. . . . . ~ - ...„ __..-....--_. - . __. _ . ____ ___- ._.___. "... ,0' . '4.7 . • : .., . . . , ' . ..• . . . . \ - V . • - , •• \ .- . . I I .. •. • , ~. ""\--- k 1 1. , 1 . 1 1 L" \ L.,.'....Lf. ~ f . , i \ \ 7 . .... 1 . ("N__ N , L lllll' ... r , 1 , , i 1 i;. i ,t t r . .. , .-„,__. , (It 1 1' ..; • r 4 . ) :. . ' 1 4 :._ . . - --- - r" .1 : , . , .. - 4; 4 i ~_. . . „...„.., .. . .....--N • . A iambi er-- - Pep °tell to politics, Agriculture, fittraturt, c3Citilft, Art, foreign, Pouttstif nab irltrittili 3nitiligtut o Btr. ESTABLISHED IN 1813. THE WAYNESBURG MESSENGER, PUBLISHED BY a. W. JONES & JAMES S. JENNINGS, WAYNESBURG, GREENE CO., PA (Q OFFICE 'NEARLY OPPOSITE THE PUBLIC SQ,UARE..aI ut/zt it SUBSCRIPTION.—. e + 2 . OO in advance ; 32.25 at the ex piration of six months; $2.50 after the expiration of the year. kuvEturtsgstcums inserted at $1.25 per square for three insertions, and 25 cts. a square for each addition al insertion; (ten lines or less counted a square.) [l7'A liberal deduction made to yearly advertisers. 127J0n PHIS TIN°, of al% kinds, executed in the best style, and on reasonable terms, at the "Messenger" Job Office. Magutsburg cf)usintss Curbs. ATTORNEYS DIM L. WYLY. 3. 1. J. BUCHANAN, D. B. P. HUSS. WYLY, -BUCHANAN & HUSS, Attorneys Jb Counsellor, at Law, WAYNESBURG, PA. W ill practice in the Courts of Greene and adjoining counties. Collections and other legal business will re solve prOmpt attention. Office on the South side of Main street, in the Old Bank Building. Jan. 28, 1863.—12, A. A. TURMAN. J G. RITCHIE. PURIVIAN & RITCHIE, ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELLORS AT LAW, Waynesburg, Pa. 117 - All business in Greene, Washington, and Fay ette Counties, entrusted to them, will receive prompt attention. Sept. 11, 1861-Iy. R. W. DOWNER, ATTORNEY AND COUNSELLOR AT LAW 117 - Office in I edwith's Building, opposite the Court Clouse, Waynesburg, Pa. Q. A. PCONNELL. J. J. HUFFMAN. 1111VCONNIZILL & 4ITTORNEYS AND COUNSELLORS AT LAW Waynesburg, Pa. Id -Office In the "Wright Ilk ‘se," East Door. Collections, &c.. will receive prompt attention. Waynesburg, April 23, 1862—1 y. DAVID CRAWFORD, Attorney and Counsellor at Law. Office in Sayers' Building, adjoining the Post Office. Sept. 11, C. A. ULACK. JOHN PHELAN. BLACK & PHELAN, ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELLORS AT LAW offiiie in the Court Muse, Waynesburg. Sept. 11,1861—1 Y. SpLDIERS , WAR CLAIMS! ro. R. P. 33C1CTE14.96 ATTORNEY AT LAW, WAYNESBURG, PENN••, Tar AS received from the War Department at Wadi- Wilton city, D. C., official copies of the several laws passed by Congress, and all the necessary Forms and Instructions for the prosecution and collection of PENSIONS, BOUNTY, 11,g4CK PAY, due dis charged and disabled sold i ers, their widows, orphan Children, widowed mothers, fathers, sisters and broth ers, which business, [upon due notice] will be attend ed to promptly, and accurately, if entrusted to his care. Office in the old Dank Duilding.—April 8, 1863. PHYSICIANS EL M. BLACHLEY, M. IL PECTIVICILLN do SURGEON, Office—Blaahley , a Building, Main Xt., RESPECTFULLY announces to the citizens of Waynesburg and vicinity that he has returned from the llospital Corps of the. Array and resumed the prac tice of medicine at this place. Waynesburg, June 11, 1362.-1). DR. A. G. CROSS WOULD very respectfully tender his services as a PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON, to the people or Waynesburg and vicinity. He hopes by a due appre eission of human life and health. and strui attention to business, to merit a share of public patronage. Waynesburg, January 8, 1862. DR. A. J. EGGY RESPECTFULLY offers his services to the citizens of Waynesburg, and vicinity, as a Physician and Surgeon. Office opposite the Republican office. lie hopes by a due appreciation of the laws of human life and health, so native medication, and strict attention to 1)4111110811, to merit a liberal share of public patronage. April 9, 1862. DRUGS M. A. HARVEY, Druggist and Apothecary, and dealer in Paints and Oils, the most celebrated Patent Medicines, and Pure Liquors for medicinal purposes. Sept. 11, 1861-Iy. j , i'Ma6):l , l•\lo WM. A. PORTER, Wholesale, and Retail Dealet in Foreign and Domes vice Dry Goode. Groceries, Notions, &c., Main street. Sept. 11. 1861-Iy. R. CLARK, Dealer in Dry Goods, Groceries, Hardware, Queens ware and notions. in the Hamilton House, opposite the Court House, Main street. Sept. IS, tB6l—ty. M I NO-R & CO-, Dealers is Foreign and Domestic Dry Goods, Gro ceries, Queeneware, Hardware and Notions, opposite the Green !louse. Main street. Sept. 11, issl—iy, BOOT AND SHOE DEALERS. J. D. COSGRAY, Boot and Shoe maker, Main street, nearly opposite the "Farmer's and Drover's Bank." Every style ot Boots and Shoes constantly on hand or made to order. Sept. 11, 186I—ly. GROCERIES & VARIETIES• •-• • ..... JOSEPH YATER, Dealer in Groceries and Confectioneries, Notions, Medicines, Perfo merles, Liverpool Ware, &c., Chugs of all sizes, and Gilt Moulding and Looking Glass Plates. 7Cash paid for good eating Apps. Sept. It, InCil—ty. JOHN MUNNELL, Dealer in Groceries and Confectionaries, and Variety goods Generally, Wilson's Ni .w Buildin g , Main street. Sept It. 1861-Iy. BOOKS, &o. LEWIS DAY, Dealer in School and Miseelleneous Books, Station ary, Ink, Magazines and Papera. One door east 01 Porter's Store, Main Street. Sept. 11, 1881 ly. . SADDLES AND HARNESS SAMUEL M'ALLISTER, itarkide, Ilarneas and Trunk Maker. old Hank aqiin stmt. IJ, 18111-1* - • TOBALOOO7FISTS. HOOVER & HAGER, Illiumlifaetare.re andiiaall rteigermis rs 114 111 10 Cam ". Pl Abe., 110111011 i Old 161111. appit 11, 18111-Ir. tstdiaitius. A TOUGH STORY. BY PLAIN JOHN Some forty years ago two men, whom we will call Yield and Firm, in the first fullness of maturity, en tered into a business co-partnership. Their place of business was within a mile of the City Hall, and they began with fair prospects of success. '1 he year went round and left a margin. Another fled away and left increas ing confidence. A large stock of goods had just been laid in, and the doors were open for the spring traffic. The stock in hand measured joint credit and personal resources; yet they felt no fear. One night there was an alarm of fire. It touched the warehouse of Yield & Firm, and the ravening flames swept on through story after story, until nothing was left but a few heaps of damaged goods and a black, charred ware house. There was no insurance : for at that day it was not as common as now, and there was no visible relief in the disaster. They met the next morning, and canvassed the prospects. The heavy loss was figured up, and the few par cels that had escand the fire were valued. Things were, indeed, in a melancholy state, and each asked of the other•: "What shall we do ?" "We must compromise," said Yield. "It is utterly impossible for us to pay these debts. We have families to maintain, and, if credit ors will not share the loss, we can do nothing." "But these are honest debts," re plied Firm. "We have had value of them, and they ought to be paid. It will be hard, it is true; but between hard and ought there should be no question." "But it is utterly impossible." "True, it appears so; but we must trust to the patience of creditors and the Providence of God." "Easily said; but you know little of creditors, or you would have less faith in them, whatever you repose in Providence." " Yet Providence may control cerditors as well as the future of our business. We must think this over. What, we'ought to do is plain enough. It is to,pay what we owe, and to pay it in full, just as speedily as we have power to do so. The queStion to be settled now is one of will." They separated and met again, when Yield began : "Well, Firm, what do you think now of paying off these liabilities ?" "The task does not grow lighter by thinking over it; but I have made up my mind—to pay them." "And I have made up mine to compromise or do nothing." Thus the wills were resolved— Yield departing, Firm remaining.— Several days he busied himself amid the rubbish,—no friend on whom to depend but God, no vissible resour ces, apparently a wreck ; yet hold ing fast the purpose he bad formed. One morning a Quaker came in.— "Friend Firm, I see thee has been burned out. What is thee going to do ? Compromise?" "I have not tried that. I am - going to pay my debts—dollar for dollar, if it be possible." Thrice the Quaker dropped care lessly in, each time repeating his for mer question in some direct or indi rect way, adding hints as to the dif ficulty of hia task, and the ease a compromise would bring. At last he said : "Then thee will not com promise ?" "No; 1 cannot do that." "How much does thee need to meet the more pressing claims ?" The reply was given, and the Qua ker said : "Draw on me as thou shalt need." Thus the light dawned after days of darkness. Firm drew upon the Quaker as his needs demanded, and, one after another, paid the claims held againt Lim. Steadily and pa tiently he prosecuted his business, everything prospering in his hands, and making easy the task from which Yield so irresolutely shrank. Years after he spoke of the sharpness of the trial and providential prosper ity that crowned his decision. "I bad a light heart and an easy con science over it, and ever since I have gone up bill like an engine." From an individual instance we may not draw a general law; hat the incident may remind us that there is a Providence to be trusted,—a Providence in whose hands are the heavy clouds, the beggared resources, or the crowding men who intimidate us from the straight path of Chris tian duty. What was given in this ease may be a mercy,—repeated, if not in form, yet in substance, to oth ers of like integrity. The upright walk safely. We do not forget that it is no small misfortune to lose one's earthly possessions ; it is, however, a more tearful calamity to lose one's integrity, for this is what is seldom reg.ained. We call this a tough story, because we fear few will believe it, or, if be lieving, will not act upon its &at lemma. You must follow 'Roar :Ems will; dear reader. Bat it rm. will WAYNESBURG, GREENE COUNTY, PA., WEDNESDAY, APRIL 15, 1863. not, at the outset, believe a pious in tegrity the best policy, you will ? . in the end, believe an infidel dishonesty a bad policy, full of In ischief; pain, and plague,. even for the life that now is. LILLIPUTIAN MARRIAGES. Since the late marriage of Tom Thumb and Lavinia Warren, two of the most perfect specimens of minia ture humanity that the world has produced (outside of Lilliput,), there has been a great deal of speculation as to the proprieties of the marriage, -and as to the authority in history for such matches. Many seem to re gard it as quite unprecedented, but there are several cases on record in which the marriage of dwarfs has been celebrated with great splen dor by kings and emperors. One of the most noted dwarfs, whose history is authentic, was the Polish Count Borowlaski. At 15 years of age, he was 25 inches in height, and at 25 he was 35 inches. He early displayed wit and grace, and was taken into the family of the Countess Humiecka, with whom he frequented the Prussian court. Ho excelled in dancing and in playing on the guitar, and so delighted the Parisian ladies during the year of his residence in that capital that he was once invited to an entertain ment in his honor, at which the plates, knives, forks, and spoons were all of dimensions proportioned to his size. At the age of 40 he married, became a father, and, after giving concerts in the principal cit ies of Germany, visited England, where he was introdnced to the.roy al family, and pail a visit to a giant 8 feet 4 inches high. In London he wrote his memoirs (Bvo., 1788), the undertaking being prtronized by the prince of Wales and many of the nobility, and afterward lived in ele gant retirement in Durham. He possessed superior intelligence, and was said to exhibit most painful emo tions when he perceived himself re garded only as a puppet and a toy. Charles I. of England honored with his presence the marriage of two dwarfs, Richard Gibson and Anne Shepherd, each of whom meas ured 3 feet 10 inches. Waller wrote a poem on the occasion, and Sir Pe ter Lely painted the couple at full length. Gibson rose to celebrity as a painter. In 1710 Peter, czar of Russia, cele brated a marriage of dwarfs with great parade. All the dwarf men and women within 200 miles were ordered to repair to the capital. He supplied carriages for them, and so managed that one horse should be seen gallopping into the city with 12 or more of them. The whole company of dwarfs amounted to 70, and all the furniture and other prep arations for them were pa a minia ture scale. THE ART OF PLEASING. Good and refined women never grow old, and never lose their at traction. The distinguished .women of France, of whom we read in con temporary memoirs, at the age of seventy were found more attractive in society, by all . classesof men, from their nice observation of life, their admirable judgment, the dignified courtesy and feminine softness of their manners, and the exceeding charm and grace of their conversa tion, than women radiant with youth and beauty. A great deal of pleas ure is, moreover a enjoyed by woman, and bestowed upon others, by keep ing up her accomplishments, an by enlarging them according to her taste and inclination. These, wo men are apt to abandon altogether when they marry, forgetting that by doing so they very much dimin ish their pleasure, and lessen their attractions. With respect to the cultivation of branches of knowledge, they can never be very numerous It is better to know a thing accurate ly, than to undertake to know a great deal. To investigate one thing fully until you really know it, has a healthy effect upon the mind ; to run superficially over many, is a mere intellectual dissipation. it ig particularly objectionable to acquire merely to make a display of vhat, we know Knowledge should be loved for its own sake, for the pleasure and the power which it gives, arid not for the vanity of its possession. And she who cultivates it for no.other purpose than to dis play it, will very soon find herself ridiculed by her male, and avoided by her female, acquaintances. It is an error, moreover, to suppose that knowledge is only to be got from books. , It is to be found in every thing about us. Shakspeare spoke of "sermons in stones" before geology was known as a science ; and there lies imbedded in the crust ofthe earth which we inhabit, and everywhere present tti our view, lessons of the wonder and beauty of the creation such as no book can 'Furnish and no author portray. sip-The letters that spell DENT are the initials of the sentence, "Dun -Every Bo . dy Twice;" and the letters that spell CREDIT are the initinis of ' the snatence, "Cali Regularly Every Day-111 Trust." A MISSIONARY'S HORSE. The Canadian Christian Guardian has an article under this head, in which we read : "In the Halifax (Nova Scotia) Wesleyan, of the 19th of January, an article headed 'A Musical Horse' brought - to my recol lection a horse owned by the late Rev. Wm. Peacock, an Irish Wesley an missionary. In the year 1806 he visited the north of Ireland. He had a fine horse, but being constant ly traveling, the horse became lame, and was not able to proceed any fur ther. My brother gave Mr. Peacock au-excellent horse, and kept his— After a considerable time, by rest and attention, the horse partially recovered. The first work the horse bad afterwards was to take the fam ily, in a carriage, to the Quarterly Love feast. By the time they ar rived at the church the service had commenced. The congregation were singing, and as soon as the horse came in hearing of the singing he stopped, and all that could be done he would not proceed further— the family had to alight and walk.— The servant remained with the horse, who stated that as soon as the singing ceased the horse went on as usual. I have seen him tried with a, person on his back, and two or three persons together singing a hymn ; as soon as the horse came within hear ing of the singing he immediatoly stopped, and would not proceed farther as long as they continued to sing. Mr. Peacock said he bad trav eled through every province and county, and preached in every mar ket town in Ireland on that horse's back. The horse was so accustomed to stand during the singing and preaching, that he never moved." HOURS OF STUDY. A very remarkable pamphlet has recently made its appearance in Eng land, containing statements of facts that ought to command the atten tion of the civilized world. The pamphlet is written by E. Chad wick, Esq , C. 8., and published pur suant to an address of the House of Lords. The subject of this pamph let is Education, and it is devoted to the discussion of three matters—the organization of schools, the hours of study, and physical training. Our attention has Wen arrested by Mr. Chadwick's statement of facts in connection with the second of these three subjects—the hours of study : "Struck by the frightful dispro portion between the powers of child ish attention and the length of school hours, he had directed questions to many distinguished teacherS. Mr. Donaldson, head masterof the Train. ing College of Glasgow, states that the limits of voluntary and intelli gent attention are, with children from sto 7 years of age, about 15 minutes ; from 7to 10 years of age, about 55 minutes ; from 12 to 16 or 18 years of age, about 80 minutes ; and continues, have repeatedly ob tained a bright voluntary attention from each of those classes, for 5, or 10. or 15 minutes more, hut I ob served it was at the expense of the succeeding lesson." The Rev, J. A. Morrison, Rector of the sai,f,e, College, speaking on the same sul , jeet, says :—"I will under take to teach.one hundred children, in three hours t day, as much as they can by polAihility receive; and I hold it to be an axiom in educa tion, that no lesson has been given till it has been received ; as soon, therefore, as the receiving power of the children is exhausted, any thing given is useless, nay, injurious, inas much as you thereby weaken, in stead of strengthen, the receiving power. This ought to be a first principle in education. I think it is seldom acted on." SNOWBALLING IN THE ARMY. A letter from the 26th. New Jer sey regiment, dated the 25th ult., states that they were at Camp Fairview, and had just been defeat ed in a snow-ball contest with a Ver mont regiment. About 1000 men were engaged --400 Jerseymen against 600 Vermonters. Before en tering on the engagements, skirmish ers were thrown out on both sides, thd conflia began with oolors flying and the band playing 'Rory (More.' Colonel MORRISON gallantly led his men, ordering them to "charge," "close up en masse," &c., and for some time the issue was doubtful, the air being filled with the flying balls,. and each side cheering lustily. The line of the 26th at last wavered, and though th e reserves were brought up they were of no avail.— Col. Morrison and other officers were taken prisoners, an embank ment in the rear of the 26th was cap tured, mid the balls prepared for the defence wore used against them; the colors of the 26th were also taken, and their headquarters seized by the victorious Vermonters amid deafen ing cheers. The prisoners were sub sequently released. IMI=I Two MEALS A DAY.—Late Rich mond papers continue to speak of the seartlity of provisions in the South. one of them actually Oh to live on we meals a day. CONDUCT Or TUE WAR. SPEECH OF HON. JESSE LAZEAR, OF PENNSYLVANIA, In the House of Representatives, FEBRUARY 28TH, 1863. On a memorial complaining of governmental errors in the conduct of the war, and praying the remedial action of Congress. MR. LAZEAR. Mr. Speaker, I am not one of those who "think that they shall be heard for their much speaking," and I have not ta ken up the time of the House by garrulous displays. But though I never mean to, still I feel that I have a right to ask the kind atten tion of my fellow-members to sue]) suggestions as I may think proper to make in regard to public affairs.— Circumstances press this emergency upon me now, and I desire to ad dress -a few words of ''truth arid soberness" to those who will please to hear. 1 shall say, nothing discour teous unless -inadvertently, nor will I utter a disloyal sentiment, and I hope for candor and forbearance. A few days ago I offered the me morial of one of my constituents, a gentleman of ripe experience and sound judgment, complaining of governmental errors in the control of our fratricidal war, and praying the remedial action of Congress; it also proposed the adoption of such measures as, in his opinion, would lead to an adjustment of our social troubles, and a happy peace. I do not consider myself responsi ble for all that is expressed by my constituent in his paper, but I heart ily agree with him in his general views and ultimate object. His aim is peace by just measures and dignified conciliation. In all this I concur with him entirely. I know that in deck ring my wish for a pacific set tlement of our difficulties with our revolted fellow-citizens •of the South, I incur the denunciation of a great party whose "voice is still for war," and who pretend to think that "Smooth discourse and mild behavior Olt conceal a traitor." It is the common slang of these "blood and thunder"' men to call those who are moderate in their temper toward the rebels, "sympa thizers," and other new epithets of reproach. The use of this insulting language toward truly loyal men is not confined to the madcaps of the land, but is often employed in a very unbecoming manner, as I think, by gentlemen in high positions. Per haps there are too many of this class that have received the philo sophical opinion ofLord Kames, who asserts, that "the alternate succession of war and peace is as necessary as the changes of weather, and that per petual peace is worse than perpetual war." According to this ultra theory it may be alleged•that wo are now in a condition of national progress ; and that the arming of slaves to kill their masters is advancing the cause of humanity ; for the author I have quoted says: "barbarity and cruelty give place to magnanimity, and soldiers are converted from brutes into heroes." On this particular, let me refer to a late official report of T. W. Ilig ginson, Colonel of the negro regi ment in Georgia and Florida, His experience fully confirms the expec tations of those who favored this military anomaly; and I have no doubt, to use the words of the wri ter, "that they have peculiarities of tent. perament, position, and motive which belong to them alone;" and that they will "show the resolution and sagacity which a personal purpose gives." But 1 leave our colored protectors for• the present to notice a little fur ther the denunciatory war spirit that prevails, as I said, even with many very intelligent persons. I will give you another passage from Lord Karnes, showing the evils of peace, and the blessings of war: "Industry, manufactures, and wealth are the fruits of peace ; but advert to what follows luxury, a never-failing concomitant of wealth, is a slow poison that debilitates men, and renders them incapable of any great effort, In a word, span, by constant prosperity and peace, degene rates into a mean, impotent, and selfish animal. An American savage, who treasures up the scalps of his enemies as trophies of his prow ess, is a being far superior," Upon the same principle of fiend ish ferocity, the slaves of St. Domin go, who marched to murder, burn, and destroy, bearing on a polo the body of a white infant as a standard, were heroes. 1 do not agree with Lord Karnes; and perhaps 1 differ widely with many gentlemen on this floor who voted for the late. negro bill. Col t Higginson, to be sure, says that "the key to the successful prosecution of this war lies in the un limited employment of black troops." Perhaps I do not understand the meaning of this. expression. If the writer intended to convey the idea that nogroes made better soldiers than whites, I think he does injustice to our brave and loyal volunteers; but if his language imports that slaves, armed and supported by our Government, are ready to "break and to avenge their fetters" by massacre and devastation, I will not cont.overt ble position, but leave him to enjoy 41 V4O oredit.it m*y bring to him as sa ailloar sag a man. I confess that I would prefer • a peace rather than to have the people of the South exterminated, as has been intimated, and to see their lands occupied by their discharged slaves, even if we were sure they would raise us more cotton. • I do not wish to be uncivil to gen tlemen of this House who may have negro proclivities, nor do I object to any white person allowing full equal ity to colored people in their pri vate intercourse. They may have sable companions, cheek by jowl, at their firesides and at their tables, without remonstrance from me. It is, so far, a matter of taste about which there is no disputing.— I am opposed, however, to their be ing made soldiers or citizens by mar tial law, or any other process beyond the pale of the Constitution. I do not want a negro, however brave, at the head of our Army, nor do I de sire ta see one, however comely or savory, occupy the chair I am ad dressing. Greatly would I prefer a speedy peace on fair terms to a servile war, and after its termination to have hordes of black compeers to share, or, perhaps, control my social rights. But I protest against being abused and called "disloyal" for expressing pacific views. In a newspaper 1 ob served, a few days ago, what the editor calls a "noble letter" from General Rose , :rans to the Assembly of the State of Ohio, in which, af ter giving a severe pen-slashing to Northern rebels and "sympathizers," he says : "Absolutely assured of these things, I am amazed that any one could think of peace on any terms. He who entertains the sentiment is only fit to he a slave; he who utters it at this time is, moreover, a traitor to his country, who deserves the score and' contempt of all honorable men.'' Severe language, this; particularly so, as the Constitution guarantees tO every man full freedom of speech, and the law of the land does not de clare words, however objectionable, to be treason. .A different opinion on this point seems to be entertained, even by men of high position, a rising, perhaps, out of the undefined character and import of what is called martial law. To "speak evil of dignities" is wrong. The law of biod requires u 9 to treat our rulers with respect:; and wantonly to villify them is very reprehensible. But to denounce as criminal the free discus sion of the official acts of public men is destructive of liberty. If abuses are practiced, what chance would there be ofreform if we aro prohibit ed from speaking of them? To illustrate the views I am en deavoring to prdsent, I will quote from a late Tribune a few sentences in a speech delivered by General Burnside before the "Christian Com mission,"_ in New York. After say ing much, and very well, he intro duced the incidents which 1 give in his own words: "I heard a man in Washington—l was in citizen's dress—a man who had half a dozen admirers around him, saying he wanted the guillotine established by the Government, and he wanted heads to fall by the thousands. He was striving to show special enthusism in favor of the Administration. I heard another man talk ing to a soldier in the cars in a strain that I call treasonable. He'was trying to impress thi soldier with the itPa that hp ought not to re turn to his duty in the field : that this war had become a political war ; that the President of the United Stater—only he used an opprobrious epithet in speaking of him—was fighting this war for a political purpose." Perhaps those two anecdotes pre sent truly an,l forcibly the condition of the publibi. mind in our country just now, disturbed and divided into extreme parties The first man the General heard was evidently a de claimer of the Ararat school, who would introduce among us the "reign of terror" and destroy all who op pose his desperate aims. Let me quote a few lines: "History affords many instances of blood thirsty individuals; but here we find a large portion of a nation urging the slaughter of per soni of all sexes, ages, and conditions, while their mouths were full of high-sounding phrases of liberty, equality, virtue, and justice, perverting a thousand innocent acts to crimes, and even inventing new emus fe. g. negotiant isinj in Bordeaux to suit the occasion. The reign of terror shows a more general frenzy than any other period of history." This was the deplorable state of France in the early stage of the rev olution. More than a ?nation of men, women, and children, were put to death, and, it was pretended, to save the country. We are not yet ascended far in this .cli max of horror,but some think that we are in progress. Our new political crime. "sympathy," cor responds with the "neottantism," of the French republicans, and our "provost marshals" perform pretty well the functions of "revolutionary comntittees." So far we are spared the guillotine, and I hope that for bearance will be continued, mad in stigators notwithstanding. The other individual that General Burnside refers to was very wrong in endeavoring to persuade a soldier not to return to the Army. It was not "treasonable," however; but in a moral and political sense ha was cul pable, and deserved rebuke from the officer. By the "rules and articles." if he had belonged to the ranks, he would have incurred punishment by a.oonrt-martial ; but as a citizen he was nnt so amenable. As to the language ho used shout the t(f►oliti cal war," &e., it was nothieg more thaa gay leyal man may say. Ile may question and coadesaa in bievi*- NEW SERIES.--VOL 4, NO. 4* ion the purposes and acts of the AV-vects ;foe or any other public agent without incurring censure. We are not inform ed of the "opprobrious epithet" he used in speaking of the President, but it was .certainly not crime. It may have been indecorous, but could not involve legal guilt. On this point, however, I find there are surprising discrepancies. At the "Christian Commissions" meeting I have noticed, one of the speakers, Rev. J. 1. Duryea, used this language: "It was one of the fearful signs saf.the times when the man upon whom the responsibatity ()leaving the Government rested, could be car icatured and ridiculed. It ought to have been high &carrot to speak with levity of him upon whose shoulders God had placed the weight of oikr Government." I am awry that a minister of the Gospel could give such an utterance. The fair import of the sentence quo ted is, that any man who talks of the President with "lightness," "watt ef consideration," or "gaiety," ought to be hung. The proposition is alarming to freemen. it confounds all grades of moral and legal delinqueneies, and, if sustained by a predominakt party, it might introduce ft "Mgr' of terror" by the expansive power of martial law. But suppose it walik4n tended to include the graver (41.4~ of "caricature and ridicule," still the case would not be altered. Gru. tesque representations of the pawn the President or contemptuous deris r ion of his manners, although forbid den by the rules of courtesy, are.aot violations of the law. Washington was much abusede-t- During his first term "insults were offered to his authority by the French minister, Genet, and his party in oar country, in official papers, in way. mous libels, and by turaultaousagast. ings." He bore it all. .Not a UNIX was arrested. :He outlived ealumoy, and his fame stands as" the eternal rocks. His successor, Mr. Adams', mini elected by a- party who Iveireisuppow ed to have strong monarchical teed encies. They were ea/led Plxkmd. ists, because tLey regarded car stitution not as a mere league artIORN -enunt of independent States far eor.. taro defined and limited objects, but as one consolidated Government with all the rights of radical sover eignty, They considered tbeißreei, dent as almost a- king, and the sep arate members composing. this con centrate:l Union as little more than corporations. There was, hipwever d another party who, at. first in Aerie* ion, were called, by the magnates, Democrats. These claimed, as, the name signifies, that all power - belong* to the people. Many of them had re sisted unto blood the authority exer eked by Great Britain to impose a tax upon a pound of their teawith out their full consent, and they were still opposed to everything like de o. potic rule. The disturbed condition of Ituropet, arising out 'of the Frensh COWCUI sionE, extended to this gauntry and caused much division. On the one side it was alledged that the Feder , alists, who controlled the fio.varn ment, were arrayed against the spread of those principles of freedom for which we had successfully fought; and on the other, it was said taat the Democrats were striving to is trod uce an ultra liberty, which wow be destructive of social order There was much popular excitement, and a great deal was said and writ ten that gave offense to the Admin istration. On the tl) 34arch, 1797, Presi dent Adams called, by proclamation, a special meeting of Congress, and when• they were assembled, on thO 16th May, he came to the Represew tatives Chamber and addrosood both louses convened. Toward the Woo* of his speech he adverted to the pub. tic irritations that existed, in th. words : "It is impossible to comet' I lick ourselves, or the world, what has been before observed, dust endeavors have been employed to foster and establish a division between the Government and the people of the United States. To in vestigate the causes which have encouraged this attempt is not necessary ; but to repel, by decided and united counsels, insinuations to derogatory to the honor, and aggressions so dangerous to the Constitution, Union, and even independence of the nation, is an hale pensible duty." Congress, having a Federal' major ity, responded to this suggestion.; and the "sedition law" was. passed.— This act did not declare ittreason to "caricature and ridicule the Govern ment," or "to speak with levity" of the President; but it placed a strong restraint upon the freedom of discus sion as to the measures of the Ad.... ministration, and was regarded as unconstitutional. It operated , for some time as a kind of muzule to close the mouths of the excited peo ple, but it did not stop ate progress of resentful public °pintos. The Feder al bupremacy was terminates'. Mr. Adams was abandoned 'by his own party. At tit 3 next 0 .etion the pop ular vote was a tie, and it was thrbwia upon the House, where, apt% the thirty-sixth ballot, ten States ap• peared for JelTersoa likfid s?nr,,natitte. ly, New Han Con necti en t, 4pC Island, for Barr. A great chant/14Q taken place as to party predouinfiteo , On. the very first ballot there tire% fiity4iiiree votes, -all Fedoralisto, for Burt:And
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