nave nworn upon the Altr of ;.!, eternal hostility to every form of Tyranny over the Mind of Man."
II. WERE?, EDITOU AND PItOPUIETOR.
lUiOOMSBSlJfW, COLU31 III A PA. S ATITKDAY, MARCH 15, IS 15.
Volume VIII.
OFFICE OF THE DEMOCKAT.
OI'IMMITK hit. PaI'l's ('lllltCII, MAIN'S!
The. COL UM JIM DEMOCRAT will hi
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made to those, who alvtrlisc hi the. year
LETTERS addressed on busiiicss,iiiusl
he post paid.
INAUGURAL ADDRESS
or j.vtihs ii roue.
Fellow Citizens: Without solieim
lion on my pari, 1 have been chosen by tin
free and voluntary suffrages of my country
men lo ilie tnosi honoiable and tnosi re
sponsible office on earth, I am deeply iui
pressed with gratitude (or the confidence
repotietl in mo. Runoied with this ilislin
guiblied coiisi.leraiion at an earlier period of
life than any ol my predecessors, I cannot
disguise the diffidence wuli which I an.
about to entet on the discharge ol my
idlici.il duties.
!f the more aged and f xperiereed men
wlio haye tilled tho ollice ol I'rcsidenl ol
the IT tilled States, even in the infancy ol
the republic, distrusted their ability lo dis.
charge ihe duties of that exulted stiitiou.
what ought not to be the apprehensions ol
one so much younger and less endowed,
now that our domain extend from ocean to
ocean, that our people have so greatly in
creased in numbers, atid'at a time when so
great diversity ol opiu on prevail in regar i
lo the principles anil policy which sl.ouh
characterize the administration ol our guv
ernmeni? Well may lite b.ddesi fear, am'
the wiset Humble, when incurring respou
sdiiliiics on which may depend our conn
try's pearc and prosperity, and in souu
degree, the hopes and happiness of tin
Ihe who'e human limily.
In assuming ri'spousii)iIiii"s 31 vast, I
fervently iuoie the aid n'- iti.il il.uighu
Kuler ol the universe, in who.,e hands an
the destinies of nations and t I tueu.ti guar
this lieaVell favored laud ag iinsl it' i; nils
chiefs which, widiuul Ills guidance, m iif I.
arise (ruin an unwise public p,dicy. Will
a linn reliance upon t!ie wisdom nf Oiinnp
onmce to sustain and direct me in the pail
ol duty which 1 am appointed to pursue, i
sum! in ihe presenile ol this ussc mhlri
multitude of my country men, to take upoi
uivself tlie solemn obligation, 'lo ihe best o
my ubiliiy to preserve, protect anil deleni.
the coiisiiiuiiun of ihe Li. .Suites.'
A concise enumeration of the principle,,
which will guide in u in tin: iiduiinisiraiivi
policv of the goveriinie.nl, in not only it:
accordance walillu: examples set me by ah
my prcdet essuis, but is eminently bttii'.in.'
ihe'oeeasion.
'I lie roiisiitiitioti iisi'll, nl.unU whiten a-
i t is, the safeguard of our federative com
pad, Ihe nll'-pring ol 'concession and com
nroiiiioe, binding lug'-Iher in the bonds o!
peace and union this greal and inueasin
lumily of free and independent Stales, wiL
be the chart by which 1 shall be directed.
It w ill be my lirsi care lo administer lln
government in the irue spirit of ilial nisiru
merit, and lo assi'iiiii no powers nol express
ly granted or clearly implied in lis terms
Tim povernineiil ol the U. States is one ol
leli"sled and limited powers; and it is In
a sincl adherence to llie clearly gianteil
pow ers, jud by abst lining Iro n the ei r
;'l-e III doillllful or uilauill'il . 'd llllpllei
powers, Ilia; we have the only sure gu irao
jy against the recurrence ol ibo-e iiiiloriu
jiate collisions bclweell the federal and Stat
authorities, which have occasionally mi
much disturbed the haraio iy id our svMcni
nod even lliteateiiv.il the pcipetuity of out
giot imis 1,'nioii.
''I'u the States respectively, or to i!o
pcop'e.'h ive been re.-fred 'tin- powcts no.
iii'etittd lo the United Slates by ihe con
Mittitiou. nor prnliibited by it to '.be St.ite.i.'
ll.ich State is a complete; sovereignly wi'.h
in the sjdieie ol il r served powers. J'lo
eiivi.rnilicnl ol' tin: L'oloo ac.lng Within tbi
i'
licre ill its deli gati il aiitliiiroy , is ;i!m ;
i iniiplete soicri igo V. While Ihe genera
:j..veriiiueol should al stalil Irom the tXcr
.-.' nl aiillinniv n.l eb'arlv dell gated toil,
a' S.aies sdo.iid ii.' i ij't illy i archil that n
..' i.i iiii' nance ol tin ir lights, lln v do not
is'.cp lln: Inun- '(
owns reserved to
01. 11,11
il t:
' ( '('" I ,..r .1...
i ( lo 'lie i ' ' i ' I,. t
la -::i i i ti
.ill mio -o n lot Ol',, !.. :
: 1 , at'il ll: sin i i I in w .o i . , :i
i.l'lic i i ii i, Ii hi 0 ,' af.,1 In i!,e
'.. I: id '! e I'l , i i d i r i n I ol
in
whole coiistitutionH vii'oi. us the sheei v
tnchor o our peace it l home,
unA kcIoiv
broad.'
To the government ol the Uniled Slates
tag been iniruMed Ihe exclusive manage
neiil ol our loreign allaiis. licyoml lliat.n
wields a low general enumerated powers.
Il does not force reform on tho Slates 1
eaves individuals, over whom it rusts it
,iro!ecling; influence, entirely Irea to improve
ilieii own condition by the legitimate exer
se of all their uientul and p!'i' I power.-.
It is a coiiinioil prolectoi of each an I all the
Slates; of every man who lives upon our
oil, w hether of nativeir loreii.ro hirih; ol
every religious seel, in their wniship of the
Almighty aceordmtr to Ihe dictates of then
iwn conscience; of every shade ol opinion.
Old the tnosi fiee inquiry; of every art,
rade and ocupatiun, coo-imeo) w 1 1 h the
aws of the Slates. And we r i H'-e in tin
general Inppincss, prospeiity and a lv.oice
neni i) oor country, winch have been ih
nfspring ol freedoui, and not of power.
This .nosl udimr iblc ninl wisot vsteoi
well regulated sell yovernineiii aioong men.
ver devised by iiiman minds has been
tested by its succe?lul (qieraltoii for more
nan till) i century; and, il preserved from
the usurpations of llie federal government on
ihe one hand, and lite excrcNe by the S.vis
il powers not reserved to them on the otbei
, 1 lervenlly luqie mid believe, endure
lor ages to come, and dispense the blessings
.f civil and religious liberty lo dlsta'il gen
rations. I o Uhct obi-ets so dear to eve
ry jntrioi, I shall devoie invself widi anx
if
ious solieiiude It w ill be inv desire tol
guard against thai most fruitful souice ohof
lauger to the hai mouioiii aciiou of our sys
lem, which consists n subsntuiini; the mere
liscriiion and caprice of the executive, or
if majorities in the legislative department
f the government, lor p iwcrs which have
been withheld Irom the federal government
by the constitution. 1 tin: theory of our
juver.iine in, majorities rule; but ibis right
is nol an arbitral)' or iinliiiii ml one. Ii is a
right in be exercised m subordination to the
Uonsiitiition, and in coiiloimily lo it. One
real idject ol llie coiisiiiinioit w as lo re
iram majorities from oppiessiu uiiiiorniei
ii eiieioaebiiig upon iiit-ir just ngln-).
Minorities have a right to appeal to lb'
-(institution, as a shield against Mich op
,iression.
T.ial the bless'ngs of lib' rty which out
oiistitutioti seiuics may be eujnvid alilu
y minorilits and up j iniies, the exeitutivi
i. i.i been wisely invested with a qu.ililici
elo upon the acis ol llie lecisiaiiiie. Ii i
i negative powir, andis conservative in iis
'iii icier. It arresl? for the lime liasn
,iico'iiderate or uiicotiHiiiniion d , i t-toium .
oiviii s rci onsideration, and tr utslers qui s
t ons at issue between llie I' lMslaiiie am
xeeiiiiu; depirtmctiis to the tribunal of i -
ii'Oplli, Like all oilier pou CIS 11 is -h -i
in be abused. hen judiciously and prop
rly exercised, the consiituliou use if n a s
ie saved li'oin iiilraclion; and the rights el
ill preserved and protected.
The in''" tim ilile value of our federal U
lion IS tell and ai'Uno i leilged b all. ',
lliri s stem of (Milled and cnlifi tier ill i
s, our peojile ure pei'ioiin il,i ollei HeU
Hl'l lllil I v hi ii i'l ' . ' to h'rk run own hajipl
less in ihen own way; u.d toe con-o qiieii
.'ts have In en most an-jin lut.s Since tin
Union wai formed the luiiuSri ol Stairs
i'js increased Irom ibiiiciu to t'.venly etghi;
'.wo id lliesc llt.ve luk' ii tin ir jt isiliou -members
ol the conh di r aey uilliiu llie la,-,:
week. Our )opnl,iliou li.is liici'i asi'i.l irinii
'br'C to twenlv iiiiIIidiis. New cotiiii'iiin
mcs hiiiI States arc sceki'ig protection undei
ns ieji'i.aud in ii It 1 1 Dili s Iioiii llie Old W nrii!
re flocking to our shines lo participate ie
lis blcssliiL's. Ileiiei'.ih ns benign wa.
peace and prosperity prevail. Freed Irom
the hnrdi'iis and miseries ol war, mil tradi
nid uil'-ivoui'si' h li t- i xieinled ibri'lighou
i'o; World. Mind, no lon.'er tasked in d '
vising means to ae, , n p! i-.li nr n-M-1
"lieines id ainbl.ioii, usurp. iMon nr cou pir-.'
devoliii)) itseil to man's inn.' loleiesis, n,
Icvido nng bis Ucultics and powers,:uid lln
I'apacity id li itllie to u.iins'ti to his e'ljov
nieiits. (ieiiius is In e to anooiiiice its in
vr nitons 'lud discoveries; and tin- li indi:
free lo accomplish whatever the bead con
reive, not incompatible with the rndiis ol
i Ir.lov being. All ili. t'ti'ti. his ,, birth in
ol rank have been ;ibolished All eili.i'ii
wbellu r iiiliveor adopied, are placed tipot
iciiiid ol a prei ! f-H equality . All are cull
lied lo (qual righ s and equal prot' Ciioit.
Nil union exists bitvverti ibureh and slate,
'mil perleel Iri i dom "I opinion is guaiau
no d to all sects and creeds.
These are some of the blcosings beciiicti
to our happy land by our lederal Union
I'o perpetuate them, it is our sacred duly li
jiri serve it. W ho shall assign limits to tin
ai.liievi ini lils of fiee munis and fiee balds
i l i ' isiiiiguislicd oliiiidir the protection ol tins gloiious Union!
I'd io-iiitd impor .No treason to mankind!' since the oitfainzi
ii '.he r;!a'e ii.'iern u.ii ol society, w uu d be i qual ill atiocin
ii s. - " ii. '-t c.,i,i I u i',,t o! him who would lilt hi? hand Ii
' i il .-'.v it. Ilew o.n.l overthrow lb" liobli-s
si mill ..nil. tin- nj 1 1 ii i 1 1 wisilfiii, v iiieh prv.eet
pn il l jiituiM'll and Ins I' llnw -in.ni. lln would sioj
Usjilif iio;uis id lite goitiuuif ut, att'J m
olve his eouniry eidier in anarchy or (!s
polisiii. lie woiim extinuuiMi ion mi.
i j i. i ... f, i
liberty which wurms uuu aniuiaies min'w" mniii , mi m. m Ui, m,
I tin id' Ininnv millions, and imiics all llie States, and it would be a violation of oui
nations of the earth lo imiiate our example,
If be say dial error and wrong aro commit
led ill the udmillislratioil ol tlie govcrnmciil.ne fjiaies nice, oieir pooin: i.,ioniiies, aim
let him remember thai nothing human CHii'y ibeir jnst debts, at Ihe earliest prae
,e perfect; and that under no oilier system;"''"" '-' r,"l1' Thai lliey wil' do so. Rt
..I'governiiienl revealed by Iloaven. or de 11 c'" h" doi-e wittioui imposing toe
vised bv man, has ronton been allowed mi beavy burdens on llicircil zrns, their is no
: ,i,l I, ,,,,.! -a Mn.Mi,. i.T.nnli.ieirof. I.,,
he sword of despots pioved lo he a s.der
or surer insirnoieni of reloim to govern
itit 1 4 1 than enlightened reus n? Ones he
expici to I'm. I iimoiig the ruins of tins U"i
on .i happier abode for our swaruting mill
ions 1 1 1 . 1 1 i tlmy now have under u! Kverv
lover ol his coiitHiy mil. I sliudd'T at tin
ihoiigbi of the pussiiiiinv ol its dissoloiion
nid w ill be ready to adopt the pn'iiotie
i'u itnenl 'Our I'edeial Union it inusi be
,iieserveil.' To prescr e it, llie. coinpm
nisi s which alone enabled our fatliris 0.
ol ill a i-1 1 1 1 ti ml eoliH llnliiMi for llie govern
nenl and priueclion ol so many Slates, mi',
distinct cimiiouniilf s, d such ilivei'-lliri'
lii'bils, inleie.-is, and domesiitt iustitutloti-.
muni be sacrediy and religiously observed
Any attempts to I'.isiuib or distroy tliesi
o nproioises, I eing li rms of ihe couipaci
d Union, can lend lo none other than tin1
uio.it ruinous ami uisasiious coii.-eijiiun
ees.
It is a source of deep ri'L'el thai, in soim
cctioiis id' oui country, misguided pi'tsoii-
dnve occasionally ind.ilgrd in S' hcinrs an
igiiatioiu,, whose objuci is the dcsti'iiclion
domestic institu'ions exisiiug in othci
sections institutions which existed at tin
adoption it f the constitute). i, and wer
recognised and protected bv it. All must
see ilial il il were posilde for tliinn to he
smcessiul ill attaining ilonr oljecl, the dis
solution of the Union, and tin) cnnseqtieii'
dcsti uciiOii of mi r happy firm of government
must speedily lollow.
I am happy in believe that at every ;nri
o! ol our existence; a a tiiiioti, there ha-exi-leil,
;,ud coiilioiies to exist, among tin
I'real mass of our iieople, a dcvnlion to tin
Union of llie Si.nes, which i ill .-Im Id an.
rotecl iliignii-il the moral luiason ol ail'
wliu would seriously lontemplate its d.'
siriiciion. I o sei ure a i oiitiiiiianci.' ol ilnr
levo'.ioo, the compromises c;( llr: constiiti
Hon must not only be preset veil, but sec
lonal je lion-irs ami ic;iil 'minings inii
c discoii'iteiKiucei!,' and all siioni rciuetn
ier thai they arc iin int'crs id the same po
1 1 1 1--;, i' iami'v, b.iviiiL' a common destiny.
I'o ii iM'C.tse (lie all rcbmeiil ol onr people !
lie Union, our laws should be pist, ,u
i i ! 1 1 y which shall tend to favor nioiiopi'le-
.r the peculiar intercsis ol sections or ela-s
s, must operate id the prijudtcc of the in
1'ii's's of tin ir Ii llnw ciliz' iis, and shuttle
e a Mod i d ll liie cmiiproiliisi s ol I be i on
.ituti'Mi be pr. si'i vei!, li se.'tional j" ihnt
.0 s and heart buniillJs be discoiinti iiaiu'ed.
if our laws be just, and the eoi'i t n mi n
.e pi aciicailv ml in i ii is lii'cil strictly will.n
tbi' limit,' cf power pi esi'ii'i'i'il to n ,i.
nay disc .I'd ,di appi'. in ii-lons r the .- , ; i i
d' tbc U nion.
With tin se i i"W s of the nature. eh. , tach
mil objects of the goveiiiiiirlit, and the val
oei'l'ibc Union, 1 sbdl stindily oppiise tin
-1 r at ii.i it id those iiroiunton-. and syi.oitis
vlili'li, in llteit iiiitiii'.1, lend lo pervert I
it from iis legiiiiilatu purposes, and make n
be ill 'Tuuient of sections, elates, and in
lli'iliia s. We need no national inn!.", m
nlii r i 1 1", i ii' . mi s iti.slilutloiis.pbinled annuo1
be go i riiiiirnl lo control or sirengilifii i'
in npposiiion io the will id its Hinliors,
txpi rience ha-, tiiogbl us bow u.iucrcksarx
dicy aie as utixiliai ics ol iliu public au'hort
ues, bow impotent lor good, iiud how pow
I'l'lul lor tnischi'-f
Outs was intended In be a pi on an ! fin
gal government; and I shali rigud it as m
inly lo I' eiiin in c m I to niigri si, anil, a
ii as 'i!'.' , xei'tiiivc is concerned,' o et-l'me.
y all me ins uitbin my jnwer. the .Irtcte
con .'my in the expeioiiiiuc nf the pub!;,
money, which may be compatible with tlo
public inteiesls.
A t'iiMonal debt los become a'uii'Sl an in
1 1 1 ii ' i mi of Furnpc'ui nion an lues. It i
'icwid, ill some of ttiim, rtq an rssinlla!
prop 1. 1 existing goveriiinents. Mcl.incltoh
s ibc condition ol tli.,1 people Itoi.e go
I rtinii'iit ear. be sustained only by a system
vbieli periodically Ir.ui.-fcrj large ainoniii-
I u.ii Ihe labor ol the many to tbc i uln-is n
be lew. Sueh a sysie
is I n i-( ' in i i.i 1 1 :
ivtlll the ciida for which our re;iublican go
vi riiiticiit was iiislilnleil. Under a vierl
policy, the debts ronttaelnl iu onr revolu jeoaisc ipialtiy and low pi ice, which tin
ion and diii'.ug . war of 1812, have beni.,))lor U1M rcat mass of our people loos
happily eximgiiislied. I!y a judi.'i..us up I,.,,,,..,,,,,,.. The burdens of eovunnien
i'1;'-"1""' "'' T" ' i''Piircd l..r
oiner necessary purposes, it is not iloiilitnl
mai me ii:'jt which lias grown out ot it:
. in tnii.taiii es of the lasl lew jeais may b
speedily pud oil.
I congratulate in v h !!uiv eili.ens oil
enure restoration of the en da id the gener
.1 gov't I Milt 1,1 l,t 1 J , H U mull,
11 ill V o lilrt Stales', 1 (.,:)'. y
ullO
thai
d it
,', 7 .t u
l"r i - I'.i'h'bt'jd S'ii.s it i r,e v
ilrvai i'.eii lubilnies, r.ui;
ul
w iiii )i w ci
inciuiiously contraeied. Although I'lejonly menus of preservinj; harmony a;i
.9 iMi.uii ii lint i 1 1 1 1 1 ii ta iiDiiiinf ill init il
K, ,.,,,.. .. ..fc...
compact of Union lo assume them, yei we
eannoi oui leei a ueep interest iu seeing all
reason to oouoi. i lie sounu, moral ami
honorable 1'ei.ling of the people of the in
debted Stall s, cannot be questioned; nnd we
lie loppy to perceive a settled disposition
on then pat', as their ability returns, alter
i uejsutt of unexampled pecuniary embai
rassiiieins, lo pay ell' all just demands, and
lo a qntcscc in any reasonable measures lo
iccnmplisli that object.
One of the dillictillies which wo have
Kid to encounter in the practical uduiinisira
.ion of the government, consists in the ad
jiistmeiil of our rceiine laws, and the lov
I ihe taxes tiei essary lor the support ol
government In lite aeneral proposition
dial no more money shall be collected than
die necessities of an economical uJniiuistra
.ion si. ad require, all panics seem to acqm
usee. Nor does there seem to be any ni.i
terial dill'sieiice of opinion as lo the a)i
icuee of riihi in the gover'imtitl to tax one
section of couniiy, or one class of cin.cns,
or or. e occiipa.ii'ii lor the mere j r 1 1 1 ol
inothci '.I iisiii'c and sound pu,i :v bii'ml
ihe federal government to luster oui, lo .inch
of industry lo llie detriment of anoihvi'. n
to cherish the interests of one poniou to
the injury ol another portion nf oui' commoni''
, . . . i, i ' i
eouniry. I nave neicioiore declared lo invini
fellow cili.'iis thai, in 'my judguieiii, it i - '
the duty of the guvernmenl lo ixtend, aslufou, gov iriinienl. Our Union is n
far as it may be practicable to do so, by i s ,.!, (!, ,,,,; 0f im(.penilei.l S ales
revenue laws, and all other meal's will.i! .,., policy is peace will, each othci
l Is power, I nr and hist protection lo all tlo j, t ,i ,., , ,., i, .,, , . .
1 ' , , , i i, , ami all ihe woilil. I o en I irge its lun-
greiil intercsis id the whole Union, (inbiae , , , . . . . . B ..
' , , . ,t i is lo extend Ihe dominion o iie.iei
to" flgriciiliuif, iu iniibn'tuies, the uiechanii i . , . , . ... 1
arts, commerce mid navigation.' I bavi I
jts.i dm laud my opinion to be 'in favor nl,
i l ii ili'lor revenue,' and that, 'i,t adjusting j
ii. ,l.-l i.U id' such a laiiil'.i have sanr lioio il
such modi rate discriminating duties iisjtial
, f.iu. .'io!ii, " i.i.' aui,'ii..l ol i.'.i iifo ueeii
cil, ami, in tin' s. uiic tune, i.iiom reasonanii
, .... , , , .
I'icidi'tiial piotci Hon to our home million ;'
nid w I was 'opposed to a t.iritT for pro
cctiini iner. iy. and not lor revenue.'
Tin' power 'In lay and collect I i.M's, dti
ics, imp i.-t -, and exercises,' w as an iiults
ieiisl'le out: to be coiilcired on tin: fcdcial
;ovi inuic'il, w liiell, wilhuiit ll, would po
e.-s no 1 1: i a 1 1 of providing for its own sup
port. In ex. ruling tins powi'i by It vying ;
..mil' of duties for the supoit n! govern
.neiit, the r li-iiig ol rev unit should be ibc
ihjft I , and prulcilioii the inriduil. 'IV
revir-e ilns principle, and make pralc-tion
ilie ohjal, olid ri Vi nne. llie iiuidtnt, wmili
"u to tnlli.'t mantfes'. injustice upon :-i I om
rf loan li:e .io!eelcd iull'l'ists. Ill lei) II. g
'ililir-. lot levi iii:.', is doliliile:iS proper l
..'like si. eli di-it iiniii:. lions within the )'i c
i iti'C iitcijde us will afford i." idcnt.d pro
.' t i" - "I In no; liilelesls. W'iil'iiu lln
r ntii-i' li.i.' tl.ue is a ih.on tion lo Cos
. r 1 1 . 1 1 1 ; . . . , io ;, oi.d ibat limit, the ligbdn
exercise ol tin' power i not coiicit'ed.
Tlr.' incidental pl'u1 CCtion iili"l i I'd l i
.nr liotoe lull rests by disci iminalinn:
within tiie I e V rlillP 1 .1 n "(', il is hiliivei
'ili bt.- au..!e- In making disci iiiiio.i
'ions, till i oi i:i;ine lidelei-'s sln u'd a:
nr ; s in a,' 1 1 cable, be i itilally pl'idi e, d.
I I e lat m ;.t pui i ion ol our pe
i gt t cull hi a b.sts. Otbei s a i e i in pi
iiiaiiiifai ui -s, Uoii.niLi ce, nav
i?. all
i d i i
.itli.ll,
..lid the iiifi batiiil arts, ri.g'ii;! il in then
i espi et .vc ptir-nil-, and their joint la
tior.- ci'ii"i"ii'e the uaiiniiiil or borne in-
ill-ll). To taX 1 1 1 : e IjlatU'll of till
'i. ine i i-:!i ' v for tho lieuefu' of i.tuib
r, Wi'ii'il 'i.' lo pi-t. .No om' ol tins
niis- -t - i u ii;,li!u!ly claim an ady.ni
a a ( v i I 'In- olheis, or to he ininhii
' y in i v 1 1 bing Ibc oi lit i s. All lit'
uu .!v i ntiilrd to the fosl( ril'g cue am
it nit i i i.'ii id the government. In ey
icis.itig a sound discretion in l. vim,
discriminating duties iviihiu the him
pi t'sci itjed, cue should ho taken tin
I he
us i: hi a manner not lo hem li
me icnliliy .'.iv
it tin- i ypi'os.' i I ll.
y hiMiig Inivest lb-
toning million".
I!
liiMiiicSnl Itle.or .iiiicus ol siijirti,'
iii,ility all 1 lilg,lt jnicc, which can noli
he
( cii.-tiintd by the vicalih) ; and iiij;b
the otresQ niis of life, or articles o'
.,lnAlUt d ,,r s p,,,,.,;,.,!,!,.; u. ,,.stn
I"
' (1(,, 'j'jt.
genet al view?, lour
criti tlained i,n (his suUicl, I hiv.
uii'i iiieti il proper to leiici iie. It is .
snbjeel upon which e. milicting iuleres-
ol ectiun.s utid uccupal tons are sop)oscii
ol lo vxist, and a spirit ol r.iuiuil eoueess
!ei!"ti anil eoiopt oui Ise in adpi-lii'ig it-
Wei;' ireeilitii l.iiU sno'.jid in: i lie i ;.t';u d by rt.
e i pari of o n
v.;l.l I'prc.l couii'ry , ua Ui-
a cheeilul aeqiiiceeure ol nil in tin
operation of our levt nne I ivy. O i'
.ii'riotic ciliz;'t) iti every part of il i
Union will readily submit lo iliu pi-ii'-iil
of such taxes as shall be needed
for the support of their government,
whether injicacc or in war, if theyfac
to Ie v i rd as to distribute the burdens
is equally as possible amoriu; Ihem.
Tho republic of Texa has made
known her desire lo conn: into oui
Union, lo fo; m part of oor conted
'irary, iod enjoy with us the blessings ol
libeity seemed and gii:mulied by oui
coiistiiiitioo. lexis was once a nart
of our e.otiuliy ivas itnwiociy ceded
iway to loreign power is tinw inde
pendent, and possesses uu undoubted
right fo dispose of a part or the whoh
of her leiiitoiy. and to mern'i hei
overeignty, as a sepiiale and indepou
lent, Stale, in ou's. I congraltil ite
ny eottniiy thai, by an act of tho lal
Congress of the United Slates, tho as
sent ul this government has biCu epv
:n to the reuiiioi), and it only remains
or i li I? two countries lo nuree unoii tin
ii i"s, lo consummate an ohj"ct so im
on ani It both.
I "ail til? question of nnnexnioi
is b long rie e Xc I ll? vc I V to the Uniled
iti s , mil Texas. They are iiidepen
loot piweis, compeieul lo contraci;
n l Ur-in n.iiions have no right to in-'
' h Willi ihcin, or lake ( xeeplions to
. i ,
- ii reiioioo. roi eigu imwcrs do nm
- j. tn. to appreciate Hie iiur- eliariK'tei
over aiiiiiiionai teriiiwU'S and iiuteas-
in;; null 1 1 ns. The woild has noiliing
u leu fi oui til ilit.it y aiiibilion in our
i i i ....
I'll I 11 111 t:ll I . -Willie 1 1 ' U lllll'l 111.1 01.-
itnl tin: popul ir hi auch of Con-
is at o elected for shot I !ei ins hv 'h'
tiLV.ifces
ol those millions wlio nitis
in Ih'ir nun prisons, h.lir ;, d,
!. Utili ns and miseiicK of war our line
i ii uu ti eannoi he oth'-'Mviso than p.tcil
te. Koieign powois sho.dil, tlieirl'oi'
ook i li ihe 1 1 1 1 1 1 x nion ul l'( X.is lo tin
Uniled S'.iies not as t he eoutiui si of ;,
i
niton seeking l(; ( X'einl her dominion
y at ins ,'n, d violt nee, but as pcacelti!
n-ej'list ' nin ol a Iniiiloiy onc.i; her own.
"y H(!ilii'! iitioiher Hit n. her to our eon
ii delation, vv ; 1 1 he Consenl ol thai
iliCllllii I tin reby diiiiiui.sbiiiif tin
rliat ccs id wai , and i peini g t,i lln t.
ii W and i tl -Hil l i using loatktls id'
hen 1 1 1 .i! in'i -i.
To Ti x.is i In- n union is impm i.u i
n l.'.'I'C Ihe s:c.!ia piOltlMllg iillll.nl
mi guv i 1 1 iifiii would be eMi'inled
jvt I bet, a:, (I 'be Vast ll sollli'cs I f li' i
i. 1 1 1 1" -.oil .mil genial cliii) ile ivi.iild In
siieriiil V (li veloiii'il while the sa elv ol
New Oi leans an, I o Hue whole S' lilb
iveslciii It'oiilier ag linsl liiislilc. aggiess
fin ft? w-IJ a" too intei est ol tin
ivliiih Union, w ould hn pronto led b
I.
In tlie en ! i o i'
sh.g'?s !' ntir
nation i'
d Willi
NISt Oft III'.' (
Oji mini pie val
inii", 'h uir :-',
-'.talcs ,i!d i.ol
nn ol confe.ilciili'ii
opci. ile suci e.-luil
Vrt an esti. tub d ttililoiv, ami nr:
ois ol.j. rnoos have, al dill'erent Hiii'S
' i n iu ol
(."l:.d a I It
. 1 1 i . t s ' V
lj ' ll 1 s.l .
io the
tnl. il geinctit ot om
These o!j"i
mged iv!ic-'ij w
lions w. ii
.i i q i.i I'd
I ,.ei ie nee lias s!i w n ! h.0
- , .
1 1 - - V .Vie nol Well f,,illideil. Tim litlt
f i . 1 1 : i : 1 1 1 u s Indian lubes to Vast tiacls
i. ciiiiliy has been ci ingoi -.lied. .ni
Si.ili.v havt: been adniilled into lln
II ii ion ; new Ten i lot us hue been treat
.! , ii d cur jui i.-diClion and laws ex
'eiiihd oyer them. As om population
ns extended, Ihe Union has been
icuii'iiled and streng'hf lied; as run
ioii!id,,i is h ive been col n god, and our
gpiciiliiK.il pnp'll.ilioo b ii l),',:n spi'einl
iver a lug" stuf.ec, our fcilci j i y.j ,syS
'0i Ii is ai'n'iir.'.l ,i. !i 1 1 1 irni il siM'ngih
nid securiiy. U imv well he douhlctl
vhelher it would not Im hi gtcite; dan
;i r oi' ovel llifoiv il our piesunl popti
i.iiioo were cm: li ie I m In,: eoum n it v : -
I V 'ui row
i mils of lln: oi i"iu.il ihn teen
Slites than il
is now Ihul llier an
p ii soly settled ovei a inure exploded
i.ciii'oiy. ll is toili. Inntly believe,
h it our sysiem may bo safely exieoded
to the utmost bounds of. our teirilorial
iiuii's; .nid that, as il shall bo extended
the bonds ol our I oioo, so I al
Iiniii
King weakened, w
r.
Nunc can fu.l to
tjt.'ouie stioug
see li;e d.i'f; i to
on s. l 'y
; li'ili 1,'oS .ill hull
cnoLS an ally or d.')br,qco jf Texas
loi.ign ua ion mote jiowei. ,lf 'j.
oei.e-f. Ij there one among out
wh i would nol refer pjiprtijl peace
villi Texas, to uccus oual wars which
so ofien otcur between bordering inde
pendent nations! Is tliere one who
would not prefer free intercom so with
tier, lo high duties on all our products
and mauulaciures which enter her ports
or cross her lionitcr?? li there ono
vho vvould not picfer bo unrestricted
coiiiniuiiicatioii wilh her citizens, to the.
Irotitter obyruciions which nukst occur
it she remains out of the Union? What
vtr is good of evil io tho Ijical insti-
i ut ions of Texas will remain her own,
whether annexed lo tho United States
or nol. JNotio ol the rirtsent Smtrs
will be responsible for Ihem, any muro
thiin they are for the local in'titulions
of each other. They have cotifderaied
togmher for cciiaio ppccifiej object?.
upon iiiefljino pt nieipi,. ihn they would
reluse to foim a perpetual union with
Ic-xrs, because ol hei local insti'.ulioi.S
nir torefather.s would havo been tin-
vented from fanning our present Union,
l'etceiviiij' no valid obj ciion to Iho
noastirp, and iiuuy rcjsous for its adop
tion, Vitally UlJeClinil the iieae-.
he safety, and the prospciiiy of both
-"uaiites 1 shi.ll, on the bio.nl princi-
ile winch urrri' il Hi? bests aud p.oduc
d 1'ie adoplioii of our c u 1 1 s t i i u ' i o n and
ml iu any nattow spirit of S'Clional
policy, emieavor, by ail coo-liuni on.il
ioii.li able, and appropriate means, lo
loiisumm ile tho i xpres:-cd will of tliti
icople and c-ovei nincm of the United
States, by the rc-aunexition of Texin
to our Uii.cn, at tho earliesl prjctioahlo
period.
iSjr will it heenms in a loss (legrei
ny duty lonsscil and nuintjin by till
iiiistiiutional means, the riht of tim
liniied .Stalls to the portion of onr
t'oinuiy which lies beyond ihe Rocky
iioiinlains. Our title to the country ol
lie Oiegoo is 'clear anil unqueslioriible:'
ni I already aie our people preparing Ut
..i feci thai title by occupying it with
nieir wives and children. Rut eighty
veins ago, our population Wis confined
ni the west by the nde ol the A lleg'vi
ics. Within that peiiod within lb-
nietioie, t must say, ol som.i ol mv
eneis our people, increasing to many
millions, have I'nled the eastern valley
d the Mississippi; adventurously ascen
ied the .Missouri lo its head spring5;
nol aie already engaged in establishing
ill" hles'iogs ofy .-ll govcrninciil in val-
b- s, ol Winch lln: i i vers fliiv to ilia
I'lcilic. The world beholds the pe.ice.
ul li lu.iiphs of llie industry of our emi
;r mis To ua belongs the duly of pro
ecding then adi qualely wherever they
my be upon our soil. Tho jurisdiction
(four laws, and ihe benefits of our rc
..imlifao institutions, should be cxlnnd
d (ivr ihem in tho distant regions
tvh'ch they have yeledc I for their
homes. The ineieasing ficilities of in-
'eieoui.'e will easily hi in llie Slates, of
lnch the foiniaiion in that part of on r
'eMilory c.i 1 1 no t be Ion j delayed, within
i lie sphere of out fedeiaiive Union. In
he mean lime, every obligition impos
ol by treaty ar eonventiori.il slipul iiioiH
slinuld be sacred'y ti?prclcil.
In the ni inageiiHMil of our lotr-ign rc
'atiun.s, il will In; in v aim 'f ob-civc a
onefii! respect for the lights of other
i.itioiis, while our own will he lii" sull
ied of (oiisl.nit wa'chfulncts'. IOqil. I
nid exact justice should characterize sit
uir intei course with foreign countries.
All alliances liauiug; a tendency to j'iop
iid the welfate and honor of our coun
iiy. or uaci ifice any one cf llie national
interests will be studiously avoided;
nid yet n.i opiioiluniiy will be. lost lo
u'livalc a l.ivoiablc understandine; wnl
iuiei-rn governments by which our nav
gition ami commerce may b,t txtend
d, and tin: ample products of orr ier
ilesoil, m well as the Ri inufactures of
nir okiilul aiti.sai.s, i ,' i ready mat ki t
ml lemuiiuiatiiig piicuj in foreign cjuii
1 1 I'-S.
In l iking 'cue ih.it ilie laws lie faith
'ully r xecotcii ,' a strict )a furnianre of
buy will li" t x.ictcd fiom all public
ofliccis. I'loni those ( llicers. especially
ivho are rhaigi'd with the collection no l
disbursement if the revenue, will
piompi and t igpd accouulnhiliiy bn re
ipiiud. An) iiilpable failuic or 4ItI.1v
00 their put to ..criiliiit lor the moneys
iimustt'd to tin m, at ihe times and 111
ibi' in;;it;i r i qtnicd by Ijw, will, iu