Terms of Publication, THE TIOGA CODNTY AGITATOR is pub. Itabad every Thursday Morning, ami mailed to suh aetims at .the X ey - price, of One Dflto annua), * fs inidndS ed to notify dv^y ‘ sdBsdriwr’‘ivt/eri the. ternj for wfitt%trhis'paitl rfihlF'beve'expired, 1 by'lhd'tjtimp -~f*,Tuadi Quid’ on. the njafgjti-pf Uje I*4 pjper. Thp, paper .tyill be stopped, .until a,, further, re mittance be received. By {/ns arrangement he’mW id debt to the prmter;'- '■ ‘•■Me Aotwios'ia.Jhe Official PaptriolUhe Corns orcadz !y iricrotzsiog ci rciijUitioo; reaching .into nearly, every neighborhood ip .the County- B 1» sent free of pqathge toany Phstdffica within Hie county .limits,end tothose living * irtuh IW Ciaiflspßilt whose most con venieirt poftoffioeHnayi baditaAJidioming’County.." .... ~o s ,;Besi!«SB ; qardsj not exceeding 5 linca paper In, eluded, $4 j>pr,year; < 1 ‘ Ojp'rd. Wm W 'ttosfi fiouniy 'M r \ ■ -;v , (^ct f M y XBSG,. ' ■ i ;I ■ By.Dlt.-fc. K.; THOMPSON- V . " „■ . . Wiujboro, o<?r-271h 1857. ,' E*- C- K. TiloMPb'ON' J)cdr Sir: The undcr »ljwd members Drifite 1 Eiecuiive Committee of the Cqqrttjr Ag¥fedUt(ral Fair, respectfully request if you ‘it copyi't ifeadtfressdchveKiTby yba at the Agricultural Mir on(hc2tf ihsl foc ;M * ■ Very-RCspCctfully.: ! ' ■ Ji,F. DotukWsorf/ H«SRV SHfC^tytwo,. G, IX Smith. , ', :n I-.:.' L •'Ms: Pbbsidbni' and BnrVraEir Farmers j. TWidh-to si#/a few' wards,by- way ofexpla mitote 6efiSrfcJppobeedißg- ' with ‘way discourse.; ft 'Was rmWdr lalei when \ I received my invi tation td deliver, oi:. My.time has been bro ken up by an unusual amount' of medical business;, andbetween thisrianddoing my f«hn work, l hfcva had buLliUletime to give twits produxfltoifc If, :mf:rbtnatk*', somewhat disconnected ind out of joint, I, hope you ■ will ■ make'. piopexn«U*waß<je and. overlook imperft*:uoMin.?iyle -and .give, me due credit for wb&t ja valuabis. It is with- noi slight .degree of embarrass-- mem that I appear before yrnt.-ladelwerlhis, address. This arabsrDassmeeiaiises.in part, from my not 'being .accustomed. to apeak in public- I-never addressed i, public assembly.- of any sine,- and you, must alt admit thatil am pitced.w quite- a conSpicueaa position to-. deliver a “njaiden-speychdl '.Eut.ihis is not; my greatest .source <>f embarrassment. . I am about !a-speak, of the. faults and deficiencies of my hearers. aad I may give offense to some—perhaps to many. It is not agreeable, to be told of our faults and imperfections al though-we: alb-have; them. ■ But Lcojnc hcre to say iaomdthipg-.tar the benefit of farmers,, nndrb cannot point out lo (been any method, of-improvement without, telling them also, wfiereio they-are-deficient.-'l-f-.J,say any-: Ihiog'T-must letl-'lbe truth t; udl hops.broih er farmers you will bear witiiono and.not he offended if I dor tell you. theplain.Oflked irqtfi —unpolished and unvarnished, yea,'and un taraislied by the -polluting touch of; flattery and deception;l alisfl not slide ground the truth by. telling smooth lies lo cover your im-, perfections anil tickle. your- vanity. But in this 1 'am not'orthodox or at least I am not fashionable. - Agricultural addresses are gen erally or nt’feasr 100 often full of flattery and —lies, (-white lies -some, call ibem—others designate them-by the term soft soap.) - Aye, and f might aimostvsay ,ii is modern usage lo talk arouodlfindoverand under the truth, in stead nf r-nminn ,i„ht «trainlii tn ting it-ouh. I have known speakers to gel up and tell the farmers that they were,the most intelligent class of men on earth; that no- , wherein, the whole-world among any other' class of men could’.-you find such a degree of. intelligence: ae exists among,- the farmers. — Now farmers; you and, I know belter. You and I know and every else knows, that there are scores andhoqd/etls and, thousands of men in the world who have followed some literary pursuit during their wfioie lives and . we cannot dpubt tfaat they possess-q hundred times, the intelligence thpl we dp. I; have known, ministers, of the gospel even to arise , before a congregation end deliver a beautiful, flowery sermon’upon .the apbjoct.of the very great amount and variety pf sin. that exists in the, world, occasionally hinting that possibly some of these sins might exist in a alight de gree among same of the members pf their congregation : whereas what they wished and perhaps fell it theiqduty to say was that some of the members of iljat same congregation and perhaps church members were indulging in great and evident sins, and they (the rain. islers).knew it,Bpiihis ,1s a digression,, I will proceed with, my subject. I shaU aim as I proceed lo give a tru'hlhl sketch of, what ( consider deficiencies (and- which I think you can but acknowledge up;SBph)-and then point pul asmeav-ly as I.qanW proper, remedies,. ,My friends the' greal/fauU the greqt defi ciency w;(h you, ( the great impediment in the way of your improvement’ and 1 comparative perfection IB the'several departments of your profeshibn is ignorance The great, stumb ling block in the way of agricultural improve ment and the advancement, of. agricultural science.is ignorance on the P«.rt of those, who practice agriculture; ■.< Agriculture in its prop er and most comprehensive signification is a most noble calling. It is first in nobleness because i, is firsl.it> necessity. It is lo agri culture fl at we owe our. present existence in (his world. Witfiout-lood. we cannot five, — Money, gentility, (ashiefl or■ extravagance cannot sustain life, -Blot out agriculture-as an employment and you-blot opt the human .race. Again, it is equal if notisuperipr to why of the learned professions from, the amount of science it contains, or, rather should contain. It, presents a greater, minx*, her and variety of subjects for scientific in vestigation than any-'oiher profession. BiU farming as practiced by the mass of- farmers is by no means an elevated calling; not is it so considered—not even by the farmers them selves. They are- accustomed to admit by commah consent (and too often lo.consider U a mailer of necessity—a, sort.pi fai.ality which can never be controverted or. altered) hat many and most other .classes,of raen.are and must be their superiors in education and mteilig ence- Bur sometimes farmers have a n, rU i m j l ', tlg They, complain that they are >bv.u d ? wn - u fl oQ —that they are. not np , a °d respected equally with many oiher . y "I ree n— that they are not elected to pub ho Office? which require men ofeducation, imelligcQce and, business tact to fill them— hat they seldom get lo,Congress, ip the Leg islature, or even to any officp beyond the.so.- pert isorship of their own township. But IT A TOR. ,9.K 0 '' :u vs™ xsfcsn* to san” cease/^ YOJh.IV. pr-oyeji;ftsk this .state of !hiog,0 I! and wfeep ih«r : missions safe ! 3W.i(h9y-fsQille 49 w .P1 of contented ignorance, ,W?ith,tpp many, f fl rai, mg-ikia yearly round .of igporantunprofitablo i r oi( .and (drudgery,, . Apd. ,«i ith, another da,ss more jweUigepLf erbaps it is lßP,pfipfl .ap anf naal.foundmf operations fog whiphthey ; qan ■ give, no .Intelligent reason, qor any, reason i oply tbaUhey hayo always done sp. andVheir fathers and grandfathers. before tb.e®.. They ppsg^safiosnieflcqandofcoa rpe cannot!Bpply, any in; prscftoetThere,ija-qo Standard.-of education,,with larmqrs,iq _&ftt ;no education is,required., , Any hoy-who has | j never-attended apd canpeilher, read nor writei con learn,. to hold a plow; drive a team. Jay.up rails into, a fence, swing an axe.end a-scythe-and handle a, hoe ; and jif he does all this well he is pronounced a good fanner. - ~Tj)is.is..i)Ol all ; for npt.oply is education opt required, „bqt hS; flisny .it is tenns/dered of no use -ond ..actually- discour, agori.j' lf/fl farmer’sr-bpy , is naturally incli, ned-itp,resdihg:he,- is. called; lahy,.ort|Bred.tq RUt flp. hia bonk and’ told that, he cannot get ricA that way,., Aaotber son who spends, double thodime thal this one doan. wjfh his, hooks,.and twice the money,in goinglo hs/lpj. apple-cuts,.shin-digs, candy-parlies, 'sfaigh,, rides and,chasing.after the girls iscposidared :aji right if-ibo lets booka-atope aaddoes bis, work well—just aa hie laihsr.does-it. ■ . ~My fciendsi: Ami 1 too severe or unjust ini these.remarks ? ; Look about you and 1 see.— Take-a tour thrOugh any (own'drrrhia county,', for instance, or through all of them, and-see how 1 great a proportion of the, farmers lead he clahsed among'the educated and really iatei-.< ligent portion of community. Take.note al. sohow many of"them .are deficient in the 1 Very rudiments -of education—who cannot, dvetvread and- write, and { think you will roc turnwith a full- conviction that my. remarks are not untrue or -unjustly, severe. . I have been astonished sometimes at the-number of I farmers who could not sign, their own name, to-a receipt or a due. bid. -According to the census reports.of ths State .of- Pennsylvania f0r,1850, the proportion 6f white adults over twenty years of age-who cannot read and. write to the whole white population is^one.lo fifty, and I. judge the proportion is as great among farmers as among olher classesof men except day laborers. In this county alone the proportion is still greater. There are 23,987.whi1e inhabitants in the county. Of ' Ihese 827 cannot read and-write. This is. a; ratio of onedo twenty-nine.. ■ With such facts before us is it any wonder that agricultural science lags behind all .the! other sciences; in tyfetWhSUWll-l «Ja..jk. i7 «.av;ituo,r si™™ who -have naturally bright intellects and in quiring minds should lire of the monotony of ; farm life where all they, do and all they- see and hear from day lo day and from year to year is-work —work—work; and that finally they'desert the farm-to become mechanics, merchants, lawyers, doctors, or ministers ; or perhaps to float upon the tide of speculation to wealth or ruin? Is it.very strange that many do look upon farming as an bumble calling fit only for ignorant minds and strong arms ! Even farmers. themselves (many of them) look down upon their ;own profession and look up lo every other,' They educate their sons, if they educate them at nil, for lawyers, doctors die., and.-those who cannot he thus educated educate tletnaeZnes for. farm ers, as it happens. If a farmer has an un commonly bright boy, whom., he.;wishes, to make'his. mark-in; the. would he- f’s forthwith . aeht.io the medicalor lawschooh ■■ And.ifhe has another boy more dull he sends him .to the barn yard to get his education by shovel ing manure. • ; ' . Now farmers, what is the remedy for these great and manifold evils? You all know-; (every one must answer — Education, Knowl edge. Not education in the common restrict ed accepta!ion..of.the! term,.which means an acquaintance merely with those studies which are prescribed in schools and .colleges. But education in its broadest sense—which paeans knowledge—knowledge of literature—knowl edge of the sciences—knowledge, of the world in all its senses—knowledge of all created things o( which we can obtain any knowledge, and knowledge of. the Creator Himself so far as finite minds can comprehend Infinity A young pian may go through the common school, the high school and :lhp college and still corns out as empty headed and ignorant of practical knowledge and general useful in formation as my old skeleton or as,a certain animal which has very long.ears. And whieh .is not very uocptnmoij, he may be so inflated with gas or .in other words with vanity and self conceit jthaVthere,.is, no room left for anything of a practical useful nature., --There are such things as educated fools. Men.who have gone through.the prescribed course at college and still have po genera) information, no knowledge of the world, and no practical knowledge of anything omstde the college door. These are not the men we waptfor farmers., : This is not the, kind of education 1 shall recommend fpr farmers. The human mind is a More, house, for .the re, caption.of,bales and cargoes: of .knowledge. A college course expands ‘J>e aesvthe storehouse but does not nn. jt. *■ education for which I am contcnding and which .1 urge upon you is a mentnUtorehouse fell ef . knowledge,, whether 'hat Jiouse he great of small. A Ul(le barn well filled is better than a big ope empty., Then farmers gel knowledge, - Knowledge is what you need more than anything.and everything else.-r Then. why wiU.you not get! ill You all nave the'time and,can have the means for obtain ing,it. Knowledge is the great lever power by which the profession is to be advanced and elevated. Then (armors each and all of you " GOUKT¥, PA. 3 THURSDAY MOROT& 5, 1857. i» : vjciin: » lake hold, apd lift. Some of you may hot lift much .at. first, hut the more you iiji the more .you, aprf lift., The pxpfciss. 'w>’ili make you stouter. A little (toovyiedge, makes room for more, and.lliouae of [fjat.suppites more. Thus, by meeps' of a .little.,labor .(continued labor) in fhe agbl direqtiap'/we. caa accom plish much. 5 . ■ :The means to be used for our advance ment, jp, knowledge simple.'' Np extravagant; .outlay of money, no college course is reauired, Rpading and study with a proper selection, of resdipg, matter Will do the whole,, > Then, farmers', .rea_d !;I repea read. Reflect upon what you reed; and la) with olhers-who read. .'Be careful .that what you read is I valuable.' Be careful- that ‘ the knowledge you gat hganp fopi stuff in it.— There is much trash,in the, world,Which you should not read.. . llead books of instruction upon all subjects. - Any, kind of information Will, come in .play. ;.Bpt do.hot forget to read good farm,papers, and farm books and good newspapers. You , are now the, representa py.es of the profession. ..Then sUive,,(Q have it totter.rnpres|n!ed as each year rolls around, And iy.hep,you,gp off the stage ofVction en deavor (c) leave,a.posterity .nacre'intelligent tiia ,P .yon- are. to fill. y our places. Many, of you had no advantages of early education, and of course you cannon now go back,;ip learn the rudiments ofscienqp; kut edupate,.yQur children. You have learned much from, experience. Teach ypur.soasjbis,.apdeducate them. Educate them for farmers and your daughters, for ■ . , All boys-who are Ip become farmers should learn the. rudiments ihoraugly, npt stopping, short of a good knowledge of spelling, readt t.hg, writing, arithmetic, geography, gram rtmr, natural philosophy, chprpislry and geolo- in addiiipn to this they should read at their leisure,..history, books of tmve), and apy apd all books frpm which they can obi tain valuable information, and keep them splves posted- up,.through the.newspapef.sdo regard tp .what is. goipg ,on ,in_ihe vyqrld around., They should of course jead,books and papers upon farmings but they should opt read the trash with which the country is flooded—thosp silly, blood-and-murder love and-get-married newspaper.stories and novel-, eties which are- spread aliroad. into, every nopk and corner of the Iqnd, poisonin'* and vitiating the tastes of all who read the'rn'.— Farmers’ boys should be sent,to school piore and, more steadjly than they are (unless they can be taught at home, .which is- preferable on account, of the iniquity they learn at school.) They should study their lessons tfld, whpn lllftv atojll ColvorO inclpftH aT uiin w Cam ’ or ine as many of rnefti ao. — There is one great difficulty in this, matter. Our common schools are poor. The teach ers many times Jo not understand wTiafthey attempt to teach ; and they arefull as apt to teach-error as truth. We must do’all.w'e can to bring about a ‘reform in this matter, by rejecting poor teachers and usinglour best efforts to get good ones. Until this can be done we must instruct our home' all we can (those of us who .are qualified to do so) and sppd them to Academies all we are able. And the boys, and .young mep must read and study by themselves-,at home during their leisure hours. No young men need make, the, excuse that they have not lime to read! Many of them ,do or nothing during the', winter, all of them have' winter evenings at fhetr Wliat 1 think we very much need is good cqmmoq schools and agricultural high schools. These high schools should be prepared id fake boys fro/ri the.beginning or after they have passed through the common school and leach them'all the arts and sciences which can have aqy, application, tp the practice ol agriculture. I think ‘there should be one of these in each county. There are .mote boys to be educated or who shopld be educated fpr farmers than for. anything else. These schools should ‘establish hstandard, of educa tion and no young min should be considered competent to.practioe farming until be has. at tained to it. Wfe‘should have, for teachers in these sohooli’prnoiicQl scientific farmers—it indeed enough such can bp [bund, and if they cannot sot much the more shame’ to the pro fession. Dd I place , too. great a value upon theory? I think not. What would you think of mraan stylipg himself “doctor” and start ing With pill-bags in hand to yisitand pre scribe for the .sick before be bad ever looked inside of a medical bnok 1 Would you em : ploy-him? No! You would say at once he has gone, through no-course of studyi He has not, learned the theory of medicine and how can he practice it.? He might *t> b® su * e learn something from experience, but J»e would killineoriy all his, patients. by his ex periments while he was, learning. So the farmer who knows nothing of the science ol farming may till a farm but at the same time he may wear out and kill bis farm by,bis,ex periments while he is gaining a little knowl edge, ,1 know, farmers (and they are con sidered good farmers) who are now this very year wearing out tboir .farms, and foi tne very reason'that they have: no knowteoS® the science o( farming except what they have laartied from their own experience. It. .is,not all of farming to.do farm-work well; .nor,is it ,the whole of farming to raise great crops. Raising good crops and keeping up Iho farm are what constitutes good farming. Apd .this can only he dine by the aid of science past ed by experiment. , •■ - My friends,.-our cause is advancing and pretty rapidly in sorae>seclions of our country. Agricultural hooks are published and read 5 Agricultural journals are-published and read,” ♦There are in all fifty-two journals, amj papers prink'd in the United Stales which devote all or, a (Bmi-am sorry lo ssy neither are distributed and raadio ibis-vicinity to the extent that theyshouldbe. However: the. number'l. dm encouraged fo think ’is! yearly t increasing/) Soientific’jnen are hecomingfa rrnets ini djft ferenlieoolrons. These mdo wiflhelp to roll on rhe-car ofimprovemem arid advance urn science. But most l of them have no practical knowledge of farm labor hnd of cotfrse they will do some things amiss. Whatwe want tnhst is-not to haVe scientific men who htive beew brouoht=up and spent a good part of their manhood ‘in someother profession! becorrie farmers,'but to have s practical farmer's become scientific; men. This' is whar We need.-i Science Is what we all need, and God that ! could make you see it and feel'll. Especially do we need a knowledge of Natu ral Philosophy, Chemistry and Geology,— These all have a practical a special appltha lion fpour business;' We'want to know the nature arid composition of 'differririf soils as well as their chemical constituents. We want fo know the nature and’habits and the chem ical constituents of'different vegetables. We want to know vyhat chemical component parts of soils are food for (his plant and that plant, in ofder that we may by the proper, applica lion of manures supply /hose in, which the, soil is deficient,and which the. plants need—' supplying oqe- deficiency for one crop and another for another crop. We need a knowlr edge, of Natural Philosophy to enable us ia understand the. philosophical and practical operation, and benefit of. farm implements and. machines, and to guide us, in the purchase of the samp. • One simple blunder in regard, to therules of philosophy may’slitye a,machine to flinders, which cost us a hundred dollars or oiore. We want acknowledge of ihe anpiq. my and diseases of horses, cat tie, sheepand swine in order to be able to cure their disea. ses and save loss. Wo want a knowledge also of the. laws of their physiology to.aid-us in. breeding successfolly. _ , Farmers, there is no end toaarwanis, end .whsn.will iheoe wants be supplied.. I judge not very soon when Ilorik atthe conduct of the boys end young men on this Pair ground who are to be-our successors in business.—a These Pairs are got up : (or the benefit of farm ers and farmer's sons. Bat how much do you suppose these boys and grown up young men will learn who come here and carouse and get drunk rind nse profane language and' talk slang. Many a boy I venture to say after this Fair is over can give no account of ihe animals exhibited outside or the fruits and fabrics exhibited inside this building,- but he can tell how much fun he hod chasing that old horse around here the first day of ihe .i —.— _ upon these grounds during the past three days. And more than this he can repeal many a vulgar, oalhiand obscene expression which he lias beard Here from the lips of drunkards and rowdies.. We can receive but small en couragement from .such demonstrations and such effects as these. 'There is one thing more which farmers need and very much need, and that .is statis tics.- By statistics (and by no. other, means without them.) we caaarriveat facts.; Every farmer who producesran.animal oi,a crop of grain should kecpao account of the.manner in which he produced-it. -Every animat and article which is exhibited at this Fair should be accompanied'with a written statement of the course of mariagement pursued in its-pro duction. As it is/ ail is guess work with farmers. They plow and drag and manure and sow and reap' without' keeping- any- ac count of their operations, and Ihey cannof tell two years afterwards how much grain they Raised, nor from how much land; nor by what particular process or mode of culth vation they raised it, How can they in this way gain even any amount of experimental knowledge of Which they so much . bonst, whicli they prize sp highly and’which they say is so much better than all our science*or as they term it, theory. Experimental knowl edge is good,'aye, of very great importance, but.you, can readily see that the great major ity of farpners fail to- obtain even that-. Farmers- bring here- to this .fair their great lubberly calves, their monstrous bulls and oxen rolling in fat, .and their horses so sleek and -glossy and so plump and fat that they can scarcely travel and the unthinking are led to exclaim, “Whata breed of horses!”— “What a breed of cattle!” Whereas when we come to ascertain the facts in the case we find that these same animals (many of them) have , been stuffed and over-fed until they have cost their owners more than the, premi ums which they get lor them arid their bodies to boot. We learn nothing of the compara tive value of different breeds of animals from such experiments. We learn nothing from them only that animals can be made to grow very large by, a great deal of stuffing, fa successful experiment is the production of a good animal ni a less. cost than the real in trinsic yalue of. the animal itself. This Js portion of their columns to agricultural matter— About three-fourths, of the number are: purely agri. cultural. The remaining one-fourth arc newspapers which devote a portion of their space to agricultural subjects. The only strictly agricultural publishing house in this country or in the world is that of C.-M Saxton & Co/ (now A. O. Moore) 140 Fulton street N. V. Thia-.boose has within the last down-years grown front .nothing to a" .nourishing and Wealthy estahMsilmeol.. In regard to■ the reading ol hooka and papers upon iiirmio&l would say that l re ,“-“>; mend no one to lake any book of paper and under, lake to adopt: it as a rule to guide him in'atl his farm operations. Agricnltural hooka and papers are most, ly useful in lie diffusion and interchanging nl 100 t and intelligence atnof'g farmers apd in tpiai resjwct they are-very useful- / But they contain much that is practical, and a farther somMiroea meeU. wpifan article "in. his; paper which lie; ,can applyi directly in his.practice, and thia article alftfte, id n>*oy cases fully pays the coat of subscription tp Kia paper or tha price of a book. : I what we must login ti ■V ,<jp and we must-direct our experiments to this end, keeping a record of (He cdsLas tve"proceed. In this manner wp call teSt the value of different breeds. A bfirtgs a ' monstrous pumpkin to the Tafr ehd'gets a dollar for it and perhaps that same pumpkin is the poly one he raissd. and perhaps he raised lhai ai an expense of time and labor which exceeds 'the dollar he gels ‘(df it - Or perhaps this is ihe'bnfy decent .pntnpkin he raised among, an acre of little otips. We want statistics of crops and sta tistics of everything which we do upon the farni. Your cxpenmenis are good as far as they go, but it you would keep a, belie? ac count of them you wqut(J learn vastly more from them, ’ ! . Let us.farmers,.you and.l, each and all of .us, strive to obtain all the science and. all the knowledge, we. possibly can . and from svhatever source we. can, and let us apply it in; practice,dn the prosecution of our business •ryilh the best rof our own ; ability that our calling .may through out exertions become somewhat advanced and elevated in our dsy and generation. And let-us leach opr Chil dren all that -we;have learned.and tell them to learn all they can besides, that they may advance it stiff farther, i j . Once let farmers become as well educated and wejl ipformed qsmenjof other profes sions and they Wilt be' : gqQaHy respected ; and their low. calling-will .become not only vastly more. lucrative, but lit will becomes noble and desirable profession. - My friends, do not understand fromwhat I have said that I consider ah farmers fools. Far from it. There are in every community, many very intelligent farmers. Still, their number is comparatively small. They are the exception to a general rule. But I hope and pray with allroy heart that the day is not far distant, when intelligence will be the role among farmers, and ignorance the excep lion ■l'should : have preferred -Very much, and probably you would' have preferred lo have me give you a discourse updo some praclicaf subject in connection with farming, such as manures, the proper cultivation of the soil, or the like, to giving you an address upon this subject. Buf I cduld not think of any sub ject, or any number of subjects logelher, of as great importance, as this. ■ Upon the cultivation of farms I will simply hint, in passing, that 1 thinkismall farms and high, cultivation, or large farms and dairy business and raising slock, stiould be the rule. Still, this admits of much variation owing lo the variety of soil and situation of farms. Some farms are wet,or of stiff, cold, clay soil, and-will jaise"better' grain'than ' grasS.’AU farms cannot" be cultivated, alike—not the farms of the same township or even of the same neighborhood. *Two farms, lying side by side, sometimes,need very different culti vation. One may be upon; a bill and very dry, the oilier in a valley itfjd very wet. The soil of one may bp sandy lor gravelly; of ihe other clay or loam &o. i No precise rule of cultivation can be given Which willapply to ail farms. Hence, you pan see,.farmers, the need of greal and great skill to aid us in the proper and .'successful culti vation of,the soil. The knowledge we should have Ip comnaepce with; jthe skill we can acquire from practice,, , .' I ,think ,farmers are quite apt to “miss the figure” by raising-too many kinds of grain —especially upo.O small farms. They have often a patch , of wheat, oals,, barley, grass, buckwheat, peas, beans, cprn, potatoes, lur neps, carrots.&c. .If these; crops ate all well tilled and harvested they [ consume, all the time, through the,Spring (Slimmer and Fall so that there is no, time lefi. for improving the farm-—preparing manures, picking stones, fixing fences, cutting briars, caring for fruh treds, ■ I think it would be a belter plan to raise fewer kinds—raising some kinds one year and others the nexl, &e. ’ This would secure more lime to be applied to other purposes. I intended'!© say something to the ladies (farmers’ wives) about thefr own affairs and the education of their daughters; but I have said so much already that I must not trespass upon your lime much longer. There is much that might be said upon the subject of the physical and mental education of farmers daughter's, and t wish I bad time to say it: bat f must close. I will say briefly in re gard to the specimens which you exhibit here as the productions and evidences of your in dustry and handiwork, that they display a great amount of skill and, inge nuity, and reflect - much ’credit upon your selves. And T think ihey^prove that you are fully up to the men, if not-in advance of them as respects progression inlthe arts arleast, if not in science and intelligence. Life. —The mere lapse of years is not TifeJ To eat, drink, and sjeep ; to be exposed lo darkness and light! pace aroflnd in the miH'of habit, and lo.turh the mill of wealth; lo make reason opr book-keeper, and turn ihowhi into an, implement of trade, this is notlTfe) In ail this,' but "a poor fractional the unconsciousness of humanity is awaken ed, and, the sanctities still slumber which make, it worth' while to ho. Knowledge, truth, love,, beauty* goodness, faith—alone can givp, vitality lo.the mechanism of exis tence?. The laugh pf mirth which vibrates through the heart; the fear which freshens ’the dry wastes within ; the music that'brings childhood back; ike prayer that calls the futurg neax,; the death which'startles its with mystery; the hardship 'which forces ns,to Struggle,;.. the stox iety that ends in trust—are the tiue nourishment that ends in being.. Advertisements will be charged $1 per square of fourteen lines, for one, or three insertions, and 25 cents tyr ejery sntseguenl-insertion. , AJladvcriisc meot} of fourteen Ijieif considered as a J 3“ a ’ e ' The following rates will be charged for Quarterly, ttalf-Yearly and "Nearly advertising'.— , a 6 months.' 12 Ws 1 ojnate, (14 lines,) .50 50 $4 50 •' SG 0(1 . - 4 00 6 00 8 00 J.Coiatnn,, --. . 10 00, 15 00 •20 00 ■ lC Juf'hrL'*-i-' ‘ '■ ,B . o<J ,30 00.' 40 00 t.sem.nte not* hiving the number of in. then*, Will bo-kept i/nfttil of. d«Wd pol,and ohargerUoeordjnglv. ’ , J°r e l ln r c ,°?. ntr y establishments, executed rdaHly and'promptly. Justices* ronsia’. Wea* and olheh BLANKS, donstimtly on haild intf printed to,order. ,i : --i---. H. HT I'.SISVI 53- ; » m xt. A' dorripanyof Southern ladles were one day assembled fp'a'friend’k parlor, when [fie conversation chanced to fu/n-oo Varibly alt fliciion. Each had her story of peculiar (ri als "and bereavements to relate’,’except, one pale, sad looking’ wpmro, whose lustreless eyes arid dejectedair showed that'she was a Rjjey to Ibe deepest l " tnelandffolyl Suddenly snJusihg’ftereelf/she said in a hollow voice': “Not’one of you" knows'what frouble is.” ‘ 41 ” ill you please,’ Mrs. Gray P’ said the kind voice of a lady who knew' yreii her stpi | ry, “tell the ladies what-you call trouble.’” ■ “I will if you’ desire it,” she replied • ••for I MVe seen it-. My parent possessed a com petence, end my girlhood was surrounded by all the comforts ofilife. J seldom' knew an ungratiSed"wish; and was always-gay and tight hearted. -I married at nineteen one-f loved world besides. Our home was felired,-but ihe sorilight nevei'-fcH oa a.lovdie* oad, or on a happier bdusefiolci. Years! rolled on. peacefully. Five, children sat around our trible.and a little curly head still nestled fumy bosom. One night about sun-down on® of- those fierce: black storm* came on, which ard. so cam man in our j Southern climates Formany hours the rain poured down incessantly. Morningdawned, still the elements raved.. The who le Savant nah seemed afloat. The little stream netr our! dwelling; becameu raging Ibrrent. Be* tors -we were aware of it our house was sun - rounded by ;waler ; I-managed with my Labe to reach a little elevated spot, on which a few wide,spreading trees were .standing, whose dense foliage afforded some, protection, while my husband 1 and. sons.strove lo save what they ooiuld of our properly. At .last a fear* ’ ful aurga swept away my husband, and.ha never rase again.. .Ladies-r-no one loved a 1 husband rioter—but; that mas not trouble. ’Presently ray sons danger, and the struggle for life became the only consid eration. i.They were brave, loving boys as ever blessed a mother’s heart; and I watched’ thejr Gffbtts to. escape with such- sgonv ag only moihers .caafeel. They were so far off I could not speak lo them, but I could see them closing nearer and nearer to each other, adtbeir little islpnd grew smaller. “The sullen river raged around the hogs trees ; dead branches,upturned trunks,wrecks of houses, drowning cattle, masses of rubbish all went floating past us. My boys waved their hands to me, then pointed upward. I knew it Was a farewell' signal, and, you, mothers cannot imagine, my anguish. I saw them all perish,’ and yelr-M'at'icas 'not trouble ..... ; ’. ' kept relinng.feefore tt.unUl-an mi-powenui Harid stayed the waves, that they should come no farther. I was saved. All roy worldly possessions were swept away ; all my -earthly hopes wete blighted—yet that was not trouble. ... “My baby was all I had left oh'earlh. I labored night and day to supoorl him and myself, and sought Jo train 3)1111 i n the right way ; but as he grew'older, evil companions won him away from me, He ceased to care for his mother's counsels ;' be- would sneer at her entreaties:ainf agonizing ■ prayers. Ho left my humble roofabathe might'be onre straioed-ih the pursuit of evil; and at last, whan" heated by tvine/onenlgbt he-look the life of a fellow-being, and ended his own upon the scaffold. My Heavenly Father had filled my cop of,sorrow before, tot now ti ran over. That was trouble ; ladles,-such as I hope His mercy will spare you from ever experiencing. There was no dry eye among her listen? ers,; and the warmest,sympatby was express ed for the bereaved mother, whqse sad his tory had taught them a useful lesson. Time foe Matrimony.— Among the an cient Germans, than whom a fiopr race never existed, it was death for a woman to marry before shewas twenty years old. In this coantrv,very few ladies are fit, either physi cally or mentally, to become mothers, before they reach, the age of twenty one,-twenty two, or one or two years still older. ' The unsound condition and constitution of the parent, is usually,transmitted, with increased intensity, to the offspring.; By the laws of Lycurgus, the most special attention was paid to the physical education of women ; and no delicate' or sickly women were, on any account, allowed to marry. Dr. John son, in his work on the Economy of Health, says that matrimony should not bo contracted before ihf first year of the fourth septennial, on the ptirt of the lady, nor before the last year of the same in the‘case of tbs gentle man ; in other words the female should be at least twenty one years of age, and the mile twenty eight years. The.doctor says ibat there should be: a difference of seven years between the sexes, at whatever period oi li'e the .connection is contracted. There is a difference of seven years, not in the aciuat duration of life, in the two sexes, bul in Ihw stamina of the constitution, the symmetry of the form, and the lineaments of the face. to respect'to early marriage, so far. aa it coo< cerna the.sofier sex, for every year at wnicb marriage is entered upon before the ol twenlyione iher.e will be, cm an average, threp years, of premature decay, mote or less ap parent, of the corporeal fabric. A divine informed a sailor that l^e waachained up. . “How long is the rope r “Oh,” was the dignified reply,, “it extends over the whole world.” “Does it,” rejoined Jack, "if sO tho Jobber might as well he loose.” Bales ofAdyerUtius. The Overflowing Cup.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers