Ihe Somerset Herald. ESTABLISHED r criiis of Publication l.livli.J rvrnr Wednesday morning at ,r unmiin if in advance, otherwise " ., ar-tb'y be charged. '. v . ,t:oa be discontinued until n tire id ! lNtinUT n- " . notifv us when sulwtoribeni da not c;,v;iii? to u""- their paper will be held responsible jlarnt' T removing from one postoffice to ,o.HO ' .... trril Tuk SutusiT Herald, SollEKSET, Pa, C AmKt NOTAUY l'l'BUC s hstuiertrt, l'a. .... i" Mi'vriN 1- I I- I S I .1 - V- .vnyiiNKV-AT-uw, . w.r SHtnicrse-t, l'eno'a. ! bill'""' 7, .. ,,,,,, , n:ruted to hi care will be at Ziri to twill prompt lie and ndelitj. a TT. .liN KYS-AT-LA W, and NUTAKY ITBUC, tjoiuenet. Pa. oiTOr,.:u Court Uuuse. K " A-ru.l;.hV-AT-LAW, No. 17a Fourth -, lltteburg. Pa. J. UKKKEV, A- aTIVKXEY-AT-LAW. Somerset Ia. fe . wve F.-Ik r-s Book Store. ir AKVEV M.BratKLE All V - I-1 -- ' ' tsouierset. Pa. .. . .: 1 A. HOLHEKT, AlTuliXtY-AT-LAW, Somerset. Pa. C,R)KC;E K. SI I'LL, I AlTult-NtY-AT-LAW, w. biesecker, t AnuUNtY-Al-LAW, Ssomcrset, Pa. S vin Printing House liow, opposite Court Houss. J. II scoTT, AiroHNEY-AT-LAW, ssomcrset. Pa. - J. KK-KR, All UiW- E.1--YI r , Somerset, Fa. . 11. K'X'NTZ. J. G. CKJLE. KtW-MZ x OGLh ATI ulOt V.S-AT-LAW , rsjinersct, i a. V'-" e've prompt atUtition to busiiti en-rj-u'yi i.i 'if ir ran-ill nT-t and adjoining ,.uniK. Til.-.- ill I'nut House 1UW, opposite VALENTINE 1IA1, AlTOltNEl-AT-L-VW, inerMrL, l a. v. Ihvh T in lU-.il Estate. Will uttend to i.u-iiH-"- -nI ru-i-d to liiceare with prouipt .rwiua ndelitj". J UHN H. I'HU Al l.'lt. EY-AT-LA W, sSoiikers!, I a. TH'iil promptly attend to all busineMi en-rj-!.il io nun." -Money aavaneed ou colieo .i:i. Ac. tullee ill Mammoth ltloek. I TullN" O. KIM MEL, J Al'i'OllXEY-AT-LAt Sonierst t, Pa. u ;n Ufi.-n.t i ull liiKintKdi entrusted to his lore ik rv.in. ix i and adjoining counties, with i ;-rv!npUie aliu nanii). i mix-t u i.rei-L, i!or (.odroin Oroei rj' torc "TAMES I WISH, J A1T.K.NEY-AT-L.VW, Somerset, Pa. cai.rin Mauiinoth Bl k, up stairs. En-rjui-e on Maui t'ross slneU 1'oliefUoUS ii-jt-. rMul- M-tlied. lilies examined, aud all iMi huMiiet atteuaed to w ith promptness Tk.ua caeiily. X. J. CuUf 'KX. L. C CXJLBOllS. OLISOKN' & COLISUIIX, J AriuUXEYS-Al-LAW, Somerset, Pa. All hnsiness entrusli-d to our care will be rvii. and fciiiufuliy all uded to. Collee i.'iu iim'jr ill riiiiicrseL, tieulord aud adjoiu- h omiiUes. iurvcyitig and conveyancing V im ou nnjiiitble terms. hi L HA Ell. 111. AlIiKXEY-AT-LAW, tSomerset, la. Will unirtiee in SinierM't and adioinins unlh. Ail business entrusted to Uiui w ill ri-rnr rouij t ailelllloU. i. 11. rtiU'ili iTU. W. H. 11L PPEU V iuKFKOTH & nrrrEL, j AntiltXEYsAT-LwW, Someret, Pa. AH bunn.-w entrusted to their care will be ;-ii.i mud puiu ; till v ain-uded to. oltice J M.u truss street, opposite Mammoth UV. rAKoTHEIlS, M. 1)., 1U VSICl AX ami M'KtitOX, tSouierset, Pa. f OSioe on Patriot Street, near K. lL Station. .frtil Ufcits at elhee. iT V1- F- SlEVFFEIi, IXJ 1HYKIAX A.NnsUHtiEOX, Somerset, Pa. T -u jf-n hip pn ifesMonal n-rlv to the citi- -!i Sinuerset and vu'luilv. Olliet; next tTtuCoiuim ix iai lioU i. f V- J- M. LOUTH Eli, J i hv;ciax ausi iu;eon. Si'-eon Ma.ii streeL renrof lirus store. IL H. S. KIMMELL, u I r 11M,niI,(jtl 'ItHYT l lilt IIU- r " ttriM-. a:m K'lliliy. I mess irs S-s.iiia!iy 'iii:Hi;ed he can be bund al hi of--w ou 1L.iu M. tiist ot iiialiioud. yi J. S.MiMII.LEX, 1'iraduale in lientistry.) 1 tiive special attention to the prese rvation J't Use natural t.-. in. Anilieial sets Inserted. "i rati..ti su.irantt'ed sal istaclory . utiee 9n tat r..ni i,.r 1 H. Iiavis A t,.i"K more, ru-T Maiu Cross and 1'atrtot strecla. jV.. H. COFFEOTII, Funeral IDiroctor. jt)flieei.; Main Cn St. lU-sitk-iit'e, 540 l'atriot St. !' seiizr. J. K. Beact v. Real Estate and Collecting Agency. P. rM.:iv wM,in? to buy or sell Crmsortown f -w;.-,! i,a;i Mt (,ur,lrt!),. , Knepcr li!-k. rM.ip! alt. -mi. .u uilU-,riveiHoil mail In- s s-"j..ifc mi.t aiiu i.Knii.in pros J - I :w i-iiciiis-ii tuiin-nt sixmp jo prc t ay answer. s. u t- i'i y t-i- i i. t, nv KnepH-r lil.x-k. SollMT-!, la. Oils! Oils! i taeul'T1!!"".""""!"00- PiK"''" Is port- .... , iiuia. M S-Clltny OI UwuufsituniiR l.,r tlw Ih.mesue trade the liuest brands of laminating & Lubricating Oils Naphtha & Gasoline, Pat can bsniade from Prtroleom. We cnal- wnte comparison with every known Product of Petroleum If you wish 'he uiort uniformly Satisfactory Oils IX THE American Farket, f nun. Trade for Somerset and Ticlnl ty supplied by COOK BEEKIT.S and 'KEAE KOUSER, bolBerwrt, Pa 1 VOL. XLIV. NO. -THE- First Mioil Ml Somerset, Penn'a. Capital, S50.000. Surplus, S18.000. DEPOSITS RECEIVED IN L8E ARDSMALL AMOUNTS. PAYABLE ON DEMAND. ACCOUNTS OF MERCHANTS, FARMERS, STOCK DEALERS. AND OTHERS SOLICITED DISCOUNTS DAILY. BOARD OF DIRECTORS. LaIH'E M. HICKS, GEO. R. SC ULL, JAMES L. PIUH, W. H. M I LLElt, JUUX R. SO iTT, 1M BT. S. SCULL, FKEU W. BIESECKER. EDWARD SCULL, : : PRESIDENT. VALEXT1XE HAY, : VICE PRESIDENT. HARVEY M. BERKLEY, . CASHIER. The funds and securities of tliU bank are se curely protected in a celebrated CoKI-ISS BfR (iLAK PkoofSaku. Theonly safe made abso lutely burglar-priKif. TbB SoieM Ccflatv National BAISSK OF SOMERSET PA. o. btabllthwi, 1877. 0rpnl2d u t Nitltral, 1890 CAPITAL, $50,000 SURPLUS AND UN- DIVIDED PROFITS $lb,UUU. Chas. I. Harrison. Pres't. Wm. H. Koontz, Vice Pres't. Milton J. Pritts, Cashier. Directors : SAMUEL SXYDER, WM. EXDSLEY, JOSIAH SPFX'MT. JONAS M. COOK, JOHN II . SNYliEIt, JOHN STUKrT, JOSKPH It. DAVIS. NOAH S. MILLER, HARRISON SNYDER, J ERoME STUEKT, SAM. B. HARRISON. Customers of this Innk will receive the most liberal treatment consistent w Unsafe hoiikiiur. Parties wistuiie to wild money east or west can lie accommodated by dm ft for any amount. Moiiev and valua tiles necured by one of IMe- bold's celebrated safes, with most improved time lock. Collection uutde In all parts of the united States. Cliaivt mislerate. Account and a. posits soiiciiea. Wild & Anderson, Iron &. Brass Founders, En;ineers tnd Machinists and En pin Builders. -Manufacturers of- COAL CAR WHEELS and AXLES. New mnl tieenl-lia:il Machinery, Mtaftinc, Ilanirers anil PulleyM, Injector, Lnlirii-ators, til t'itim. lite. ERECTING OF MACHINERY A SPECIALTY Strictly F;rst-Class Work Guaranteed. Shop on llrond St., near 15. A O. I iot Johnstown. - - Pa. TE ART AMATEUR. Beit and Largest Practical Art Magazine. (The only Art Periodical awarded a Medal at the Worid r'a.r.j NiWi.'tf tit aXL who trirk In mntr thnr J'r.'7 rf . of l i maxr liu ts um -. ( rUn lUCt wei:iendloacy a any one A C a spw i'l I 1 or p-a-ts III s supple x. meulKiUil n thin puiii.eatiou a men c.nv mith mwro c-t'or if.ir mvm o- trantiiiK aad i loentary paeA ol designs ireKUli price iac). Or CT1D OC we will tend also "Painting rUn ZOCt for BeainneraCJU p(fe). MONTAGUE MARKS, 23 Union Square, New Ysrk. ARTISTIC JOB PRINTING A SPECIALTY. 1IAURY M. BEXSII0FF, MANUFACTURING STATIONER CLANK BOOK MAKER BLOCK, 7 lie Pa. 4. JftM Grace Hilzon Like a New Woman I am feeling since I took Hood's SarsanarilU. 1 Was suffering from ladigesiira, Catarrh Hood Ja. 'g Sarsa- 4 Bick Headache -f -f aud did not have any U appeUte. I am glad to r, any Hood s Sarsapanlla mrmr-mrw bus cured me ol catarrh and all my other troubles. Grace Wilson, Itaiursviile, N. J. Hood's Pills cure all liver ills, constipa tion, blIlousn. lrk lieadache. indicestion. Campbell AND Smith Do you read our advertise ments in all the Pittsburgh Daily Tapers ? If not, lo so. It wUl pay you, and the indueoiuents oITered will persuade you either to visit our Great Pry Goods Establish ment, or order by mail. You will find we always have the goods just as advertised and at the price named. We have 09 DEPARTMENTS all up to date in style, and contain ing goods at lower prices than you can find them elsewhere. Departments: Carpets, Wash Goods, Curtains Linen Goods, Furniture, Domesties, Cloak?, Millinery, Silk Ladies' Under Dress Goods, wear, Gents' Furnish- Ladies' Hose, ings, Trimming?, Lace Goods, Linings, Art Goods, Infant's Wear, Xeckwcar, Small Wares, Crockoi-, Umbrellas, House Furnish- Parasols, ings, Shoes, Toilet Goods, Corsets. Our NEW TRUNK DEPART MENT is a great Success. Why? Low Prices. FIFTH AVENUE, Between Wood & Smithfie'.d Streets, PITTSBURG. PA. Jacob D. Swank, Watchmaker and Jeweler, Next Door West or Lutheran Church, Somerset, - Pa. I Am Now projiarcd to supply the public with Chn-kfi, Vatfhes, and Jew elry of all descriptions, su Cheap an the CheaiK-rtt, REPAIRING A SPECIALTY. All work guaranteed. Look at my stock before making your jHirehases. J. D. SWANK A. H. HUSTON, Undertaker and Embalmer. A GOOD HEARSE, ad eTerythlng pertaining to funerals furn ished. . SOMERSET - Fa omer SOMERSET, HISTORICAL ADDRESS W. H. KOONTZ, Esq. Fkliv-Citizi:xs of Somkkskt Coi xty: The Centennial Anniversa ry of the organization of Somerset couu- ty occurred on the 17th day of April List. The citizens of this county, ani mated by a patriotic xeutimeut, resolved to celebrate the day with appropriate ceremonies. To lot suit the conve nience of the people of t lie county it was deemed advisable to postpone the observance of this intertinr event un til this day, when they could cvlchrate not only the day when Somerset coun ty was organm-d, but theday on which the Continental Congress proclaimed to the world their immortal Declara tion of Independence, by which they altsolved themselves from all allegiance to the Itritish Government and declar ed that from thenceforth the colonies were, ami "of right ought to lie free and independent Htntes.' The period at which a community is organized into a separate iHilitieal body can not properly le regarded as the time front which its growth and de velopment legiu. The transactions of human life are often so closely connect ed that one event is the natural se- liienee of other events more or less re mote, but so inseparably linked togeth er and tending, ultimately, to produce :t certain condition of a flairs, that they proceed in regular ami harmonious or der ami with the unerring and irre sistible march of destiny. We look to the past to read the mean ing of the present, aud we only read the fu'l significance of the jK'riod in which we live by tracing to their ori gin the events that preceded and final ly produced it. It required eight cen turies of struggle I a-fore the Knglish government assumed deiiuite form, mil as many more In-fore it loomed up into its proud and majestic proortions. Marvellously rapid sis was the growth of our own country, it was nearly three centuries from the landing of Coltimhi.a until the adoption of the Constitution of the I'nited States. There are events in the lives of all nations that stand out with niarki-d conspicuity on the page of history. Some decisive 1 tattle that changed tiie ' fate of kingdoms and empires, such as Marathon and Tours where the ad vancing hordes of barbarism were hurl ed back from Kurojie, and the relics of ancient and the forms of modern civili zation preserved, and upon the fate of; which hinged the whole future pro gress of human civilization ; or such as Vorktown, where the liU-rties of a na tion were finally won ; or on the heights of tJt-Uysburg, where the forces of the Confederacy were so shattenil that the unity and integrity of the (Jreat American liepublic were finally preserved ; the establishment of great empires, dominated and controlled by the genius of one man, such as were created by the brilliant achievement of Alexander the (Jreat, Julius Cicsar and Napoleon Houapartt ; some great at t in the interest of humanity, suh the Information by Martin Luther, or the Kmancipatioii rroclaniHtion by Abra ham Lincoln, by which four millions of ens!aved human Itcings were set free These, and many others that might lie mentioned, are the splendid mouu uments on the pathway of time that can never lie obliterated. They note the struggles and triumphs of the hu man race and they tower alutve the ordinary occurreite-s of human life, as the lofty teaks of the Alps or Itocky mountains rise, in their majesty and grandeur, aiieve the surrounding re gions. Prominent among the great events in the world's history was the discov ery of America by Christopher Colum bus. It is true that Leif, the son of Kric the I ted, had reached our shores over live hundred years prior to the landing of Columbus. Drajter says that '"the wandering Scandinavians had reached the shores of America lirt in the vicinity of Nan tucket, and had given the name of Vineland to the region extending from beyond IWton to the south of New York. Hut the memory of these voy ages seems to have tot illy passed away, or the lauds were confounded with Greenland, to which Nicholas V. had apitoiutcd a bishop, A. I. 14 Is. Had the traditions Iteeii known to or re spected by Columbus, he would un doubtedly have steered his ship more to the north." The age in which Columbus lived was noted for its intellectual activity. The discovery of the art of printing in the year 1440 had given a new impetus to the people of Kurojie, who were fast awakening from the gloom and dark ness of the Middle Ages. The discovery of the new world crea ted an enthusiasm in Kurope such as has not been known since the days of the Crusaders. It agitated Kunpe to its deejiest foundations. It jiermeuted all sitciety from the tcasant to the throne. It opened up to the potentates of Kurope immense opportunities for discovery, conquest ami the dominion of vast regions of country beyond the sea ; to the nobles and other magnates of the old world visions if "wealth lie- youd the dreams ot avarice," and to those among the masses of the jteople who could get away from their old en vironment it gave the hope of new homes with lietter conditions of life than those that surrounded them. There were various motives that gov erned the people that Hocked to this country. Some came to better their condition ; some for tiie mere actui.-i- tion of wealth, and some for fame and to acquire jK.wer and dominion over their fellow men. Among them, howevi r, came one who wan animated by a lofty purpose ; who came with his soul filled with the high ideal of founding a great common wealth upon the basis of freedom of conscience and of equal rights to all. This person w as William IVnn.a name that should make the heart of every Pennpylvanian, of every American, yea of every lover of his race, thrill with joy. He was a son of Admiral Pcnu of the English Navy, who was a warm personal friend of Charles the Second, then King of England, and in lGsl he obtained from the crown a jiateiit for a large territory in the new world in pay ment of a debt of Sixteen thouauud set ESTABLISHED 1827. PA., WEDNESDAY, JULY IO, 1805. pounds owing by the government of Ureal ISritain to his father. This char ter vested in him and his heirs the per petual proprietorship of an extensive region of land in North America, and in addition to the consideration of six teeit thousand touniU there was the fealty of the annual payment of two beaver skins to be duly delivered at Windsor Castle. His first intention was to call his newly acquired territory New Wales, and then suggested as a name, Sylva- ma, as being appropriate to a land "covered with forests," but the King out of his resiK.'et for, and in honor of Admiral Peuii, the father, ordered and directed that the name Pennsylvania lie giveu to the new province. In I'iS he landed in this country and in the latter part of that year he made his famous treaty with the Indians at Shackamaxon, now Kensington, the only treaty, as Voltaire says, that was never sworn to and never broken," and thus were laid the foundations of this groat commomvculth. As Penn- sylvanians we are justly proud of the illustrious man whose name is forever linked with that of our great state, and we feel that the great English historian Macaulay truly said of him, that "Kival nations and hostile sects have agreed in canonizing him. England is proud of his name. A great common wealth beyond the Atlantic regards him with a reverence similar to that w hich the Athenians felt for Theseus and the Itomans for Quirinus. He w ill always be mentioned with honor as a founder of a colony who did not in his dealings with a savage tcoplu abuse the strength derived from civilization, and as a lawgiver, in an age of perse cution, made religious liU-rtv the cor ner stone of a jtolity." 1 le governed the province from until 171-, w hen he transferred to the crown all his rights as proprietor, and Pennsylvania came under the dominion of the King of England. The limits of the newly acquired province were not distinctly asvrtained, but by sulise quent treaty the boundaries were fixed to cover the territory now included in the State of Pennsylvania It is not made clear how much of his province William IVnn ever saw, but it is ex tremely likely that his examination was limitfd to the eastern part and but a small jiortion. of the province. He may jfissibly have reached Lan caster. The township, or town, as it is called in some of the States, is the unit of our political system, and for this di vision we are indebted to our ances tors in the forests of Germany, as we are indebted to them for the principles of parliamentary government. T'.ie word "town" is derived from the Saxon word tun, which signified the hedge, or litch, which divided tine tribe-from another, each claiming to have juris- lictioii over its own a! fairs, and there the doctrine of home government, or home rule, was first established. Several towns, or townships, consti tuted a county, which is oneof the civil iivisious tif a state for civil and polit ical puposes. The first three counties of Pennsyl vania were Chester, Herks and Phila delphia, all of which are in theextreme eastern part tif the state. Tiie tide of immigration had set in rapidly and the eastern as well as the extreme western iortion of the province was being set tled. The county of Lancaster was created in 17, forty-seven years after the landing tif Pen n. Then followed York in 174!, Cumberland in 17-Vl, Berks and Northampton in 17"2, Bed ford in 1771, Northumltcrland in 1772, Westmoreland in 177.1, Wa-hingtoii in 17M, Fayette in 17s.", Franklin and Montgomery in 17S4, Dauphin in 17i, Luzerne in ITsi"., Huntingdon and Del aware in 17.S7, Miltliu in 17SSI, and Som erset in 17!i."i. We have now reached an event which resulted directly from the dis covery of America by Columbus and the foundation of the Province of Penn sylvania by William Penn, for without Ctilumbtis and Pcnn, in the language of a distinguished American statesman, where would we beat?" The subject on which, through the courtesv of the Committee of Arrange ments, I am to sjtcak to you to-day pntjKTly suggests for c moderation the following matters: lt. What was the natural condi tion of the territory now included in the limits tif S.imerset county prior to it- settlement? 'nd When, where and by whom were the fir.-t settlements made? .".d. The formation of the county and its suliscqueiit development. rilKXATl KAl. fOMUTloX tiKfnK TKlt- l!l rttKY I'KlttH Ttt ITS SKTTl.KM KT. Somerset county has two natural boundaries, tine on the east and the other on the west, the ridge of the Al legheny mountain forming the eastern and the Laurel Hill the western Utur.d- arv. I have not Iteeii able to learn why a mountain of the magnitude of the Iaurcl should by name lie reduced to t lie pn ij tort inns of a hill, especially when we remember that its ascent is four miles on one side and three on the oilier. This is illustrated by a couplet that used to be sung by the wagoners in the days before railroads were made in this section, when travelling west ward: "Tlnvc mil. up and four mile down. Seven miles to 1 jiij.rlilintown." Laugh linstow ii is in the Ligonicr Valley at the western luise tif the mountain. If William Penn had ever reached the summit of the Allcghenies, he would have fully appreciated the ajt- propriatencss ot a part of the name tif his province, Silvani'i, font was truly "a land covered w ith forests," and he would also have verified the statement made in a letter to a friend, in which he savs: "This day my country was con firmed to me under the great seal of England, w ith large powers and priv ileges, by the name of Pennsylvania, a name the king would give it in honor of my father. I chose New Wales, lie- ing as this is a pretty hilly cttuntry, but Penn being elsh for a head, as Peiimaumoire in Wales and Penrith in Cumberland and Penn in Bucking hamshire, the highest land in England, called this Pennsylvania, which is the high or head wood lands," etc. Here he would have found at an ele vation of S00 feet above the level of i .. i : tiie seji, "the high or head woodlands" of the province with which his name wits to lie forever associated, and which was destined to make his memory iu:re enduring than monuments tif brass or marble. This county is frequently called the 4 'It lade V and sometimes- pleasantly styled the"SUteof the Glades," but the term only applies to a portion of it- The word "Glade" is defined to lie "a clear, green spot in the wood, or an avenue through it," or as Thompson says, "Tiie unsheltered glade." The term was applied to the uiitimliered lands or natural meadows which line the headwaters of m-arlv nil the streams ttf Somerset, Stonyereek, Brothersvalley, Summit, Milford, Jen uer and Conemaiigh townshijis, while the streams of Shade, Paint and Ogle townships rise in the pine barrens of the Alleghenics and flow through deep gorges covered with hemlock timber. One acquainted with the appearance of the "Glades" can readily distinguish them from land that has been reclaim ed from timlier, although the original grass, which resembled blue gra-s, has disappeared and a mixture ttf coarse grass and sedge, commonly called ur grass, has since taken its place. Some ttf the "Glades," especially the marshy parts, have since grown up in dense thickets of alder and willow brush. A very clear description of the "Glades" is found ill the journal of Herman Husband, one if the first set tlers of the county, and tif whom fur ther mention w ill lie made. In tn-scrili-ing the general apjiearance of the coun try at that time he says: "Innumera ble Glades extend front the top of the mountain range on the east to the tp ttf a parallel range on the w est, through i valley ranging in extent from twelve to twenty miles. The laud is divided into hill.-i, bottoms and glades. The hills are mostly covered with line and lofty timber with but little underbrush. The liottoms are oitcli and often sodded with a short grass that never attains a height ttf more than a few inches. The (reams after leaving the glades on ! which they generally take their rise break through rugged ridges and dark pine forests often so thick as to exclude the rays of the sun." Of the natural productions of the country he says: "The wild fruits gin to rijteli in July. S.-rviiv berries, choke cherries, wild cherries, wild plums ami black haws altound hi the bottom. On the ridges huckleberries, raspl terries and blackberries grow in an unlimited extent aad rip -n in great IKTlectlon. As the season advanced the nuts npjtearcd, the hazel nuts in dusters on the edges of the glades, the chestnuts and hickory nuts on the tqt- laiids, tit-ret her with the different sp.- cies of oak, c tvered the ground with promisfu ius heaps. The inn hem slopi-s are eivcred by the wild p. -a vine, which afforded excellent pi-::iiv. The was a small tub.T almost as lar'. is the comm in p.a and grew under ground. After the country was settled acrt-t tip-n acres of ground were rooted Up by hogs in search of wild pea, and Hi consequence it tliapp-.-ared l"r.m the tuntry." The territory include,! in the present limits nf this county was evidently not the home tif the Indian, who took belter under the m .nt lin- and alomr the streams, but it undoubtedly afford ed him a line hunting ground, as there was an abundance tif game. The ele vation of the cntuilry and the severity tif the climate made it too i-iM fi-r a home, as the winter in so densely a won1c1 country a this was at that time iiiu.-t have '"lingered lou in the lap of spring" and Ikvii wry severe. and it wa evidently at first not wrv at tractive to the w hite settlers, as the c ttintie tif Westmoreland, Washing ton, Fayette and Allegheny, all west of u, were settled and organized ln-fore S tmersct countv. We fail very well imagim- what a i leant i fill country it wa in its primi tive state. Standing tm the summit of either one of the m tunt.iin rantr- tliat hound ii cat and west, there must have b. vll presented t the eve a sc -;:e f unsurpassed ln-auiy. At a distance of twenty miles the other mountain range stand out in b.ild oiitiiue. stretching along for many inilisj, and it may well have htvn said, in the lan guage tif the HK't : '-'Tis tliM.ini c 1, .i.Ik i im liaiilliK nl to li t-vi.-r And rol! the nwuuUilu in its iiure hue." But nothing was inquired to lend en laiitmi'iit to the w hole str.-t.-h of in tervening country tif hiil and valley, of forest and glade. What a delightful prosK-ct it must !ave alforditl in the "leafy month tif June," w lieii the for ests were covered with their foliaire of every variety of green, and when later they were tinted with their varied col ors and Autumn spread its transcend ent licautv from mountain rane to mountain range over the v. hole; w hen the morning sun first touched with its rays the summit ttf the Alleghenics, and its setting flooded the heights tif the I jiu re 1 Hill with a sea of gold am! bathed the w hole intervening country with its soft and mellow light. And yet the season had come and gone for countless ages over thisdovcly scene, with no one hi appreciate its Utility ami grandeur, and the waters of the streams, then nameless, had flowed tin silently to the ocean and heard no sound save their ow n dash ing, the howl of the wild U'ast and of the wild man. But the time was rapidly approach ing when it was to U invaded by the w hile man. Tiie ti.le of immigration had set in rapidly and U-gau to ticcu- py the comities in the eastern jiart tif the state. Immigrants came fn ni England, Ireland and Scotland, and in large numU-rs from the Palatinate, Ba varia and Baden ami other jturts of tin "Fatherland," and in the course tif time their descendant began to seek new honies; and we now approach the period w hen the pioneer first made his aiiiH-arance in this section tif coun try. From the U-st insinuation attaina ble, George Washington, the first Pres ident ttf the United States, wa the first white man to set foot on the soil tif w hat L now Sunerset county. On tiie 14th of NovemU r 17".:, Gov. Din w id die, ttf Virginia, sent George Wash ington it a stecial messenger to the French commandant in Western Pennsylvania to ascertain aUtut the JLlt 0-L 3j JLCLo j troubles then existing U'tween the i French and Ohio company, and the mute traversed by him is supintsed to have liecn m-arlv the same us that tif the Pittsburg & Coniifllsvillf railroad. Washington pa.sscd through tiie county again two years later under the KiC'li.-li General BraddH-k, who was inarching toward Fort Duqtu-sne, but w hit fell into the ambush laid by the Indians at the site of the present city tif liraddock, ou the !lhof July 177-1, and when Braddnck nu t acrushiugde- j feat. Jhe road cut by Bra-Mock's j Iraqis was the first ever made in the , county and was nut a great di.-tamv j fn tut the Niitioiial Pike in .Vdhs'iu j township, but it out v traver.-etl a smi.ll portion of the comity. In 17'i.s, three year anr Braddock's defeat w hicli was the worst defeat the English government had sustained in America up to that date under the lead tif Wiliiam Pitt, three expeditions were tletenuilied mini to n-si-t the piwvrof the French t:i Ai-i' Tit an s..i!, tine of which was placed under ihe command tif General John Forties. Dr. Eagle in hi history tif Pennsylvania s;iys: "Hi.s army consisted of nearly nine thousand men, embracing British regular Mnl provincial front Pennsyl vania and the Lower Counties, Vir ginia, Maryland and North Carolina. Tiie troops from the latter governments rendezvoused at Winchester, while the Peiiiisylvaiiians under Col. Bouquet :is-M'iii!il-d at Itaystov. n. The Commander-in-Chief, wilii the regulars, marched from Philadelphia to ffTcct a junction with the force at Itnystown, but in foUse.!ieiice tif severe ind'.-po.M; io i General Forties did not get farther than Carlisle, w here he wa compclli-d to stop. He marched to Bedford a Unit the miioile ttf Sept.-lnlif r, 17'ts, where he met the provincial troops under Ctiloia I Washington. At the sugges tion of Bouquet and the Pi u- Ivaiiia officer a new r.iad was cut ilin-ct from Itaystown to l.ovalii:in:ia, a ili.-tam-e of forty-live miles, where Col. Bouquet erected a fort." A considerable prtioii of this road, jierhajt neatly one-haif of if, traversed the northern itrt of Somerset futility. The Bi'ndilofk road, made in 17-Vt, and tiie Fori- road, made in 17-V, nre the first two mads made through Somerset county, aud they w ere destined for a time to In-come the highway for the immigrants to this section of tiie pro-! vince and further ve-t. tim: kiust strm.KMKXTS. It is a diflicult matter to determine exactly when, where and by whom the first settlements were made. The Al legheny mountain was the western boundary ttf the territory acquired from the Indian by treat icsof 17Y4aud 17 H, but the country west tif the mountain wa rapidly U-ing encroached ujxin by French and English tra lers, the Frent h moving from the Allegheny river and up the Monongahela and Youghio gheny river, while the English came i:i by way f the Juniata river and the pack hor-e trail leading westward through the present towns of Carlisle, Shippensburg, Cliaiubcrsburg. McCon nellsliurg and Bedford, while other, were from the provinces of Maryland and Virginia, w ho passed over the In dian trail leading from Old Town, Maryland, to the Youghiogheny. T!ise trader were in no sense settlers, and pts-sibly some of them may have passed through what is now the terri tory of Stmt-rset county, but tif this there i no certainty. It wa imt long, however, until the actual white settler U-gan to invade the territory west of the Allegheny mountain and to trespass upon the land of the Indians by making set tlements fberesui. A letter dated Win chester, Virginia, April :, 17i-", said: "The frontier inhabitants of this colo ny and Maryland are removing fast over the Allegheny mountains, in or der to settle and live there." In the history of Bedford. Somerset and Ful ton counties, by Waterman, Watkins & 'o., it i said, that the p.-ople here referred to and other, for several suc ceeding ytar', settled eh icily in the val ley of the Bedstone, tif Tiri-L' !!J" ' and some other points lielow, on the Yollgh- iogheiiy, in the valley tif Cheat river and in Gist's ncighUirhottd ju.-t west of Laurel Hill or the lot-aiitv now termed Ml. Braddock. These settle ments were ail made during the years from 17u! to 17o inclusive, and w ith that at Ft. Pitt embraced, until aUiut the year 177i, nearly all .f the w hite inhabitants tif the province tif Penn sylvania west of Ihe- Allcght nies." The Indians remonstrated against thi invasion of their territory, and the King of England, in OetoU-r, I7ii-, wrote to Gov. Penn, in which he gave instructions, after reciting the grievan ces ccmplaincd of, as follows: "It is therefore our w ill and pleas ure, and you are hereby strictly enjoin ed and required, to use your U-st en deavors to suppress such unwarranta ble proceedings and to put a stop to these ami all other the like encroach ments for the future," etc. Pursuant to these instructions. Gov. Penn issued a pr iclamati m prohibit ing all hi Majesty's subjects from making any settlement, or taking any poise-ssiou of lands beyond the limits tif the last Indiiii purchase; but the white trcsjiassers still maintaining their ground, Captain Alex. Mackay, with a detachment of the 4Jd Begi- iiient, was ordered to Bedstone', where on June 17ti, he issued a proclama tion ordering them to come together and return to their several provinces without delay on jn-nalty of all their gottds ami merchandise lieing seized as law ful prize and to U-ctime the prop erty if the captor. These efforts having failed, an Act of Assembly was passed on the JmI of Feb ruary, 17tis, entitled "An Act to re move the persons now settled, etc., and to prevent others from settling ou any lands in this province not purchased from the Indians," etc. In order to enforce this Act, the ( Jov ernor stion after it iasage, apjiointcd the Be v. Captain John Steel, of the Presbyterian church at Carlisle, and three others, to visit the region west of the Allcghenies '"to promul gate and explain the law and induce the settlers to comply with its ivquire meiits." On the 2d ttf April, 17s, they made report to John Penn, Governor of the Province, in w hieh they -aid: WHOLE NO. 221)3. j " n the 31-t of March we came to ( the great crossing tif the Yo'.ighioghe- j ny ani In-nig intoruKtl ly tne Spccr, ' that ciirht or ten f;oiiili- lived in place caile.l itrki iJ'Mjf, w e sent some proclamation thither by said Spccr, as we tlid to a few families nigh the cross ings of little Yougli, judging it un-ncit-ssary to go among them." The names of these persons are then given, namely: Henry Abrahams, Ezekiel IVWitt, James Spene r, Ben jamin Jenning, John Casper, Ezekiel Hickman, John Enslow, Henry En slow and Benjamin Peiisley. We here have the evidence of a set tlement in Turkeyf.Kit in the early part of 17i;s, and of a few families nigh the erasing tif the little Yotigh, Imt as these commissioners went out over Braddot-k's route, which is in the ex treme southern part of the county, they may not have lieen informed as ttt settler a great distance' north of that route. These di:li -,i!:i.-s were finally settled by a treaty h. Id w ith the Indian at Fort Stanwix ( near Rome, New York) in the fall of ITtiS w hereby the limits of the proviutv were extended to the precnt western limits f the state. There is no evidence t.f any settle ment in the county prior to Braddock's march through the comity in 17-Vt, therefore all the settlements made in the county mu-t have K-en made U twteii 17-V. and 17TI, when all the pres ent limit of the county were organiz ed as Biothcrsv nilcy town-hip, Bed ford county, which w;:s created that year; the pres i.t territory of this coun ty having previously U-vli part of Cum berland county. Tradition say that a soldier by the name of Pi.iliippi, fled from the fatal ti 'd where Braddeck was defeated, and, after wandering in the wilderness f-.r sonic time came to Ihe Till key foot bill and settled, ami M ttli rs wen- soon after :.i traded there from Braddofk's road. Tiie next settlement was probably made by a man named Wagely or Wegerlein, who took up a pietvof land in Brother-valley township, which i the h:ud formerly owuetl by Edward Kiniuii ii, u-tw by J. O. Stoiu-r. It is sai.i that he induced a liumlter of jeo pl" t-i come from Maryland and settle on Buffalo creek. When Herman Husband came to this county in 1771, he found thi s.-t-ilcMcnt, w hich w:l numerous enough to form a religi-tus sH-iety. They had an orgauizeil church and a meeting house; sjM.ke the icrman language and called themselves the "i'.rethren," and doub'.b- fr-im thi Itirue the name "Br uder' Tiial," which in English mean Brot Ik r-valley. The Berlin . t? lenient wa made at aliut the same time, but wasdifll-rent, a tlu-se settler were mcmlter- of ti e I.uti.craii and German Rcfoimed chur -he. The Elk Lick settlement w;:s a!-o m ide at or alwtut the si me ti ne, 1 it is extremely probable, that it V-1- ihis settlement that Capt. Steele reft tred lo in hi rep irf i:i 17-;. when he spoke ul' a few f.tiuilie "nigh the crossing of little Yougli." t.'oneediiig, then, that the Turkey foot settlement was the first, there- i unmistakable evidence that those- in Brother-valley an I Elk Lick were made shortly then-after, for a Broth ersvalley township, Bedford county, was organized in 1771, an assessment was made in the fall of that year, a copy t,f which is found ill the hi-tory of I'tdford, Sonitr-et and Fulton coun ties, pages ( ! and 7, and in w hieh are found the iwiiii of the jit-rsoi;s in the Turkey foot settlement, tin wMmm Capt. Sti-cle had served notice to quit the territory and also the name tif John Markhy, the first settler in the E'.k Lick s-ttlcnit nt and Philip Wagely, the tir-t in the Brothersvalley settle ment. Herman Husband was the first man w ho establi-hed a home near what is now the town of Somerset. He came here in the early pan of the summer of 1771. He waonc of the iatrio(ie men in North Carolina, who started the movement before it U-gan in tiie north ern colonics, and froi 1 w henev he tied after the defeat of the R -gulator, who were engaged in an effort to overthrow the Boyal Government tif the province and establish jMipular government. He was so impressed with his fortunate e-cape that in an a.-sf.s-mcut made of Br;ihcrvaliey tttwnitip in 1772, lie signed hi name "Herman Husband Toscajie IVath,"and ill his will, which is the first on record in Somerset cttun ty, hi makes a Uqiu-st to his son Isj:ae Tosc:ih-." He was in .search of an old friend of hi, named Isaac Cox, who wascamjttsl on the head waters of the stream that still U-ars his name-. Before he found Cox In-in t a hunter named Sparks, who 1. cattd mar a spring on the plate now owiicd by William A. Milhr, altout a mile nortli-west of Somerset. Husband liotight Spark's claim aii-1 brought his family there in the fall tif 1772. This farm remained in the Hu -liaud family until ls-YI. Tiie hunters who had located at dif ferent points among the glades lie-side Cox, were three brothers by the name of Wright, other by the names of Peiisley, White, Mills, Wilson, Spark, Vansel and Pcnrod. Hiisliand Uiught the most of their claims, the usual pre paid for a tomahawk right, as it was called, Uing a certain quantity of powder and lead. A tomahaw k right consisted in a settler deadening a few treest near a spring and cutting the in itials of his name in the bark of others as indicative tif his intention to hold and occupy the land adjacent . to or slimtundcd by the blazed or deade-netl trees. S-:ne of these persons took up other claims and U-ctime settlers. Cox did not remain, bat disappeared froai approaching ciiIiation to the wilds ttf the Ohio river and wa not afterward heard from. S;irk m tved acr.tss the glade to the old Martecny place. In the interval U-tween 1772 and 1774, a numU-r if families came to the settlement and the nucleus of Bruncrs- town wa form-il. Among those who came ea'ly the names of Ankeny Brown, Bruner and Schiuitler are found. After the construction ttf the military road bv General Forlte, in 17"s, it U- rame the main nmte of travel lietwee-n the tiist ard the West, until tiie Pitts burg and Philadelphia turnpike tk it place. Sometime near the Ughi lling of the War ttf Iiide--nd-nee Cas-jit-r Statler I' ft hi Untie in Laiica.-ter siiinty and moved out along Ihe FotU-s ru-l. lie ls-atei at a 5,int near ti e top of the Alhgheiiy n:(,u:i tain ou i.- western !ojte. The follow ing accjuitt o.' thn pl.ti e i. by bij n, the Lite Samik-! Sutler, Sr.: "i ron aUttit 17.; I can recollect event very n-adily. Our plait; was jui'e public; scan-ely a night pa-sed that we had not lo-lger-i. S-tldiers, Mt-ker, trader, emigrant and travel er frequently stopprtl with ti. Igirge Uslie ttf soldier Ktsel up thirim; St. flair's and Wagou-r's eietlition- against the Indian on the wrst- ni frontier." The- Federal trotqi on their Way to suppress the whisky insurrection passed Statler's place, and on their re turn halted there a few day. Among the prisoner they had in charge were ILiU-rt Philsoii and Herman Husband. After the turnpike wa finished the Staler opened another establishment for the accommodation tif increasing travel which the new road brought, w.iieh U-came w idely kliouu as the "Statler" stand in the day of wagon ing and staging from forty to tit'iy years ago. The lamU'rt family, connected with the Statler family, came into the north of the county altout the same- time. A man by tiie name of Burket tilso came altout the same time and settled on w hat is now the Pittsburg pike, at a point mar the "Forties," road. Shortly alter these- parties had come to this county, Fn ib-rick Mostoller came from N-irtiiumU-riand county along the "Furltes" road and settled at a point m-ar Freideiis Stat ion, Sunerset township, where George Beitz lived. Hewa.t!ie father of J toll M t, toiler, who afterward repns-e-uted the county several times in the Legislature, and the great rand-fat her of David and John Mostoller, whoare living, and the latter of whiiui ree.-iviil a medal for distinguished service- in the late War. Among the first settlers in the north of the county was John Bell, father of Ihivid lW-, wh't was an honored citizen of this county and who died several year ago, at an advaint-d age. John Bell came fr tiii York c tunty, se ttled in the wilderiH-ss at a place wliich a fit r wards bee-ame the Grilllth r e It It liu lit and lived there a nuiiiU-r of years, un til auotlier fam.iy fooownl from the same county. '1 hey did not know of any person living in that scctios;, ex-c-pt a family living near wiicreSioye-t-e.vn lio-.v is and aiio;hcr faurly :u t.k-. the lnoi;nt.-tiii tit ar what is now Sehell--blirg. These two families they learn -d to know by having to g.t to 111 -nly Bun, now Evt n tt, eight mile east of Bet I lord, at wliich jmint W;l-" tiieir neat est grist-mill. The trip generally took them three days and at night they had t i lie dow n under a tree at a place where there was gras for tln-ir horses. They had no meat, but wild game, for a numU r of vears. Be-11 wold his place to the family that followed him from York and altout the year I sin, i movtsl to a plaee north of Sipe.-ville w here Jaeob J. Bowman uow resid.-s. It was here my informant vis ited him about 11 1 and to whom he related mti'-li of hi.s experience in his wilderness home. This w.es hi second improvement and the building were of course U-tter than those of the first, and are thus de-scriU-d. The ho;:-e wo.i large-, cttnsjst ingof two building. of hewed log, tine-half used a a kitchen and the other half a.-a sitting room and U-d rutin, w itik tlm-e w indowsof four lights anil passage way U tweeu the two building, with a door on either side. AH the floor wen- laid w ith hewed .'ijiiare log nii-ely fitted together, and a ladder to go to the loft. A clajt board roof, kept in place by pile and pmjt from p de to p ile. Woixlen disirs, put together with wooden pin and witmleii hinge and wocdeii latches. Not a n til or bi; of iron in the w hole structure. Therv was no need of a duty on iron those- days. Tiie barn wa made of logs and in it were found the old wind-mill, wooden mould-tiourd plow, pack saddle and Dutch scythe. It must U- reiuemliered that all thi was a great improvement tm the first cabin home-. The exjte-ricne-e of the Bell family in going to mill was the same as expcriciniccd by all the early setthT. Daniel Sioy wa the founder of the ancient village of S:oystow:i, and lived and died about one mile we-st ttf that place. He wa among the first settler in the north of the county and lived to a gi Mid old age and wa fond of relating the many interesting and exciting in cident of his life in the wilderness. Among the early settlers in th - south of the county wa James Haiino, w ho was the father of Hon. John llanna. who wa an assts-iate judge of our court and who i now tleeea-etl. and of Major Alex. llanna, w ho is also tle tvascd. He wa a nie-mU-rof the Leg islature and always traveled to and from Harrisiiurg on horstbaek, and on one occasion he- was taken sick at Ber lin and hud In U' carried home on a stretcher. He was a native of Ireland, came to thi country aUttit I7: diesl in Isl'.i, and ha left many decciidatit in the cttunty U-sides those I have nanietl. Such were tiie condition under w hich the tir-t settler occupie-d thi section ttf the ttuntry. A loe-atioit fixi-d ujioii after a long and te-tlious jour ney over hills, valleys and mountain, a lonely life in the wilderness, in aii humble cabin. We can readily under stand the patience, the courage, the toil and privations I ley had to undergo. But this simple, primitive mode of living was dear to them a w ith stout heart they hoped and with stnuig hands worked for a U tter stateof thing for themselves and families. In ail con dition of life anel in all quarters of the glolie, in all the ages of the jiast, there are tvrtain chords of the human he-art, when touched, that vibrate in the same manner. Joy Iciijis as high in the humblest csibiu over birth and mar riage as ill the most splendid palace. Hope spring as "exultant on triumph ant wings" over tlm humble hut, as the lordly mansion and the pang felt by the blow of the death angel i as keen i:l the house-hold ttf the humble and lowly, it in the marble hall of the titled of the earth. To-ilav w hen we look over tuireounty and see the beautiful cultivated faruts. the thriving towns and villages, and witness all the comforts that surround our jiettple, we cannot but feel that we ttwe a lasting delit of gratitude to those--ople who first settled in the wileler iiess. The pioneer is the advance guard of civilization. His home is the outpost, with all the civilization of all the ages U bind it and to which and over which humanity will march to still further fields of conquest. The way blazed to his cabin wits the fore runner of the highways and railways over which the commerce of a vast country was to U carried. His humble hut was the simple impnivemeiit event ually changed for cumfortable homes and his humble surnttindings were to 'Cum fml' tl oi J-'ourth 1'wjr. Johnstown, o 1
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