• e. Fzzakow-Ctrizzlis OP THE 61ENATIC 41.11/) ad 6811, OP RIPILESSNTATIVI23 aince your last annual amemblkig 'another year of health and bountiful harvests has passed, and wbile it has not pleased tbe Almighty to bless us with a retilva ofpeace ' we can but press on, guided by the best light Re gives us, trusting in His Own iood time and wise way, and all POEXIGN AFITAIRS ~fine correspondence touching for. eign affairs, which has taken place .410114 e. the last year, is herewith submitted in virtual compliance with keioqiiest to that effect, made by the Rouse of Representatives near the %deem of the last session of Congress. :If the pondition of oar relations with other nations is less gratifying than it has usually bean at former .periods ' it is certainly more satisfac tory than a nation so unhappily dis tracted as we are, might reasonably have apprehended. In the month of June last, there were some grounds to expect that the maritime powers, which at the begii#ing of air domestic difficulties, so unwisely , and unnecessarily, as we think, re gognised the insurgents as a bellige quit, would soon recede from that position, which has proved only lees injurious to themselves than to ourown betintry. But the temporary reverses which afterwards Mel the National arms, and which were exaggerated "hy oar own disloyal citizens abroad, lbave hitherto delayed that act of simple justice. The Civil War, which has so radi 'tally changed for a moment the oc ,cupatiefis and habits of the Ameri, can people, has necessarily disturbed the social conditions and affected very deeply the prosperity of the cations with which we have carried one commerce that has been stead ily increasing throughout a period cof half a century. It has, at the same time, excited political ambi tious and apprehensions, which .have produced a profound agitation throughout the civilized world. In this unusual agitation, we have for . - s borne from taking part in any con ,troversy between foreign States, and between parties or factions in such States. We have attempted no .propagandism and acknowledged 'no revolution. But we have left to every nation the exclusive conduct :aid management of its own affairs. Oar struggle has been, of course, ;contemplated by foreign nations with reference less to its own merits than to its supposed and often exag gerated effects, and the consequences resulting to those nations themselves. Nevertheless, complaint on the part of this government, even if it were just, would certainly he unwise. THB SLAVE TRADE The treaty with Great Britain for the suppression of the African slave ,trade, has been put in operation :with a good prospect of complete success. It is an occasion of special . I)leasare to acknowledge that the 'fteention of it on the part of her :Majesty's Government has been marked with a jealous respect for 'the authority of the United States, and the rights of their moral and loyal citizens. STADT DIMS ..The Convention with ilanover tho abolition of the Stadt dues has been carried into full effect under the Act of Congress for that purpose. THE BLOCKADE A blockade of three thousand MHOS of seacoast could not be estab lished and vigorously enforced in a season of great commercial activity dike the present, without committing occasional mistakes and inflicting unintentional injuries upon foreign nationa and their subjects. A civil waif occurring in a country where ;foreigners reside and carry on trade ;under treaty stipulations, is necessa rily fruitful of complaints of th, vi olation of neutral rights. All such collisions tend to excite inisappre :hensions, and possibly to produce mutual reclamations between nations :which have a common interest in . preserving peace and friendship. In Ow eases of this kind, I have, so far se possible, heard and redressed cOuipleants - which have been pre 'united by friendly powers. There is, however, a large and augmenting number of doubtful cases upon 'which . the Government is unable to Agree with the Governments whose proteetion is demanded by the claim ants. There are, moreover, many canes in which the United States or their citizens suffer wrongs from the naval or military authorities of for eign nations, which the governments of these States are not at once pre paro toa 'redress. I have proposed to some of the foreign States thus interested mutual conventions to ex amine and adjust such complaints.— This proposition has been made es pecially to Great Britain, to France, to. Spain and to Prussia. In each lease it has been. kindly received, but tie net .et,•lieea' formally adopted. 1 I deem it my duty to recommend an appropriation in behalf of the own ers of the Norwegian bark, Admiral i Tordinskiold which vessel was, iloyaii+.62, prevented by the corn_ ' •inlifider . of the blockading force, off Charleston, from leaving that port ;With her cargo, noewithstanding a similar privilege had etortly betoie een granted'to an. Snglish I have directed the Secretary of state 'to cause the papers in the ease 40‘. be communicated to the proper committee.. THE COLONIZATION SCHEME Applications *Lave, been made to me by many free 4- 1 444icalas of Afri can descent, to favor their emigre tion,with a view to such ..:olonization D I was contemplated in recent acts of Congress. Other parties, at he . iss austs m broad,some from interested a *Er, others upon patriotic conside talons, and still others influenced k i liiilanthropie sentiments, have l iagisated similar measures, while on ,„ the other - hand Beyond 40 . the Span ish American Republics have pro tested against the sending of such colonies to their respective territo ries. Under thnse circumstances I have declined to move any such colony to any State without first obtaining the consent of its government, with au agreement on its part to receive and protect such emigrants in all the rights of freetaen, and I have at the same time offered to the several States situated in the tropics, or having colonies there, to negotiate with tl em, subject to the advice and consent of the Senate, to favor the voluntary emigration of persons of that class to their respective territo ries, upon conditions which shall be equal, just and humane. Liberia and Hayti are as yet the only COllll - to which colonists of African descent could go from here with cer tainty of being received and adopted as citizens, and I regret to say that such persons contemplating coloniza tion do not seem so willing to emi grate to those countries as to some others, nor as willing, as I think their interest demands. I believe, however, the opinion among them in this respect is improving, and that ere long there will be an augmented and considerable emigration to both of these countries from the United States. COMMERCIAL TREATIES The new commercial treaty be tween the United States and the Sul tan of Turkey has been carried into execution. A commercial and con sular treaty has been negotiated, sub ject to the Senate's consent, with Li beria, and a similar negotiation is now pending with the Republic of Hayti. A considerable improvement of the national commerce is expected to result from these measures. Our relations with Great Britain, Prance, Spain, Portugal, Russia, Prussia, Den mark, Sweden and Austria, Nether lands, Italy, Rome, and the other European States remain undisturbed. Very favorable relations also con tinue to be maintained with Turkey, Morocco, China and Japan. During the last year there has not only been no change of our previous relations with the independent States of our own continent, but friendlier senti ments than have heretofore existed are believed to be entertained by these neighbors, whose safety and progress are so intimately connected with our own. This statement especially ap plies to Mexico, Costa Rica, Nicara gua, Honduras, Peru and Chili. The commission, under the Convention with the Republics of New Grena da, closed its session without having audited and passed upon all the claims which were submitted to it.— A proposition is pending to revive the Convention, that it may ho able to do more complete justice. The joint commission between the United States and the Republic of Costa Rica has completed its labors, and submitted its report. I have favored the project of connecting the United States with Europe by an Atlantic Telegraph, and a similar project to extend the telegraph from San Fran cisco to connect by a Pacific Tele graph with the line which is being extended across the Russian Empire. TERRITORIAL AFFAIRS The Territories of the United States, with unimportant exceptions, have remained undisturbed by the civil war, and they are exhibiting such evidence of prosperity as justi fies an expectation that some of them will soon be in a condition to be or ganized as States, and be constitu tionally admitted into the Federal Union. The immense mineral re sources of those territories ought to be developed as speedily as possi ble. Every step in that direction would have a tendency to improve the revenues of the government and diminish the burdens of the peo ple. It is worthy of your seriou6 consideration whether some extraor dinary measures to promote the end cannot be adopted. Tile means which suggested itself most likely to 66 effective is a scientific exploration of the mineral regions in these territo ries with a view to the publication of its results at home and in foreign countries, results which cannot fail to be auspicious. The condition of the finances will claim your most diligent consideration. FINANCIAL AFFAIRS 1 1 ho vast expenditure incident to the military and naval operations required for the suppression of the rebellion, have hitherto been met with a promptitude and certainty unusual in similar circumstances, and the public credit has been fully main tained. The continuance of the war, however, and the increased disburse ments made necessary by the aug mented forces now in the field demand your best reflections as to the best mode of providing necessary revenue without injury to business, and with the least possible burden on labor.— The suspension of specie payments by the banks soon after the commence ment of your last session made large is sues of United States Notes unavoid able. In no other way could the pay ment of troops and the satisfaction of other just demands be so econom ically or as welt provided for. The judicious legislation of Congress se curing the receivability of these notes for loans and internal duties, And making them a legal tender for other debts, has made them universal curreiwN- and has satisfied, partially at least-, and fbr the time, the long felt want ‘ of an, in ruifor circulating Medium, sairing thereby to the peo ple immense sums in discounts and exchanges. A'return to specie pay ments, however, at the earliest period compatible with duo regard to all interests concerned, shoud ever be kept in view. Fluctuations in the value of cur rency are 'always injurious, and to rednee these fluctuations to the low est possible point will always be -a leading purpose in wise legislistiesi Convertability, prompt and - certain convertibility into coin, it generally acknowledged to be the best and sur est safeguard against them, and it is extremely doubtful whether a circu lation of 'United States notes, pay able in coin, and sufficiently large for the wants of the people, can be per manently, usefully and safely main tained. Is there, then, any other mode in which the necessary provis ions for the public wants can be made, and the great advantages of a safe and uniform currency secured? I know of none which promises so certain results, and at thm same time so unobjectionable, as the organiza tion of Banking Associations undo* a general act of Congress, well guarded in its provisions. To such associations the Government might furnish circulating notes, on the se curity of U. S. Bonds deposited in the Treasury. These notes prepared under the supervision of proper ofel cers,being uniform in appearance and security, and couvertable always in to coin, would at once protect la bor against the evils of a vicious cur rency and facilitate commerce by cheap and safe exchanges. A moder ate reservation from the interest on the bonds would compensate the United States for the preparation and distribution of the notes, and a general supervision of the system, and would lighten the burden of that part of the public debt employed as security. • The public credit, morever, would be greatly improved, and the nego tiation of new loans greatly facilita ted by the steady market demand for Government bonds which the adop tion of the proposed system would create. It is an additi , ,nal recom mendation of the measure of consid erable weight, in my judgment, that it would reconcile as far as possible all existing interests by the opportu nity offered to existing institutions to reorganize under the act, substitu ing only the secured uniform nation al circulation for the local and vari ous circulation, secured and unsecur ed, now issued by them. TREASURY RECEIPTS The receipts into the Treasury from all sources, including loans and balance from the preceding year, for the fiscal year ending on the 30th of June, 1862, were $583,885,247 06, of which sum $49,056,379 62, were de rived front customs; $1,795,331 73 from the direct tax; from public lands, $152,203 77; from miscellan eous source's, $931,787 64; from loans in all forms, $529,692,460 50. The remainder, $2,287,065 80, was the balance from last year. EXPENDITURES The disbursements during the same period were : For Congres sional, Executive and Judicial pur poses, $5,939 009 29, for foreign in tercourse, $1,339,710 35; for miscel laneous expenses, including the mints, loans, post office deficiencies, collec tion of revenue, and other like charges, $14,129,771 50; for expen ses under the Interior Department, $3,102,985 52; under the War De partment, $394,368,407 36 ; under the Navy Department, $42,674,569 69; for .interest on the ,public debt, $13,190,324 45 ; and for the payment of the public debt, including reim bursement of temporary loan and redemptions, $96,096,922 69 ; making an aggregate of $570,841,700 25, and leaving a balance in the Treasury on the Ist day of July, 1862, of $18,043,- 546 81. It should be observed that the sum of $96,096,922 00, expended for reimbursement and redemption of the public debt, being included also in the loans made, may be pro perly deducted from both the re ceipts and expenditures, leaving the actual receipts for the year $487,788,- 324 97, and the expenditures $474,- 744,778 16. Other information on the subject of the finances will be found in the report of the Secretary of the Treasury, to whose statements and views I invite your most candid and considerate attention. NAVY AND WAR REPORTS The reports of the Secretaries of the Navy and War are herewith transmitted. These reports though lengthy, are certainly nothing more than brief abstracts of the very nu merous and extensive transactions and operations condw.;ted through these Departments. Nor could I give a summary of them here upon any principle which would admit of its being much shorter than the re ports themselves. I therefore con tent myself with laying the reports before you, and asking your atten tion to them. POSTAL AFFAIRS It gives me pleasure to report a decided improvement in the -finan cial condition of the Post Office De partment as compared with several preceding years. The receipts for the fiscal year 1861, amounted to $B,- 349,296 40, which embraced the reve nue from all the States of the Union for three quarters of that year, not withstanding the cessation of reve nue from the :o-ealled seceded States during the last fiscal year. The in crease of the correspondence of the loyal States has been sufficient to produce a revenue during the same year of $8,299,820 90, being only $50,- 000 less than was derived from all the States of the Union during the previous year. The expenditures show a still more favorable result.— The amount expended in 1.-/461 was $13,606,759 U. For the last year the amount has been reduced to $ll,- AGRMULTURAL DEPARTMENT. 125,364 13, showing a decrease of , To carryout the provisions of the about $2,481,000 in the expenditures act of Congress of the 15th of Kay as compared with the preceding last, I have caused the department years; about $3,750,0 , 00 as compared of agriculture of the United States with the fiscal year 1861. The de,. to be organized. The Commissioner ficiency in the Department fbr the informs me that within the period previous year was $4,551,966 98._ of a few months the department has F r or the fiscal year it was reduced to established an extensive system of $2,112,814 57. These favorable re- correspondence and exchanges, both suits are in part owing to the .cessa. at home and abroad, which promises tion of mail service in the insurree. to effect highly beneficial results in tionixy States, andlapart to a care-' the development of a correct kuowl fbi review of the expenditures is edge of recent in is thrt lhopitrttnent, in titeAsterest• of agriculture, in the introdaction of bonotny, 'The efficiency of Heppe.; now products and is the oolleotioa tal service, it is believed, has also been Much improved. The Postmaster General also _.opened a correspondence through " the Department V State with for .eign governments, proposing a con vention' of postal represeutatives, for the purpose of simplifying the rates ' of foreign postage, and to expedite the foreign mails. This . proposition, equally important to,our -adopted citi zens and to the commercial interests of this country, 'has been favorably entertained and agreed to by all the • governments from whom replies have been received. I ask the atten tion of Congress to the suggestions of the Postmaster General, in his re port, respecting the further legisla tion required, in his opinion, for the benefit of the postal service. PUBLIC LANDS. The Secretary of the Interior re ports as follows in regard to the pub lic lands : The public lands have ceased to be a source of revenue.— From the first of July, 1861, to the 30th of September, 1862, the entire cash receipts from the sale of lands were $137,476 56, a sum much less than the expense of our land sys- tent during the same period. The homestead Law, which will take ef fect on the Ist of January next, of fers such inducements to settlers that sales for cash cannot be expect .ed to an extent sufficient to meet the expenses of the general land office, and the cost of surveying and bring ing the land into market. The discrepancy between the sum here stated as arising from the sales of the public lands, and the sum de rived from the same source as report ed from the Treasury _Department, arises, as I understand, from the fact that the periods of time, though ap parently, were not really co-incident at the beginning points. The Treas ury report includes a considerable sum now, which had previously been reported from the Interior, sufficient ly large as to greatly overreach the sum derived from the three months now reported upon by the Secretary of the Interior, and not by the See rotary of the 'Treasury. INDIAN 'MATTES. The Indian ileibes upon our fron tiers have, during the past year, manifested a spirit of insubordina tion, and at several points have en gaged in open hostilities against the white settlements of their vicinity.- The tribes occupying the Indian country south of Kansas, renounced their allegiance to the United States, and entered into treaties with the insurgents. Those who remained loyal to the United States were driv en from the country. The chief of the Cherokees has visited the city for the purpose of restoring the former relations of the tribe with the Uni ted States. Ile alleges that they were constrained by superior force tc enter into treaties with the insur gents, and that the United States .ga, dJuir, s - the Illinois River is present ed in the report of Colonel Webster to tha Secretary of War, and now transmitted to Congress. I respect fully ask attention to it. of the aggrictiltaral statistics of the different States ; also that it will soon be prepared to distribute largely seeds, cereals, plants and cuttings, and has already published and liber erally diffused much valuable inform ation, in anticipation of a more elaborate report which will in due time be furnished, embracing some valuable tests in chemical sci ence, now in progress in the lab oratory. The creation of this de partment was for the more imme diate benefit of a large class of our most valuable citizens, and I trust that the liberal basis upon which it has seen organized will not only meet your approbation, but that it will realize, at no distant day, all the fondest anticipations of its most sanguine friends, and become the fruitful source of advantage to all our people. On the 22nd day of September last, proeia:liation wits issued by the Executive, a copy of which is liere‘l77ith submitted. COMPENSATED E MANCIPATION In accordance with the purpose expresssed in the second paragraph of that paper, I now respectfully call your attention to what may be called "Compensated Emancipation." A nation may be said to consist of its territory, its people and its laws. The territory is the only part which is of certain durability. One gener ation passeth away, and another generation cometh, but the earth abideth forever. It is of the first importance to duly consider and esti mate this ever enduring part. That portion of the earth's surface which is owned and inhabited by the peo ple of the United States is well adapted to be the home of one na tional family, and it is not well adapted for two or more. ltt vast extent and its variety of climate and production are of advantage in this age for ono people, whatever they might have been, in former ages ! Steam, telegraphs, and intelligence, have brought these to be an advan tageous combination for one united people. THE I'EGITIVE SLAVE LAW. In the Inaugural Address I briefly pointed out the total inadequacy of disunion as a remedy for the differ ences between the people of the two sections. I did so in language which I cannot improve, and which, there fore I beg leave to repeat: "One sec tion of our country believes slavery is right, and ought to be extended, while the other believes it is wrong and ought not to be extended. This is the only substantial .dispute.— The fugitive slave clause of the Con stitution, and the law for the sup pression of the African slave trade, are each as well enforced, perhaps, as any law can ever be in a com 11- nity where the moral sense of the people imperfectly supports the law itself. The great body of the peo ple abide by the dry legal obligation in both cases, and a few break over each. This I think cannot be per fectly cured, and it would be worse in both cases after the separation' of the sections than before. rho foreign lave trade, now imperfectly sup. xessed, would be ultimately revived ithout restriction in one section, 'bile fugitive slaves, now only par. ,ally surrendered, would not be suf.. sadered at all by the other Physic. ly speaking, we cannot separate ; cannot remove our respective :ctions from each other, nor build impassable wall between them.— husband and wife may be divorced, id go out of the presence and be and the reach of each other, but le different parts of our country .nnot do this. They cannot but anaiNface to face, and intercourse ther amicable or hostile must eon, Nue between them. Is it impossi , then, to make that intercourse .e advantageous or more satis ,ory after separation than before? aliens make treaties easier than ends can make laws ? Can treat be more faithfully- enforced he w, aliens than laws can among ,nds ? Suppose you go to war, cannot fight always, and when ,er much loss on both sides and no 'n on either, you cease fi,,:•hting, indentical old question of inter irse is now again upon you." KO NATURAL LINE OF DIVISION. There is no line, straight or crook suitable for a natural boundary in which to divide. Trace through , rn east to west upon the line be )en the free and slave country, we shall find a little more than i-third its length are rivers easy be crossed and populated, or soon be populated thickly upon both while nearly all its remaining ;tigth are merely surveyors' lines, which people may work back forth, without any conscious is of their presence. No part of line can be made any more din t to pass by writing it down on pa or parchment, as a national boun y. fact of separation, if it les, gives up on the part of the sece g section the fugitive slave clause Ong with all other constitution obligations upon the section seee from. While I should expect no laty stipulation would ever be le to take its place. T ERRITORIAL MAGN ITUDE. But there is another difficulty.— The great interior region bounded east by the Alleghenies, north by the British dominions, west by the Rocky Mountains, south by the line which the culture of cotton and corn meets, and which includes part of Virginia, part of Tennessee, all of Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, lowa,Minnesota,and the territories of Dakotali, Nebraska, and part of Colo rado,has already above ten millions of people, and will have fifty millions within fifty years, if not prevented by any political folly or mistake.— It contains more than one-third of the country owned by the United States, ossAinly mot" than one million of re guiles one half as popolow ai tu0444 already is, it would have more than iteVenty five millions of people. A glance at the map shows that, territorially speaking, it is the great body of the Republic. The other parts are but marginal borders to it the magnifi cent region sloping west from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific be ing the deepest and also the richest in undeveloped resources, in the pro duction of provisions, grains, grasses, and all which proceed from them, this great interior region is natural ly one of the most important in the world. FOREIGN OUTLETS Ascertain from the statistics the small proportion of the region which has yet been brought into cultivation, and also a large and rapidly increas ing amount of its products, and we shall be overwhelmed with the magnitude of the prospect presented; and yet this region has no sea coast, touches no ocean anywhere. As part of one nation, its people now find, and may forever find, their way to Europe by New York ; to South America and Africa by New Orleans, and to Asia by San Francisco. But separate our common country into two nations as designed by the present rebellion, and every man of this great interior region is hereby cut off from some one or more of these outlets, not perhaps, by a phys ical barrier, but by embarrassing and onerous trade regulations, and this is true whenever a dividing or boun dary line may be fixed. Place it be tween the now free and slave coun try, or place it South of Kentuky, or North of Ohio, and still the truth remains, that none south of it can trade to any part or place north of it, except upon terms dictated by a gov ernment foreign to them. These outlets east, west and south arc indispensable to the well being of the people inhabiting and to in habit this vast interior region.— Which of the three may be the best, is no proper question. Allure better than either, and all of right belong to that people and to their successors forever. True to themselves they will not ask where a line of separa tion shall be, but will vow rather that there shall be no such line. Nor are the marginal regions less interested in these communications to and through them to the great outside world. They too, and each of them, must have access to this Egypt of the West, without plying toll at the crossing of any national boundary.— Our national strife sprung not from cur permanent part, not from the land we inhabit, not from our na tional homestead. There is no poss ible severing of this, but would mul tiply, and not mitigate, evils among us. In all its adaptations and apti tittles it demands union and abhors separation. to fact it would ere long force reunion, however much of blood and treasure the separation might have cost. Our strife pertains to our selves, to passing generations of men, and it cannot without convulsion be hushed forever with the passing of one generation. PROPOSITION TO ABOLISH SLAVERY In this view I recommend the adoption of the following resolution and articles amendatory ts%the Con stitution of the United States : Resolved, By t he Senate and House of lßopri•sentatives of the United States of America in Congress assem bled, two thirds of both Houses con curring, that the following Articles be proposed to the Legislatures or Conventions of the several States, as amendments to the Constitution of the United States, all or any of which Articles when ratified by three fourths of the said Legislatures or Conventions, to be valid, as part or parts of the said Constitution, viz : COMPENSA.TIOIi Article —. Every State,wherein sla verynow exists, which shall abolish the same therein at any time or times before the first of January in the year of our Lord, one thousand nine hun dred, shall receive compensation from the United States, as follows, to wit : The President of the United States shall deliver to every such State, bonds of the United States, bearing interest at the rate of per cent per annum to an amount equal to the aggregate sum of $--- for each slave shown to have been therein by the eighth census of the United States ; said bonds to ho de livered to such State by installments, or in one parcel, at the completion of the: abolishment, accordingly as the same shall have been gradual or at one time within such State; and in terest shall begin to run upon any such bond only from the proper time of its delivery as._ aforesaid.-- Any State having received bonds as aforesaid, and afterwards reintroducing or tolerating slavery therein, shall refund to the United States, the bonds so received or the value thereof, and all interest paid thereon. Article —. All slaves who shall have enjoyed actual freedom, by the chan ces of war, at any time before the end of the rebellion, shall be forever free ; but all owners of such who shall not have been disloyal shall be compensated for them at the same rates as provided for States adopting abolishment of slavery, but in such a way that no slave shall be twice accounted for. Article —. Congress may appropri ate money and otherwise provide for colonizing free colored persons, with their own consent, at any place or places without the United States. WANT OP HARMONY 1 beg indulgence to discuss these propo sed articles at some length. Without slave ry the rebellion could never have existed, without slavery it could not continue.— Among the friends of the Union there is great diversity of sentiment and of policy, in regard to slavery and the African amongst us. Some would perpetuate slavery, some would abolish it sud deuly--aad without compensation, some would abolish it grathtally sad with.com pee imam. would remove the freed people from us, and Some would Maio them with , us, and there are yet other minor , liversities... sßecause of these diver sities we waste much strength in struggles among ourselves, by mutual concession we should harmonize and act together.— This would be compromise, but it would be a dbmpromise among the friends and not with the enemies of the Union. These articles are intended to em body a plat. of such mutual concessions.— If the plan shall be adopted, it is aesumeil that emancipation will follow, at least in several of the States. As to the first arti cle, the main points are: EMANCIPATION TO LE ORADUAL First, the emancipation; secondly, the length of time for consummating, (thirty seven years;) and thirdly, the compensa tion. The emancipation will be unsatisfac tory to the advocates of peri_etual slavery, but the length of time should greatly mit igate their dissatisfaction. The tittle spares both races from the evils of sudden derangement, in fact. from the necessity * Of any derangement, while most of those whose habitual course of thought will be disturbed by the measure, will have pass ed away before its consummation. They will never see it. Another class will hail the prospect of emancipation, but will de precate the length of time. They will feel that it gives too little to the now living slaves. But it really gives them much.— It saves them from the vagrant destitution which must largely attend immediate emancipation, in localities where their numbers are very great, and it gives the inspiring assurance that their posterity shall be free forever. The plan leaves to each State choosing to act under it to abolish slavery now; or at the endof the century, or at any interme diate time, or by degrees extending over the whole or any part of the period, and it obliges no two States to proceed alike. It also provides for compensation, and gen erally the mode of making it. This it would seem must further mitigate the die satisthetion of those who favor perpetual slavery, and especially of those who are to receive compensation. Doubtless some of those who are to pay and not to receive, will object, yet the measure is both just and economical, In a certain sense the liberation of the slaves is the de struction of property—property acquired, by descent or by purchase, the same as any other property. It is no less true, for' having been often said, that the people of the South are no more responsible for the original introduction of this property than are the people of the North, and when it is remembered how unhesitatingly we use —al! of us use—cotton and sugar, and share the profits of dealing in them, it may not be quite safe to say that the South has been more responsible than the North for its continuance. if then for a common. object this proporiv is to be sacrificed, is it not just that it. be done at a commoD charge? And if with less money, or mon ey mere easily paid, we can preserve the benefits of the Union by this means bet ter than we can by the war alone, is it not also economical to do it I TUE PLAN I'EACTICAELIi Let us consider it then. Let us ascer tain the sum we have expended in the war since compensated emancipation was pro posed last March, and consider whether, if that measure had been promptly accept ed by even some of the Slave States, the same sum would not have done snore to close the war than has been OtLenvize done. if so, the measure would save money, and in that view would be prudent and economical. Certainly, it is not so easy to pay something, as it, is to pay nothing. But it is easier to pay a large sum than it is to pay a larger one, and it is easier to pay any sum, when we are able, than it is to pay it before we are able. The war requires them at once—the ag gregate sum necessary for compensa ting emancipation of course would be large, but it would require no ready cash, no bondsmen, uor *heir bonds even, any faster tkan the emancipation progresses. INCREASING POPULATION This might not and probably would not close betbre the end of the thirty-seven years. At that time we shall probably have 100,000,000 of people to share the burden, instead of 31,000,000 as now, and not only so, but the increase of our popu lation may be expected to continue for a long time after that period as rapidly as before, because our Territories will not have become full. Ido not state this in considerately. At the same ratio the in-. crease which we have maintained on au average frorn our National Census in 1790 until that of 1860, we should in 1900 have a population of 103,208,115 and why may we not continue that ratio far beyond that period? Our abundant room, our broad national homestead, is an ample resource Were our territory limited Its are the Brit, ish Isles, very certainly our population could not expand as stated, and instead of receiving the foreign born as now, we should be compelled to send part 9f the native born away, but such is not our eon. dition. VASTNESS OF TERRITORY We have two millions nine hundred and sixty-three thousand square miles. Eu rope has three millions eight hundred thou sand, with a population averaging seven ty-three and one•third persons to the square mile. Why may not our country at some time average as many ? Is it less fertile ? Has it more waste surface by mountains, rivers, lakes, deserts or other causes? Is it inferior to Europe in aay natural advantage ? If, then, we are at some time to be as populous as Europe, how soon? As to when this may be we can judge by the pact and the present., as onto when this will be if ever, depends lunch whether we maintain the Union. Several of our States are above the av erage European 'population of seventy three and a third to the square mile.— Massachusetts has 1.57, Rhode island 133, New York and New Jersey each 80, also two other great States, Pennsylvania and Ohio, are not fay below, the former harlot 6$ and the latter 48. The States already
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