar very great, and it gives tho inspiring as surance that their posterity shall be fre forover. IJENKF1TS OF THE PROPOSED l'DAX The plan luaves to eaoh Stato choosing to act under it, to abolish slavery now or at the ond of the century, or at any inter mediate time, or by degrees, extending ovor Mm whole or any part of tho period", and it obliges no two States to proceed aliko. It also provides for compensation and generally tho modo of making it. This, it would seem, mutt further mit igato the dissatisfaction of those who fa vor perpetual slavery, and especially of thoso who aro to receive the compensation. Doubtless some of thoso who arc to pay, and not to reeeivo, will object ; yet tho measure is both just and economical. In a certain sense, tho liberation of slavca is tho destruction of property property acquired by descent or by purchase, tha same as any other property. It is no less true for having been often said, that tho pcoplo of tho South are not more re spousibk) for tho original introduction of this property than are tbo people of tho North ; and, when it is remembered how unhesitatingly wo all use cotton and sugar, and share tho profits of dealing in them, it may not be quito safe to jay that the South has been more responsible than tto North for its continuance. If then, for a common object, this prop prty is to be sacrificed is it not just that it bo done at a common charge ? And if, with less money or money more easily paid, we can proscrvo the "benefits of tho Union by this means than wo can by tho war alone, is it not also economical to do it I Let us ascertain the sum we have ex pended in tho war iince comriensatcd emancipation was proposed last" March, and consider whether, if that measure bad been promptly accepted by even somo of the Slavo States, tho samo sum would not have dono more to close tho war than has beon otherwise dono. If so, tho measure would save money, and in that view would be a prudent aud economical measure Certainly, it is not so easy to pay something as it is to pay nothing, but it oasier to pay a largo sum than it is to pay a larger one And it is easier to pay any sum when wo aro ablo than it is to pay before we aro ablo. The war re quires largo sum3, and requires them at onco. Tho aggregate sum necessary for compensation emancipation, of course, would bo largo, but it would require 110 ready cash, nor the bonds even, auy fas ter than the emancipation progress. This might not, and probably would not, oloso before tho end of the thirty-seven years. At that timo wo shall probably havo a hundred millions of peoplo to share the burden instead of thirty-one millions, as now. And not only no, but the incrcaso of our population may be expected to continuo for a long timo after that period as rapidly as before, because our territory will not havo become full. I do not state il 1 . .... mis incoiisiuerateiy. At tho samo ratio rof increase which wo have maintained on an average from our first National Cen sus, in 1700, until that of 1800, wethould in 1900 have a population of 103,208,415 and why may wo not continuo that ratio far beyond that period ? Our abundant room, our broad National homestead, is our ample rosourco. Whero our territory as limited as aro the British Isles, very certainly our pop ulation could not expand as ttated. In stead of receiving lho foreign born ns now, wo should be compelled to send part of the native born away. Rut such is not our condition. Wo havo 2,003,000 square miles. Europo has 3,800,000, with a population averaging 73i persons to tho square mile. Why may net our country at soma timo average as many ? Is it less fertile ? Has it more wasto sur face by mountains, rivors, lakes, deserts, or other causes ? 'la it inferior to Eu rope in any natural advantago? If then wo aro at some time to be as populous as Europe, how soon ! As to when this may be wo can judgo by tho past and tho pres ent. As to when it will bo, if ever, de peuds much on whether we maintain tho Union. Several of our States aro already abovo tho avcrago of Europo, 73j to tho squaro mile Massachusetts has l.r7, Rhodo Island 133, Connecticut 00, Now York aud New Jersov oach 80. Also tho two ol her great States, Pennsylvania and Ohio, are not far below, the former hav ing 03, aud tho latter 50. The States already above the European average, except New York, have inorciis cd in as rapid a ratio tinea passing that point as over before, while no one of them is equal to somo other parts of our oouu try in natural capacity for sustaining a donbo populatipn. Taking tho nation in tho aggregate, and wo find its population and ratio of incrcaso for lho ncvoral do ccnnial periods to be as follows : 1700 :5,J2'J.,-J7. 1 -?00-o 3.v :? ; 8V03 per rent, ra lio ol lnuc tsc. w J 1 K: ft i -ii WA if i ii i i -