“i; - jernis of Public &t OHi -„, nn i CO TJSII AUITATfRis published J'l-diy Morning, and mailt I'toeubßonbers rfl-'^.riaßCinal* lo P rice °f ' ; DOUAR EBB AN&BM,,®Sf i advance. It is intended ko notify every ‘ - term-for whiehfisfhas paid shall IW r-«a“ t(]a fig i^e,«jiithßi>lt6|ed'label on the UlMfSh Lpefc' Thep«tp»r»illJUien be stopped mf Thorwfmittance ar can be bronghfcSnideht; to-the t|* n i J nit la.-- 1 ■. _*is i*taU:-?n>T ,u.. k&i’ i^Beiil , -J*^^r'SbJ^h'SP»nhty J , steadily in ere ast hg ipre elation real*-’ ;itl lljr ?. rr neighborhood in the Cbuifty. Itissent t)|i" l0 °' ,L e tif any aubscriber within the county [■* most convenient ftogt pffioe may be 5 llnispipaper incltt 's*’**■ 1 ’■ ' ‘ 1 DIKECi fBTSTAi FOtN HOTEL. ■ ®avid Hart, Priorsi you- • aliened hens leave to alienee to his old “ n „J 1„ U.c public generally? t be has t.aken f * ndS - nnf the oW sw»d and' flip jitup in good d intends to keep it ns ]ft Hotel. J» le ' i 1" , pa rcd to the traveling sUbli " K nnd “ g " d n&m ”ilart ° D fed Pricts to suit tlip times. M||VIP HART. L oivret ae-Bi^ferii^oßi,- 1 & COUNSELLORS AT LAW, will i T luiua lb. Court of Tioga M and McKean [Wellsboro , Feb. 1, c. s. D.IBTT, DEJ tIST, , , -! /OFFICE at tie res?4« DCO near-the 5 Academy. All mirk pertaining to line of businefs do“,ic promptly ana W - LLL - Lmb ■ ' 22, 1558.] warrouted. PICK I SSO'N fffiVSE CORKI X <;, »^ proprictor< t» ami frum^W; ■' i.'V. ■ Bsdrtpnlhi' ■n i ,ic!a*n*tfw*»>- ■ELK LAND, TIOGA ci(|KN-SA. tfill visit patients in all part, of = orre «ire them for treatment at Ins houj (i. [June l i,] J, EMEUI,f. _ • ITTORN V ET and COUNSEAtiOK AT LAW ■’A Tioga Co., Will derate bt. +*- ....insivcly to the practice tjfvlaw. Collections SfS'S a. .'>«■» ’Wr'ffsr*- vaoii- „, v — ’ p%; >>S\LVASIV i'HOUSE. fmnr 0/ J/ciiu Etrccl md il‘t Al-fiJic, Velhloro, Fa. J. W. BIGOSY, PKOfiEJETOR. nVpular Hotel, having bcSoi refitted and re furmdicd throughout, is now open to the public as_ a 4r;t-clasS boose. tl ■- ■' IZIiK WAUTOinT; HOUSE, a. V. VERMILYEA, FUOPUIFTUR. Gaines, Tioga CpttWy. Fa - - THIS is a new hotel 'located wilhuf easy necess.o the b"»t fishing and hunting grjmf-ds In Northern ,. t No pains will bo spared •fo{j'i i te .accommodation , f pleasure seekers tytd the travels public. . - .April 12; 1860. -f$ C. C. CAffIF^EEU, BARBER 'A XV HAlliti) UESSER; SIKH’ in the rear of the Post OJlfpfe. Everything in his liiu-.will he- done ns promptly us it an be doneiiu the city saloons, preparations for re vering dandruff, and the hair fof sale Map Ikiir and whiskers dyed n|y color. Call and 'm. WelUborb, Sept. 22, ISO'-b- ' THE CORNS SG George VJ. Pratt, Edited r-.nd roprie'tjor. ts published at Corning, Sicilian) Co.. N. Y., at One I Dollar and Fifty Cents per ya£r,' in n<h anec. the I.mraal is Republican in politic|;.at!d has a circuln t m rcaplting into every pint oranUiuhcn duality. Tjiosa desirous of c\U'ndiug theif business into Hint uoilUiQ adjoining it an excellent ad? rertkiug medium. ■" W E teVb«LU<£ 3BQTEI, W'PILSBOR'OvifB, PA. .E. S. FARIi, - - - fl i? - PROPRIETOR. * [rornwrly of the UnitetJ Hott I) Haring leaded this well knot n%d popular Houfo. sdieUa the patronage of the |i~. p. M ijh. attentive Hiohlisiag waiters,.togelherfW ' the Proprietors knowle-lgo ot the business, hc--s<Jp ? tu mako the stay of who stop "with pleasant aud i iVclUboro, May 31, 1860, /,'* j| k ■ piETlinE '. TOILET GLASSES, Certificates EiO-ravings, Needle \VoJP£'fc., ic„ framed in tu neaeit manner, in pltfm' Old ornamented Gilt. Rosa Wood, Black Walnut, Oatj&labngany, <f=. \ er .- • uni leaving anvarUcio fog frartffcig. can receive them n«t day framed in any style tUjV'ivlaU and bung for ,ie “- Bpeci “ e s“ at sMiffcg POOR sms. E. B. BEWEpIJDW, D.,' TITOCLD inform the lleis permanently W loaned in’ Elkland Tioga .Co I’.L. and U prepared by thirty yearn' qxfceMonce to treat all dis-- eisM of,-the eyes and their ijpf/endagcs on scientific principles, and that'he eh nftu re without. bob lb.it ■dreadful disease, called St.- EViitns -pance. {Cioica Saudi fm..) and will alien'd other business tn tho line of Pliysis-and SunroVy- Eikland Boro, ‘August S, 1600. ' ___ jiyj - EIV FL’ODII ANIL FEE!) STORE IN WEtL'S^OiRO. Tlic subscriber would respectful? f inform the people of Wcllaboro and vicinity til jit lie; ,as opened a FLOUR & EEEIS STORE one door above Wriitbt’s FUiur, Store, on Mum St., •whore he wjU keep cJnsiantlJ op band as, good sms lortmcntnf FLOUR’and EKED.ns can bo found m the market, which be will sell cheap for cash. Aiso, * large assortment of j: .* Choice Winrspond U^nor*, a superior quality", nod vfcirrarted free from adul teration. which he/frill sell IS) Lumbermen and otberb *at wholesale, cheaper than other establishment in Horthem Pennsylvania. I J. J* EAiON. WcllsboTO, DccVlfl, lSf)0;| _ ' ~ pIIAHLESTON FL ? Fto~MILLS.- \J WRIOHT SC I , Haring secured the best mills in tpe Cpunty, ore Dorr Inpared lo do l' j Custom Worb, lerchaut WorK, find ia fact everything thaf in Couctrj Mill;, fo as to give pc/fecfc' . J'LOui, EIEAI AWD TEED, AT WlltfLESAli* OH HETAIL, at out store in at the mill- Cosh or • -Goods exchanged for the trtarket price. AU gpuds duliccrtd freti within the eorpo ffatunu & BAILEY. * Welhboro, Feb. 1.% 186 M 5, ~ FASHIONABLE MILtINERV SHOP,, MAIN ST., WELtSBOEO. MISS PAULINK SMITH Fas just purchased hoi FALL AND WINTER GOODS, Consisting of Straws of, all kinds, Pattern Kat i,. Bloomer Hats, Flowers, Velvets, Silks of all kinds, ■»nd io fact , ‘ ALL r KINDS OF',TRIMMINGS. She solicits a call from the iadics of Wellsboro and 'vicinity, feeling cunhdcnt that ' her goods will inspection, «nd compare favorably withf ose of any establish-, ■Met in the bounty in regard |f| price. - MS' BLEACHING AND} PRESSING 'done inn Superior manner, ■ ■ . ; Room at the residence of C. Williams, oppo site U,S. Hotel, up-stavrs. ' , Ret. 2, 1851.' . ; "VIEW WHEAT FLOUR, tip top end cheap, at i' •; WRlfifll'S. s - 'OM. Tuesday Jivemity —About fifty teachers an swered tii their names at the calling of the roll. Mr, Lewis Boding, Misses Sarah D. Rouse, and Martha Pcet, were constituted a Committee to “pneuro the names of those wishing to be .pome members of the Institute.” The foil i\v ing were appointed Critics: Miss Anna R. Kelsey, Mi»s Harriet Sheffer, and Mr. J. G. Lowrev. Lecture by Rev. ,T. F. Calkins. Subject— “ 'Woman ns n teacher.” The rending was lis tened to with interest by a large and attenthe audience. At its conclusion, a vote of thanks wits extended’the lecturer with the request of a copy for publication. The question, “ Ought prizes to be given in school?” was discussed by Messrs. John I. ■"Mitchell, J.'D. Vandusen, Prof’s. Allen, Johns, and J. A. Knapp, Esq., approved the plan of giviftgqjmcs ;■ but “instead of award ing them to the'Ticsf scholars, he would give them to the biggest dunce, that all might ex ert, themselves to get ouitof the way.” Decided in the negative. Aojournrd to meet at 9 o’clock next day. Wednesday Mnrniny—'i'Ue roll was called. Snging, tiv the choir. Mi-s Julia A, Enswnrth. resigned her position as Secretary, and 11, R. Softer was elected to fill the vacancy. A vote of thankS was extended to Miss Ensworth f. r her services. Spelling by J. D. Vandusyn. “With spel ling commences! the first education.”. He con sidered it “an excellent plan to have the pupil write out the words'on slate or paper, making the dye the orgjiii to be trained ; y«t in oiTuneo (ion with this] the true method of teaching spelling shquldi lie praetiefed, viz ; by synonyms and definition.'/’ Dy this latter means tlie scholar is taught the meaning of words, as well as the mbthed of their formation—also their application and use. Oithography and Orthoepy iras treated of Tiv Prof. John/. lie spoke of the importance of correct pronunciation. The great lack of knowledge on the part of teachers, even of the rodiments of our language and recommended that a certain 1 portion of each day in school he deyoted to an exercise in the elementary sounds, lb'cess, Mdsiq. i Grammar by John I. Mitchell. ”In teach ing tllis branch of science we should know wliat'itis." '“j Its object and end.” “ The mere fact that a scholar is able to analyze a sentence and parse tfie'words, is not grammar.” “ Gram mar ia the science which shows the natural con nection between ideas and words.” “It is ac quiring a knowledge of the meaning ns well as the synthesis or analysis of a sentence.” He recommended Prof. Kenyon’s as the beat and roost systematically arranged of any work on grammar in the English Langage. Adjourned to meet at 1} o’clock P. M. Wednesday Ecening —Singing, by the choir. “Forever with,the Lord.” As a source of amusement and profit it was decided to have aft-'iUtem box” and that the President and to reject all improper questions.” Menrol Arithmetic, by Prof. TVightman.— “ Students are too apt to depend upon the teachers for tihe solution of a problem,” “ Teach your pupils! to rely upon 'themselves.” He recommended, as an excellent method of culti vating the “retentive faculties,” the reading of the example “slowly and distinctively once,” calling upon some member of the class for a solution. If that pupil fail, some other, without repeating the problem. Recess of j ten minutes. T IIE : ii ' > > ■ 1 ■ to tfje ISyttnoCott of t|re ofiNiftljoiw anD tf)c Ssvcatr of ©caltftg a&tfo*w. WHILE THERE SHALL -BE A WRONG UNHISHXED, AND UNTIL "MAN’S INHUMANITY TO MAN" SHALL CEASE,. AGITATION ‘MUST ■ UONtIKUE. vol.; vm. | _ [From The Evening Post ] THE VOLUNTEER’S! MOTHER. He is my boy, my only boy; His father died"long ycar£ gone by] And little have X known ofrjoy But gasing on bis dark Ijlue eye. TU lighted now with higher.- glow ; HU country calls him let hi|m got He never grieved me ; tender, kind, Strong, loving : fall of hppe and grace; Afy life was in bis own entwined, My heart but mirrored back his face. With stenh resolve lie seeks) the foe His country colls him; Ictlbim.go ! How often I have sat besidb Him sleeping ; clustering ’round bis bead These rich, brown-jocks, my praise, my pride, And now the earth must ibo bU bed. to grieve for this, I know, His!comury colls him; letlhiin go! Ah, In how many hearts this strife waged in praver, by grayer is won | There is the wood,[the the knife, And for the s^erjifiee—our eon ! /Twouid kill mo ifjhe fell;] but, no t Hia country calls fcim; loti him go I ForlGod, who ganc our land so blest, Would bnve il-j-heurt and home, Give us the best jit such bfehest; The gulf was* in Rome With one young warrior —weal or woe, His country calls him ; let him go I PEOCEIBDIWGS Of the Titga-Co&nty Teachers* Institute. WELLSBoKOj'Pa,, Nov. 12, 1801. t \ \ Fall Session convened in the Court House at o’clock P. M| The 1 President, Prof. E. Wildman, Principal of the! Mansfield Classical Seminary, nut having arrived., the organization was effected by thej (lection of J. Wnlbridge, Piesident pro tempore, anl Miss Julia A. Ensworth, Secretary.- Prof. 11. C.’Johns made a few remarks canberning the general object of a Teachers’ Institute, —the great advantages which it affords, and eshoited the members to use their “ best 'efforts.” to make the meeting interesting and instructive. The following were appointed a, 1 committee on order of busi ness; Morgan L. Bacon. R. R, Soper, Misses Sarah J. Merrick, Isabella McCarty, L. E. Ens-. worth. The Comfmittee report “ that the af ternoon be given to Prof's. Alien and Johns to employ to the bes advantage." Prof. Allen occupied some time talking of Arithmetic and the method by which it should be taught. : Rev. J, F. Calkins, being called upon, gave some of his experiences as teacher and County §upcrintender,t. Prof. Johns stated some general rules that should always be.observed in school. A-(\jnurned to meet at Cl o’clock. Mr. J. Wulbridge "resigned the office of President, and was unanimously re-elected. f VTELLSBORO,, TIOGA COUNT]?, PA., WEDNESDAY MORNING. NOVEMBER 27,1861. Prof. Johns treated of "Written. Arithmetic, lie illustrated his manner of instructing by catechizing the teachers »n Numeration, Ad dition, Subtraction, &e. He asked, “ why can only omits of the same kind he subtracted ?” Mr. Mitchell replied by-inquiring, “How in a school of forty boys and sixty girls, would you subtract the boys-from the girls?” Notwith standing the great array of mathematical tal ent present the latter iWas considered "aposer." The remainder of the afternoon was occupied inan informal discussion oh Geography.. Many demonstrations were given and questions an swered by ProPs. Allen, W'ghtman, Johns and Wildman, of which I shall hot attempt to re port. “ When Professors} disagree, who shall decide?” j j The following [were appointed critics for the evening; Miss Lucinda }H. Potter, Messrs. J. G. Lowrey, and B. F. Goodman. Adjourned to meet' at 6i o’clock. Wednesday Evening —Prof. Wild man arrived and took his seat. The committee on order of’ business presented the following resolution. dissolved, That no person should be prevent ed by law to teach a common school who cam not tench the rudiments pf vocal music. ‘Miss Hester Mitchell moved “ ( the resolution be laid on the stove." Carried, j i The following resolution presented by Prof. A. R. Wightman, was unatdmously adopted. Resolved, That vocal music has a powerful influence for good over life feelings and charac ters of students; and hence Resolved, That as a science and an art its study ought to be encouraged by all possible moans, in common schools. Recess. Singing by the choir. , An address to the teachers was delivered by J. W. Alien, after which reports of critics. Adjourned to nftet at 81 o’clock A. M., nest day. ' Thursday Morning —Roll called. Prof. Johns on Written Arithmetic.; He spoke of the ab surdity of confining ’the scholars strictly to rules or definitions laid down by authors.— '*Let the pupil understand the demonstration and he can make a ruleifor himself.” Prof. Wigbtiman was.called upon and gave a demonstration of Geometrical Progression. Mr. Asaph Bacon amii Mbs Chloe B Henry, explained the principle of the Greatest Common Divisor.” The why of jthe pr cess for finding the proportional numbers in Alligation Alter nate was clearly shown: by Mr. J.bn R. Jones. Grammar, by Prof, iWildman. “Students are apt to commence : the study of Grammar too early.” “It is tjip most difficult branch taught in commou scljqols, and hence requires a more mature mindl'l He would not have students commence tlie) study before ilia age of 13. His method of was nearly the same as that given by Mr. Mitchell. Adjourned. , .Thursday Afternoon —The questions from the "item box” were distributed, after which. Geography, by Prof] Alien. lie would leach mostly by drawing, anti ns a means of "impres sing local items” otf file mind, include histori cal anecdotes. lie thought it a good plan to connect History with (geography. - Arithmetic, by Prof. Wightman. lls recommended a particular form for pupils to pursue in the solution of problems. Thouga it is 1 mechanical, yet it, cultivates an accurate method of reasoning, ojnd gives the scholar that kind of mental discipline, which is the real ob ject of this study.rj Mr. Mitchcli made some remarks on Compo sition, the importance of its study, and the great’necessity of haring it considered one of the branches! to be pursued in common schools. Adjourned, 1 1 mee,t it 6i o’clock. Thursday ‘Evening— The President called the house to-ajrder. Thcroll was called and nrtnes respondej^to 1 by sentiment. The choir satig— " There's music in, the wateis,” Mr. Robinson playing the‘accompaniment. After an infor mal discussion of half an hour, (he Rev. Mr. Landreth was introduced who delivered an ex cellent Education. It was atten tively lis4ened ; to by a large and unusually quiet audience. But tu attempt a report would he doing the speaker injustice, as it would nec essarily be translated from the ‘’skeleton,” I was enabled to take of his remarks. The Constitution and the Union,” a quar tette led by Dr. Webb, was highly applauded. It had been previously announced that a con tribute n to the fund appropriated by the State Teachers’ Instjiute for purchasing a Rifled can non would !be solicited. The plan was heartily approved by both teachers and spectators, 1 and a qonimiitee pppointed to “pass the hat.”— Quite a libpral donation was obtained. The repdrtsmf the critics were received, and Messrs. John I. Mitchell, Frank W. Clark and Miss Lydia Cuon, appointed for the succeeding dav. ‘ Friday 'Morning —Prayer by Rev. A. A. Mar pie. Penmanship, by Prof. Johns. “In teaching writing the lejtters should be analyzed and the pupils'instructed in the elements, ns in other sciences. • “ Capitals should be made by what is called the ‘ whole arm movement,’ with only the end df the fourth finger resting on the desk.” “ Instruct your pupils to-.sit in the most natural and easy position.” >He gave a thorough kindly sis of the capitals and small let ters, and explained the principles upon which thev were formed. ! Recess^ Prof. Allen, on Spelling. “Good spelling is one of the most essential parts in making up a good scholar.” He thought it should be taught both by the “ eye and ear.” by writing and in clpsre. “Advanced scholars should be taught rules of spelling.” He made other re marks on the derivation and formation of words which it ps perhaps unnecessary to repeat here. As it was the lest day of ; the session and many of the teachers being obliged to return tu their homes, it, was decided, “ that we pro coed'to tbe election of members of tbe-Council,” They were chosen'and confirmed by the House as fullowts: Bloss—Miss Marietta Coon. Charleston—Miss Sarah R. Stilwcll. Delmar—Mr. 1-wis Rodino. Liberty—Miss Harriet Sbeffer, .#• * Middlehury—Mr. U. P. Sfehhihs. Mansfield—Miss Lucindni A. Pitts. Osceida—Prof. A. R. Wightman. MainHmrg—Prof. 11. C. Johns, Tiog.vßoro—Mr. J’. I. Mitchell. Tioga Township—Miss Hester Mitchell. Chatham—Mr. J..D. Vandusen. Clymer—Miss Betsey Davis. Covington Boro—Miss Sprah Derow. Covington Township—Mr. David Cameron, 'Wellsburo—Mr. J. IValllridge. Rutland—Mr. R. R. Soper. Richmond—Miss Mary E. Pitts. The above were all the townships and Boro’s represented at tho Institute. Osceola was de nominated-os the place hjr holding the next se-'Eion Adjourned to meet at llo’clock P. M Friday Afternoon' —The House was called to order. IT. P. Stebhins in the Chair. The In stitute then proceeded to the election of officers. The followihg were chosen. - ■ ; President —J. Walbridge, Esq. Tice Presidents —Misses IlaVriet Shaffer, N. P. Rexford, Eliza Mills, )Mr. David Cameron and Miss Sarah J. Merrick. Corresponding Secretary —ll. C. Johns. Recording Secretary —J. D. Vandusen. Treasurer —Miss Lydiaj Coon. Prof. Wildman being obliged to leave, Mr. Dt p. Stebbins was oallec| to the chair. A vpta of'tlianks was ■extended; to Mr. Wildman, for the ability and impartiality with which ha l|ud presided liver the meetings. 1 Decimal Notation, by J. Walbridge. (lie commenced upon mathematics in their broad est sense, treated of signs and symbols', show ing the distinction in their use, and concluded with a general exercise jon notation and divi sion of Decimals. ) Recess of ten minutesj The following named Tadics and gentlemen were appointed essayists for the nest session : Mrs. S. B. Price, Mrs. A 11. Wightman, Misses Allen, 11. M. Prutaman, Chine B. Henry. Profs. S. B. Price, E. Wildman, H. C. Johns’ and SL N. Allen were invited to lecture. J.'D. Vandusen presented resolutions, which, were adopted as follows Resolved, That this Institute acknowledge with gratitude* the important services of the following named gentlemen: Rev. J. F. Calkins, Rev. Mr*. Landrcth, Rev. A. A. Marple, Prof’s. M. N. Allen, E. Wildman, A. R. Wightman, 11. C. Johns, and Mr. J, W. Allen; Resolved, That the thanks of this Institute . ha most cordially tendered to the people of- Wellehoro, fpr their respectful attendance and i generous hospitality. • j j The Rev. Mr. Landpetb was present, and; made some’useful femajik.s on the necessity of) preparation for these ffjini-annusl meetings. Rev. Mr. Marple said, .“Take a man when he Comes out .of the waiter,, and he has hut ‘ lit tle to say’ I have just cijune in out of the storm.”- “ Teaching is a great employment.” “ Luther said, if he had not been a mini-ter, he; should have wanted to have been ft teacher." “If 1 were not a minister I should want to be a teacher.” The remarks of both gentlemen were highly applauded.’ The following resolution presented by John I. Mitchell, was .unanimously adopted by the Institute: ( [ ■ j Whereas, Tfte Nortljern States, under the cn-1 lightening influence iif Puritanic instruction ! and education, hate |;one on in the path of I progress, improvement, and the development ufj empire, and ; i Whereas, We attribute this great nalloaatl j success and enterprise to the beneficial influr 1 oncL-a of common schools, and to tiie general j dissemination of lightj and knowledge through; the Pulpit and Pre.-s. ( Tliercfore ■ ■ j Resolved, That after having used all these' powerful and agencies to reach the j southern heart by the mild mnans of Reason; Religion, and 'liberal) principles, we feel itouf ! duly to assert; that tlhe. Rebellion which nofv.| rages in the Southern States, and threatens the I overthrow of the gre|vt American Republic, is wholly unjustifiable,; without the remotest, 1 reasonable cause, ajnd entin ly in opposi- i thm to tlie immutable, eveilasting dictates and , principles of humanity and civilization. Resolved, That wcjhereby express our-deep regard and' friendship- for those of our fellow teachers of Tioga CVjunty, and others now in the service of their, and our country ; and (hat we assure them, lhatl we in their absence wiii try to do bailie wcjll in the glorious cause which they only for a time abandoned for a nobler, and a higher duty. j Orders to the amount of $3,00 wore ordered to be drawn oh the Treasurer to defray t lbe con tingent expenses ofj tbc Institute : alio one of, $5,00 to pay the Recording Secretary for re- j porting the proceedings to the county papers, i Adjourned to meet at Osceola, at the call; of | the County Snjpciinlienderit. The session Was one of interest and profi*. There were nearly uhe hundred teachers in at tendance, all of whrmi, we doubt not, were vv'ell satisfied with the exercises. Though the In stitute bad-not the benefit of the instruction of Prof. Stoddard, as was expected, yet the “ home talent” was brought into “active service” and much useful information imparted. E. Wildsiau, President. R. R. Soper, Secretary Rutland. -Nov. 20 1801. ■. “You will observe from this word Paler,” said a schoolmaster to bis pupil, “ the great flexibility of tbe Latin language, Pateriisa; father and here we hare patrus, an ime'e, land' propatruns, age it undo, on the fattier's side. Can,you make any such change in! our lan-! gnago ?— Pater, pat una, propa/jims—father: is there any way you can change father into uncle in English V “ I con't think of any,” replied young hopeful, “ unless you can get him to! marry your aunt.” A very religious old lady, when asked her opinion of the organ of a church, the first timq she had seen or heard one, replied : i “Tt is a very prdty box of whistles, but, oh! it is an awful way of spending the Sabbath !” Tbe unkindest out of all; Tbe tbiefi who stole Buchanan's Iparacss left tb® baiter, AND THE WAE." A careful analysis of an apparently welf con sidered article by a correspondent in tastweek’s Agitator, under the above caption, results ns follows; 1. The rebellion is not the result of a few leaders,, but the result of a certain state of facts ofj which the ambition of the lenders takes ad vantage, to wit., an intense popular hatred of the North. 2. The hate is explained upen a principle of human nature that causes us to hate those who sympathize with the victim we have injured, and slavery being the greatest wrong, is the greatest possible promoter of hate. 3. Therefore, slavery is the cause of the war. 4. Crush the rebeib'on by the emancipation of the slaves, and the rebels will submit and become reconciled to the government. The negative branch of the first proposition, iff certainly true ; the rebellion is not the’work of the leaders ; and yet it is the first time I have seen the statement in■ print. From the commencement of the war, until quite recently, civerv loyal paper in the country has labored assiduously to show that the rebellion was the work of a few ambitious leaders, and that wo Ijad only to hang Jeff. Davis, and a score or two of his conspirators, to put,an end to it. At first the people believed it—perhaps many be lieve it yet, and those who have learned to the contrary, do not one sicir information to the admissions of the papers. It is scarcely credi ble that the professional sagacity of the “press gang,” was betrayed by ignorance into such a mistake—it was only their way of ho ping the cause—the sera iiity of patriotism at the expense nf truth, a very common thing now-a-duys, in .which the intention is more apparent than the (wisdom. ; That the rebellion is a popular movement; (that it had in its first overt act, the spontane ous sympathies of a large majority of the peo ple of a!! the slave states, and that to-day, it ;has the hearty assent and willing co-operation -of as great a majority as ever accompanied any political revoluti- n, is evident to any one who has taken the pains, without prejudice, to sift and compare such information as comes 1 through the loading journals of the North ; and to those who have enjoyed opportunities of per sonal i.f th? growth ol public sen timent iti the Southern states for several years past, it is very clear that the people of the se ceded states, are mure unanimous, and more determined than were the people of the culo itiies alien they tesulred to "throw off the yoke the British King. Appaling as this'fact is, it is time the people knew 'it—it is the must discouraging view of this terrible calamity, hut it is hotter to look it squarely in the face. It is also true, that certain political leaders in the South have taken advantage of (lie stale of popular feeling that prevails there ; hut this is not the whole truth. In miiny cases the state of popular feeling took advantage ■of them; sometimes inou’d'.ngthom to its will, in ether ca ses, passing them by, ■Bat is it not placing this great social move ment, broad and deep as it confessedly is, up on a very nan on basis, to attribute it all to a single cau-o? Does one thought, one feclling”, and one purpose, animate nine million human beings iff every conceivable diversity of talent, education, condition, morals, religion, and of all the (jtujlties that distinguishes mankind? There is unanimity in Che purjose to he rid of federal authority—but I'he-e millions came tb this resoloticn by hnndnds of different toads; some came to it years ago. O.hers—lndeed, neatly'all outside oi South Carolina within the last year—.few, probably con tell how they ar rived at that point, hut the ways are almost as numerous as the idiosyncr-cies of the human mind. | It is a very easy way to dispose of the war, i to attribute it to a single cause ; it saves so I much mental labor—lt di-pensca with tedious i serutinv of ionium l !able facts. And this moth ( od-isas popular as it is easy. The Democratic ' press, always refers the cause of the war to the agitation of the slavery question at the North. The Republican .press, niuibutes it to-day to extensionI—to-morrow, 1 —to-morrow, to the slave trade,:next day to Stalo rights, to cotton, In the spoils,of office, to the tariff, to the census, to empire, and so unMo tiie end, hut always to some single cause that always grows nut nf slavery. And the loyal of all patties have heretofore charged it all upon the leaders; hut noqe wonder to learn that the hidden cause, the secret spring of this tremendous uprising, is hate; not hate in general, hut a particular kind of hate. This diagnosis of the Southern malady, has the merit of originality. After all.it may ,be as philosophical as any that Ims been given. There is doubtless such a principle in human nature as the '< n 1 n 1 ided to, and in many cases it may enter largely into the feelings that (prompt, the rebels- to action? - But who cair doubt but that many good men have reasoned .themselves into the belief that slavery, though lan evil, is yet a good, and that slavery is'the norma! condition of the black race upon this continent. In an honest and upright life, nay, if a life of piety, gives imy force to a man’s declarations, wc must believe that for many years, the cultured, cud religious mind nf thu' South, has been educating up to this point. Again, in Maryland,'and especially in Dela ware, whore tlict a arc but few slaves, tbe re bellion flourishes, and ‘in districts where there: are no slaves, slavery finds its staunchest s.np-, porters. Are they sinceic and honest ? many , of them, as we arc ? We have the right to ! judge the motives of those who differ with usi but we have not thriviight to judge without ah ; understanding, harshly or capriciously. Ilow i ready are we to jump at conclusions. Titeic i are no colors too black to paint 'the enormity l of the great .Southern crime. Its magnitude , exceeds anything the world ever saw ; but it is nevertheless true, iliat.il has the prayers of the f religious men of the 4?outb, and that woman baa sacrificed the dearest claims of mother-hood and wife-hood, to the cause of the rebellion,— | We hear, often that tho clergy and the women, are tho most active traitors everywhere in the South. But may not a sincere zeal, even, a righteous zeal, have in it a mixture of hate? ' Doubtless—the marly who sings at tbe burning | stake, may be animated as much by a stubborn Advertisements will be charged $1 persqur re of IP lines, one or three insertions and 25 cents lor every subsequent insertion. Advenitcn ents of less than J i line? considered as a square.*' The subjoined rates tviii be charged for Quarterly, ilalf-I'eai y andXearlyad* vertiocurenta: 3 aOHTHS. 8 UOSTHB. 12 *«»*« . $3,00 $4,50 se,w. 5.00 - 6,50 :-t 8,06 7.00 *! -,i B.sft ■ 10,00 Square, • 2 dol 3 ' do. i column, - 4 do/ -' ■ aHM". »;•* . Column, - - "25,00 i6,W '’ Advonifbmenta not having thentnfaberoT ingertlwi desirij&iparknd upon them, will fee {mhlubod until daradoixt and charged see* rdingly tv ' HawibdU. BiH-llefldß^XeWer*Hcadjti kindsof Jobbing done In country wttfbliitf'toeijf*, tJN eented neatly and' promptly. Tfistice?*, Cofivtfiblc'ty and other BLANKS constantly on band.: ' . . NO. 16. spirit—by tbo spirit of hate as by lota of hie Creatin', nr tlie cause fur which he dies. Still it ia not usual to analyze so closely the motive* of the heart. For the Agitator. We cannot explain social movement* upon mathematical principles. A simple syllogism however comprehensiae, can never be made to include all, or even a small portion of the cau ses of a great rebellion. The cause is not one, but many, and its fair understanding involves the whole history of the nation, the manners, cus'oms, hahits, and modes of thought, publia opinion-, pecuniary interests, indeed all the in terests of society in every shape. But suppose "the broad basis of the rebell ion" is such ns represented, does it follow that to abolish slavery we can conquer the South, or if we do, that .they would become reconciled to the government ? Yiiur onnesp.indent has not deigned to pro sentrnny facts nr arguments leading to such a conclusion. He seems to take that proposition as a consequence of the others. Ha telle ue, like every body else, that slavery is the causa of the war, (though he adopts an entirely new the ary, as to, how it is the”" cause,) and then ha says: "strike at the cause—kill slavery, and put an end to the .rebellion.” According to this plan, Washington should have put an ehd to the whisky insurrection, hy spilling all the “ardent” where found, and Jackson should have ended the tariff insurrection, by burning the Custom Houses. - _ , Whoever may be tbeswriter of the article re ferred to, 1 take the liberty of commending to hia consideration the following sentence : "But we all deserve to'he black and chattled slave* to boot, if we do! not have the sense to use the emancipation of the black people! as a mean?, of saving the nation, it being a self evident idjj* falliablemo ms of ending the rebellion in thff shortest possible time.” f’l'is strange that such a sentence could find-a place in an article which, though it contains, as I believe many errors, is chastely and correctly written. Ch- For the Agit»t«r, The Newspaper and the Oovenuneirt. , in politics, the great.fact of the day, is the power and influence of {ho Public Press. Bags, and lamp-black, ate recognized institutions.— The newspaper is all but omnipresent, and om nipotent; for what interests does it not repre sent? what secret does it not unfold? whore docs it not go? and what can exist except by its sufferance ? • , The invention of the steam-press—improve ments in the manufacture of paper, and in the: art of printing—increased facilities for the col lection and transmission of intelligence, togeth er with the great,speed and regularity of the of the mails, hate combined to constitute the newspaper the ffrst estate in ,thc cen.mon weakh. ” ; . The wise men who framed the Coverrment, did nut tores'e this result, and in devising the the adui rab.c system of-balances nod theiks in the Coiisiitutmi, they made no provision* against the encroachments of the Press. It i» greater than C ogres greater than the Presi dent—greater limn tlie Judiciary—and' ul.-o, gi eater than the Commander-in-Chief and all bis generals r it is a pnwet superior to them nil, and yet, responsible U> none—for is nut th* press free ? 5 - But is it free, and great? Let trs see; - Tlie puolication ol newspapers, is a special branch of business, and like other kinds of business, it has its peculiar rules, maxims and . conditions (if suece-a. Men engage in this, business to male money ; whatever other mo tive may influence them, that is, if not the principal one, at least a necessary incident. To make it must have readers ; and how r . can you get readers, unless you give them what they want? And w bat do they want? To him who knows human nature, the answer is at band—evidently what they, believe. They wish to he ci nfirmed in the truths they believe ; they want you to furnish arguments and facts with which to combat the enemies of their doc- ■ trine, and though they may not know it, they want their vanity, hy felling them what they (ilWays know. ’ But suppose your readers I clieve a lie, or ate deludfcl? Jrrthat ' ease, ym mu-t iot tell them about their mis take—if you urn not too honest, or too stubborn fur your pn fission, yon will confirm them in their pnjndtces, and add to their delusion ; and in i ven ease, you will seek to’make them par tisans, for only then will they take einough in terest in the cause, to hoy the paper. -■ These remarks apply particularly to that class of subjects, upon which the public mind, or the minds of your readers are made up. On-, other subjects, questions up, you will seek to hit; the popular notion, tu guess what the people will think ; and utiles* you are very confident you can win a name for sagacity, by pleasing the public, you will use caution —put out feelers, or express yourself in vague terms, and await the response—when you must come out boldly on the strong side. Such ate thc.'rrammels under which the jour nalist labors, lie is free—to write what will make his paper sell—or to starve. The X. T. Tribune, is perhaps the mostdn fluential paper.uf the country, and it possesses great independence and sincerity, and not with* ont good reasons; and yet who does not kno\r that its conductors could write it down % % month. In the confusion of the past six months, it has found it difficult to keep its old prestige uniiupared, and has no doubt lost something of its former influence.- Every jour nalist. V.y the very necessities of his position, must have move regard to the past character o( his paper and to the opinions of his reader; than to his own independent and boom t ought. Nevertheless, the profession of journalism, i perhaps ns free ns any other that depends upu popularity with the public. In the eoeial sy tem, there is hut little opportunity for ii oupei dent action—here, every thing must move ti get her, or not at all. But the press is free to obserse the cnnrtith of i $ own success, and to use to a large, but limited extent the elements within its reach, i the formation of public opinion. And here becomes-ns a political' engine, the first pmr in the state. It is « Congress, constantly t'essio'n. It is an esecuthm, without Ibe- aid Rates of Advertising.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers