Proclamation , it will appear (asisbeheved)
>5, that nothing is attempted beyondjwhit ia amp-
J-|y juatiSed by the ConaUturioo. jCroe tfisform
of ap oath ie given, bat namanis coerced to
t»ke it.' - '■ ■
. The maul# only promised »pardon in esse be
Wpluntarilylakee the oath.' The Constitution
authorizes ,lba. Executive' to grant or withhold
tbs pardon at bis own absolutadisarotion, and
this includes the power to grant on'terms; as
* ■ is fully .established by judicial and Other au
thorities. It is also proffered that if in any of
the Slates named a State Government shall be
recognised and. guarantied'by'the United
States, and that under it the State shall, (on the
£: Constitutional oondition. be promoted against
Invasion and domestic'violence. 1
* ■ The Constitutional obligations of the United
■ States to guarantee to every State in the Union
' a republican form of Government, and to pro
tect the State in thecasesstated, is explicit and
foil.'But why tedder the benefits'of tbis.pro
' vision to, a State Government set np. in this par
ticular way f This'section of tbe-Constitnfion
contemplates a case wherein tbeelement with-,-
in a Slate favorable to republican-government
-in tbe Onion may bid too feeble foe an opposite
; and hostile element external to qreven within
; the State! and snob are prdcieelythe cases with
* which we are now dealing.
• An attempt to guarahj* and protect a re
‘ vlvcd State Government COTB&uoted in whole,,
"or iri preponderating part, from the very ele
njeht against whose hostility and] violence it is
'to he protected, is simply absurd. ; ‘TJiere'mnst
be.a test by which to. separate, the opposing
elements so os to build'only from the sound,
' and that test is a sufficiently, liberal one wjiich
accepts' ae sound whoever will make a awotn
recantation of bis former movements, ■
‘ Biit if it'be'proper to require' as it test of
admission tb' the political bodyan oath of al
legiance to (he United States, apdito the Unidn
unfler.it, why. not a|sb to the'labvs and proo
‘ lamations in regard to Slavery f| ,•
-TJioaeUwe and proclamations-were put forth'
for the purpose of aiding in thefsnppression of
tbe'Bebelllon. Togivetham the fullest effect,
there bad to be a pledge for their-.maintainance.
In my, judgement they have aided and will fur
ther aid the cause for which they]'were intend
ed "■ ~ ' J i V ■ • ■’
To now abandon them would be not only to
relinquish a lever of power, but.woqld also be
a.' cruel and astounding breac]i of faith..
I may add, at ibis point, l remain in
.my present position I shall not, attempt to'
retract or modify the Emanoijpation Procla
mation, nor shall I return to 1 snvery any per
son who isfreeby the terms olcthat proclama
tion,tor by any of the acts of . Congress'.
For these ahdbther reasons ills thought that
support of these measures should.be included in
the. oath, apd it, is believed that the Executive
may lawfully claim it in return for pardon and
Restoration of forfeited rights, which be has a
‘clear constitutional power to witfihold altogeth
er,' ok grant upon the terms be shall deem- wi
dest for the public interest. ' . '
'(lt should he observed also that this part of
ihe-oatb is suhjebt'to the modifying and abro
gating poveer ofiegielationandtoupreme judi
cial decision.-. .0 ,
L proposed acquiescence, bf the National
Executive in. any reasonable, temporary State
nrrangoment for tbe freodpeoplfe is made .with
lihe view of pdiaibly modifying 'the confusion
and destitution which must at‘best attend all
glasses total revolution of labor’through
out whole*States. ‘ , ’ r ..
It is hoped that tbe nlready deeply afflicted
people 19 ‘(hose States inay.be somewhat more
.ready to givo'up the cause of tbeip affliction, if
to. this extent this vital matter he left to tbem
'eclveS, while, no power of the national execu
tive to prevent an, abuse is-abridged by the
proposition. ....
’The suggestion in tbe Proclamation'as to
maintaining the.politioal framework of tbe State
on what is called reconstruction,.is made in tbe
hope that it might do good vtithout danger of
harm. .It will save labor,-and avoid great con
fusion. ■ B,ut why any proclamation now upon
the subject? This subject is beset with (he con
flicting views that the step might; bo delayed-too
.Jong, on bo taken, top soon. ./ '
, In ,some States the elements for resumption
pcemready for action, but remain inactive, ap
parent!; for. want of a rallying! point—a plan
,of action.. Why shall A adopt the plan of B,
rather .than B that of A?'And if A and B
: should agree.how pan they know bat that the
general Government here wili.regect their plan ?
.dJyihe Proclamation a:plan ia.presented which
may be accepted by them sis a rallying point,
and- which they .are .assured inadvanoe will,
not be rejected here. This may bring them to
act sooner than they otherwise weald.
The objections to a prematura presentation of
a-plan by the National Executive consists in
the danger of committees on points which could
ha more safely left to further; developments.
Care has'been taken to so'shape the docu
ment asto avoid embarossment from this source,
saying that Pn certain terms pertain classes
will bo pardoned, with rigote restored. '
it is pot said that other classes and. other
terms will jnever be included, saying that re
construction will be accepted if presented in a
, specific lt is not said-.it. wilt never be
aocepted-Jn any ,other way. The movements
T>y Staid action fpr Emancipation in several of
the States not included in the; Emancipation
Proclamation, .arc, matter of profound gratitude.
And while IcjVnot repeat nor Retail what
1 hare'heretofare’Bo earnestly, urged upon this
subject; my .general views and feelings' remain
unchanged; and I trust that .Congress will
omit no fair opportunity of aiding these im
portant steps to the great consummation. In
the midst of other care’s, however important,
we must not lose sight of the fact ihat tha war
power is stilt odr main reliance. To that
f power alone can we lohk fer q. time to give
confidence to this people in the contested re
gions that the insurgent, power will not again
overrun them. Until that confidence shall be
established little can lie done''anywhere .for
what is called reconstruction. J,i
Hence onr.ohiefest care’ musti.etiil he dircot
,ed to the army and. navy, which-have thus far
■ borne their 1 harder part so nobly and well; and
it may be eatoemd fortunate that in'giving the
greatest efficiency to these indispensibls arms
we do honorably recognize the gallant men
:,from commander {to sentinel who compose them,
;; nnd to whom mor«4han to others the world
‘ innst stand indebted for the hpme.of'freedom
disenthralled, regenerated, enlarged, and per
petuated. —, . ABRAHAM LINCOLN.,
December 8, 18G3. - '•
following Proclamation is'appended
£He fitauge.
PROCLAMATION,
- Whenat, In- and by the 1 Constitution of the
United States, it is that the 'President
haft" bare fewer to grant ref rites r ahd par
dons foroffenroagaiuzltba tfhlted 3tates,,»g
cept in caeerof impeachment j and ;; ‘ >
Whereas, A.-Bebeliibn now exists whereby
(be loyal Stats'GtoveAtoenb (if several State*
have for a long, time been sdhverted, afld mn-"
ny perspns have commiMed-andjtte now guilty
of treason against the United States, And
whereas, with rtTefende tosaa'rßbellion and;
treason, law* have been enacted iy Congress
declaring forfeitures and confiscation of prop
erty and liberation of slaves, all Upon - terms
[tml coniitk>nathereinstatcd.; and-also de
claring that the President,was thereby author
ized at tony time thereafter, by proclamation,
to extend, to. persons .who’ may have-; par-,
tioipated in the.existing rebellion in any State,
or part thereof,. pardon and amnesty, with
snob exceptions and at such times (and on such
conditions as he may deem expedient for tbe
public welfare'; apd
- Whereat, The' Congressional declaration for
limited and conditional pardon accords with
tbe well-established judicial exposition of the
pardoning power, and whereas with reference
to tbe said Rebellion the President of-tbe Uni
ted States bos issued several proclamations
with provisions in regard to the liberation of
slaves; and
W-hertas, it is now desired by some persons
heretofore engaged in the said -Rebellion to re
sume their allegiance to the United States,
and to reinaugurate loyal State Governments
within- and for their respective States; there
fore I Abraham Lincoln, President of-the Uni
ted States, do proclaim, declare and make
known to all persons who have directly or by.
implication participate in the'existing- Rebell
ion, except as hereafter excepted, that a full
pardon is hereby granted to them and eoeh of
them, with restoration of all rights of prop
erty, except as to slaves and in property en
cases where the rights of third parties shall
have intervened; and npon tbe condition that
every snob person..shall,take and .subscribe
an oath, and thenceforward keep and maintain
said oath : inviolate, and which - oath shall be
registered for permanen t preservation, and shall
be of the tenor and effect following, to wit;
' I, ——, do solemnly swear in presence of
Almighty God, that I will henceforth faithfully
support, protect, and defend tbe Constitution of
the United States and tbs Union'of the States
themselves, and that I will, in like manner,
abide by and'faithfully support all acts of Con
gress passed during the existing Rebellion with
reference to slaves, so long and so .far os not
repealed, or held void by Congress or
by decision ,of tbe Supreme Court, and that I
will in like fanner abide by and faithfully sup
port all proclamations of tbe President made
daring tbe existing Rebellion having reference
to slaves, so long and so far as not modified or
declared void by decision of the Supreme Court.
So help me God.
The persons excepted from the benefits of
tbe foregoing provisions are, .all who are; or
shallhave-- been civil or- diplomatic officers or
agents of the so-called Confederate Govern
ment ; all who have left judicial stations under
-the United States to aid tbe Rebellion; all who
are or shall have have been military or naval
officers of said so-called Confederate Govern
ment above tbe rank of colonelln the army,
of lieutenant in tbe navy; all who left seats in
tbe United States Congress to afd the Rebellion.
Ail who resigned commissions in the army or
navy of the. United States, and afterwards
aided the Rebellion, and all who have engaged
in any way in treating colored persona or white
persons in charge of such, otherwise than-law*,
folly as prisoners of war, and which person
may have been found in the United States ser
vice as soldiers, seamen or in any other capacity.
‘ And I do further, proclaim, declare, sod
make known, that whenever, in any of tbe
States of Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana, Mississ
ipppi, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, Florida,
South Carolina, sod North Carolina, a number
of'persons, not less than one tenth in number
of tbe votes cast in such States, at the Pres
idential election of the year of our-Lord, - 1860,
each having taken the oath aforesaid; and not
having since violated it, and being a qualified
voter by the election law of the State existing
immediately before the so-called act of Secess
ion, and excluding all others, shall re-establish
a State Government, which shall be republican,
and in no wise contravening said oath, each
shall be recognized as the true Government of
the State, and the State shall receive thereun
der tbe benefit of the constitutional provision
which declares that: ■
’ “ The United States shall guarantee to every
State in this Union a Republican form of Gov
ernment, and shall protect each of them against
Invasion, on application of the Legislature, or
of the Executive, when the Legislature cannot
be convened, against domesteo violence."
And Ido further proclaim, declare, and
make known that any provision wbiob may be
adopted by such State Government in relation
to the freed people, of such State which shall
recognize and declare their permanent free
dom, provide for their education, and which
> may yet be ; consistent, as a temporary ar
rangement, with their present condition as a
laboring, landless, and homeless class, will not
be objected to'by the national Executive. And
it is suggested as not improper, that, in con
structing a loyal State government in any
State, the name of the State, the boundary, the
subdivisions, the constitution, and the general,
code of laws, as before the rebellion, be main
tained, subject only to the modifications made
necessary by thq. conditions hereinbefore sta
ted, and snob others, if any, not contravening
said conditions,, and which may be deemed ex
pedient by those'{framing the new State gov
ernment.
To avoid misunderstanding, it may be prop
er to say that this proclamation, so far as it re
lates to State government, bjd no reference to
States wherein loyal State governments have
nil the white' been maintained. And for the
same reason, It may be proper to' farther say,
that whether, membera sent to Congress from
any State' shall he admitted to seats constitu
tionally, rests exclusively with the respective
Houses, and not to any extent with the Exec
utive. And still further,.that this proclam
ation is intended to present the people of the
States wherein the national authority has been
suspended, and loyal State governments have
been subverted, a mode in and by which the
national authority and loyal State governments
! may be re established within said States, of in
any of them ; and, while the mode presehced
is the best the.Exeoutive can suggest with his
present impressions, it must not be understood
that no other possible 'mode would be ao
ceptable» - ’ -*
Given under my hand at the City of Wash
ington, the" eighth day of December, A. D.
one thousand . eight' hundred and sixty-three,
and of the independence of the United States
of-America the eighty-eighth.
By the President, . Annumt Lmcout.
Ww.H.SswanD/Stoietaryof State.
i THE TIOGA COUNTY AGITATOR.
THE AGITATOR.
JI, |U ANP .PROf RIEXQB.
V WELMBOEOUOH. PENK’Ai
WEDNESDAY,; *: DEOEMBERJ6, 1863
' GOOD OUT 0> KAZAHETH.
- -We ars awara-that manywill consider wild,
if not. absurd, tbs. declaration that the'final
blow to Slavery, and the restoration of unity,
'will come through the non-alavebolding whites
of the Sonthi Yet Such seems certain 'to be
,the fact. .We have studied the matter closely,
and feel warranted in making the declaration.
i The non-slavehoiding whites of the former
and present Slave States have been misunder
stood; and- entirely misplaced in the political
scale. While we of the North have been giv
ing free expression to oar sentiments and 1 con
victions, these men have been' thinking oat the
great problem, to solve which has already cost
as oo mnch blood and treasure. They have;
also been treasuring up; their wrongs, waiting'
with a patience which is most wonderful, for
the- folnessof their time. <
' We have recently had an extended converse-,
tion with the last of a ' long line r of slave
holders, a’native of Prince George county, —
that,Egypt of Maryland.. He is a mechanic,
and a most excellent one too, long a member of
the M. E. Church, South', nnd altogether a very
intelligent man. We seldom meet men who
evince more thought in; their conversation, or
who are more thoroughly conversant with-past
and current political history. ,
- In the coarse of the conversation he re
marked that oven , the Republican party, with
which he bad never acted, failed to compre
hend the magnitude of the evil of Slavery.
Said be, “ there can be but two parties to this
contest—-one upholding slavery and the other
unqualifiedly .against it. ■ The first is a party of
traitors and the last a party of true.friends to
mankind.’' He farther said that he bad been
familiar with the doctrine of secession for more
than thirty-five years. | That the slaveholders
of hia section, generally, had taught it openly
amofig themselves fori that period of time.
That there had always been rank abolitionists
in every neighborhood,—men who abhorred
the syetem, who denounced it among them
selves, but' stHLprivatelyand abhorred it
principally because it always presented a hos
tile front to democratic ideas. “To the abo
litionists of the North,” said he, " tbe South
owes a debt of gratitude. Rut for the hope
they gave the slaves, of possible freedom in a
not remote future, tbo.entire region in which I
- lived, as well as every other portion of the
densely enslaved Sooth, would, years ago, have
-been baptised in rivers bf blood. This hope,”
he continued,' “ encouraged the slave to bide
hie time. And no fact is better understood
among our silent anti-slavery men than this.
It is also recognized by many slave-holders.”
He proceeded- to say that with the aristoc
racy of slaveholders on the one hand and tbe
pro-slavery democracy on the other, there re
mained no part for Southern anti-slavery men
but silence and patient 1 endurance. The elec
tion of Mr. Lincoln gave them, as he feelingly
expressed it—“such a qnality of joy as they
never before felt.” The yoke of servitude had,
chafed mote than the negro’s neck. It had
borne ns heavily, perhaps more heavily, open
the non-slave-holders bf tbe South than upon
the negro. They felt crashed and suffocated.
-Still, they waited. -
. , This man'washed bis hands of the crime bf
human servitude 1 early.-' He united himself
with the E. Church with an enlightened
faith in God, and in his providence. Long be
fore this war oame.on r he says, the priests and'
bishops of tbe churches South, endeavored
to ingraft tbe scion | of rebellio'n ’upon tbe
church stock. They taught the divinity of
' Slavery wherever and whenever it seemed ju-
I dioious. They went forward as pioneers of
outrage and stumbled at no dnty imposed upon
them by their slavebreeding principals. Thus
tbe religions structure of Southern society be
came rotten from crown to sole.
Be elites another significant fact. There are
a few'good Onion men among (he Maryland
-slaveholders, and from them the slave never,
; - f* *
or very seldom runs amay. They give them
passes to come to Washington during the hol
idays, and they return home, almost without
exception. But the Secesh slaveholder has no
such privilege. Ha finds himself poorer in
human property every day, and never ventures
to give' bis chattels posses to go out of the
neighborhood. .
We have detailed the substance of this con
versation for the information of all, but more
for the benefit of the men who af
'■foot to be tender of slavery. , These Copper
heads of the north make ten times the hullaba
loo about the rights of the slaveholder that the
slaveholders themselves do. I have seen and
conversed ’ with many 1 owners of human chat
tels, or who hold to. the legitimacy of the sys
tem, but have never seen one so strenuous in
his -defence of the system, orao apparently
outraged by the anti-slavery party, as many a
poor demagogue' that we wot of in Tioga.
These northern demagogues, once located in a
elavebolding community, prove the most ac
complished practical. amalgamationists. They
have a great horror of theoretical amalgama
tion, but if the reputable peopfe-in.slavehold
ing communities- are to be believed they arc
quite thorough practical amalgamationists'. In
;faot, the only difference between them and
Wendell Phillips is, that the latter is an advo
cate of the amalgamation of races in a phil
osophical and political sense,, and the former
are ,practical. amalgamationists in, a social
sense. It is well for the people to understand
the distinction. ■ ,
SJDITOBIAI, OOBEEBPONDBIfCE.
!W ASHtNGtoir; Deoem her 8,1863.
y ihere jsgreat jpjjn this qapital over the of-,
gamzation of the House with loyal officers and {
-loyal *promise; The Hbdse has - neveir Bad a
purer and - hpnester man ■to preside over its
stormy (un) deliberations than Schnyler Col
fax. 1 think T wrote of him before, and will
not farther repeat myself. The House has also
elected, an honest, able, and!efficient Clerk—
Edwajd McPherson, 'of car own State, and a
member of the 36tb and 37th. Congress. He
is the’-man whom Curry, of Alabama, once
described as “ a singed oat.” Southern men
did not' often feel bis claws, bnt once was suf
ficient. He spoke by the record.
The loyal people will not fall to rejoice over
the defeat and hnmiliation of Emerson Eth
eredge, the recnSanteont e-outer. -His fate is
the fate of all men who forswear themselves
and. stifle the divinity that stirs within them.
When, .last year, the tide seemed .turning
against the Government, he thought opposition
to the Administration, the purchase of contin
uance :in place. Like all corrupt and con
scienceless incn,,he mistook the nature of this
straggle. .. ; • '
Up to nine o’clock of Sunday night, Emer
son Etheredga showed a persistant determin
ation to perpetuate his own succession to.the
office bf Clerk of the House by the grossest of
frauds.' Under tfie letter of a law enacted on
tbe 3d of March lest, for the purpose of pre
venting the reception of member* from States
in rebellion, he ruled ont, or refused to pnt'on
the roll, tbe names of members from Mary
land.
But the fraud was so gross that thoHonse,
by a test vote, forced him to do his duty. «
Why blame Emerson Etberedge ? He only
did the will of a. faction which seeks to accom
plish nothing honestly, or openly, that can be
accomplished bv Traod and force. He Could
not be aNJflpperhead in good standing with
other and better proclivities. But he has met
tbe fate he invited. He is to-day a shorn Sam
son, despised by tbe very men whom he damned
bis sonl to serve and conciliate.
The administration goes into Congress with
greater strength than its most sanguine friends
hoped for. The factionists built largely upon
the probable defection of the *• independents,”
as Messrs. Hale, Tracy, and others were de
nominated. Yet all these *' independents”
are zealous supporters of fho war policy of the
President, os of the financial policy of Mr.
Chase. On ail test votes they will stand firmly
by the Government. Tbe unessential is of no
value in these times. Their election
can no longer be regarded as calamitous. If
any man voted for them thinking they would
feel obligated to do the dirty work of faction
ists, snob will find themselves roundly cheated.
M. fl. 0.
Washington, December 0, 1853,
I last night went to Odd Fellows Hall and
listened to a lecture by Horace Greeley. His
theme was— ; “The Question of tbe Hour,”
Tbe ball wag densely crowded, and though be
spoke nearly two hours nobody seemed tired.
The ’ change in public opinion here is won
derful. Four years ago Horace would hare
spoken in Washington at bis peril. Last night
he was applauded to tbe echo. Of course tbe
subject was ably and exhaustively bandied.
I ought not to forget, also, that Frederick
Douglas, who is guilty of a skin not so light as
James Buchanan’s or Jeff. Davis’s, spoke to
tbe Waebingfpn people last night. Such was
the rush to- hear this most remarkable man
that hundreds were unable to get in the hall.
He spoke also on Monday evening. Every
body is amazed at tbe eloquence and solidity of
Ibis'sable orator and thinker. .....
It is indeed a wonderful progress that bos
been made since I first set foot in Washington.
Then the pistol and the bludgeon ruled the
roast, and white men were mobbed far opin
ion’s sake. These things are now unknown.
Even treason may be preached by Copperhead
Congressmen without subjecting tbe preacher
to more than scorn and contempt. The world
does mow- M. H. C.
Remarkable Incident at- Cocht.—James
Sutherland, who. was on trial at' Indianapolis
fur four days far killing Roddy A. Small, was
-acqoitted on Tbnrsday. His wife and three
children were in court at the time. After the
announcement of the verdict there followed a
scene, says the Indianapolis Journal, not often
witnessed in a court room. The prisoner that
wss—a prisoner now no longer—fell upon his
kpees, and lifting his eyes toward heaven ot
tered an earnest prayer of thanksgiving and
praise to the God, whose justice and mercy
bad been ao wonderfully manifested in him.
The prayer was irresistibly eloquent, and when
Amen was pronounced,. Amen came back in re
sponse from every part of the'room, and there
were teors in every eye. All rose to their feet;
the acquitted man advanced and took each Ju
ryman by the hand witb a fervent “ God bless
you I You have saved an innocent - man from
shame and disgrace; you have taken a foul stain
from my name. God bless you I And to the
.prosecutor, whose conduct in.the case com
mands admiration from all fur fairness and
honesty, he gave a cordial “ God bless you I”
The old white-haired father, whose firm trust
bad supported the. son in the dark hours of
trial, now melted in tears, pf joy that bis hoy
was acquitted of guilt, and bis-iiwn-good .name
remained untarnished. The 'fJudge, wiping
his eyes of- the tears that had come unbidden,
ordered the Sheriff to adjourn the court.
' How the Sotniks Sleep*.— Ton would, I
think, wonder to see men lie right down in the
dusty road, under the full noon son of Tennes
see and Alabama, and fall asleep in a minute.
I bake passed hundreds of suoh sleepers. A
dry spot ia a good mattress; the flap of a blan
ket quite a downy pillow. You would wonder,
I think, to see a whole-army corps, as I have,
without a shred of a tent to' bless’ themselves
with, lying anywhere and everywhere' in all
night rain and not a growl nor a grumble. I
-was carious to m» whether the pluck and good
nature were vraahed-onfqf them, endeo l made
my way out of the snogs dry quarters 1 am
ashamed to sky 1 occttma. at five iq-tho mor
.ring, to see J»hat-water%ftd dons-'wißMhem,
; Nothing 1 Each soaked blanket hatched ofl{
' As jolly a'fellow as yon would wish to see, flfffd- 1
dy, dripping, halfflouoderedrfortfa they came,
wringing themselves out as they want, with tbe
look of a troop of “ wot down” roosters in a
full rqiq storm, plumageetbalf-maet, but hearts
'trumps every time. _lf j they swore—and some
did—it,.was with a laugh; the sleepy..fires
were Stirred up ; then came the coffee, andthey
were as good as new. V Blood is thicker than
wafer ? r —BVP fttykr. 7. ~Z'Zj
' „ WAR MEWS- .
’News from Texas reached 'Washington on
-Saturday, Gen,Banks Announces that forces
under Major. Gen. Washburns have seised the
approaches to Matagorda. 1 . Tbe Rebel garrison
of Port Esperanzo, consisting of 1,000 men,
fled at the approach of par troops, first’blowing
ap the magazines. A high gale prevented the
co-operation of tbe gunboats with tbe land
forces, or the' enemy ‘would . probably have
fallen into our hands. Ten guns were captured,
ranging from 24 to lOOrponn'ders. The com
mand of Matagorda Bay substantially gives os
the control of Centralaod Western Texas, and
all the important points on the east coast except
Galveston. The town of Matagorda, situated
on the bay, at tbe mouth of tbe Colorado River,
has a large trade, and jis the depot for 1 the
produce of the Colorado! Valley, which is one
of •the richest parts'pf Texas.
Richmond papers say j that Longstreet’s com
mand, is at -Rutledge, 30 miles north-west of
Knoxville, on the road to Bristol, South-West
ern.Virginia, and in a comparatively safe posi
tion. His rear was skirmishing with our cav
alry, but cur pursuit is | said not to have been
vigorous. A rebel raiding party had penetra
ted to Mount Sterling; Ky., encountering, a
body of our trpops whom |t claims to . have
routed after a stout fight. Tbe .Rebels then
burned tbe Court-House' and jail, and returned
to Abington, Va., with Jsloo, 000 in greenbacks
in the way of booty,
A Louis Ville dispatch says the guerrillas in
Cumberland, Wayne, end Clinton Counties are
very troublesome, and often make raids across
the’ Cumberland, destroying property, stealing
horses, antf conscripting citizens. 'They are
generally believed to be Rebel citizens, who
take this method of robbing the Union mso.—-
Four thousand and two hundred-Chattanooga’
prisoners have passed through Louisville. 1
Gen. McPherson, commanding at Yicksbarg,
lias issued orders fur {changing Col. B. O. Far
rar's 2d Missintppi Artillery into cavalry, to
operate against the guerrillas which infest tbe
lower part of river,
Gen. Gillmore threw a few more shells info
Charleston on Thursday last, which (the Reb
els say) did no damage worth noticing.
The latest news from the Chesapeake is that
she left Shelburne, Npva Scotia, on Saturday
morning, after shipping some men and taking
in’coal. I '
Washington's Opinion, of the NoVth.
In a letter of Washington to his friend Lund,
in Jnne 1776, occurs the following passage, in
which be most graphically describes the pecu
liarities of Northern and Southern men as sol
diers, and gives a preference for the qualities
of the Northern men;! the justice of which the
present campaign is likely to verify :
“We have lately iila'd a general review, and
I have much pleasure in informing you that we
made a better appearance, and went through
our exercises njore like soldiers than I had ex
pected. The Southern States are rash and
blamable in the judgement they form of their
brethren of the four [ New. England States. I
da assure, with all my partiality fur my own
countrymen, and prejudicesngainst them, I can
but consider them os the flower of the Amer
ican army. They i are strong, vigorous and
healthy people, inured to labor and toil, which
our people seldom arc ; and though our hot
and eager spirit' may suit better in a sudden
and desperate -enterprise, yet, in the way
in which wars are now carried on, you must
look for permanent advantages only from that'
patient and persevering temper which is the
result of labor. The New Englanders are
cool,'considerate ana sensible while we are all
fire and fury. ' Likejitheir' climate, they main
tain an equal temperature, whereas we cannot
shine bat we barn. They have an uniformity
and. stability of character, to which the people
of no other States Jia ve any pretensions; hence
they must and wilf'always preserve their influ
ence in this great dmpire. Were it not fur the
drawbacks and disadvantages which the influ
ence of their popular opinions on the subject
of government have on their army, they soon
might, and probably will, give law to it,''
tone
The Skows \ndi Seas- of Mars.—Mars has
lately presented opportunity for the
examination of i«f surface.—The constitution
of this planet more nearly approaches that of
the earth than any other in the system. Snow
can be detected atj both poles, the white circle
increasing in winter and decreasing in summer.
It has.been found ihnt the center of this region
of snow does not! coincide, exactly with the
poles of the plane|. And in this respect it is
like the earth, whose greatest cold is not exact
ly at the pole. A greenish belt with deep bays
and, inlets near the equator, which is suspected
to be a sea, has recently been detected. The
termination of snowy region is very sharp
an'd abrupt, giving the idea of lofty cliff. A
reddish island in the above sea has also been.de
tetected. The probability of Mars being in
habited is greater than that of any other plan
f et. Its density is very nearly that of the earth.
The heat and light of the sun would only be
half of that enjoyed on our globe; but then
this may be compensated by an atmosphere
which may form a Warmer wrapping than ours
and by a more sensitive eye. A great part of
the surface of the globe is covered with snow fhr
half of the year; the people in Mars would
-not be worse off than we are in Canida, and
life is tolerable there., People emigrating from
this planet to Mars would find that they were
only half as heavy os they, are here) which
some would not regard as a disadvantage.—
Leiich. i ,
Lasge Locomotive.— The largest locomotive
in the Unitid States, if‘not in the world," has
just been built for the Philadelphia and Read
ing Railroad Co. It has twelve driving wheels
43 inches in diameter, and the stroke of piston
28 inches. The firs hoses 10 feet 8 inches long,
and 41|inches wide.' Inside diameter 48 hush
cb. Tbs weight of the locomotive whoa in ran-',
ninjf order {»W0,320 poood*.' Tbia koomotift
is iirtended fora pushing one.to fimss tbs heavy
coal-trains up the grades of the road. It
designed by Mr. 'James Hillholland, and' its
construction superintended by him.
'V....; ; . ;CAt»iolr.. , 5
my wife, PHILKNA -2: WBBB, bu
T f loft my bed and hoari without any just cams
or provocation; I hereby caution all perrons against
harboring or trusting: her on ‘sny account, as I uai
pay so debts of her contraeting.after this date.
VALENTINE WEBB.
. Delmar, Dec. 16,1863-31.* _
THE ATLASTIC IHOSTBU,
A' Magazine of Literature, Art, and JPbhitet f
18 CSiygESAU-T'ESCOOmiED Ar :
THE BEST AMERICAN MAGAZINE I
The Thlrteonth VolnniG
Of the Avlahtic commences with the number for
January, 1864. Its commencement affords the Put.
Ushers an occasion to eay that the Atlsxtio has at
tained a circulation and prosperity never equalled by
:any American magaaine of its elans.
The prosperity of the Atlantic enables its eon
doctors to employ the most eminent talent of tW
country in its eoiums. All the best known writiis in
American Titerature, contributing constantly to its
pages, give it the sole right to be known as our na
tional magaeine. Its staff comprises tbs following
names among its leading contributors
James Bussell Dowell, ’ Oliver W. Holmes, ’• -
, Henry W. Longfellow, John G. Whittier,
Louis Agassis,- ■ • Gail Hamilton, ■
Eaiph Waldo Emerson, E. P. Whipple, '
Nathaniel Hawthorne, Bayard'Taylor, ■
Charles Somner, Charles B. Norton,
Kobert Dale Owen, .. Frauds Burkinan, ■
George W. Curtis, ' John G. Palfrey,
C. C. Haxeweli, , George 8. Hillard,
T. W. Higginson, ' Henry Giles,
, Anther “Margret Howth” Walter Mitchell,
Mrs. Julia W. Howe, - Henry T. Tnckerman,
Mrs. A. D. T. Whitney, John Weiss,
T. Buchanan Bead,' Francis Wayiand, Jr,
William Cullen Bryant, Mrs.H.B.Stowa,- ,
Harriet Martlnean, ’. “Ik Marvel,”
. David A.’ Wasson, “The Country Parson,”
Bose Terry, Harriet K. Prescott,
Robert T. S. Lowell, J. T. Trowbridge,
Josiah P. Quincy, Prof. A. D.- White,
Edward B. Hale, F. Sheldon.
THE ATLANTIC FOB 1864
Will be in do wise inferior to the previous volomtf,
biit it will be tbe constant aim of the Publishers to
advance (be bigb -standard already established for tbs
magatine. Id furtherance of this aim/ they have se
cured for tbeir new volume several
FEATURES"*)? PECULIAR INTERESf '!
Among these they are now able to announce defi
nitely that
ROBERT BROWNING will contribute seven]
New Poems; -Zj
NATHANIEL HAWTHORNS will print bis New
Romance in the columns, of the Atlantic, commen
cing, probably, with tbe February number;
HENRY WADSWORTH LQNGFELLOW will
publish in tbe Atlantic some Cantos of bis Transla
tion of Dante's “ Divina Gommedia" ;
MRS. HARRIET BEECHER STOWE begins, in
the. January number,'* series of capital sketches, to
be continued through leveraljnontbs. with tbe title cf
“ House and Home Papers, by Christopher Crow
field"': ■. ' -
j. T. TROWBRIDGE has written a New Novel,
which will be commenced in tbe Atlantic during tbe
next volume; -
PROF. LOUIS AGASSIZ will continue those ad
mirable articles upon different branches of n&tiral
science which have constituted so interesting aid im
portant a feature in the late volumes of the Atlantic.
Terms.—The Atlantic te. for sale by all
Bookand Periodical Dealers. - Price 25 cents a num
ber. Subscriptions for the year, $3.00, postage paid.
Club Prices.—Two Copies for one year, $5.00, and
each additional subscription at the same rate; and
an Extra Copy gratis for every Club of .Ten Subscri
bers ; or Eleven Copies for $26.00r
In mil Club$ t tvbierihert pay their own portage, 34
cent# per year.
Specimen numbers sent gratis on receipt of four
cents for postage;
. ? TICKNOR A FIELDS, Publishers,
I? 135 Washington Street, Boston.
CAUTION,
ALL persons ore hereby cautioned against purcha
sing a Judgment against John A.'VoDeise, pay
able to James H. Smith, for I will never pay it ‘
Charleston, Deo. 9,1865.' JOHN A. VANCIBB. ‘
CHRISTMAS 1 GIFTS.
MRS. A. J. SOFIELD will open for sale at her
MUlintery Rooms, a choice variety of Christ
mas presents, which will be sold low. She U now re*
ceiving from New,York a carefully selected assort
ment of Toys of every - variety, China,.Alabaster,
Rubber. Wooden, Ac. Also a new and fine assort
ment of head-dresses, hats, dress-dtps; bonnets, and
everything comprising a good stock of Millinery.
Wellsboro, Deo. 9,1863. " • ! r
ffljg f DENTISTRY.
O. B. PRICE,.
r\TTOULD return thanda to his numerous, patrons
W of Wellsboro and .surrounding country foe
their liberal patronage during^rdus'visit .with them,
and would respectfully announce that be 'jrJll remain
until Deo. 22d, 1563, which v wilTterminate his visit
in Wellsboro for this season. .Persons' needing bis*
serviceesare requested to call early, '
Office Room, No. 4, Holiday’s Hote^.’
Wellsboro, Dec, 9, 1863.
ESTRAT.
CAME to the enclosure of the'subscriber on or
about tho 20tb of Nan, onoßod IJaobaek Yearl
ing Heifer, some white on the tail and'belly. The
owner is requested to call and prove property, pay
■ charges, and take her away, or she will be disposed
df aoeordiog'to law. H. BOSE.
Sullivan, Dec. 9,186J-3t*
FARM FOB’ SALE
ADJOINING Wellsboro, ibe county seat of Tioga
Co. Pa., containing 155 135 clesredr-SO
woodland. The region is remarkably healthy.—
Churches, schools Ac., arc found in the village. There'
is a large and commodious mansion, surrounded by
ornamental trees.and shrubbery; ent.buildings large
%nd convenient, house' and barn supplied hy<a foun
tain of running water. It is well suited for k f a dairy
farm, for raising sheep nr bops. Large orchard of
apple and'pear treeSfChiefly grafted fruit—about 200
trees.' The orchard alone might bo made to pay the
interest upon'the coat of the whole property. It is
distant about 12 miles from the Tioga Railroad, which
connects with tho Erie Railroad at Corning; Leave
Cornibg at 7i a. m.,tako stage at Tioga Station, reach
Wellsboro about noon. Price of the property $5O per
acr e_one- fourth cash down, balance to suit conveni
ence of purchaser* Apply to
WM. E, MORRIS, Harlem R. R.,N. T. City.
JAMES LOWRBY, Wellsboro, Tioga Co. Pa.
JNO.W. GUERNSEY, Tioga, « « “
F. K. WRIGHT, Wellsboro,
' December 9, 1863-tf.
STRAY MARE.
BROKE into-the enclosure ot the Subscriber* on
.the 16th -alt, a SORREL' MARE/ about tea
years old, goad sited, with a white stripe in the fore
head, and one white bind leg, and one fore leg .white
to near the ankles very little white on the other two
feet, The owner is requested to come forward, prove
property, pay charges, and take"her away.
Jackson, Deo; 2,1863.*.. - WILSOK.
EXECUTOR’S NOTICE.
LETTERS testamentary having been‘.granted to
the subscriber on the-estate of Ellis L. ilill* r »
late of Delmar township, deceased, notice ‘is hereby
given to those indebted to make immediate payment,
■and those having claims to present them properly »*•
thenticated for settlement. ISRAEL STONE,
I>eo. 2,1863. \ Executor.
■ IWWTICB. r ‘
NOTICE is hereby given that the Jwts? “AS*
-counts of R. fl| Close,previous lo Jari. 1/18W,
has been placed Iq my hands for eollection, Persons
will please settle Immediately .sndwve
" . .. GEORGE &HAI*«
Farmington, N0y,,18.*.. ' 1
SULPHItE.OF 1
PBVG StOBB.
-i< a it