Terms of Po plication.
ffC TIOGA. COUNTY Ai tITATOK is published
1 Wednesday' Morping, 4 jd mailed to subscribers
very reasonabl&pricet ,' •
DOLUfR;? ft ' ;
■ U„i» lt Mi l tended to notify eyery
when tbs term fos which he haspaid shall
fi _ jreB gftfae printed label on the
paper: The paper will then be stopped
bsTS in f. r ther remittance be received. By. this ar-
Scti' » n „ man can be brought in debt to the
' K 'lonAioiiia tho .Official Pap® l <rf tie .County,
and steadily increasing circulation reach
il“ 41 gygry neighborhood ill the County. It is sent
'S lJ ,° _ nl( ,y e to any subscriber within the county
'■* nliose most convenient post office may be
County. V. ■ -
J f; - D ess Cards, not 5 Unea, paper molt*.
ft# per year. -
BUSINESS directory.
’POSTAL FOBS TAO HOTEL,.
‘ bAVTO HABT, taoPEiETOE, .
a-rAraed begs leave tit.'f&inohneo to his old
j. and to tho public generally, that lie has taken
1 'on of the old stand and? fitted it up in. good
•f J j D tends to keep it as Hotel.
I" r, w jn be spared to accommodate the traveling
"/‘"'Good Stabling and a good Jiostler always on
td. Prices to suit the times.- PAVID -HART.
,s IOffREY Sc S. F. WII.SOII,
■ WOESEYS & COUNSELLORS AT LAW, will
.(tend the Court of Tioga, Potter and McKean
inties. [Wcllshoi-o '''
D VUTT,,DJEIVTIST,
~ y'-'w FFICE at his .residence near the
Academy. All work pertaining to
This line of business done promptly and
■ [April 22, 1858.]
ranted.
'"ThcK IN soanHO U. SE
1 ;
V Field • • * Proprietor,
ib taken to’and from the £epot free-of charge.
j. c. WIIITISAREIt,
Badrapathe I'hytinan pntf Surgeon. ,
SLKLASb. TIOGA CO., PEINNA. ""
rm visit patient* is all P«ts of the, County, or re
,e them for treatment at lua house. [June 14,]
j. giuert,
ttorxet and counsellor at law
Wellsboro, Tioga Cth, &. Wifi devote; bis
' eiduqvelT to the practice of law. Collections
L w m of t lit Northern 'hjponties of Pennsyl
-18 1 ■ , > ’ nov2l,Co
pE^SVIiV HOUSE. ■
ttro ] 1/uMi Street and the Aifn«e. W/elltboro, Pa.
J, w. BIti OKY, PROJiUETQR.
Jii, popular Hotel, having bejin rc-fijtcd and re
jlibeil throughout, is now open to the public as a'
Jt-class hoUhS.
l2il£ WALT©? HOUSE, ‘
c. VEIIMILYEA, PfiOPJII-BTOII.
Gaines, Tioga Cojlnty, Pa.
UP i< » new hotcj located easy access of
ths best fi-hing and hunting grounds in Northern
i'o pains aiU'bo spared foiytha accommodation
•leisure seekers and lire trardlng public.
[nnl 12. ISi’.n. ’ .
G. C. C. CABIiBELI., .
SiltBER A’XD BAli. -DUES SEJR.
HOP in the rear of the Post <> pee. Everything in
bij lure will be done ns reel; promptly as it
,V done in the city saloon's, (preparations for re
ring dandruff, and beantifyit 5 the hair, for sale
if. Ilai- and whiskers dyed;, ay color. Call and
iVellsbero. Sept. 22, 1859. :
THE COBNIffCI f/r
»rgre W. Pratt, Editor aid proprietor.
ipablishei nt Corning, Steuben 00., N.Y., at One
Mhr and Fifty Cents per year, in advance. The
rnalis Republican in politic?, and has a circula-'
reaching into every part of Steuben County.—
«e dijrous of extending their .business iqko that
the adjoining counties ayill find it an excellent
:ingmc>lum. ’Address as above.
irELtSBOBO I|oTE TL,
VrELT.SuOKOUGII,' PA.
: fauß, - - - - PIfbPKITETOR.
[Formerly of the I uiled Hotel.)
iTia; loaded this wcdl known ft,nd popular Jlou?e,
-L- i*ie palronago of the pubwjc. With attentive
j : j!i»i a g waiters, together witln the Proprietor’s
wfgeTd tbfi buslaws, he hope’s lo ronko tlUslay
if.ft who stop srith him f v pleasadt and
nWc. • I !
f&boro. May 31, 1360. :
UE FBAIISG,
ES, Portraits-, Pictures, Certificates
7eodle Work. £c., framed in
in plain and ornamented! Gilt.
iVnlniit, Oak, Mahogany, io., Per
licie for framing, can receive them
any style they wish and hung for
it ■
SMITH’S BO|OK STORE.
EJU3BICT, Mi D.,
. the public that.bo’is permanently
Elklaod* Boro, Tioga Co. Pa„ and
[y years’ experience to treat ail dia
nd their appcnd&ges on scientific
t he can cure .'with out fail, that
■ailed St. VitugJ Dance, {Chorea
ill attend to anyf'-other business in
,nd Surgery.
igostS, 1800. *'
R AND F®ED STORE
WSLZ.SBO ft'O.
ouM rc.-'peotfullyiiprorm the people
tciuily that be bug opened a ,
& FEED STORE
. (Jibson’p Drug iStfjre, on Main St.,
constantly on bsid as good an pa
il and FEED.is can bo found in
which he will soli cheap fop cash. Also,
of
Choice Wines and |iiQnor«^
rDP'Ti >r quaJi,!;, anil warranted (free fron> ttdul
pV'-Wli bo will se n to Lumbermen and others
r j£ 'ai,e, cheaper than any other esljablishnHTit in.
rj* 0 ania, j. J. EATON. ,
‘-■lOl3, Dec ;y, 1300. ‘i'\ ■
: 'fBIGHT &c BAI^fV,
P?'«urol the Rest mills in tho'gejinty. ore now’
F e 'J to do "
Si Woi-fe, aiercluSt Wttrh,
that can be 4 no in Country
[’, t,f) Sire perfect satisfaction,
W, MEAL AND f FEED,
( AT . W i IOLESALE 0R B-HiAIL,
iiifi 6 ' 0 op at the mill. Cash or
1,/,**' 11 ! for grain at the market price.
* °' t '' ‘ -* •. tbe corpo
iAILEY.
ftZ h . M 4; kinds of t.utber und Shpe
btea.l, , onsta ? t, y on bond anji foraale at loir
ready> pay»
lti SlA K PE , LTStaken in oxohjnge for Goods
"V ; JO'S?,HIBEROLE.
I 1 siefcotear to jj|st myttmion ot tfce Uttn of iTmtrow of Mtform.
’-i- »'■ » '■* ' i __ £j c ' ' ’ ' - • - ' * - -
OfL. VIII.
| [From the New YoUc Ledger.] jjjp
I NOT V€T. • jl'
i bV william ccLifes bbvaxtli
Oh country, marrel of thiieartb! | I
|oh realm to sudden.gre&tnesfl growl
Tbe age that gloried in tby birth, ]' ;j i
JShall it behold thee overthrown ? sjj 1
lay that gradtnesa low filj.'
1% Land of Hope and Blessing, No|j.
Aid we who wear thy glorious nameJiLr .; !
Bhall we, Uko cravens, apartjl ? 1
When those whom thou hist trusted Jim- 1 i
STbe death-blow at thy generous
Edith goes the battle-cry, tandlo 5 Ip 1 *
Hosts rise la harness, shotting, No (j(
Arid they who founded, inj our land, • \
jChe power that rules fromsea to-aefL | *
Bl<pd,they in rain, or veunjy planned jr. £ ’
To leave their country great and frA?/
sleeping ashes, from j below, ij k j; 1
Sc|d up the thrilling munjiur, No ! j|j \ 1
TCijit, they the gentle ties which long f 1 I,
These sister states were proud to wgiirjl J
Anjd forged the kindly Ijinlfs so strongj, *|| ;
For idle hands.ln sport tk> tear— - j '] s
Po| "scornful hands aside t<j throw? ij jj
No by our fathers’ memory, No ! |j J"
bap humming marts, iijpn ways, If iv
I <|ur wind-tossed woods cm mount ufs|*crhst,
jThf hoarse Atlantic) with his bays, M; '
| The calm, broad Ocean rjf the West|'| !) ,
Anil Mississippi's torrent-Sow, || Ij
Ans Idud Niagara, answer,!No ! x 1; '
Not yet the hour is nigh: when they |! .'|j
Who deep in Eld’s dim twilight sit>|. ’j j
Earth’s ancient kings, -shall rise and s«% |;
‘iProud country, weleorop to the pi® ' ! i J
So joon art thou, like us, brought low^ , | , >ij ;
NoJsullen group of shadows. No! gj 1 !j
Forjnow, behold, the arm fiat gave Jj! ji
Too victory in our fathers’ day, L ( jj
String, ns of old, to guard bnd save—f-
Ttiot mighty arm which none can
On tlouds above fields below,' ?!
Writes, in men's sight, the answer, No£!'
GEN. EUTEEB ON THE CONTfiJU,
’ 1 QUESTION. :|j' i 1
The following interesting letter fro |i funeral
'Butler lias been received at; the Wa| Depart
ment; j ' i‘ 1 i| ; j
“lI£a6(|uaRTEBS DECABTMENt OP VlßdjSjk, l )
Fortress Monroe, July! 30, 1861;| j ;{! 1 J
°IIonS. Simon Crmerdn, Secretary, K)pi War
—rSif * ißy an ordet_4eceived on the DMrtfing of
the 26tf| of July, IFom Mujoif General!.Spott, I
was commanded -to forward! of the fijoqbs of
this department, four regiments and dtjbmf, in
cluding ICol. Baker’s California Bejj|nmi.t, to
Washington via. Baltimore. This erderiraacbed
me at 2 fi’clook A. m., by special boat feipra 'Bal
timore. | Believing that it empnated bieiapse of
some passing exigency foij the dafpnke of
Washington,'! issued my orders besirej day
break fo ■ the embarkation ofjthe troo|!sj lend
ing thost who were among thje very lfest| fegl
mcnts I lad. In the course of the fillmying
day they were all embarked fdr Baltimprel.p'itl)
the exception of sooie dOO, fur whom F Mdjnot
transportation, although I linq till the transport
force in the hatAis of the Quirtermasarilhlere,
to aid tin Bay line of steamers, whiclt by {the
same ordn from the Lieut. General, w|i ®ipec
ted to fui nish transportation.- Up to£ tiHii at
he time if the order, I had'bpcn prep|^ihb|fur
an advance movement by whiijh I hopeljtoicrip
ple tbensuurces of tbe enenjy at'
and especially by siezing a 1 irge iyj- of
negroes who were being pressed into
rice in liuilding tbe imrencimints tjblei-e.j 1
hpd five i ays previously been Enabled
fnrthefiist time, tbe first company ® Bight
Artillery, which I bad been enlpuwered||D rfyiise,
and they had but a s'ngle rifli*lcannon|pu Ivon
sis-pount er. Of course, everything, nljlsqjand
did yield to the supposed exigency, or
ders. This ordering away tba troops ftim-Juiis
departmeit, while it weakened the Jrjstg at
Newport News, necessitated the withdin
the troop i from Hampton, where I w|k (Wen
throwing up intrenched works-to enabl^jra«|to
.hold the town with a small force, [jlad
vanced ujvlhe York or James ri\er. .jjnijtpe
village of Hampton, there a large |i|u ifijber
of negroes, composed in-a gj-eat mcaltmji jof
women arfd children of the men who lap flpd
thither, wfthin my lines for protection, \||ii bad
escaped fijom maurauding parties of UclMs ’vjio
hall been gathering up able-bodied
them in ici.nstructing their tatiericsyn Uie
James and York rivers. I bakT emplofld the
men' in Hampton in throwing ujj intrencMi lilt's,
and they lero working zealously and efifeu ijt y
at that doty, saving our soldiefs from tfiatjjlr
bor underithe gleiim of the mid-day | 'plie
women w-dre. earning substantially thefts- ohjn
subsistence in washing,-marketing. nnd|||a ditg
care of tbh elothes of the -soldiers, and Wittis
were hoinl; served out to the mbn whir Mirkqd
for the sifpport of the children. But else
evacuatiot| of Hampton; rendered
the withdrawal of troops, leavihg me
5,000 m<|n outside the Port,'including th||fh&e
at Newppijt News', all these blnjck peoplojwdra j
obliged tjo break up their homqs at j
fleeing across the creek within my lines fp Pt ( j'
tectio'n and support. Indeed it was a mq|tdbi-1
pressing sight, to see these poor creaturegi wipe
Bad trusted to the protection of the arms|qf tip |
United States', and who aided the troops (g tM j
United Stiles in their enterprise, to bl|tkM
obliged to flee from their homes, and the Mirnfep
of -their-miisfcrs, who had deserted !
become fukftives • from fear of the rct||n jpf
‘the Rebel Soldiery, who had threatened paliqp
the mem who had wrought for us,‘ ( and to
off the wortien, who had served oi to ®.|f|onfc
than KgyptiQD bondage. I have
within the (Peninsula, this side Of HaMptqq
Creek, 900 negroes, SOO of v%ni are||itl|}
bodied meL 30 of whom are m£fr-sub|l|infc
ally past hard labor, 1/5 women, 225i
upder the dge of 10 years, and 170 betwiMclfl
and 18 yeats, and many more coining in. ■iJ ad
questions which this state of facts presei|t| a||e|
very embarrassing. -|j j l[j
••First —What shall be done with them | .niiffi
Sepond, Wnat is their state and condition j,
, "Upon these questions I desire the in|l| , ujJ J
turn? of tbqDepartment. / : |i Ml;
"The firs] question, hofr-ever, may |V
answered % considering the last, -ffire p4fj?j
men, womep. and children slaves ? Are j.Ahjv
free? Is their condition that of men, wcjhfcjni
and ohildrei, or of property, nr is i.t a
relation? What their ~status was underl!tlih|
Constitution find laws, we all know.' Whal^ii,
' t iHIM
TORE
re formerly
ring on all
i. Cotupe
souring I)e
-ifownm-
HE
i, r
WHILE-THERE $33:
LL BE A WBONG UNRIGHTBD, AND UNTIE "MAN’S INHUMANITY TO MAN" SHALL CEASE; AGITATION'MUST CONTINUE,
5f
/LSBOROj TIOGA CQUKTYv f A., WEDNESDAY MORKfNG. AUGUST 14, 1861.
s:**'
ik^AHT)
AGITATOR.
been the effebt of rebellion and a state cf. war
upon that statu# f When I adopted the theory
of treating the able-bodied negro fit to work in
the trenches,; as property liable to be used in
aid of rebellion, and so contraband of war, that
condition of things was in so far met ns I then
and still believe, on a legal and' constitutional
basis. But now a new series of questions arise.
Passing by women, the children certainly can
not be treated on that basis; if property, they
must be considered (ho incumbrance, rather than
the auxiliary of an army, and, of course, in no
possible legal relation, could be treated as con
traband. Are. they properly ? If they were
so, they have been | left by their masters and
owners, deserted, thrown away, abandoned, like
the wrecked vessel upon the ocean. Their for-
possessors and owners, have causelessly,
traitorously, rebelltously, and to carry ctit the
figure practically abandoned them to be swal
lowed up by the winter storm of starvation. If
property, do they not become the property of
the salvors? .but we, their salvors, do not need
and will not hold such property, and- will as
sume no such ownership ; has not therefore all
property relation ceased ? Have they not be
come thereupon men), women and children? No
longer under ownership of any kind, the fear
ful relics of fugitive! movers, have they notby
their masters' acts; and the state of war, as
sumed the condition, which we hold to be the
normal one, of those made in God’s image? Is
not every constitutional, legal and moral re
quirement, as well co the runaway master, as
their relinquished slaves, thus answered ? I con
fess that my own mind is compelled by this rea
soning to look upon them as men and women.
If not free born, yet free, manumitted, sent
forth from the baud that held them, never to be
reclaimed.
“Of course, if this reasoning thus imperfect
ly set forth is correct, my duty as d humane
man is very plain. I should take the same care
of these men, women and children, houseless,
homeless and unprovided for, as I would of the
same number of men, woriien end children', who
for their attachment |o the Union had beendriv
en or allowed to fleo from- the Confederate
States. I should have no doubt on this ques
tion, hud I not seen it stated, that an order had
been issued by General McDowell in his depart
ment, substantially forbidding all fugitive slaves
from ootning withrn hisdines, or being harbored
there. Is that order to.bo enforced in all Mili
tary Departments ? so, who ore to be con
sidered fugitive sfaves? 1 Is a slave, to be con
sidered fugitive, whose master runs away and
leaves him ? Is it forbidden to the troops to
aid or harbor within their lines the negro chil
dren who are found'therein, or is the soldier,
when his march has destroyed their mentis of
subsistence, to allow (hero to starve, because he
hirs driven otf the Rebel master? How shall
he, cc Inmander of regiment or battalion, sit in
judgment upon the question, vhethcr. any,giv
en black man has fled from, his master, or his
master fled from him ? 'lndeed, bow are thfe
free born to be distinguished ? Is one any more
or lese a fugitive slave because he has labored
upon the Rebel intrenohments? If he has so
labored, if I understand ir, he is to be harbored.
By the reception of wliicb„are the Rebels most
to.be distressed, by taking those .who lave
wrought all their Rebel masters desired, masked
their battery, or those who have refused to la
bor and left the battery unmasked.
“I have very decided opinions upon the sub
ject of this order. It does not become me to
criticise it, and, I-write in no spirit of criticism,
hut simply to explain the full difficulties that
surround the enforcing it. If the enforcement
of that order becomes the policy of the Govern
ment, I, as a sdidier, shall be bound to enforce
it steadfastly, if not cheerfully. But if left to
my own discretion, as you may have gathered
from my reasoning, I should take a widolyidit
ferent course from that which it indicates.
“In a loyal State I would put down a servile
insurrection. In a state of rebellion I would
confiscate that which was used to oppose my
arms, and take p.ll that property, which consti
tuted the wealth of that State and furnished
the means by which the war is prosecuted, be
side being the cause of the war ; and if, in so
doing' it should be objected that human beings
were brought to the free enjoyment of life, lib
erty and the pursuit of happiness, such objec
tion might not require much consideration.
“Pardon me for addressing the Secretary of
War directly Upon this question, as it involves
some political considerations as well as propi iety
of military action.
“I am, Sir, your obedient servant,
“Benjamin F. Butler.”
Jeff. Davis on Treason —Jeff Davis in the
summer of 1858, in ianeuil Hill, pronounced
an anathema upon traitors nnd treason in lan
guage to be remembered when he is captured,
and the leaders banded will him in the sacrile
■gious attempt to overthrow the sacred edifice of
the Constitution which]thiy had sworn to sup
port, and which has’ giten them their wellfare.
It was in such words as tlese that the chief of
the traitors invoked confusion to traitors four
short years ago ' i
Among culprits, there is none more odious to
my mind than a public officer who takes an
oath to Support the Constitution—the compact
between the States binding each other from the
common defence and general welfare; of the
o [ber—yet retains to himself a mental reserva
tion that bo will war opijm the principles he
has sworn to maintain, and upon the property'
rights, the protection of wfiich are part of the
compact of the Union. (Applause.)
II is a crime to low to be named before\ihis as
sembly. It is one which no man with self-res
pect would ever comrAii. To swear that] he will
support the constitution—to tafke an office which
belongs in many of its relations to .all the
States, and to use it as a means of injuring ii
poition of the fetafe of which he is thns the
representative, is treason to everything honor
able to man 1 It is the hose and cowardly at
tack of Ipm who gains tbo Confidence of anoth
er, in order that he may [wound him;
The Boston Post asks; “Who wants ,a bet
ter ‘National Him’ than' Gen. Scott ?” The
Hartford Courant answers; “No body,. Mr.
Post. We can gel along with that and ‘tJncle
Psalm/"
OFF A MAN'S HEAD.-
A writer in tlie Philadelphia Bulletin says,—
"I was a student of medicitre-ihJParis, in 1858.
-9,’and in company with other Ant erl can g, ,tj red
of the hum-drum monotonous life of the
tier Latin, I frequently roamed through the new)
city on the west'bank of the Seine. Concerts
and operas, gardens and singing cafes, bazaars'
and houtsques were all visited by us. One)'
evening at early du«k, a party bfus were stroll-'
ing through the Rue Richelieu, and when near)
the Boulevards, our attention was drawn to a 1
flaming poster of fin Easter Juggler, who was'
performing at some Hall on the "boulevard du
Temple. Among other things, very wonderful,;
this man would cut off the head of a living man,)
and defy any one to surprise liitn in the’triok. 1
Being considerably accustomed to manipulating
with a knife in the dead, and being thoroughly,
hardened to all sights of horror, we determined
to go and see this wonderful necromancer. At
the hour appointed, we repaired to the hall, and
obtained a seat near the stage. After perform
ing several wonderful tricks, the magician came
forward and announced as his last feat of the
evening, the act us! decapitation of a living man,
apparently. To prevent feelings of horror
among the ladies, ho assured the audience it
was a trick of legerdemain, h;ere slight-offhand
—that he did not unreality cut the manhi head
off. With this he invited anyone
in the audience, desirous of cn'pl>.-.I punishment,
to step forward, promising speedy satbfaction.
For some moments no vine seemed anxious for
the honor. At length a soldier, a private in die
infantry, stepped forward and. signified his
readiness to be decapitated. There could have
been, it was plain, no connirance between the
men. No man darts assume the martial bear- I
ing of France, without authority. j
Directing the man to divest himself of hi«
coat and neck-tie, the magician brought out his
instrument of .death. It was an enormous
knife resembling a ponderous cleaver, He ca-t
it_dewn tq sliow--ks-xr eight,-OBd it left a large*
impress in the boards. There was no .decep
tion in the weight of the knife, He then made
the man lie down, and placing the man’s head
fair in a block, the magician fastened a long
handle to his enormous knife, and proceeded
very leisurely and with hedyy, well-directed
strokes, to chop the man’s head off. Durng
this he merely lowered the foot lights, without
obscuring the view at all. Cries of horror and
amazenn-nt burst from the terror-stricken audi
ence, as, with every descending blow of the
huge cleaver, the blood spurted away. The
man who was undergoing the operation simply
quivered iff the lower .limbs. Soon the dis
membered head rolled on the floor, the blood
issued by jets from the cut arteries, the jaws
dropped, whi'e the eves were turned up in
dear!). It was a horrible sight; The magician
then took the bleeding head by the hair, and
passed it not more than three fret from our
party. It seemed to me a dreadful reality. I
almost expected to see the fiefce get: d’ unite
seize and arrest the murderer. Suddenly, but
only for an instant, the room was darkened.
In a moment all was light,again, and we saiv
tfie magician hu-v hnptivaiing the head to (he
bleeding trunk. Diligently ho (forked, and for
some moments, apparently, to no purpose. All
at once, however, he slapped the dead soldier
smartly on the hack ; immediately the man
arose, felt anxiously round his neck, looked
foolishly around, and descended amidst the'
audience. This is a veritable affair, and there
arc living within three hundred miles i f Phila
delphia those who can Vouch for its truth.
BEETJAMIBT FEAMKLIN’a JOUKNAIi.
Wo were shown a few days since at the P.
0. Department, the first journal of the Post
-mastor General, being for the year ending Oct.
5,177 G. This journal was kept by Dr. Frank
lin, nnd contains accounts of thirty eight offi
cers, and shows the proceeds of the year to
have amounted to £713 9s Old, [less than $3,-
500.] The hook contains about two hundred
pages, only about sixty .of which are written
upon, nnd contain the entire working of the
post- jffices for that time. The following is the
list of offices; Philadelphia, Cambridge. Bris
tol. Trenton, Princeton, Elizabethtown, Statn
ford, F'nirfield, Kew-Ijaven, fiew London, Sa
lem, Ipswich, Middletown, Springfield, New
hurg, Wilmington, Head of Elk, Hertford,
ClUrlc.-town Bal imore, Annapolis, Upper Ma. 3;
boro, Bladensburg, New Castle, Chester Town,
Queenstown, Talbot, and Lancaster.
Dr.- Franklin was appointed by the British in
1752, with a salary, with Ida confederate, of sis
hundred pounds, “if they could get it.” This
experiment brought him nine hundred pounds
in debt. , In 1757 he gave notice that the mail
between Boston and Philadelphia would leave
orice a fortnight. lie was removed by the Brit
ish, hot Congress appointed- him Postmaster
General, at a salary of S-LOCO, which was
dtuhledon the’-J6th of April, and in
creased to S-5,000, December 27il£ , An Inspec
tor of Dead Letters was also appointed 'at a
salary of £lOOO. On.the 7th of November. 1770,
Dr. Franklin was succeeded by Richard Bache.
In 1790 there were seventy-live miles of post
routes. The General Post Office was then in
Nsw York. In 1790 Samuel Osgood, of Penn;
svlvania, -was Postmaster General at a salary
of 51,500. Timothy Pickering w-as appointed
Aigust 12, 1781, at a salary of $2,000. Joseph
llj.bberchaw was the hist Postmaster General
appointed by Washington 1 (April £O, 1795.) Jn
17OG, the General Post Office was removed to
Washington. ’
In 1802 the Government friri Its own
and cleared $ll,OOO by carrying passengers.—.
Wash ingion, Jiepu hlica n.
Spit.or Ot:x.—At tHepattlc ofßuonvilla.onc
of the soldiers received a bullet in his jaw hone,
just-under one- 1 of his ears, the bullet.grating
the bone,and lodging in his mouth; Surgeon
Cornyri, seeing him bleeding, .approached him
a,nd examining the wound; asked him where
th& buijet was.—" Spit the d—n thing out;” was
the brief reply, as ho started fur the front to
ieb some more of the fun/
( How to kill Bed Bugs.—Chain their hind
legs to a tree, then go round in front and make
ffioulKs at them. 1
ALL NOT LOST TEAT’S IN DANGER.
That we should be dlightly’stunned by our
unexpected reverse before Manassas is natural
enough. That it should set us all thinking is
' and will be very useful.
No nation has worked 1 upwards to greatness
without reverses ; scarcely.ever whs a war won
without defeats, And it;is alwayßitopefulwhen
!■ the reverses and the defeats ate in the begfin'
uing. : • _
Washington lost New York, lost Philadel
-1 phia, retreated over the Hackensack; over'the
: Passaic, over the Raritan, over the Delaware,
and expressed his determination to retreat over
every river and mountain in America before
I he gave up the righteous cause. The, most re
-1 markßble exploit of the greatf st general in the
Revolution, next to Washington, was' bis won
' derful retreat, over one Southern river after
another, until the whole Atlantic seaboard was
lost to the infant Republic. Yet Washington 1
crossed the Delaware pnd Green lived to see
Cornwallis taken. ,
The war of 1812 wkk begun amid defeat
after defeat. Washington was taken; the
shameful route at crimsoned every
American cheek ; Hulllsurrendered in such a
way as to make the whcile land feel as if- honor
and courage had forsaken it forever; the flower
of Kentucky and the iYest fell at the liter
Raisin. But all was not lust. The spirit of
the nation rose ’’-gLer and higher, until “ out
of jh- nettle danger ijt plucked the flower
■ safety.” , : ' r
It seems to be Over tha law in great tinder
takings that the bone and muscle are too hardr
eued by adversity. All great men are tried in
this way. They gradually learn to “ suffer
and be strong, and the strength thus learned
gives the success that ends the suffering. Our
nation has obeyed this l(iw of greatness. Too
many glorious interests I are bound up in her'
to leave her success in doubt; too many noble
hearts are throbbing in pjrayer for her to allow
her to go down in such a stotm as this. She
has outrode many a worjib gale, and she will
come grandly into her destined haven.
Ij.vtE Squibs from tueiLocistille Jol'RXAh.
—There are now two Gbternors in Virginia,
Gov. Letcher and Gov. Rierpont. But Virginia
isn’t wide enough fore two 1 Governors. Eithef
Letcher will .extend his sceptre over Wheeling,
or Pierpontr will reach his out over Richmond,
We bet on Pierpont.
A St. Louis p-'per says that Gov. Jackeon is
a fighting man. We suppoee he will fight if it
is absolutely necessary, but there are a great
many things ho would rather do, and we guess
running is one of them.
Mr. Lair, of the Florida iVerc-s, says that we
are Abolitionists, and defies us to deny it. We
have heard of bearding this lion In his lair, but
we don’t care to beard the Lair in his lyin’.
The Columbia (S. 0.) Times says that a hit
ter stream has been running into South Caro
lina’s cup of suffering. That cup should be
full bv this time —unless it leaks.
Wdespect, that, notwithstanding Gen. Scott’s
high’ character and illustrious service?, the
Virginians, during bis tour through their State,
will turn their backs on Trim.
The insurgents protest that they won’t pay
their debts-to the people of-the United States,
and yet the United States are' determined to
draw in them at first sight.
There is no longer the least danger that the
Confederate troops will shake in their shoes,
for the poor Mluas have no shoes to shake in!
This Government has determined, and wisely
determined, and is sustained therein by the
people, that our independence shall be con
quered.—Augusta [Georgia)’, Chronicle. '
Which do you suppose is most likely to con
quer your independence—Jeff. Davis or Old
Abe.
, The ..Southern organs dare Gen. Scott to
strike before be is ready. That’s a cheap way
of gaining a character for daring.
Dear Tennessee, don’t be distressed because
you are undone. Gov. Harris and Gen. Pillow
Will do you. f
Jl’he Disunionists call Old Abo “ The Gorilla.”
llow do they like the gorilla [warfare?
■ The Enfield and Minnie Rifles. —The En
field derives its name from frqm the place where
it is made, namely, the government armory
at Enfield, England, i(nd it is in most rgspects
like the-American army rifle, made at Spring
field, Mass. The barrel of it is formed of the
best charcoal iron ; its length is thirty-nine
inches; 580 of nninch; it hhs three grooves,
one sixteenth of ,an inch deep. Thq pitch'of
the gri oi cs is six feet and nine, inches. .A hol
low conical ball, with a plug of boxwood placed
‘jp the base is used in this rifie. A graduated
hack sight, set fur ranges from 200 to 1,000
vards, is fixed on all the Enfields. ,
The Minnie rifle derives itstname from Lieut.
Minio of the French infantry, who first ap
plied the hollow expanding bql'.et to the army
rifle, and by whose exertidns it was first
brought into actual army use. The French
rifles have four grooves, .02758 inches in width,
1.00758 in depth, and one turnjin six feet. The
bullet is bpllpw and conical,[and weighs 494
grains ; no wedge is now used. . Formerly ele
vating sights were fixed on,' all the French
army’s rifles, but these have been dispensed
with so as to render the arms; more simple.—
Jibe back sight of the rifle is elevated at seventy
eight of an inch above the barrel.
1 A French soldier of the line aims at the
waistband of the fun, and witfi rifle sight he is
sure to strike him within or kt 289 yards dis
tant. When firing at a greater distance, he
uses his thumb nail for a backlight, by placing
it across the barrel, and by jjong practice in
judging of distances by the) eye, he obtains
wonderful precision in his a(m. The special
dorps of Chasseurs nnd ZouavCs have elevating
sights on their rifles. —{Scientific American.
Some one winds up a sketch 4f a journeyman
printer with the following: 'ffhe world is his
ebuntry—he basks in the sunshine of every cii
mate. The hones of his couiriids whiten alike
the plains of Mexico the hillside of the Crimea,
and the barren wastes of the Arabian' desert.
At what point do armies generally enter hos
tile Cities. At the point of th? bayonets. -
| Rate* of .Advertising.
Advertisements will be charged $1 persquaro of 10
lines, one or three insertions, and 26 cents for every
subsequent insertion. Advertisements of less than 10
lines considered a? a quaro. The subjoined rates will
be charged for Quarterly, Half-Yearly and Yearly ad
vertisements:
Square, -
2 do.
i column, -
i do.
■ Column, -
Advertisements,not having thennmbor of iinsertiong
desired marked upon them, will be published until or
dered out and charged accordingly. .
Posters,-Handbills, Bill-Heads, Letter-Heads andall
kinds of Jobbing docs,in country establishments, ex
ecuted neatly and promptly. Justices’, Constable’s,
and other BLANKS constantly on band. -
“SO. 1.
Did you ever consult the mirror to ascertain
whether you were growing old—to detect, if
you could, a pair of feet, and a crow's at that,
ot the corners of yoiir eyes—to see if that gray
hair somebody charged yon with haying yes
terday, was nothing but a peculiar reflection of
tibe light, and not much whiter than the ace of
'■desafter all ? But the mirror is nothing to
" ’-‘ion-.! it reflects to very little
—■"■’Jin.Lage ie do-
go'to for in
purpose. If you would
ing for you, look upon the face of a friendyoit
Lave not seen in ten years, and the story is as
plain as n pike staffl Jfbere is something
or other about him you. ippnnot quite under"
stand ; his features are a little sharper, the ex*
pres.-ion of bis eyes a little colder, of bis brow
a little harder, of his mouth a little firmer. 'To
be sure his laugh hasn’t gone, but then a tooth
or two has. He is 1 ' the same, yet not that same,
bat somewhat harder and rougher, and hot.so
much of him as of old*.. . , , „ '
But the strangest of all is-his hand. 1 That
has grown old faster than his face. How soft ;
and smooth it used to be, you remember,
plump as a partridge. There was a tracery of
blue veins upon the bach of it, and you and ha
vised to read each other’s ; fortunes,.and life*
journeys, in the meandering currents that
flowed on so quietly just under the surface!
But it is mure like a claw now,' us if ho irncd It
in digging. Then it is brown as October;- the
full rounded muscle ha's shrank away from the
reins, and they stand out like ridges in a fair
low. Veins indeed! they look like a handful
of whip-cord. There is a knotty look; and-a
knotty feel about the joints, as if you were
grasping.a handful of walnuts. Then, again,
his hair has grown wiry, or bristly, or gray, or
thin, or something that it war not, for the ttulH
i«. it is growing upon an old head. | -
You think, as you look.at him, “is it possi
ble !” and he keeps you company with hi£
wonder, “ how can it be,” and in that lookj
yob have seen yourself, as he sees you, pa
dll scb yob; os you arei.. i , .
How and What to Read. —Read much, but
not many works. For ,wbat purpose, with wbat
intent do we read? We readrnot for, the sake
of reading, but we read to the end what wo
may think! Rendingis valuableonly os it may '
supply the materials which the mind itself elab
orates. As it is not the largest amountbf food
taken into the atoniach that conduces toTteaUb;
but such a quantity of such a kipd as can Bo
digested ; and so it is not the greatest.compli
ment of any kind of information that improves
the mind, but such a kind as determines the
intellect to most vigorous energy. Theonly i
profitable kind of reading is that in which w,e
are compelled to think Intensely, whereas that
reading that serves only to dissipate and. divert
our thoughts is either possitively hnrtfuVor
useful only as an occasional relaxation froibse-,
vere exertion. Rut the amount of vigorous
thinking is usually in the inverse ratio of mul
tifarious ' reading. Multifarious reading -is
agreeable, but as ft habif, it is, in its way.asde- '
structive to the mental as dram drinking is to
the bodily health. “Our age,” says,' Horder,'
“is the reading tigs,” and he adds, “It wonld
have been better in my opinion; forthewprld
and fur science, if, instead of the multitude of,
books which now overlay ns, we possesed. bat a
few works good and sterling, and which, !as
few, would be therefore dilligently and pro
foundly studied.— Sir William Hamilton.
A gentleman, on a visit to Washington one
day very coply opened the door of the Senate
Chamber, And was about to pass in when the
door keeper asked, —"Are you u' priveleged
member?" . , ~ . - -
"What do you mean by ttat if” aikecl £ho
stranger; . s,.
The reply was, |‘A governor, an ex-member
of Congress,' or minister;’’ |. v
ThoNstrarger replied that he was a minl.i-
ter. ; •_ . ,
“From what court dr county, if you please ?”
asked the official.
Tory gravely pointing up, the stranger re
plied;, "From heaven, sir !” , j.
To this the doorkeeper waggishly remarked:
"This government dt present holds no inter
course with that foreign power.’’
This was during Buchanan’s administration^
AuERNfTHV ,vxn his Match.—A lady on one
occasion entered his consulting-room and put
before him an injured finger, without saying
a word. In silence. Abernathy dressed the
wound, when instantly and silently the lady
put the usual fee on the table, and Retired. - In
a few days she called again, and offered the fip
ger for inspection; “Better ?” asked the sur
geon. "Better!” answeredithe lady, speaking
for the first time. Not another word followed
daring the rest of the interview.—Similar vis
its were made, at the last of which the patient
held out her finger perfectly healed. “Well”
was Abcrncthy’s monosyllabic inquiry. “Well/,*
was the lady's answer. “Upon my soph niadj
am,” exclaimed tfo>surgeon. "you are the most
rational woman I ever met with I’’ '
A Liab. —Among the ninny anecdotes of
Buena Vista one heats ail others. An Arkan
sas soldier being wounded, an Iri.-hraaii
to take him off the field.. The latter did so by i
assisting him to mount, and strapping Kim on
his horse, the Irishman riding before. Daring
the ride the wounded Arkahsian had hie head
cut off by a cannon ball, unknown to his com
panion.—Arriving at the surgeon’s quartet!}
the Irishman was asked whtft he wanted, : .
“I brought this man to have his leg dressed,”
said tat.' ; t; . ,
"Why,” replied the, surgeon, "his head is
shot off"!” • .
“Tlae bloody liar!” exclaimed Pat, looking;
behind him; "he tould the he was only shot in
the deg.
How to Make a Zofeiv*. — We get our infor
mation from one of the French drill sergeants
himself; thus: _ 7
“Take a recruit—keep him forty-eight hours
—nothing to eat; den march him forty-eight
hours-—nothing to eat; den let him like
thunder forty-eight hours— nothing to cat J ded
by gar he on;; E aife'.”
3 aoSTBB. 6 JtQSTHS. 12 MOUTH*
$3,00 $4,60 $6,00
MO 6,SQ. "'B,OO,
7,00 lO'pO
8,00 9,50' I?,6B
15.00 20,00 80,90
25.00 55,00 60,0<
OEOWIECO OLD.