Proclamation , it will appear (asisbeheved) >5, that nothing is attempted beyondjwhit ia amp- J-|y juatiSed by the ConaUturioo. jCroe tfisform of ap oath ie given, bat namanis coerced to t»ke it.' - '■ ■ . The maul# only promised »pardon in esse be Wpluntarilylakee the oath.' The Constitution authorizes ,lba. Executive' to grant or withhold tbs pardon at bis own absolutadisarotion, and this includes the power to grant on'terms; as * ■ is fully .established by judicial and Other au thorities. It is also proffered that if in any of the Slates named a State Government shall be recognised and. guarantied'by'the United States, and that under it the State shall, (on the £: Constitutional oondition. be promoted against Invasion and domestic'violence. 1 * ■ The Constitutional obligations of the United ■ States to guarantee to every State in the Union ' a republican form of Government, and to pro tect the State in thecasesstated, is explicit and foil.'But why tedder the benefits'of tbis.pro ' vision to, a State Government set np. in this par ticular way f This'section of tbe-Constitnfion contemplates a case wherein tbeelement with-,- in a Slate favorable to republican-government -in tbe Onion may bid too feeble foe an opposite ; and hostile element external to qreven within ; the State! and snob are prdcieelythe cases with * which we are now dealing. • An attempt to guarahj* and protect a re ‘ vlvcd State Government COTB&uoted in whole,, "or iri preponderating part, from the very ele njeht against whose hostility and] violence it is 'to he protected, is simply absurd. ; ‘TJiere'mnst be.a test by which to. separate, the opposing elements so os to build'only from the sound, ' and that test is a sufficiently, liberal one wjiich accepts' ae sound whoever will make a awotn recantation of bis former movements, ■ ‘ Biit if it'be'proper to require' as it test of admission tb' the political bodyan oath of al legiance to (he United States, apdito the Unidn unfler.it, why. not a|sb to the'labvs and proo ‘ lamations in regard to Slavery f| ,• -TJioaeUwe and proclamations-were put forth' for the purpose of aiding in thefsnppression of tbe'Bebelllon. Togivetham the fullest effect, there bad to be a pledge for their-.maintainance. In my, judgement they have aided and will fur ther aid the cause for which they]'were intend ed "■ ~ ' J i V ■ • ■’ To now abandon them would be not only to relinquish a lever of power, but.woqld also be a.' cruel and astounding breac]i of faith.. I may add, at ibis point, l remain in .my present position I shall not, attempt to' retract or modify the Emanoijpation Procla mation, nor shall I return to 1 snvery any per son who isfreeby the terms olcthat proclama tion,tor by any of the acts of . Congress'. For these ahdbther reasons ills thought that support of these measures should.be included in the. oath, apd it, is believed that the Executive may lawfully claim it in return for pardon and Restoration of forfeited rights, which be has a ‘clear constitutional power to witfihold altogeth er,' ok grant upon the terms be shall deem- wi dest for the public interest. ' . ' '(lt should he observed also that this part of ihe-oatb is suhjebt'to the modifying and abro gating poveer ofiegielationandtoupreme judi cial decision.-. .0 , L proposed acquiescence, bf the National Executive in. any reasonable, temporary State nrrangoment for tbe freodpeoplfe is made .with lihe view of pdiaibly modifying 'the confusion and destitution which must at‘best attend all glasses total revolution of labor’through out whole*States. ‘ , ’ r .. It is hoped that tbe nlready deeply afflicted people 19 ‘(hose States inay.be somewhat more .ready to givo'up the cause of tbeip affliction, if to. this extent this vital matter he left to tbem 'eclveS, while, no power of the national execu tive to prevent an, abuse is-abridged by the proposition. .... ’The suggestion in tbe Proclamation'as to maintaining the.politioal framework of tbe State on what is called reconstruction,.is made in tbe hope that it might do good vtithout danger of harm. .It will save labor,-and avoid great con fusion. ■ B,ut why any proclamation now upon the subject? This subject is beset with (he con flicting views that the step might; bo delayed-too .Jong, on bo taken, top soon. ./ ' , In ,some States the elements for resumption pcemready for action, but remain inactive, ap parent!; for. want of a rallying! point—a plan ,of action.. Why shall A adopt the plan of B, rather .than B that of A?'And if A and B : should agree.how pan they know bat that the general Government here wili.regect their plan ? .dJyihe Proclamation a:plan ia.presented which may be accepted by them sis a rallying point, and- which they .are .assured inadvanoe will, not be rejected here. This may bring them to act sooner than they otherwise weald. The objections to a prematura presentation of a-plan by the National Executive consists in the danger of committees on points which could ha more safely left to further; developments. Care has'been taken to so'shape the docu ment asto avoid embarossment from this source, saying that Pn certain terms pertain classes will bo pardoned, with rigote restored. ' it is pot said that other classes and. other terms will jnever be included, saying that re construction will be accepted if presented in a , specific lt is not said-.it. wilt never be aocepted-Jn any ,other way. The movements T>y Staid action fpr Emancipation in several of the States not included in the; Emancipation Proclamation, .arc, matter of profound gratitude. And while IcjVnot repeat nor Retail what 1 hare'heretofare’Bo earnestly, urged upon this subject; my .general views and feelings' remain unchanged; and I trust that .Congress will omit no fair opportunity of aiding these im portant steps to the great consummation. In the midst of other care’s, however important, we must not lose sight of the fact ihat tha war power is stilt odr main reliance. To that f power alone can we lohk fer q. time to give confidence to this people in the contested re gions that the insurgent, power will not again overrun them. Until that confidence shall be established little can lie done''anywhere .for what is called reconstruction. J,i Hence onr.ohiefest care’ musti.etiil he dircot ,ed to the army and. navy, which-have thus far ■ borne their 1 harder part so nobly and well; and it may be eatoemd fortunate that in'giving the greatest efficiency to these indispensibls arms we do honorably recognize the gallant men :,from commander {to sentinel who compose them, ;; nnd to whom mor«4han to others the world ‘ innst stand indebted for the hpme.of'freedom disenthralled, regenerated, enlarged, and per petuated. —, . ABRAHAM LINCOLN., December 8, 18G3. - '• following Proclamation is'appended £He fitauge. PROCLAMATION, - Whenat, In- and by the 1 Constitution of the United States, it is that the 'President haft" bare fewer to grant ref rites r ahd par dons foroffenroagaiuzltba tfhlted 3tates,,»g cept in caeerof impeachment j and ;; ‘ > Whereas, A.-Bebeliibn now exists whereby (be loyal Stats'GtoveAtoenb (if several State* have for a long, time been sdhverted, afld mn-" ny perspns have commiMed-andjtte now guilty of treason against the United States, And whereas, with rtTefende tosaa'rßbellion and; treason, law* have been enacted iy Congress declaring forfeitures and confiscation of prop erty and liberation of slaves, all Upon - terms [tml coniitk>nathereinstatcd.; and-also de claring that the President,was thereby author ized at tony time thereafter, by proclamation, to extend, to. persons .who’ may have-; par-, tioipated in the.existing rebellion in any State, or part thereof,. pardon and amnesty, with snob exceptions and at such times (and on such conditions as he may deem expedient for tbe public welfare'; apd - Whereat, The' Congressional declaration for limited and conditional pardon accords with tbe well-established judicial exposition of the pardoning power, and whereas with reference to tbe said Rebellion the President of-tbe Uni ted States bos issued several proclamations with provisions in regard to the liberation of slaves; and W-hertas, it is now desired by some persons heretofore engaged in the said -Rebellion to re sume their allegiance to the United States, and to reinaugurate loyal State Governments within- and for their respective States; there fore I Abraham Lincoln, President of-the Uni ted States, do proclaim, declare and make known to all persons who have directly or by. implication participate in the'existing- Rebell ion, except as hereafter excepted, that a full pardon is hereby granted to them and eoeh of them, with restoration of all rights of prop erty, except as to slaves and in property en cases where the rights of third parties shall have intervened; and npon tbe condition that every snob person..shall,take and .subscribe an oath, and thenceforward keep and maintain said oath : inviolate, and which - oath shall be registered for permanen t preservation, and shall be of the tenor and effect following, to wit; ' I, ——, do solemnly swear in presence of Almighty God, that I will henceforth faithfully support, protect, and defend tbe Constitution of the United States and tbs Union'of the States themselves, and that I will, in like manner, abide by and'faithfully support all acts of Con gress passed during the existing Rebellion with reference to slaves, so long and so .far os not repealed, or held void by Congress or by decision ,of tbe Supreme Court, and that I will in like fanner abide by and faithfully sup port all proclamations of tbe President made daring tbe existing Rebellion having reference to slaves, so long and so far as not modified or declared void by decision of the Supreme Court. So help me God. The persons excepted from the benefits of tbe foregoing provisions are, .all who are; or shallhave-- been civil or- diplomatic officers or agents of the so-called Confederate Govern ment ; all who have left judicial stations under -the United States to aid tbe Rebellion; all who are or shall have have been military or naval officers of said so-called Confederate Govern ment above tbe rank of colonelln the army, of lieutenant in tbe navy; all who left seats in tbe United States Congress to afd the Rebellion. Ail who resigned commissions in the army or navy of the. United States, and afterwards aided the Rebellion, and all who have engaged in any way in treating colored persona or white persons in charge of such, otherwise than-law*, folly as prisoners of war, and which person may have been found in the United States ser vice as soldiers, seamen or in any other capacity. ‘ And I do further, proclaim, declare, sod make known, that whenever, in any of tbe States of Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana, Mississ ipppi, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, South Carolina, sod North Carolina, a number of'persons, not less than one tenth in number of tbe votes cast in such States, at the Pres idential election of the year of our-Lord, - 1860, each having taken the oath aforesaid; and not having since violated it, and being a qualified voter by the election law of the State existing immediately before the so-called act of Secess ion, and excluding all others, shall re-establish a State Government, which shall be republican, and in no wise contravening said oath, each shall be recognized as the true Government of the State, and the State shall receive thereun der tbe benefit of the constitutional provision which declares that: ■ ’ “ The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican form of Gov ernment, and shall protect each of them against Invasion, on application of the Legislature, or of the Executive, when the Legislature cannot be convened, against domesteo violence." And Ido further proclaim, declare, and make known that any provision wbiob may be adopted by such State Government in relation to the freed people, of such State which shall recognize and declare their permanent free dom, provide for their education, and which > may yet be ; consistent, as a temporary ar rangement, with their present condition as a laboring, landless, and homeless class, will not be objected to'by the national Executive. And it is suggested as not improper, that, in con structing a loyal State government in any State, the name of the State, the boundary, the subdivisions, the constitution, and the general, code of laws, as before the rebellion, be main tained, subject only to the modifications made necessary by thq. conditions hereinbefore sta ted, and snob others, if any, not contravening said conditions,, and which may be deemed ex pedient by those'{framing the new State gov ernment. To avoid misunderstanding, it may be prop er to say that this proclamation, so far as it re lates to State government, bjd no reference to States wherein loyal State governments have nil the white' been maintained. And for the same reason, It may be proper to' farther say, that whether, membera sent to Congress from any State' shall he admitted to seats constitu tionally, rests exclusively with the respective Houses, and not to any extent with the Exec utive. And still further,.that this proclam ation is intended to present the people of the States wherein the national authority has been suspended, and loyal State governments have been subverted, a mode in and by which the national authority and loyal State governments ! may be re established within said States, of in any of them ; and, while the mode presehced is the best the.Exeoutive can suggest with his present impressions, it must not be understood that no other possible 'mode would be ao ceptable» - ’ -* Given under my hand at the City of Wash ington, the" eighth day of December, A. D. one thousand . eight' hundred and sixty-three, and of the independence of the United States of-America the eighty-eighth. By the President, . Annumt Lmcout. Ww.H.SswanD/Stoietaryof State. i THE TIOGA COUNTY AGITATOR. THE AGITATOR. JI, |U ANP .PROf RIEXQB. V WELMBOEOUOH. PENK’Ai WEDNESDAY,; *: DEOEMBERJ6, 1863 ' GOOD OUT 0> KAZAHETH. - -We ars awara-that manywill consider wild, if not. absurd, tbs. declaration that the'final blow to Slavery, and the restoration of unity, 'will come through the non-alavebolding whites of the Sonthi Yet Such seems certain 'to be ,the fact. .We have studied the matter closely, and feel warranted in making the declaration. i The non-slavehoiding whites of the former and present Slave States have been misunder stood; and- entirely misplaced in the political scale. While we of the North have been giv ing free expression to oar sentiments and 1 con victions, these men have been' thinking oat the great problem, to solve which has already cost as oo mnch blood and treasure. They have; also been treasuring up; their wrongs, waiting' with a patience which is most wonderful, for the- folnessof their time. < ' We have recently had an extended converse-, tion with the last of a ' long line r of slave holders, a’native of Prince George county, — that,Egypt of Maryland.. He is a mechanic, and a most excellent one too, long a member of the M. E. Church, South', nnd altogether a very intelligent man. We seldom meet men who evince more thought in; their conversation, or who are more thoroughly conversant with-past and current political history. , - In the coarse of the conversation he re marked that oven , the Republican party, with which he bad never acted, failed to compre hend the magnitude of the evil of Slavery. Said be, “ there can be but two parties to this contest—-one upholding slavery and the other unqualifiedly .against it. ■ The first is a party of traitors and the last a party of true.friends to mankind.’' He farther said that he bad been familiar with the doctrine of secession for more than thirty-five years. | That the slaveholders of hia section, generally, had taught it openly amofig themselves fori that period of time. That there had always been rank abolitionists in every neighborhood,—men who abhorred the syetem, who denounced it among them selves, but' stHLprivatelyand abhorred it principally because it always presented a hos tile front to democratic ideas. “To the abo litionists of the North,” said he, " tbe South owes a debt of gratitude. Rut for the hope they gave the slaves, of possible freedom in a not remote future, tbo.entire region in which I - lived, as well as every other portion of the densely enslaved Sooth, would, years ago, have -been baptised in rivers bf blood. This hope,” he continued,' “ encouraged the slave to bide hie time. And no fact is better understood among our silent anti-slavery men than this. It is also recognized by many slave-holders.” He proceeded- to say that with the aristoc racy of slaveholders on the one hand and tbe pro-slavery democracy on the other, there re mained no part for Southern anti-slavery men but silence and patient 1 endurance. The elec tion of Mr. Lincoln gave them, as he feelingly expressed it—“such a qnality of joy as they never before felt.” The yoke of servitude had, chafed mote than the negro’s neck. It had borne ns heavily, perhaps more heavily, open the non-slave-holders bf tbe South than upon the negro. They felt crashed and suffocated. -Still, they waited. - . , This man'washed bis hands of the crime bf human servitude 1 early.-' He united himself with the E. Church with an enlightened faith in God, and in his providence. Long be fore this war oame.on r he says, the priests and' bishops of tbe churches South, endeavored to ingraft tbe scion | of rebellio'n ’upon tbe church stock. They taught the divinity of ' Slavery wherever and whenever it seemed ju- I dioious. They went forward as pioneers of outrage and stumbled at no dnty imposed upon them by their slavebreeding principals. Thus tbe religions structure of Southern society be came rotten from crown to sole. Be elites another significant fact. There are a few'good Onion men among (he Maryland -slaveholders, and from them the slave never, ; - f* * or very seldom runs amay. They give them passes to come to Washington during the hol idays, and they return home, almost without exception. But the Secesh slaveholder has no such privilege. Ha finds himself poorer in human property every day, and never ventures to give' bis chattels posses to go out of the neighborhood. . We have detailed the substance of this con versation for the information of all, but more for the benefit of the men who af '■foot to be tender of slavery. , These Copper heads of the north make ten times the hullaba loo about the rights of the slaveholder that the slaveholders themselves do. I have seen and conversed ’ with many 1 owners of human chat tels, or who hold to. the legitimacy of the sys tem, but have never seen one so strenuous in his -defence of the system, orao apparently outraged by the anti-slavery party, as many a poor demagogue' that we wot of in Tioga. These northern demagogues, once located in a elavebolding community, prove the most ac complished practical. amalgamationists. They have a great horror of theoretical amalgama tion, but if the reputable peopfe-in.slavehold ing communities- are to be believed they arc quite thorough practical amalgamationists'. In ;faot, the only difference between them and Wendell Phillips is, that the latter is an advo cate of the amalgamation of races in a phil osophical and political sense,, and the former are ,practical. amalgamationists in, a social sense. It is well for the people to understand the distinction. ■ , SJDITOBIAI, OOBEEBPONDBIfCE. !W ASHtNGtoir; Deoem her 8,1863. y ihere jsgreat jpjjn this qapital over the of-, gamzation of the House with loyal officers and { -loyal *promise; The Hbdse has - neveir Bad a purer and - hpnester man ■to preside over its stormy (un) deliberations than Schnyler Col fax. 1 think T wrote of him before, and will not farther repeat myself. The House has also elected, an honest, able, and!efficient Clerk— Edwajd McPherson, 'of car own State, and a member of the 36tb and 37th. Congress. He is the’-man whom Curry, of Alabama, once described as “ a singed oat.” Southern men did not' often feel bis claws, bnt once was suf ficient. He spoke by the record. The loyal people will not fall to rejoice over the defeat and hnmiliation of Emerson Eth eredge, the recnSanteont e-outer. -His fate is the fate of all men who forswear themselves and. stifle the divinity that stirs within them. When, .last year, the tide seemed .turning against the Government, he thought opposition to the Administration, the purchase of contin uance :in place. Like all corrupt and con scienceless incn,,he mistook the nature of this straggle. .. ; • ' Up to nine o’clock of Sunday night, Emer son Etheredga showed a persistant determin ation to perpetuate his own succession to.the office bf Clerk of the House by the grossest of frauds.' Under tfie letter of a law enacted on tbe 3d of March lest, for the purpose of pre venting the reception of member* from States in rebellion, he ruled ont, or refused to pnt'on the roll, tbe names of members from Mary land. But the fraud was so gross that thoHonse, by a test vote, forced him to do his duty. « Why blame Emerson Etberedge ? He only did the will of a. faction which seeks to accom plish nothing honestly, or openly, that can be accomplished bv Traod and force. He Could not be aNJflpperhead in good standing with other and better proclivities. But he has met tbe fate he invited. He is to-day a shorn Sam son, despised by tbe very men whom he damned bis sonl to serve and conciliate. The administration goes into Congress with greater strength than its most sanguine friends hoped for. The factionists built largely upon the probable defection of the *• independents,” as Messrs. Hale, Tracy, and others were de nominated. Yet all these *' independents” are zealous supporters of fho war policy of the President, os of the financial policy of Mr. Chase. On ail test votes they will stand firmly by the Government. Tbe unessential is of no value in these times. Their election can no longer be regarded as calamitous. If any man voted for them thinking they would feel obligated to do the dirty work of faction ists, snob will find themselves roundly cheated. M. fl. 0. Washington, December 0, 1853, I last night went to Odd Fellows Hall and listened to a lecture by Horace Greeley. His theme was— ; “The Question of tbe Hour,” Tbe ball wag densely crowded, and though be spoke nearly two hours nobody seemed tired. The ’ change in public opinion here is won derful. Four years ago Horace would hare spoken in Washington at bis peril. Last night he was applauded to tbe echo. Of course tbe subject was ably and exhaustively bandied. I ought not to forget, also, that Frederick Douglas, who is guilty of a skin not so light as James Buchanan’s or Jeff. Davis’s, spoke to tbe Waebingfpn people last night. Such was the rush to- hear this most remarkable man that hundreds were unable to get in the hall. He spoke also on Monday evening. Every body is amazed at tbe eloquence and solidity of Ibis'sable orator and thinker. ..... It is indeed a wonderful progress that bos been made since I first set foot in Washington. Then the pistol and the bludgeon ruled the roast, and white men were mobbed far opin ion’s sake. These things are now unknown. Even treason may be preached by Copperhead Congressmen without subjecting tbe preacher to more than scorn and contempt. The world does mow- M. H. C. Remarkable Incident at- Cocht.—James Sutherland, who. was on trial at' Indianapolis fur four days far killing Roddy A. Small, was -acqoitted on Tbnrsday. His wife and three children were in court at the time. After the announcement of the verdict there followed a scene, says the Indianapolis Journal, not often witnessed in a court room. The prisoner that wss—a prisoner now no longer—fell upon his kpees, and lifting his eyes toward heaven ot tered an earnest prayer of thanksgiving and praise to the God, whose justice and mercy bad been ao wonderfully manifested in him. The prayer was irresistibly eloquent, and when Amen was pronounced,. Amen came back in re sponse from every part of the'room, and there were teors in every eye. All rose to their feet; the acquitted man advanced and took each Ju ryman by the hand witb a fervent “ God bless you I You have saved an innocent - man from shame and disgrace; you have taken a foul stain from my name. God bless you I And to the .prosecutor, whose conduct in.the case com mands admiration from all fur fairness and honesty, he gave a cordial “ God bless you I” The old white-haired father, whose firm trust bad supported the. son in the dark hours of trial, now melted in tears, pf joy that bis hoy was acquitted of guilt, and bis-iiwn-good .name remained untarnished. The 'fJudge, wiping his eyes of- the tears that had come unbidden, ordered the Sheriff to adjourn the court. ' How the Sotniks Sleep*.— Ton would, I think, wonder to see men lie right down in the dusty road, under the full noon son of Tennes see and Alabama, and fall asleep in a minute. I bake passed hundreds of suoh sleepers. A dry spot ia a good mattress; the flap of a blan ket quite a downy pillow. You would wonder, I think, to see a whole-army corps, as I have, without a shred of a tent to' bless’ themselves with, lying anywhere and everywhere' in all night rain and not a growl nor a grumble. I -was carious to m» whether the pluck and good nature were vraahed-onfqf them, endeo l made my way out of the snogs dry quarters 1 am ashamed to sky 1 occttma. at five iq-tho mor .ring, to see J»hat-water%ftd dons-'wißMhem, ; Nothing 1 Each soaked blanket hatched ofl{ ' As jolly a'fellow as yon would wish to see, flfffd- 1 dy, dripping, halfflouoderedrfortfa they came, wringing themselves out as they want, with tbe look of a troop of “ wot down” roosters in a full rqiq storm, plumageetbalf-maet, but hearts 'trumps every time. _lf j they swore—and some did—it,.was with a laugh; the sleepy..fires were Stirred up ; then came the coffee, andthey were as good as new. V Blood is thicker than wafer ? r —BVP fttykr. 7. ~Z'Zj ' „ WAR MEWS- . ’News from Texas reached 'Washington on -Saturday, Gen,Banks Announces that forces under Major. Gen. Washburns have seised the approaches to Matagorda. 1 . Tbe Rebel garrison of Port Esperanzo, consisting of 1,000 men, fled at the approach of par troops, first’blowing ap the magazines. A high gale prevented the co-operation of tbe gunboats with tbe land forces, or the' enemy ‘would . probably have fallen into our hands. Ten guns were captured, ranging from 24 to lOOrponn'ders. The com mand of Matagorda Bay substantially gives os the control of Centralaod Western Texas, and all the important points on the east coast except Galveston. The town of Matagorda, situated on the bay, at tbe mouth of tbe Colorado River, has a large trade, and jis the depot for 1 the produce of the Colorado! Valley, which is one of •the richest parts'pf Texas. Richmond papers say j that Longstreet’s com mand, is at -Rutledge, 30 miles north-west of Knoxville, on the road to Bristol, South-West ern.Virginia, and in a comparatively safe posi tion. His rear was skirmishing with our cav alry, but cur pursuit is | said not to have been vigorous. A rebel raiding party had penetra ted to Mount Sterling; Ky., encountering, a body of our trpops whom |t claims to . have routed after a stout fight. Tbe .Rebels then burned tbe Court-House' and jail, and returned to Abington, Va., with Jsloo, 000 in greenbacks in the way of booty, A Louis Ville dispatch says the guerrillas in Cumberland, Wayne, end Clinton Counties are very troublesome, and often make raids across the’ Cumberland, destroying property, stealing horses, antf conscripting citizens. 'They are generally believed to be Rebel citizens, who take this method of robbing the Union mso.—- Four thousand and two hundred-Chattanooga’ prisoners have passed through Louisville. 1 Gen. McPherson, commanding at Yicksbarg, lias issued orders fur {changing Col. B. O. Far rar's 2d Missintppi Artillery into cavalry, to operate against the guerrillas which infest tbe lower part of river, Gen. Gillmore threw a few more shells info Charleston on Thursday last, which (the Reb els say) did no damage worth noticing. The latest news from the Chesapeake is that she left Shelburne, Npva Scotia, on Saturday morning, after shipping some men and taking in’coal. I ' Washington's Opinion, of the NoVth. In a letter of Washington to his friend Lund, in Jnne 1776, occurs the following passage, in which be most graphically describes the pecu liarities of Northern and Southern men as sol diers, and gives a preference for the qualities of the Northern men;! the justice of which the present campaign is likely to verify : “We have lately iila'd a general review, and I have much pleasure in informing you that we made a better appearance, and went through our exercises njore like soldiers than I had ex pected. The Southern States are rash and blamable in the judgement they form of their brethren of the four [ New. England States. I da assure, with all my partiality fur my own countrymen, and prejudicesngainst them, I can but consider them os the flower of the Amer ican army. They i are strong, vigorous and healthy people, inured to labor and toil, which our people seldom arc ; and though our hot and eager spirit' may suit better in a sudden and desperate -enterprise, yet, in the way in which wars are now carried on, you must look for permanent advantages only from that' patient and persevering temper which is the result of labor. The New Englanders are cool,'considerate ana sensible while we are all fire and fury. ' Likejitheir' climate, they main tain an equal temperature, whereas we cannot shine bat we barn. They have an uniformity and. stability of character, to which the people of no other States Jia ve any pretensions; hence they must and wilf'always preserve their influ ence in this great dmpire. Were it not fur the drawbacks and disadvantages which the influ ence of their popular opinions on the subject of government have on their army, they soon might, and probably will, give law to it,'' tone The Skows \ndi Seas- of Mars.—Mars has lately presented opportunity for the examination of i«f surface.—The constitution of this planet more nearly approaches that of the earth than any other in the system. Snow can be detected atj both poles, the white circle increasing in winter and decreasing in summer. It has.been found ihnt the center of this region of snow does not! coincide, exactly with the poles of the plane|. And in this respect it is like the earth, whose greatest cold is not exact ly at the pole. A greenish belt with deep bays and, inlets near the equator, which is suspected to be a sea, has recently been detected. The termination of snowy region is very sharp an'd abrupt, giving the idea of lofty cliff. A reddish island in the above sea has also been.de tetected. The probability of Mars being in habited is greater than that of any other plan f et. Its density is very nearly that of the earth. The heat and light of the sun would only be half of that enjoyed on our globe; but then this may be compensated by an atmosphere which may form a Warmer wrapping than ours and by a more sensitive eye. A great part of the surface of the globe is covered with snow fhr half of the year; the people in Mars would -not be worse off than we are in Canida, and life is tolerable there., People emigrating from this planet to Mars would find that they were only half as heavy os they, are here) which some would not regard as a disadvantage.— Leiich. i , Lasge Locomotive.— The largest locomotive in the Unitid States, if‘not in the world," has just been built for the Philadelphia and Read ing Railroad Co. It has twelve driving wheels 43 inches in diameter, and the stroke of piston 28 inches. The firs hoses 10 feet 8 inches long, and 41|inches wide.' Inside diameter 48 hush cb. Tbs weight of the locomotive whoa in ran-', ninjf order {»W0,320 poood*.' Tbia koomotift is iirtended fora pushing one.to fimss tbs heavy coal-trains up the grades of the road. It designed by Mr. 'James Hillholland, and' its construction superintended by him. 'V....; ; . ;CAt»iolr.. , 5 my wife, PHILKNA -2: WBBB, bu T f loft my bed and hoari without any just cams or provocation; I hereby caution all perrons against harboring or trusting: her on ‘sny account, as I uai pay so debts of her contraeting.after this date. VALENTINE WEBB. . Delmar, Dec. 16,1863-31.* _ THE ATLASTIC IHOSTBU, A' Magazine of Literature, Art, and JPbhitet f 18 CSiygESAU-T'ESCOOmiED Ar : THE BEST AMERICAN MAGAZINE I The Thlrteonth VolnniG Of the Avlahtic commences with the number for January, 1864. Its commencement affords the Put. Ushers an occasion to eay that the Atlsxtio has at tained a circulation and prosperity never equalled by :any American magaaine of its elans. The prosperity of the Atlantic enables its eon doctors to employ the most eminent talent of tW country in its eoiums. All the best known writiis in American Titerature, contributing constantly to its pages, give it the sole right to be known as our na tional magaeine. Its staff comprises tbs following names among its leading contributors James Bussell Dowell, ’ Oliver W. Holmes, ’• - , Henry W. Longfellow, John G. Whittier, Louis Agassis,- ■ • Gail Hamilton, ■ Eaiph Waldo Emerson, E. P. Whipple, ' Nathaniel Hawthorne, Bayard'Taylor, ■ Charles Somner, Charles B. Norton, Kobert Dale Owen, .. Frauds Burkinan, ■ George W. Curtis, ' John G. Palfrey, C. C. Haxeweli, , George 8. Hillard, T. W. Higginson, ' Henry Giles, , Anther “Margret Howth” Walter Mitchell, Mrs. Julia W. Howe, - Henry T. Tnckerman, Mrs. A. D. T. Whitney, John Weiss, T. Buchanan Bead,' Francis Wayiand, Jr, William Cullen Bryant, Mrs.H.B.Stowa,- , Harriet Martlnean, ’. “Ik Marvel,” . David A.’ Wasson, “The Country Parson,” Bose Terry, Harriet K. Prescott, Robert T. S. Lowell, J. T. Trowbridge, Josiah P. Quincy, Prof. A. D.- White, Edward B. Hale, F. Sheldon. THE ATLANTIC FOB 1864 Will be in do wise inferior to the previous volomtf, biit it will be tbe constant aim of the Publishers to advance (be bigb -standard already established for tbs magatine. Id furtherance of this aim/ they have se cured for tbeir new volume several FEATURES"*)? PECULIAR INTERESf '! Among these they are now able to announce defi nitely that ROBERT BROWNING will contribute seven] New Poems; -Zj NATHANIEL HAWTHORNS will print bis New Romance in the columns, of the Atlantic, commen cing, probably, with tbe February number; HENRY WADSWORTH LQNGFELLOW will publish in tbe Atlantic some Cantos of bis Transla tion of Dante's “ Divina Gommedia" ; MRS. HARRIET BEECHER STOWE begins, in the. January number,'* series of capital sketches, to be continued through leveraljnontbs. with tbe title cf “ House and Home Papers, by Christopher Crow field"': ■. ' - j. T. TROWBRIDGE has written a New Novel, which will be commenced in tbe Atlantic during tbe next volume; - PROF. LOUIS AGASSIZ will continue those ad mirable articles upon different branches of n&tiral science which have constituted so interesting aid im portant a feature in the late volumes of the Atlantic. Terms.—The Atlantic te. for sale by all Bookand Periodical Dealers. - Price 25 cents a num ber. Subscriptions for the year, $3.00, postage paid. Club Prices.—Two Copies for one year, $5.00, and each additional subscription at the same rate; and an Extra Copy gratis for every Club of .Ten Subscri bers ; or Eleven Copies for $26.00r In mil Club$ t tvbierihert pay their own portage, 34 cent# per year. Specimen numbers sent gratis on receipt of four cents for postage; . ? TICKNOR A FIELDS, Publishers, I? 135 Washington Street, Boston. CAUTION, ALL persons ore hereby cautioned against purcha sing a Judgment against John A.'VoDeise, pay able to James H. Smith, for I will never pay it ‘ Charleston, Deo. 9,1865.' JOHN A. VANCIBB. ‘ CHRISTMAS 1 GIFTS. MRS. A. J. SOFIELD will open for sale at her MUlintery Rooms, a choice variety of Christ mas presents, which will be sold low. She U now re* ceiving from New,York a carefully selected assort ment of Toys of every - variety, China,.Alabaster, Rubber. Wooden, Ac. Also a new and fine assort ment of head-dresses, hats, dress-dtps; bonnets, and everything comprising a good stock of Millinery. Wellsboro, Deo. 9,1863. " • ! r ffljg f DENTISTRY. O. B. PRICE,. r\TTOULD return thanda to his numerous, patrons W of Wellsboro and .surrounding country foe their liberal patronage during^rdus'visit .with them, and would respectfully announce that be 'jrJll remain until Deo. 22d, 1563, which v wilTterminate his visit in Wellsboro for this season. .Persons' needing bis* serviceesare requested to call early, ' Office Room, No. 4, Holiday’s Hote^.’ Wellsboro, Dec, 9, 1863. ESTRAT. CAME to the enclosure of the'subscriber on or about tho 20tb of Nan, onoßod IJaobaek Yearl ing Heifer, some white on the tail and'belly. The owner is requested to call and prove property, pay ■ charges, and take her away, or she will be disposed df aoeordiog'to law. H. BOSE. Sullivan, Dec. 9,186J-3t* FARM FOB’ SALE ADJOINING Wellsboro, ibe county seat of Tioga Co. Pa., containing 155 135 clesredr-SO woodland. The region is remarkably healthy.— Churches, schools Ac., arc found in the village. There' is a large and commodious mansion, surrounded by ornamental trees.and shrubbery; ent.buildings large %nd convenient, house' and barn supplied hyeo. 2,1863. \ Executor. ■ IWWTICB. r ‘ NOTICE is hereby given that the Jwts? “AS* -counts of R. fl| Close,previous lo Jari. 1/18W, has been placed Iq my hands for eollection, Persons will please settle Immediately .sndwve " . .. GEORGE &HAI*« Farmington, N0y,,18.*.. ' 1 SULPHItE.OF 1 PBVG StOBB. -i< a it