."Publication. .somerset Herald, ! Vr4neley eornln; at , easmed. !,rtj4 ap. IHietianJier neglecting -CTrs de take oat 5w . IK t responsible lbc til Bb- s?" f " wlr nrom on. - -"n .w. im of the former M ;J,U srejeal-- Somerset Herald, Somerr, Fa. Somerset, Pa. 7 -' U SI I'LL. Sotceraet, Fa. .'vdsli:y. ' " ATroK-NKY-ATLAW, rjemerset, I'e. TFNT A ATrOHXEV-AT-LAW Suinorsei, Peon'. Kl'LL. "ArnKSET-AT-LAW. Somerset, Pa. i HMTTS. i atxokxev-atl w, ? i Somerset, la. f -juirt in Mammoth Bioc. ATTUKStV-AT-LAW, Somerset, l l. ,k, r.rtirt Hoaso. A. IV business entrust .ueuul to l-U irouipuiers a H. W.H.KV1TKL. ruoTH A- IUTPKL ATTUKXtVS-AT-LA. ,i, en-re'ted to their care will be J , h, 'u tTow .met, ;noeu' the 7 v- L.r.. fX-UU-US. t.o::n .t coleorn, ATTUKNEVS AT-LAW. ..,., In-nnted in ourenre will be vnrnpt "!U'0.ie.l t '.4ieei k Biwi 5"- TaKIMMKL. ATlUKNfcY.AT-LAW, Sutnerset, I'fc. I , fi n.i .ij'.iiiinp( cuutuies with j rHK l c B-Kllty. ifi on Main Crow t '-eft. I'ATTERSOX, a;t"'j:-ey-at-law, Somerset, Pfc. en;ratJ to bl "ire wlil ii b .rOil'tuesa nl B-lelily. t- -RY F. 8CHELL. ATIXiUNEY-AT LAW, J Vt ttA renon Agent, homenwi. z, jlnuiamlo btcK. iI.KNTiXE HAY. AlH'K.tY-AT-L.W . i .t'l t Tin rtei! r.ft.w I v.in.urtwt entrusted to hit cre n .nil tiuety iv ii.riii- ATTOHNEY-AT-LAW n.ir.ptlvtten.i'tolt hofineM Mtiw 4 i U.Imtlb Hull WS. fi.0C.LK ATTOKNEY-AT LAW, Sotutrset Pa., l.-na! botne entrnf ted t tr.J care at i toar.li rviui Ujsi aud tCclity. 'lLUAM II. KOOSTZa. 1 Sstmermt, fa.. I ;;itlpr!aJUmlon tobut.. enti-; Lu rate in mernet and adJo.uaK f'''',t- i la triauug house lvow. j vMES L. ri'GIL ATTOKNEY-AT LAW Somera. Ta. A?inn.nik i:lrk. nD stalra. Q. "ranee. $ law street, tvileetioi.e made, estates U titles examined, and ail l-fl buataess ti to with promp'oeas ano du'iuj. L P.AF.R. ATIOKNEY-ATLAW, Somerset, Pa, b .tiMicnMwtandadtolnlnaeoi:ntle. -tneae entxuBteo to uim " r-- cd to. . 1 1 ,.c m:or. ATTOKNEY-A1-LAW a Somcract, Ptnn'a. .tic XNIS IKYEHS. ATTf IKN LY- AT-L AW. eiouieraet. Penn a. vral bn'iness entrualed to bleeue will be mip with pro;ir.ee and fidelity. -inMiiaieioih Uljck next .rtoBoy t.jre. i V HOWARD WYNNE, M. D. ' jonssTo ir.v, rESXA . ...woftb. Eve. Ear. Nore niaTb 4i an.) x-'.uive praetle. Houra. a. . to Lather k Urecn U-Jca, ! ioan St. 1EN 1 1ST, SOMERSET, PA. -.In Mammoth Block, itw Royd' Vrr .-ere be can at alt tiroes be Pnt 1!'" a!l kinds. I work, soch as tUnit reu mrsctm ke Artificial teethof ail kinda. lS bl material Ineer.ed. Operations I luted. , ) I s HUE M. HICKS. JUaTICb OF THE PEACE, Sumcrset, Peoii'a. S1MMF.LL. U.S. KINS W-L. .1 E. M. K1MMELL vt SrON n.lertelrrm1eMoiia;erv1resto tbe eiti-S- merwl and vtrlr.Hy. Or of tb. mem rthe nrm eaa at all'.times. anH-aa pmlei.m vared. I .ud at their olfcoe, on Main -ast ot the Diamond. T .1 lv' MILLER lms vonna- 1 -otlv located In Iterlm for tbe practice ol ion.-.ra oH-e Cnsrlea K";in .. air. 2J, o-tt i H. DKUBAKER t'TKipr? his 1 j- ' .rt -n..xl arc Ire V- tbe ci' liens of Sora I nivi.-int;y. ortlr. la raWenee on J.ain 1 4-t.aestul tbe Diamond. A. 0. MILLER. li rrmrved tr S. ,otb Peed, Iihfiana, w berc ht t J Uitcd by letter or ovberw is-. I) I yi JOHN BILLS. -1 f HENT15T. ' j-calvHeErjHce.y'tore, 'Mela Cresa Somavset, Pa, JAMOND HOTEL, STOYSTOWX. l'KNN'A. pooalar and well a' biuae has lately ,Ioa.rM and rewW refitted altb all new 'I I n ol tarruare. wkb bas made It a very i Me Mti-pinr place l the traaelins; il.ic. a aide and roo a cannot oa raroaaeeu, at. I -rat cUea, with a lara-e pol.lic hall attached " . naa Ala. lanre aLd mi atabi.ns: i rtaw lwrltnr cur 1 had at the kweet .- wires, 1-y tbe week, day or meal. ' SAMEIX.Tf'TER.Pn. t-. E. Cor Dtaaxd SuijaU'W ,ra i 3.000 Gallons ME FERMENTED ! WINE, FOR SALE J.Caererst A. 3. rasebeer k ra v UK rat l. pa or at tii ji4R GROVS FARM rhof rVierset, tfc lie. of masa Tbe I ik-waiy h a liM I tbe kltids la lt, BLACKBErr.Y, '-'tWY CURRANT. I tlCCRCCRSY, WILD-CHERRY I VD CIDER WtXE. h w .atetltv u nit rierraaarr. a atack aaed lor medlnal and aaera ,"! tea at a Devenire by thoaa ; rr viae. I i lie YOL. XXX. NO 47. THE WORLD-FAMED BURDETT QBGAII is van sau? oxlv nv I. f. ISKFFJ.EY, Afi5? ?.?. SOMERSET, PEfllU'A. Above IIevky HcrnJtT'a Stock. EEFflEE BUYING T2Y THE BUEDETT ! "IT IS TUI-; BFiSri" It Ma MM ii Tarietf. Banty 4 Price. The sujierlority of the BurJett Organs U noog lilted ao.i acknowledged ty to. highest sausiral am horil les, ttxl the demand f. then is steadily Inereaainir as their merit are beooinlna; more e-tenl-elv known. What everybody wants Is tne BKS r UKU AN for the least amount of money : Tlierefjre everylJy wmu th. BL KDETT. Evznv OrgaxQcaaivtked Ffvn tcaae. Sold ei Easy Monthly Payr.ntt and Low for CASH. "10L1XS, GCITAliS, ACCOnDKOXS, BANJOS, CL.UIOXETTS, PIC- 0)M)S. FLUTES, FIFES, Anl In frt evorTthlnir In Ihennrical line. Tbe latn-t -4 note ileMnthle Initrnrtioa Ui.ika for nil iuimments on ule. Hlank Music Uooki naa P iwrot mil lUu and kinds. . SHEET EUEIC k TIOLIB STRKaS a SjEliltJ. r.rDi Toned and Repaired. Mnsiral Inttrae tln "1 per quarter. St-otl (or mljtltoee. Solu'ttlnr your order lir "Ereryiblnc in the M nf leal 1, ne," I am. Your. Reeetlully, " I. J. HEFFLEY, ftl .22-iL Komerwt, IV an a FASHIONABLE CU1TER & TAILOR ! Having had many vean experience in all brancbea of tbe Tailoring ta ioen 1 ruarantee fcatlsfaclloo to all who may eall up on me and favor me with their pat ruoagr. . Yoara, lie.. wn. ai. iiocnsTirri.ER, fSomersla Pa. Bmr WANTED, SALESMEN To rtivi-' f -r the aale of Nursery Stork. I'n ein led ia itiiirs. Noex;'ienoe reqa rel. Sal ary ao.l ex.n-a iail. acre ol Ernltaad t-n iri'Uttl Troea. SbraLa. Ko(. etc Apria w. A T. t WITH, Ctenera. S. Y. THE ADVANTAGES "WOOLF'S iPOPULAE ONE PRICE t fgf ; J,.,;,,, ut one price. I second : He docs not deviate. Third: lie marks all goods in plain figures. Fourth : He marks them at the lowest living profit. Fifth : lie does not misrepresent any goods. Sixth : He refunds money when goods do not prove satislactory. Seventh ; " lie takes no advantage of those who are no judges of goods. Fifjitth : lie carries the largest and finest stock. Xinth : He pays particular attention to the style and fit of garments. Tenth : . lie buys in large quantities direct from the manufacturers. Eleventh : He buys for cash, thus securing the largest discounts and lowest prices. Ttcdfth : He does the largest business is enough to substantiate the above. W00LF The Popular One Price Clothier and Hens1 Furnisher, niAIX STREET, fOIIKSTOWJr, PA. Mart LOOK HERE! Whoa you eosne to J OH SSTO vl H. do not fail to eall at the PEOPLE'S NO. 3 MORRIS ST. TO HAKE YOURP URCKASES ! We keep constantly on hand a full Use of foods uraally fcrpt In a First-class GENERAL STORE!! which we will sell at a TEST WW margin for profits. GIVE US A CALL! ALBERT TRENT, Manager. lanSi-Sa WALTER ANDERSON. ! COH. WOCD ST. AKD HUH ATEHITE. NO. 226 LIBERTY STREET PITTSBUBOH, sabl PA. CIGO a week ba owr ewa town. STORE TTFBPIIArn1 tATT (11? .OUU osmi fraa. Address H. UaU-rrr k Cov Portland, Matae t-O o; ? Vi a 5 V M c vue- 2 3.s'.G0-SS.l LYDIA E. PiNKHAMO .YSSSTASIi: COSIPDUITD.. I. a Positive Cpre r.ratl IVm. ral.ral C l.l aa4 WwImmw HO..I. wwrkMirnMh avlatM. Tt wUl eura anttrrlr worat term of Fin la Coe t'laiata. all ovmrlaa tnMra,lnnajainatlaa aad rkwa tioa, FalUnc and Ptonlaeaaaanta, and th. conarqMBt Spinal Weakana, and Is narUndarly adapted U th. CuKf of Ufa It w:n duawlv. aadieltiiMoiariviithaaterala an ear:y ataaaof devehient. Tba k-MlearytaeaB-evroae bnmnra tliera la chMkcd very apenlUy tf aa. II reawm faintneaa, natuleary. dntrovaall etavuic foraUmalaBU. and relieves wlow of a atoacark it earaa Blnatins, fbadaeaaa, Karveaa rmitrmttoa, Conl DcbUlty, aiee;liiiniai, Depnaaioa and Iaa (tMUoa. That ferltBf of baartn down, eaaebts; naSn.weictt ubaaaka.tealwa)tarwiaaiitreurad lyiuon Hwinaaimniaaad aaderaUrlrncirtaereiartia baraoay wlta the lava tat eovrrn the t mlt trtm. Fortbaeareof Kldary Ooaiiilaiata cf Mjcc m tia batponad U anattrnamd. LTMA r riXKMaW TK:ETABLK fC POt'a'wie prepand at XO and lli tl'mtera inaw, Ijaa.llaaa rrieatk. all bottkf or f. Sit:yBia.l is tb. form of aalla, a In lathe fna .f l"i.n a. ea receipt of srloa, l per box f rr either, tlrr. I :c' ha:i 'naiyaaawara all Irttera i f Inquiry. Send for as.V irt. ail ill aw) as above. Smt-om this fiser. famny ahocld ba witbaot LTTH T- Trm..: 1 li.-tll PHAS. T"ry eore eown;-.t:. I -t anl torpKity cf th-'imr, tseratn'r ! Sold v ail l?ratiia:a. u 1 FOB BALK T a N. BOYD, DRUGGIST. . Somerset. P. $66nl" week In yoar own town. Ii oatflt free. No rifk. Everythlns; new. Caultal not reonlp d. We will fur- voa everrtDIDs;. many are malt ID fortunes. Ladles make as much as men and boys and ciris are making treat pay. Header if you want a bniiness at which you ran make. Teat pay all the time yon work, write lor partic ular! to H, Hallstt, Co- Portland, Maine. Dee.la-Cr. OF MM AT ESTABLISHMENT! in this part of the State, which Auur A. Holiax. J. Scott Wied. HOME & WARD, cocEMoaa to EATON & BROS., XO. 27 FIFTH AVE5UE, PITTSBURGH, PA. SPKIXG, 1882. NEW GOODS F7E2Y SAT SPZCIALTX23 EKbreiderwt, Laces, illlasry, Whin Gee, Maad kcrckiera, Drtti Triaatiagt, Hosiery, GWvwj, Cersett, Mstllt lad leftae L'sdtrwaar, la. aat' aad CWfwi'i CJetJilnc.Faatj Gsedi, Varna, Zewsyfx, lite rlals of All Kindt fcr FARCY WOIK, Goitf MZZ Gi, tX tl rcta raTBoxaua M WfaTraiT ouorrss TOtDltS BTMAILATTIXDED TO WITH CAMS ASS) DISTATCB, CHARLES HOFFMAN, IIERCIIAnT TAILOR, LATET STTLES Cl IZHU KZ1 tsrSATiSFACTIM GUAftAMTEEDa SOMERSET, J? A- oomerlet SOMERSET, MY OWN. Brown heads and gold around nty knee Dispute in eager play, V Street, cliildiisb toScm in my ear Are eounding all the day; Yet, sometimes, in a sudden hash, I seem to hear a tone Such a my little boys' kad been , ' If I had kept toy own. And when, oft times, thev come to me, As evening hoars grow long. And beg me winningly to give A story or a song, I see a pair of star-bright eyes Among the others shine The eyes of him who ne'er has heard Story or song of mine. At night I go my rounds, and pause Each white-draped cot beside, And note how flushed is this one's cheek, How that one's curls lies wide; And to a corner tenantless My swift thoughts fly apace That would have been, if he had lived, , My other darling's place. The years go fast; my children soon Within the world of men Will find their work and renture forth, Xot to return apiin; But there is one who cannot go I shall not be alone. The little boy who never lived Will always be my own. TBE JEWESS OF ROCDXIA. We were passing through Poland in preat haste. Pressing business urged us on ; but then, that almostj flat country, marsuy ana unneaimy, which stretches out between Minsk and tne Gulf of Bothnia, offers none of those attractions which induce the traveler to pause. The villages and towns succeeded each other along the interminable road, very much alike and differing only in the quality of houses and huta, in the number or importance of the churches. As the view afforded nothing of the picturesque, the sight of the post stations alone gave us pleasure. But when one is in ahurryathou sand disagreeable accidents are quite sure to entangle themselves to gether. Of course, such accidents always happen, even when one has plenty of leisure, but then they es cape attention. This time, however, a sort of fatal ity Beemed to pursue us, for at every relay or two no horses were to be had and we were forced to wait, sometimes an hour, some times half a day, which may be ex plained by the small importance of the road we had taten. At last, by a happy stroke of luck we got over a pretty long stretch of country without hindrance. "Some dre-.idful catastrophe Inust certainly overtake us," said I, with aJuigh to my traveling companion, "or fortune will not be satisfied with her day's work." I had scarcely finished speaking when the postilion, half turning round upon bis 6eat, pointed with the tip of his whip towards the town we were anproaching It is on fire," said he, phlegmatic ally. A pink flush wag visible, near at hand, beneath tbe sky, the light blue of which that periwinkle blue peculiar to tbe countries of the North was darkened by the ap proaching night. The slightly jag ged silhouette of the town was pic tured in the focus, from whence es caped great whirlwinds of smoke, and the tined dome of the Russian church reflected the flames like an imperfectly silvered mirror. "What do you call that place?" asked I, of the postilion, as he whip ped up his horses. "Roudnia," said he ; "it is the town of Roudnia." In the eyes of every Russian or Polish peasant three houses form a town, provided they are grouped around a church, and Roudnia pos sessed two churches, one of them Catholic. Tbe rapidly moving horses reach ed the great beam, variegated with white, red and black, which was the then the customary gate of ev ery town. An official in a greasy uniform came to receive the stipula ted toll. He cried out something unintelligible, and the beam placed across the road rose obliquely to wards the 6k y. This species of gate, altogether primitive, yet exists upon many of the government highways, though Russia has done away with the tolls on the great roads. Our postilion urged on his animals, and we went through two or three very dirty and abominably paved streets at a gallop. A noisy crowd rushed in the same direction, toward the scene of the conflagration, and we nearly crush ed half a dozen'Jews who where run ning along, lifting their lengthy robes and uttering cries of distress. "It is a Jew's house that is on fire," said the postilion, without ceasing to urge on bis horses. "How dovou know that?" asked my companion. smell the stench P answered the wag, laughing heartily. ' Thecaleche suddenly turned a corner at a great risk of being upset, and Etopped in front of the post sta tion. It was, in truth, the wooden house of a Jewish butcher that was burn ing before as on the square. The co-religionists of the poor people were throwing his furniture out of the front windows, the fire having engulfed the rear of the dwelling. The front was yet entirely dark, but of that deep obscurity which pro ceeds combustion-. A few plumes of smoke, bluish in . color, streamed here and there through tbe roof, presaging tbe general conflagration that was not far distant While my companion was seeing about obtaining fresh horses and having our passport ised, I stood upon the porch of thestation, which raised a few feet above the level of the square, afforded a view of the entire scene. -t A conflagration is now a rare thing in Poland, but when a Jew's bouse is on fire only tbe Jews run forth and endeavor to extinguish it, while the others stand motionless, looking on not, perhaps without a secret satisfaction, for perish the in iqmtously acquired property of the sons ef 'Abraham seems, at such I tames, to be their motto, This inhumanity is explained, if' EST ABLISTTR 1"), 1827. PA.. WEDNESDAY. MAY 3. 1882. not excused, by the rapacity of the Israelites, who, by reason of their commercial a'uhty, keep in their hands the greater part of the reve nue of the unfortunate people, who are generally very poor, and are still further impoverished by the system of usury largely in vogue in Poland. The wife and children oLthe butcher, seated in the Hntre of the square, filled the air" with bitter lamr cntation. Dogs were Marking, an d our hitched "horses were shaking their collara, covered wjth tiny bells, while other bells were feeing fasten ed to the harness of thi fresh ani mals the whole forvriig an inex pressible confusion of sbunds, made up chiefly of sharp notM. I stopped my ears. v Suddenly I saw Use Jews who were removing the fiirnitnre rush precipitately from therWindows and the door. A flood of white smoke filled the house as thtr quited it, and a red light appearstt in the back ground. The "interior, partition had just caught fire. 'A: compara tive hush at once prevailed. Such a moment has always some thing solemn about it - "It burns beautifully!" calmly ! said a tall Cossack soldier, who was standing beside me clad in his gray i overcoat ' ff I stared at him: he was quietly smoking a short cherry-pipe. With hanging arms he contemplated the conflagration with undisguised sat isfaction, but the snapping of his eyes showed that he had taken too many glasses of brandy, "Woe! woe!" cried ibe voice of the butcher. He was in the middle of the square, and was gazing at his , groaning family with slook of con-! sternation. He tore bis hair, and his little crisp curls frisked about in the wind from the inlpetuositv of his movements. "Woe!" repeated all the Jews in chorus. ' I have forgotten my aged moth er !" eried the unfortunate man. A burst of - laughter; from the Poles answered him. "I thought her with yon," said he to his wife, who was standing aghast, with her youngest child in her arm. "Where is she?" cried some one. With a hopeless look he pointed to the house, and covered his head with a portion of his robf. The laughter stopped. Though a Jewess, she was still a wman. "She is in the chambefYb the left," said he. ' It is not . yet on fire. Save her, my friends. added he, in a voice full of anguish. : The friends who had aided him up to that moment ghtneed at the flames, then looked interrogatively at each other," and remained "silent '"Go for her yourself !" cried a boy in the crowd. "I will give half of what I'm worth to whoever shall save her," cried the butcher, wringing his hands. "Half, yes half," repeated he, excitedly. "Save the poor old woman, my friends, my good gentle men." He spoke now to the Poles. No one moved. The tall Cossack gave a start, hesitated, and finally went and planted himself before the butch er, staggering a trifle as be did so. "No tricks!" said he hia pipe still in his mouth. "What willyou give me to go in there?" He pointed to the house, now al most entirely wrapped in flames. "Four silver roubles, my friend, five roubles. By the God of Abra ham, five roubles ! "That's nothing," said the Cossack. "But there is no time to bargain. You hear, you people," cried he in a loud voice ; "he says five roubles !" A murmur of assent ran through the crowd. "But you must bring her back with you !" cried the Jew, clinging to the soldier's sh'eve ; "ifyou don't you get nothing!" "Imbecile 1" growled the Cossack, "I am not going in there for pleas ure ! Where is your old she goat of a mother?" "Upon the bed in the corner of the chamber to the left" "Good !" said the Cossack. "With God's help !" cried he, in a ringing tone. And at a bound be leaped upon the Pteps. . The whole population of Roudnia held their breath. The soldier made the sign of the cross and van ished in the smoke. "Your horses are ready," said the postilion to me, as he clambered in to his seat. "Wait!" said I, in alow voice. My friend bad rejoined me and was watching, like all the rest, for the denouncement of this drama. The Cossack reappeared, sur roui.ded bv flames. He bore the old Jewess in his arms in a half fainting condition, and yet his pipe in his teeth. A triumphant shout greted his re turn. "Here is your old woman," said he. to the Jew. At that moment the whole house burst into flame with a species of explosion, but the conflagration no longer interested anybody, ah eyes were fixed on the Cossack. 'Come," said he, "pay me." "What!" stammered the Jew, now ? Wait until I have found a place of safety for my family." "No tricks r roared the Cossack, threateningly. "Pay me on the spot, or " From a habit of fear the butcher threw his bands before bis face but the Cossack bad no thought of striking him : he simply fixed up on him eyes full of growing anger. Blii ded by bis avarice, the Jew took no heed of this, bnt slowly drew from his bosom a wallet opened it with a whine, took from it a ragged bill and presented it to the Cossack, The roof fell in with a loud crash, showering sparks all around us. The square was as bright as day. "A rouble!" cried the Cossack, burling away bis pipe: "a rouble for having risked my life ! a rou ble ! Ab, accursed dog ! I prefer to return for nothing." He caught the wretched old wom an in his arms, and, before anyone could guess his purpose, be leaped towards tbe bouf e. Tbe steps were not yet on fire. He bounded upon them with his burden and cast it in to the flames. Then, returning to the crowd, he shouted : "A rouble! robber! beast! now go and get your mother for nothing! The horrified crowd stood as if stricken dumb. I sprang into the caleche, and my friend followed. "Away, as fast as possible !" said I, to the postilion. I felt that I could endure nA more. The moment the caleche started a portion of the front part of the house tell forward, separating the soldier from the square. His tall figure was pictured in black upon the in candescent background. He strove to leap through the flames, but, as he gathered himself to jump, a beam struck him on the head and he fell. "Quick ! quick !" cried I to the postilion, prodding him in the back to urge him on. He whipped his horses into a ual- lop, the crowd scattering mechanic ally, and we were soon in the open country. . for several nights after we could not sleep. Dlffereut Mullen of Taking an Oath. followers of certain creeds obiecti ironi conscientious scruples to the usual verbal oath, holdins that it is n ... . . impious to take words of such awful sanctity uj.on the l:e in connection with secular matters. These nota bly the Quakers made a simple affirmation, none the less binding in taw, though it is said (and one can well believe) that no conviction of Cerjury upon an afiirmatiot has yet een known. Jews are sworn upon the Old Testament. Mahometans upon the Koran, and we occasionally witness a curious scene in the law courts when some special and ex ceptional form of oath is rendered riecessary by the nationality of the witness as, for example, when a Chinaman breaks a saucer, or a dis ciple of Zoroaster gives his replies with hand uplifted over a torch. It may he noted, however, that in China there are several forms of at testation in vogue, according to the ranK or numerical uignitv of him who swear ; while in Japan, oaths are taken vicariously by the bonzes or priests, who are paid for doing so according to a fixed tarifl'. which is regulated correspondingly to ' the vehemence or importance tt the vow. Mahbmeduns, 'too, swear by' other things'' than the Koran." all more or less holv in their faith by the Prophet and bis beard, by the beards of their fathers and their grandfathers, and by their own, and oy the horses descended from the Prophet 8 favorite steeds. The Ko ran itself abounds with cautions against false or trivial swearing, and inculcates srrOttfchrtht! BUcredness of an oath. In French courts of jus tice the witness raises his hand to heaven while making his avowal. This seems to be one of the earliest, it not the original ceremony ; there is something natural and intuitive about the action, for we practice it almost unconsciously while making a solemn assertion under the influ ence of strong emotion. Its signifi cance is easily recognized. The Ap awahai and other Indians on the Isthmus of Panama bow their heads to the earth in swearing; Kaffirs are said, by early African travelers, to swear by two pealed sticks placed cross-wise from which it is even inierred that they might have some ancient tradition of the Catholic re ligion ; and the remnant of Obeah or fetich-worshippers which still lingers in some parts of Jamaica and a few other est India Islands, trace circles on the ground with the fingers smeared in their own blood, in token ot the ghastly obligations imposed upon them. There can be no doubt that the oaths cf many secret societies at the present day must be so constituted that the per jurer would wreak his own destruc tion, since they are so laithiully ob served. The Ancient World. In a recent lecture of the world at the time of man's appearance, Body Dawkins, the Lnghsh geologist gave a brief sketch of some of the changes which have preceded the present condition of the earth's surface. In the eocene and niiocene periods, he said, Europe was united with Ireland and Greenland, and also with the United States of America by a bar rier of land, extending past the Fa roe Isles, which was covered by dense forest, composed to a large ex tent of the same trees, in Europe and America, and which allowed of com paratively free migration of animals to and fro between England and the United States. In the rivers of Eu rope were alligators and fish not to be distinguished from those of Amer ica. In the pliocene age the barrier of land became depressed, and for the first time in the history of the world what is now the Atlantic became connected with tbe Arctic Sea. During all the changes the British Isles formed part of the Con tinent, and the Atlantic seaboard was marked by the 500-fathom line. As regard the change in climate in Europe in the three periods the cli mate was tropical in Britain, palms and bread fruits and other southern trees living in the south-east of Eng land. In the second period the cli mate was cooled and palms were scarce, but magnolias and tulip trees and sepuois abouded. In the third period the climate becametemperate. These surroundings of man were grad ually shaped in the three earlier stages of the tertiary period until they arrived very early at that equili brium which is found To-day. Tribune. Mr. George Knoehr after having tried all remedies recommended to him for Rheumatism, received no relief until he tried the St Jacobs Oil, the first application of which gave him relief, and is giving gener al satisfaction. Terrt Uavte Satur day Evening Mail. Our chief want in life is somebody who shall make us do what we can. This is the service of a friend. What we charitably forgive will be recompensed, as well as what we charitably give. eralo METHODS OF INSTKl'CTION. HY A. f. Httt.RF.UT. CHAPTER III. When an ancient kitig sent to a celebrated philosopher, inquiring, "Is there not an easier way of ac quiring a knowledge of geometry than that laid down by Euclid," the prompt answer was, "There is no royal road to geometry." This sen tence has come ringing down the ages, and in our time and language we have the expression familiar to everyone, "There is no royal road to learning." I should not consider my duty done toward my pupils did I notendeavor to impress upon them the certainty that in every educa tional process there is a certain amount of work which must be done, and done by every person for him self. A considerate and judicious teacher can make some of the rough places a trifle more smooth, can pluck out of the pathway a few of the briers, but he can do no more. The bulk of the work remains, and it must be done by the pupil. One person cannot perform the "mental drudgery" of another. To-day there seems to be a dispo sition on the part of educators to ig nore these facts. There seems to be a desire to ignore the truism, "There is no royal road to learning," and to find or to make such a road; text books are written, published, and adopted, seemingly with some such desire animating all connected with them. I might have headed this article orthography, but I prefer the good old tune, "spelling." I verily be lieve that if anv one is to become a thoroughly good speller he must be come so before he attains the age of fourteen years. The mental drudg ery must have been performed, and something more than the foundation must have been laid. The extent of a man's "vocabulary" will depend much on the extent of his reading; by his vocabulary I mean the words which he can use; he may be able to spell all the words he can use, or he may not, but to be a good speller he must be able to spell all the words in common use. I am satisfied that much of the bad spelling seen in manuscripts originates in not being accustomed to writing. I have, I presume, examined thousands of manuscripts from teachers and pu pils; I have read the manuscript sheets of hundreds of articles that were intended for publication, and an the great majority I have found errors, sometimes errors which sur prised me. I have written too many articles l.ot fully to appreciate the effect of a slip of the pen, the plac ing' of a"rrot or a cross where none should be, or vice versa. I fully comprehend how thehand runs over the paper in the vain attempt to keep pace with the mind. I know that the spelling of an author is an au tomatic process. 31y mind, while 1 write this line, is putting into shape the lines which follow two or three ahead. I am not conscious of the dotting of the i's or crossing the t's. I pay no attention to the spelling, and yet I presume there is not a word on the page misspelled in the manuscript; there may be. Now whence do I derive my certainty of my correctness? I answer, it is habit the habit acquired by years of practice. Every man who has writ ten much will comprehend my mean ing. Why do we find manuscripts writ ten by men, who make some claims to literary ability, containing such egregious Plunders as on. Din, evry, gon, lor "ol, been, "every," "gone?" I have a letter from a literary friend, a man of rare ability, of good education, a prac ticed writer. I find the word "there" occurring three times in it; he has spelled it every time "their." How do I account for this when I know that he can spell the word if asked to do so? I answer, he did not ac quire the habit of writing the word correctly before he was fourteen, and whenever he uses it he writes as I have quoted. I used the word prac tice a line or two above. I went to the dictionary for it I will confer with Webster when I want to use it again. It is one of the words I am never sure of for five minutes after I close my unabridged. I was taught to make a distinction between the noun and the verb, to spell them differently. That word and a few others will haunt me during life. What we learn in boyhood sticks. Remember this. I have given nothing as yet in re gard to the method of teaching epell ing. but, as the boy said, "I have hinted it at you." 1 do think that the spelling book cannot be banish ed from our schools. I am well aware that the proof-readers are our best spellers, but were they not rea sonably good spellers before they be came proof-readers? The spelling book should contain the words in common use, and a collection of those in occasional re quisition. Study must familiarize the pupil with them, oral drill must give him facility in spelling them orally, from pronunciation, and writ ten drill must give him ability to use them in composition. These are the central ideas in my mode of teaching spelling. Plenty of studv, because mental drudgery cannot be avoided, and plenty of drill, both oral and written. If there be one idea which I would impress on the mind of the young teacher it is drill, drill, drill, first, last, all the time and everywhere. Commence the first day in the morning, and I only cease the last day of the term when you have reached your borne. Tbe soldier never tires of going through the manual ef arms. Tbe teacher and pupil should never tire of this perpetual drill. In spelling especially it is drill, and drill only, that can enable thehand to move like part of an automaton across the paper, dotting an i here, crossing a t there, and the mind all the while unconscious of the movement How shall tbe pupil be taught to use the words which he finds in bis spelling book? Do not expect him to use them all; many of them be will never use: many more he will use constantly. You must not ex- pect to do tbe work of months and years in one day, or in one session, WHOLE NO. 160S. You will find that one boy or girl ; will use a certain word or words i much oftener than others. Bv and by you will find, after months of constant drill, that bis list of words is becoming longer. He uses words now that he did not use before, and words once used are discarded. I believe in writing words from pro nunciation. In other words, I be lieve in selecting a list of words and pronouncing them aloud to your class, but I do not have the faith in this plan that some teachers aad a good many authors seem to have. A. pupil may write every word as enunciated by me: be may fail on fifty per cent of ihe same words from your enunciation. I deem that there should be no special direction of tiie mind to any particular word,' much less do I think that the attention should be called to eyery word by the mere act of pronouncing it to your class. I prefer this plan, but bear in mind I use the above also. I discover for instance that some pupil "knows the Psalm of Life by heart" I say to him, "Will you go to the board and write one, two, or mere stanzas of it on the board, carefully and neitly." Some other pupil knows all or part of some other piece. I send him to the board also. Their minds are di rected to no particular word; they write from memory; if they mis spell at all they will do so now. Be sides, I think it a very good plan to have pupils commit striking thoughts, passages from the poets, etc., etc.', and after a reasonable time has elapsed to place them on the board in view of the class. The written drill in other studies also affords many a good drill in spell ing. Always look on your pupils' work and see that all rnL" celling is corrected then and there. Drill, drill, drill. "Constant dropping of water will wear away a rock," and constant drill in good habits will wear away bad ones. Your work may seem to you to be accomplish ed slowly, but it is accomplished. Tbe progress of the hour hand around the dial plate cannot be de tected, but it not the less certainly moves. You are now sowing the seed which shall grow, blossom, and bear fruit in the far distant future mayhap when your hands are fold ed in that last long sleep from which none shall ever more awake but not the less certainly will the fruit be borne. Words are pictures. The proof reader perhaps recognizes thi fact! more clearly than other men. v hen the proof-reader sees a missioned word it strikes him in much the same manner that a distorted pic ture strikes you or me, but he has the ability to correct the distortion of the word-picture," while I at least cannot correct the misplaced work of the artist's pencil. Our object is to train the child, theboy,theyout!i, to recognize the picture-words. As I have already said, the hand of a ready writer glides over the paper, tracing word alter word and sentence after sentence, but bis mind is on other things. He is not thinking of his spelling, and yet he must spell every word he writes, and he will spell it just as he has learned it You do not see thehand hesitate for at instant; the pen may be weary, but it glides on, scratch, scratch, un til the work is finished, or until a word occurs of which" there i3 doubt or ignorance; then there is a jar; the hand stops in its course, the mind comes back from several lines ahead. The hesitation may be but tempory'. and if so the pen scratches the paper all the faster, to make up for lost time, or perhaps the mind cannot settle on what is right; the pen goes over the ear, the dictionary comes into requisition; a mental note is made of the word and for gotten perhaps before the page is finished. Childhood is gone, and, as Solomon, or some other wise man, says, "It is hard to learn an old dog new tricks.' But here is the point in all this there is a conception of the proper form in the mind before the word is written. Let a proof reader get hold of a new word, and he is as much puzzled as you or I would be. Let me illustrate this point I called one day at tbe office of a newspaper published by a friend of mine in a distant part of this State. I had sent him numerous ar ticles on a variety of subiects. and some mistakes had been made in the printing. My writing is not so bad a3 Horace Greeley's, and it is not copperplate by anv means. The conversation turned upon penman ship, and he remarked: "I must show you the cleanest copy and the best written, so far as Eenmanship is concerned, that I ave ever received in my editorial experience; you know the man that wrote it, too." He drew from a drawer a letter written on the very thinest of thin "onion skin" paper, with a jet bbtck ink and a finely pointed pen. I must confess that it was a marvel of penmanship. I started to read the dozen or so pages over silently, when my friend stopped me by saying: "Hold! I want you to read that aloud. There is a word that occurs twice in that letter that has puzzled tie whole office and every man in town to whom I have shown the let ter." Tbe letter was dated Madrid, and gave an account of a bull fight. The word referred to was "toro." The question was, was it "toro" or "tovo?" No one knew, and they had set it up both ways, trusting if anyone knew which was right that the wrong would be attributed to t..e devil I mean the printers deviL I told him there was no doubt about the word; it was Spanish. Spanish is an offshoot of the Latin, and the word was evidently a deriv ative of "taurus," a bulL " I added that the word evidently meant a bull pen, from the context Tbe word went out to the world on my say-so "toro," and it is right My conjec ture was correct, and I have since seen the word in another author, though I cannot now recall when or by whom. Now, there is not a proof-reader on earth who would have seen any thing wrong in that word set up in either form if be knew nothing of the word. I have bad cor soul stir- 1 red to its lowest depths on more than one occasion bj having a carefully quoted Latin sentence set np in such a manner that no mortal man could make any sense out of it Now, the more words one has stoied up in hia memory, so that the hand can write them readily, and without conscious thought iu regard to them, the great er command of Linuae will he haVfe, Mid alov) ootft readings itb which those uubiddec sod unheed ed word-picture prent themselves accurately on pap'r will, in gret measure, depend the labor of bis writing tbe amount of manuscript he can turn out in any given time. The only way by which readiness in this subject may be attained, is by unremitting drill. I repeat, drill orally; give written drill; drill all the time. What is the ability to spell a wcrd orally worth, if you canaot write it? If it do not come in proper form to the point of your pen whenever you have occasion to use it? The man who writes "off" for "of" has not been trained: neither has the man who writes "their" for "there." In spelling there must be no un certainty. Tho business man who hesitates is lost, and thinking will seldom bring the image we want to the mind. A good thing of the past is the "spelling-match." I am not special ly favorable to the evening spelling match. I regard it, in fact, as of rather doubtful utility, but the after noon spelling-match, under the eye and direction of the teacher, i an other affair. Pupils become famil iarized with words. Emulation adds it) influence, and when conducted in such a manner that all are kept at work, I regard the spelling-match as one of the very best means of se curing good spelling. My mode of conducting a spelling-match is as follows: Every pupil is chosen on one side or the other. I permit no one to refuse to spell The first choice may be determiaed in any convenient manner. A favorite meth od is to let the "captains" guess at the pages of a book, which I have opened, and hold so that they can not see the page. The one nearest has first choice. In case of a tie, guess again. As the pupils are chos en they take seats in two classes, each captain at the head of his own class, fhe next thing is for each captain to send one. generally the one whom he deems his best speller, to the fout of his opponent's class. This person is called a "runner." The runner who first reaches the head of the class, by trapping, of course wins the match fcr his cap tain, in this mode trapping is car ried on just as in the old style of spelling classes. If a runner misses a word, he may be trapped by one be low him. The spelling begins at the head of one class and passes down to its foot; then begins at the head of the other class, and so on. All the pupils are engaged; there is no idleness. This is the chief rea son of my preference for this mode of conducting a spelling-match. How often should we permit a spelling-match? Some teachers think every Friday afternoon. I regard the time spent in a spelling-match as time devoted to the cultivation of one branch to the exclusion of others. Hence I am not favorable to the too frequent match: Twice a month is sufficient I think. When held every rnday the charm of nov elty is, to a degree, lost But when ever you find the attention of the pupils wandering, then stop the work at once. If you have not close attention you are not accomplishing your wok. Here I close the present chapter. My next will be on reading. Had No BnsineM There. The Memnhifl Armani. rlafa fhs following humorous incident of th recent high water A certain boat coming up the Mississippi the other day, lost her way, and bumped up against a frame house. She hadn't more than touched it, before an old darkey rammed his head nn thmTitrri a hole in the roof where the rhim- ney once came out and yelled at the captain: Whar de debil is ver mrine wil dat boat? Can't von . nnffin? Fust thine Ver know Vpr main in turn dis house ober, spill de old wo man an oe cnn en out in de flood and drown 'em. What vr i'n out here in de country wid yer curs ed noai, any now? Uo back yander froo do c'on fields an' pft bnrlt infn de ribber whar yer blongs. An't got no Dusmess sev'n miles out in de country foolin' roun people's houses, nohow." . And she backed out A primary teacher is describing a banana, and the children are to name it Finally she Bteps to the board and draws an outline of the fruit Up comes Johnnie's hand. "Well, Johnnie, what have I de scribed?" "Cucumber!" "Oh, no; the cucumber grows here, and I told you that this fruit grows in the south ; besides, in not the cucumber a vegetable?" Johnnie yields the point and re lapses into a brown study. Soon an idea strikes him and up comes the hand again. "Are you sure you are right this time, Johnnie?" "Yes'm" with self assurance. "Well, what is it?" "Sausage!" was the triumphant rejoinder. Stable Xanare. The quality of stable manure de pends upon the quantity and quality of feeding stuffs usl, and on the amount of milk or other products obtained from tbe animals. As a rule, but a small proportion of the manurial elements of the food are permanently retained in the body or extracted as milk, etc., while the re mainder passes into the manure. Asa consequence, the richer the ff ed the richer the manure. Good feed ing pavs not only through increased production by the animal?, but through the inproml qualitv t.f the manure as well. "Will Help the Good Casutr. A singular digreement has aris en between Ct pastor of a Baptist church in Rockford, III, and a young lady member of his congre gation. The kdy instituted a se ries of prayer meetings in the church on Sunday afternoon, which she led herself, and in a short time they be came so popular that more people were drawn to them than to the reg ular morning eervices. The preach er then announced that no meetings should be held in the church except those which be should personally authorize, and the zealous lady hir ed tbe town ball, with tbe sanction of two of the deacons, and continues to hold ber meetings, regardless of the opposition. Call no society good until you have sounded it3 morals as well as its man- nsrs. ir
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers