of Publication Term8 fts Ssaerset Herald ItHN . -hsi-aV L,pUo vlU t discontinued anUl all M . . PduitM nearlectlna- ut J e- is wfc subscriber o not tako eat fjMlltU aMefuTUieita-lpUoo. ''rsewvmafroai " oitomoeUB, J'1 .v. ..ma of th former a r toOc. Address n at nr- rt, Somerset llcmU j I -.mir n SCULL, li aTTuKNLY ATLAW, Somerset, l'a. S ENVy.NEY ATLAW. If A" bumerset,! j.ktK- KStY T LAV, I- Suttjersot, Pa. I''iVioKSMAT LAW, Al'1-" Somerset, Penna. 1 ; i 1'eusioa Agent, Somerset, .-ul ATTORN Y ATLAW, SOM H' B-1 ,!S promptly attend U all twines ,t lU 1 . JT ..n aollealioB J . . H UoBroth bas law lo Somerset Dd . . .rriiuxCTiTLAW lu'uw, Somerset, f will i , .11 tlllMO'-!" I""" . . , pW"1 . l !'nut' will practice In Sum. ouuuurs. All liumuwi u r 04 wlii iFrinpUy attended tu. " . ciYMtU ATTtENEY ATLAW, i U ,j aUeiM w all tamne en- llflee in Maiu- ICD. ID ;o IT Kii- .LiiM B. KOOSTZ, A nX'KNEY AT l u fiE!n"-u !'-, wiU Rtv, iruuiit atten ,'itii eDiruftetl tu n cure In bumerael ,iiuwi cuuuUea. OIBoa lo FrlotlnK T J- . joiix jfacoTT, J ATTOKN'EY AT LAW. j . timoe la .Mannuuth Bl F. All ?aaWtUtJ. .XHkKi rPEl ATTORNEYS AT I Lm AH Iiiwbh euirutl t tbelr care will MiJi "l i'un-iuii aticnuou u. lluioi Bluet the J. ATT1.RXEY AT LAW. ( ,,..n i, i.mmuiuewaaalidelllT. ttHUuiici r , -wiKVk t'OLBOKX, ATTORNEYS AT I Li All tiusmew uirunu:l to tlit ir care clily "d ran""1'' llnd' atu-lideU tu. JiMES L. PUGII, ' ATTORNEY AT LAW, ysml ft. VSm. Mammoth Illock.aii Flairs, kuw )uio Crtf St. Cullertions made, et aiftwiiK!. uik? examined, aod all leiml busi iw;:w11 tuwiih iMuijtnecs and tluellty. x?ll URVEVING, Writing Deeds, ic, auQiiior. D'Hi'e. aj-L&lulrt at Ca'ler k Co.'i Store. C. F. WALKER. AatK- HYSICIAXS. E. M KIM M ELL & SON Jjntt i tlielr (inifewlonal wrvlce to tlie cltl- mh tirriM uJ vlnuii.T. One of tlie anetr ir ut ii orn eB at all time., unlePF pnilepFion uinl, lie h-ubd at Itieir otlire, on .Main SL ai:u.c 'iamoui. f.S J S. MILLEk hai pencaneaUy loeated lruaVrUolfiribe praniee ol his prwieakfn. iKvite Chart. krijtrj)rer Ftore. lit &. 71' U. it I. RKTBAKEK tenden hlF profenlniial I'lrTHwuitheetlliena of KuBierwt and rtrtn l 4 lo mldeiKe, one door wen of the Bar a bout. f,t "?C. COLLINS. PENTIST, ftomerwt, rra (Am la t;Feheer'i Hk-. ap alalra, !nMuatautlmebe found prepared to do iCMirt.cirk, rarhai tiling, reiralatinc ez yj ac. Artificial teeth of all ainda, and ol tar.nitanal.lbMrted. Operatluna warranted. D v. i n vit i rn MTSICIAXlr SURGEOX. 5i Tin0 to Sj!h Bend. Indiana, where be v. k wDulteJ by letter or otherwise. 5 G. B MASTERS cf iitxIlnSimerFet for the praline of Ml ru mi teo 'er hi? pr-iteaflcnal aerrlF to in! t.n and rarrountlira ciontrr : orhoe in !iTmtit scrupled t'j l)r. Miller; residence rn-ftlrure. Ajtia BrW.F.FUXDENBEKG, UleRe dent hnrgeoii, bWIje anl Ear Isfinnary, pcraazcrtly is the iIi:Lrsr7E treatseat cf all -r-s f e Zye and Ear, isclui--:isitle2TK8 asi Threat. . e M ptoalli wr Hrwl. DENTISTS. JiES BILLS, ,lt-firoU k NeB's new talldlns:. Main Cross Street. Somerset. Pa. VU. COLLINS, 1 EXT 1ST, 'A'iiT'Cu'hCT A Frease't suire, Somerset, u..t Un ntteen Tears I hae irreatly re Oj ot artificial teeth In this place. .""'. K-r'liir demand fiirteetta bas In aa " eolara, but lacllities that can it, mII" " 1tn '"wer prices than yo " r any other place In this eoemtry. ( He any person anions; my i htm Hands iaTf to u,u t lh adiotnliur eimnlles that "leeUilur that is Dot KiTn nwd aat i . i!i mlluo at any time and get "wolahaiTfa. HOTELS. )UM0ND UOTEL. "rOYSTOWX PA. J1""") well known bouse has lately rTf dwlT reB'.ted, with all new r l. -mi umi y.hiiim i.bii art aonM t Al lam and roomy stahlins;. V"1'1 can he had at the lowest poe- Wt;ClKTKn.I'rop. jCt b 8. E. Cur. DbMDuod, jtc" stown. Pa JUS LIVES FILLS ."' recr f, the rare of 7" aa t. L mmt a ever rjr.'T Miayra, and aJ( rte- a u'-' end lirer lor ow Ji ft. J! i , 's'""-' Ier P"t ra "-'roomiaint ot elht ytaT PHU- J arasricisu. AVIS BRQST It Sign anil frW AlKTEHS, i -r u iim. maul n a tttt j tiM,r'1",,10' the trarellnsr pat.llc ws-.'"n'n aot be anaiiwl. aU be- The VOL. XXVIII. NO. 27. BANKS, ETC. :o:- Somerset County Bank CfS , HARRISON, ' Cashier end XfttUQtr. Collections made in all pans of tbeCatteu State. Chanre moderate. Butter and other checks col lected and cashed. Eastern and Woeiernexcbanire always on band. Remittances made with prompt nesa. Aceoonu solicited. Parties desirtaa; to purchase t S. t PER CENT. FUNDED LOAN, cao ! acoommo dated at this Bank. The capons are prepaid In denominations of 60. ltjO, (00 and 1 001. S. T. LITTLE & SOXS, ios HALriMorire stiikkt, CrMIiEUl.AM, Md. WATCHES. CHAIXS. SOLID SILVERWARE, D1AM0MDS, A MERICAS CLOCKS. FMESCII CLOCKS, SlLtEK PLATED WARE, JEWELRY, 4c HOLIDAY PRESENTS! Watches and Jewelry Repaired ly Skilled Workmen and return ol .j Express Free of Charge. No extra charge for Engraving. Uoods war ranted a reprcsrntcil octli New and Elegant CAEPETS! All trades. Low Prices. URUGGET SQUARES. Lignums and Linoleum. B0YARD,R0SE &C0 39 Fifth Avenue, riTTsi:riio pa. Sept 24 A MONTH cnaranteed. I2 a day tt noine inane iy uie iudu'tnus. i aplial not reouired : we will start you. Men wnmon, boys and itlrlf uiuke uioner lniter at work for us than at tnvttnnu else. The work in linht and pleasaut. and rueL as anyone can pro rltrht at. Thofe wtio are wise who see this notice will s"nd us tiere addresses at once and see for themselves. (Nistly Outtit and terms free. Now is the time. Thoee alrea!y atwork are iayinx up large sums ot nviciey. AOiinM uttt tu, AQKirtt, iUaine. June IL TO koOOO A YEAK.orSitn t o a lay in youri'Wn Un allty. Ji0 risk. Wi'omea do as well as men. Many make more thantheaniount stated atiove. No one can I ml to make money fast. Any one can do tbe work. You can make from 5 CIS to if.' an henr lT derotlnir Tuor eveninasand spare time to the tuMness. It costs Botiiinar to try trie imniness. nothing like It tor money making cser offered lielore. Bastness pleasant and strictly honorable, header. If sou want to know all ahout tbe beat paying: business before the public, nd us your name and we will semlyou lull particulars and prirate terms free; ample worth A alw Iree ; you eaa then make up up your mind kjt Tourelf. Address (t EKt E STIN RON AX., June 11 Portland. Maine. Ayer's Sarsaparilla For Scrofaia. and all scroiuious disfases, Erysi r'los. Hose, or St. Antho- ?2 Eruptive tiiseasij of the skin. UlciTations cf tlie Liver. Stomach. Kidneys. I-urics. rinii'l'-s. Pustules. "fWlltiii". lJloU-h'. Tumora. T. ...- ;..), Tt 1 I Ileail. liinjwf.nn, L leers. Sore, niieumatism. Neuralgia, I'ain in tii Ilotivs, Sil? and ll'-ad. Female WeakneK, Sti-i ility, Leucori'iirca. arisins; from internal ulceration, and Uterine disease. Syphilitic s'id Mercurial dis eases, Dropsy. Dyspepsia, Emaciation, f Jeneral Debility, and for Purifying the Blood. This Sarsaparilla is a combination of vecettlile alteratives JStillint'ia. Man drake. Yellow Dock tvith tlie Iodides of Potassium and Iron, and is the most efficacious medicine yet known for tlie diseases it is intended to rure. Its ingredients are so skilfully com bined, that the full alterative effect of eacli is assured, and while it is so mild as to le harmless even to children, it is still so effectual as to purpe out from the system those impurities and corruptions uhiih develop into loathsome disease. The reputation it enjoys is derived from its cures, and tlie confidence tiiich proniitifnt physicians ail over the coun try repose in it, prove tiieirexpeneuc.' of is usefulness. (.erliticat' s nltz-stin? itsvirtnes have accumulated, and aiu constantly hi in.' r"reived. ai d as lnanv cf these e-s ar puoliciv kiidw n. they i'un:in cohmih ihj evi.ii nee tiie fupenority d tliis ."-ai-s.iparil.a over every otiier alterative meiiicine. S"o S't-uerally is its supt-ri-ority to any oih'T medieinc khov.n. thai e need do no moru than to assure th public tiiat Uic best qualities it has ever assessed a:e f irictly maintained. Dr. J. C. AYER'Tco!.' ioweii. Ma::.. frurtirni find .4 unitfti- ti i. SOI.L l;T All- in' : ! mmh'. THE ONLY MEDICINE That Aft at the Same Tic:e o THE LIVER, THE BOWELS, and the KIDNEYS. These rreat orrans are the natural clear era of Uie svrtoaa. 11 l!l-y WOra well, bfU I will ne pcrferti if t-'.cy h-r ne elognel, Oreadlul dlaas are surs to toMow W1U TERRIBLE SUFFERIM8.' Onieemaeaw, Headache, IrysBsasia, ian Coaatipalla and Pit, arKld. eytaesplalaU, wrsM, Wabetea, rWlmeat U nlr v Ibsay Vrlael r !Um aaallc raJas aaj Icaea, -M a. i k Ktwa4 ftj Twnlfti-inrd cxswiled aaauraliy- KIDNET-VOI-T UiSanS I yoa wHl II butto 1 loand ha-ebeea eorwLJ Try 1" W1 aJoODewora to the nomlicr. Take It lad health wlllouoe more ehuldr nyoor heart. Whf auffcr lonpertromtlsetotsiswnt Of an eft-.tnB , 0nn. Wttf toaar auon cllatraaa trora uon orcsered utlr ? Ernsrf-WQsrTTUl aa . aaek at lawjao't ltt0cd' . On lVla?cmahslx irt aoriod!s). T i J33ABCW CO.. r--'-l. II 300 1500 - TO OUR FRIENDS AND THE ' PUBLIC GENERALLY ! A. J. CASERF.ER, of the old and well known firm cl & has jun returned fr im Philadelphia, where be puirhased a large and well selected stock of DRY GOODS; and as wc buy our goods ' , EXCLUSIVELY for CASH We can do better for our Customers Than any store in town or county that dues not. :o: WE WILL PAY CASH OR EXCHANGE GOODS FOR Flour, Wheat, Maple Sugar, Oats, Corn and Beef hides. :o:- We li.vlu all to give Us a Call an! Deciila liir TiemsBlYES. CASEBEER& CO. Kept. 17 ia HICK la arc at. Bieu touts for Fire aiilifeteice, JOHN HICKS & SON, SOMEIISET. PA-. And Real Estate Brokers. ESTABLISHED 1850. Persons who desire to sell, buy or exchange prop erty, or lor rent will And It to their advantage to reitister the description thereof, as nocharirels adennless sold or rented. Real estate busii.es sjenerally will be promptly attended to. auiclS. SALESKOOjW Union Square, Xcw York, 154 State Street, CHICAGO, ILL . MANUFATUREIW SILVER" PLATED WARE. Trade Mark Tor Spoons, Forks, Ac 1847. Rogers Bros. A.I. -:o:- Uiese GomI have taken the Cer- HftenteH of Avfird wherever ex hibited, both in this and iheoltl Countries, And the Meridcn Britannia Co. are the LARGEST and Best Manufacturers in this line in the World. . dTJisk jour Jeweler for these Goods. ipril 1. V. F WAI.KF.lt Ol this place baa a lot of bis calibrated Horse hakes for sale better than evc.j and cheap. Aoyonewbc wants one at once, weak1 do well to send bias a postal card or la sum way let him know In order to make sore ol awttliit one. as be in his rounds of sellioa: miptht But an all who want rakea. Maya MORGAN'S WOOLEN ILL, ESTABLISHED 1812. llarliic secured the services of Mr. Wm. II Karohart as my Axentln HotneraH county, for tlie aotuuia wool season. 1 with to thank my numerous customers lor pest favors, and bespeak lor Mr. Kurnoart tae uiierai pairoiiax. enjoyea uy soy former aneota. 1 have a very large stock of WOOLEX GOODS! of my own manufacture, eontlstlns; of BLANKETS.' V.5SIMERES, SATINETf. JEANS, BEPELLANTS, FLAHNIXS, COVERLETS, CAUPETS, YAKN3. AC, whk-hlwisbto TRADE FOE WOOL. sot (toads are M AIkE PfR 8ERVICE, under my owa suierkk.a, ami we at lira now, a hi the mat, to arlve satlslactloo and full value to all. We will, as visual, visit all owr customers during the kumiaer. WM. S. MORGAN. Stanton' Altllss. Aprt ...... SUMIMSTRATOH-S NOTICE. jiataof Jobs Uarver, lata cf Stcaycreek T deceased. . Leuers of admialstraulia on the above ornate bavins: Iwen craaleil to tbe BBderslamed, notice as hereby aivea to ailpereons Indebted to amid eaiat k suake Immeuktbs iiayanebt arT those havlsf ch-lms as;sia the Same to prrtsmt tbem duly aatheaUcaled for aettleaaert at Ura lata residesM of deceased In aald township a Saturday tn 3d day of January, lo AHRAUAM CARTER. JaUlb J.SPEK.'HKK, Tiuv. AdraluiMratora. NOTICE. lata of Catharine LutUg, Ute of Somerset Twp Somerset Uo Fa., ilec'd. Letters testamentarr oa the above ectaU barlnar been rran'e.1 to lb undersigned by tbe proper authority ; notice Is hereby given to all lersoos audaiited to said estate to nki imssediale pay saeat, and those bavins; claim aa.iost the same to present thew duly aaibeeUeUe.1 fair eetLltment oa Krt.lay January 18th ls-o, i t the bous ol tb Executor In 'ne.lenflrsr. rWaieiwH eontr, Pa. niat1 an i ii tat. Executor. Decs. CASEBEER r jr -y AS . ... THE FATE Of A FAS I TOCXU MM. WUITTEX IN THE ILLINOIS 1-BISON. state t'icurlous, isn't It, Hilly ; Tbe changes that twelve months may bring-, Last year I was at Saratoga, . As happy and rich as a king. I was raking In pools on tbe nee. And feeing tbe waiters with "Ten." And sipping mint juUps by twlllicbt. And to-day I am here in the "Pen.' "What led me to do It?" What always Leads men to destruction and crime ? . The prodigal son, whom you're read of, Has altered somewhat In bis time. He spends bis substance as freely Al tbe biblical fellow of old ; But when it 1 gone be fancies The husks will turn liito gold. Champagne, a box at tlie opera, High steps while fortune is Hush. The passionate kUs of women, Whose cheeks bars forgotten to hi ash. The old, old story, Billy, Of pleasures that end tn tears, , ; The froth that loams lor an hour, Tbe dregs that are lasted for years. Last night as I sat here and pondered Ou the end of my evil ways, There arose like a phantom before nw The vision of boyhood days. I thought of my oi l home, billy ; Of tbe scho.l-hoo.se that stood on the hill ; Of the brook that flowed through the meadow I can e'en hear tu music swell. Again I thought of my mother, Of the mother who taught ni to pray. Whose love was a precious treasure, That 1 heedlessly cast away. I saw again In my visions The fresh-lipped, careless boy. To whom the future was boundloss, And the world but a mighty toy. I thought ol all this as t sat here, Of my rained and wasted life. And the pangs of remorse were bitter. They pierced my heart like a knife. It tikes some courage, Billy, To laugh In the face ot fate, . When the yearning umM'.loas of minh od. Are blasted at twenty-eight. Jolict (II.) Rcpublicou. fs Message. RADICAL GROUND TAKEN AGAINST LEGAL TENDERS AND SILVER ' DOLLARS! 15LAST FOR CIVIL SERVICE REFORM. Tax on Tea and Coffee Recommend ed Declaration that the Rights of Citizens Must be Protected. . Ftllow-Citizens of the Senate House of Representatives : and The membera of tbe forty-ixtb Congress have assembled in their first regular session under circumstances callinar for mutual congratulation and grateful acknowledgment to the Giver of 1I good for the large and unusual measure of national prosperity which we now enjoy. The most interesting events which have occurred in our public affairs -ioce mj last annual message to Con gress are connected with the financial Derations oi tbe.Government, direct ly affecting tbe business interests ot tbe country. I congratulate Congress a the successful execution of the re sumption act. At the lime nxed aod n tbe manner contemplated by law. United States notes began to be re deemed in coin. Since tbe first ol January last tbey Lave been prompt ly redeemed on presentation, and in til business transactions, public and prime,' in all parts of tbe country, bey aru received and paid out as the equivalent of coin. The demand upon tbe Treasury for irold BDd silver in exchange for Uoited State9 nte has been com-1 paratively 6mall, and the voluntary ilepoMt of coin and bullion in ex- change for notes bu been very large. Tbe excess of tbe precious uittals de posited or exchanged for United States notes over tbe amount of Uui ted States notes redeemed is about $10,000 000. THI FINANCIAL MTt'ATIO.N. Tbe resumption of pecie payments has been followed by a great revival of business. With a currency equiv alent in value to the money ot the commercial world, we are enabled to enter upon an equal competition with other naiioo8 in trade and production Tbe increasing foreign demaod for our manufactures aud agricultural products bas caused a large balance of trade in our favor, which bas been paid in gold, from the 1st cf July last tu November 15, to toe amount yf $'i9,000,000. Since the resumption of spt-cie payments there bas also been a marked and gratifying im provement of the public credit. Tbe bonds of . tbe Government bearing only four per cent interest have been sold at or above par, eulbcient in amount to pay off aU of tie national debt which was redeemable under present laws. Tbe amount of inter est saved annaally by tbe process of refunding tbe debt, nince March 1st, 1877. is $14,237,177. Tfce bonds sold were largely in small sums, and tbe number of our citizens uow hold ing the public securities is much greater than ever before Tbe amount of 'the national debt which matures within less than two years is $792, 121,700, of which $500,000,000 bear interest at tbe rate of five per cent., and the balance is ia bonds bearing six per cent, interest. It is believed that this part of tbe public debt can be refunded by the issue of four per cent, bonds, and, by tbe reduction ot interest wbiea will thus be effected, about eleven Billions of. dollars can be saved annually to the Treasury. To secore ibis important reduction of interest to be paid by the United Utates, further legislation is required,! wLicb, it is hoped, will be provided by Congress daring it present: sea sion. The coinage of gold by the mints of the United States, during the last fiscal year was $40,930,912. Tbe coinage of silver dollars, since tbe passage of the act for that purpose, up to November 1, 187&, wa $45, 000.850, of which $12,700,344 have been issued from tbe Trea-ory and are now in circulation,. aod $32,300, 506 are stili in tbe possession of the Government. The pendency of tbe- proposition ; for nnhy of action between tbe Uoit-t ed States and the priocipal comxer- cia) nations of Europe, to effect a per' mm ESTA It T I i K D , 18 9 SOMERSET. PA., WEDNESDAY, DEC. JO, IS79. maaeat sjbteru for the equality of gold and silver ia tbe reeogaized money of the world, leads me to re- commend that Congress refrain from new legislation c tbe general sub ject. Tbe great jcvival of trade, in ternal and foreign, will supply, daring tbe coming year, its own instructions which mar well be awaited before attempting further experimental mens ures a lib-lb -coinage I would however, 6truu,(ly. urte upon Con press tbe importance of authorizing tbe Secretary cf tbe Treasury to sua pend tbe coinage of silver dollars oo or tbe present legal ratio. Tbe mar ket value of tbe silver dollar being uniformly and largely less than the market value ot tbe gold dollar, it is obviously impracticable to maintain them at par with each other it both are coined without limit. If the cheaper coin is forced into circulation it will, if coined without limit, soon become tbe sole standard of value, and thus defeati the desired object, which is a currency of both gold and silver, which shall be of equivalent value, dollar for dollar, with tbe uoi versallr recognized money of the world. t . RETIREMENT OF GREENBACKS. The retirement from circulation t f United States notes, with tbe capacl ty of legal tender in private contracts, ia a pjep to be taken in onr progress towards a safe and stable currency, wbicb sbonld be accepted as tbop h cy and duty of tba Government, and Ibe interest and security of tbe pso, pie. It is my firm conviction that the ;s(ue of legal-tender paper money bnced wholly npoti tbe authority and credit of the Government, except in extreme emergency, is without war rant in the Coostitoiioo, and a viola tion cf sound financial ' principles Tbe issue o' United States notes dur ing the lnte civil wsr with tbe capac ity of legal-tender between private in dividual was not authorized except a a n:eaas of rescuing the country Irom iaitaiuent peril. The circulation of these notes aa paper rariey, f it any protrncted period of t;mo after the accomplishment of tLio purpose, was uot contemplated by the fraucr of tto law under which they were is sued. Tbey anticipated ibe rcdcuip tion and withdrawal ot these notes at the earliest practicable pciiod c m sibiint with tbe attainment of tbe ob ject for wbicn they were proviJo i. Tbe policy ol the Uuitea States, steadily adhered to from the adoption cf the Constitution, bas been to avoid the creation of a national debt, and when, from necessity iu lime of war, debts have been created, tbey have been paid off on tbe return of peace as rapidly as possible. With thi view, and for this purpose, it is re commended that th existing laws for tbe accumulation. o a siokiog fund sufficient to extinguish tbe public debt within a limited period be main tained. If any change of tbe objects or rates cf taxation is deemed necea sary by Congress, it is suggested that experience has thown that a duty cao be placed on tea and coffee, wbicb will not enhance the price of those articles to the consamer, and wbicb will add several millions of dollars annually to tbe Treasury. THE rOLYQAMOnS MORMONS. Tbe continued deliberate violation by a large number of the prominen and influential citizens of tbe Terri tory o! Utah of the laws of the Uuit- ed States for the prosecution and punishment of polygamy demands ibe attention of every department of the Government. This Territory hs? a population sufficient to entitle it to admission as a State, and tbe general intereste of tbe Nation, as well as tbe welfare ot the citizens ot the Territo ry, require its advance from the ter ritorial form of governor ent to tbe re spoosibilities and privileges of a State Tois impirtant cbauge will not, bow ever, be approved by the country while the citizens of Liah iu vert considerable lumber uphold a prac tice w bicb is c indemoed a a crimr by the laws of all civilized c mimoni ties throughout tbe world. Tbe law f.ir the suppression of thU i ffenee wh enacted with ureal UDati ioiity by Congress more than seven teen years ago, but bas remained un til recently a dead letter in the Ter ritory of Utah, bfcaU!"of tbe peculiar difficulties atundibz its enforcement The otiioiou widely prevailed aniuog tbe citizens of Utah that tbe law was in coutravtmion of tbe Con-ititutionsl guarantees ct religious Ifcedru Tins objection is uow removed. Tbe Supreme Court of the Uuited State? bas decided tbe law to be within the legislative power of Congress, aod biuding as a rule of action for all who teside whLin tbe Territories There is no lougtr any reason for del.iy or hesitation in its enforcement It should be firmly and effectively executed. If not sufficiently strin gent in its provisions it should be amended, and, in aid of tbe purpose in view, 1 recommend that more comprehensive aud more searcbiog methods for preventing a; well as punishing this crime be provided. If necessary to secure obedience to the law, the ebjymcnts and exercises of tbe rights and privileges of citizen ship in tbe Territories of tbe United Sia ei may be wi bbeld or withdrawn from those who violate or oppose tLo enforcement of tbe law on this subject. FREEDOM OF TUB BALLOT. The eltctions of the past year, though occupied only with Stale of fices, have nut failed to elicit in tbe political discussions wbicb attended tbem all over the country' new and depisive evidence of tbe deep interest which the great body of citizens take in the progress of tbe country towards a more general and com plete establishment, ' at whatever post, of universal 'security and free dom in tbe exercise 'of tbe .elective franchise. While many topics of po litical concern demand great atten tion from our people, both ia the sphere of National aod State author ity, I find no reason to qualify tbe opinion I expressed in my last annual messaifp, toat, no temporary or, ad mioisirative interests ot government, however urgeut or wvigbty, will ev er displace tbe zeal of our people in defence ot ibe primary rights of citi- zeiirhip, and tba; toe power of public opiuiou - will override all political prejudices, and all sectional and State attachments, ia demanding: that all over our wide territory the ' 7 name and character of citizoa of t,it- i TJuiied Slates sua'l ni!-a!i oae 0't i the eauiO) thing, aad cttrry with tbem unchallenged security and resne;c. I earnestly nppcal to too iarilisfeace j aud patriotiam of all good citizens of! over pars oi me country, however much toey may ba divided ia opin ions on other political subject, t unite iu compelling; obedience to ex isting laws aimed ui, the protection .f the right of sulTfuge. I re-pec.fuliy urge upon Cougre-ss t-j snply any detects ia these laws which experi ence bus shown and which it is with- iu us power to remeay. l 8iraia la- voke tbe co-operation of tho Execu tive and .Legislative authorities, of tho atates ia this great purpose. I am fully convinced Uiat if the public miiid can bo tut at rest ou thii para luouut question of popular rights, no serious obstacle will thwart or delay tbe complete pacification of tbe coun try, or retard the general diffusion of prot-perity. : CIVIL SERVICE REFORM. In a former message I invi:ed the a'.tfcu.ion of Cougreno to the sutjct of tbe reformatio of tbe civil service of the Government, aod expressed the iuteutiou ot traasmittiug to Con gress as early as praciicable a report upon this subject bv the Chairman ot tbe Civil Service Cmmisoioa. In view of the fact ttat, duriut? a considerable period, tbe Governaieut of Great Uriutia has bjen deiiin with admioistraiive problems and abuces, in various particulars analo gous to thoee repreouated ia this country, aud that iu reeeol years the i measures adapted were understood to ha?o betn elfciive aud iu evtry re spect highly satisiiclory, 1 tnougoi h ues rablo to have luiier iafarmatioa opoti tbe tuojsci, aad ac'j jrdiui;iy re quested the Ccaumaa of the Civil Service Loiniiiisiou to make a thor- o iavL'.-iigidoa for this purpose. ice re.-uii, una been au eiaoora-.o i 1 a Comprt'Lcusive report. ltc repori sets trla ;ie hiet'JTV cf the psrliaa': spoils t'o.o.u iu iiretit LnU.u, atiu of the rise aad fail of the parliafficjtary patronage, and ol clli cial interference with the fieedvtn ot electiou It shows that after lousr truis of vsri jus kinds of e.xaouua-i uous, thoee which u;e ju.iHtiitVe' and opeu oa iq'ia! ttrms to. ail, aad hich are corned on omlr thu w . periutendence tf HHiuglecomiuiaeij a, have wuh great advamage, leou es tablisbeu as coii jitioDs of aditisgiou to almost every t llicul place iu tLe subordinate administration ot that country and of fkkish louiii. Tbe completion of tbe report, owi...g to tbe extent of tho laUor involved iu iid preparation, and tbe omission of Con gress to make any prj vision either tor the cjuipe.us.il ton or . expenses v'l the Liomiuissiou, has bee a pootpoueti until the present time. I: is hcrowuh im. if muted to Congress. V bile tbe reform measures of another Government arc of no author ity for us, they are entitled to influ ence, to the extent ot their intrinsic wisdom, aud their adaptation to our iustitutions and social life may com mend them to our consideration. The views 1 have hitherto express ed concerning tbe defects aud abuses a our civil admiuisiratiun remuia unchanged, except in so far as an en- aigevi experience) has depended my sense of tbe duly b nh ot offijers and jf tbe people themselves to c -oper ate fr their removal. The grave evils aud perils of a putisau-spoils system of appjintment to iCice aud of effice teuure, are now jreoeratlv rec- goiztid. Iu the resolutions of tbe great parties, in the reports of De partments, in the debates aud pro ceedings of Congress, in tbe messages ot Executives, tho gravity of these evils have been oointed out aad the need of their rcLrm has been admit ted. . To command the ccceso&ry . sop- port, every measure of reform must be bared on common right acd justice, aud must be cow pantile wub tbe oealtby exisieuca ot grea. parties, 4htcb are inevitable and es-cjtial io a free Stale. WLen the people bate approved a poi.cy at a aaouai election, couh deoce on the part of the officers ibey have selected, aud of the a-lvi-er who, iu accordance with our political ur tun .ion.-, should bo c.D.iuhfd, in tho policy which it is tLeir du y to carry into effect, N iuoirj,eabio It, is eminently proper that thev should expl aiu it belore ibo people, at weii as to illustrate us spirit in the per tormauce of its otficial duties. Very different considerations ap ply to toe greater number of these who Gil the sub irdinate places io thoi civil service. lOe'r rei-p.msibility is to tbeir superiors in official position. It is tbeir duty to obey the legal in structions of those upon whom that authority is devolved, and tbeir best public a r view consists ia ibe dis cbarge of ibeir functions irrespective of partisan politics. Their duties are the same, whatever pa:ty is in pow er aud whatever policy prevails As a consequence, it follows that tbeir tenure of office should not depend oo . L. I . ... t i:. . - . iue picvBieuce oi but policy or toe supremacy of any prty, but should be determined by tbeir capacity to serve tbe people most usefully, quite irrespective of partisan ioterests. The same considerations that should gov ern the tennre, should also prevail io tbe appointment, discipline, and re moval of ' these subordinates. The aotbority of appoiotmeot aud removal is oot a perquisite, - wbicb may be used to aid a friend or reward a par tisau, but a trust to be exercised in tbe public interest, , uoder all tb. sanctions which attend tbe obligatiou to apply the public funds ooly 5ov public purposes. ' Every citizen bas an equal right to tbe booor and profit of eatring tbe public service of bi country. The ooly ju-t ground for discrimination, is tbe measure of character and ca pacity he has to make that rvice most useful to tbe people. Except in cases where, opoa just and recog nized principles, as upon rbe theory of peueions, offices aud promotions are bestowed as rewards torpant ser vices, their bestowal upou any theory wbicb di i Guards personal merit, is au act of ii juetice to tbe citizen, as well as a breach of that tru?t subject to wbicb the appointing power is held. ';; . '. In the light of these principles, it becomes of great importance to pro- 1 TYlOl i vide j-ist, end adrqnite moan, esutv;. f . iaifv f revry dfloarttueof, and large ; -dmiaunriuve ollice, wbere pernonul ' discrimination on tbe part of its head j u'- practicable, for ascertaining 'boss qualifications to which appoint meats a id removals shonld have ref erence, io fail to provide such means is not only to deny the oppor tunity of ascertaining the facts- upon which the most righteous claim to of fice appends, bat t.f necessity, to dis courage ail worthy aspirants, by handing over appointments aod re movals, to mere influence and favor itism. If it is the rijrht of the wor thiest claimant to gain tbe app oint ment, aad the interest, of the people to bestow it upon him, it would seem clear that, a wise and just method of ascertaining persooal bines for office must be tia important, acd permanent function of every just and wie gov ernment. It has long since become impossible, ia the groat offices, tor chose having the duty of nomiaation aad appointment, to personally ex amine into tbe individual qualifica tions cf more than a Btn!l portion of tuoso seeking office; aud, with tho eniargeuien of the civil service, that portion uiui't coutiouo to become less. In tbe earlier years of the govern rueQt, to? subordiuato of ices were so few tu number that it was quits easy for tboso making appointments and promotions to personally ascertain the merits of candidates. Party u.aaacrs and rncinixU had not then bdeoum powerful agencies of coer cion, Lcstile to the frt-o and just cx- Cici::S Of th 8piClUtiog pOWtT. A lirge and responsible pur: of tbe duty of restoring civil service to tbe desired pr.rity and eniciency rests up on the I'res-idea;, aud it is my pnr pofto to slo what is witbia roy power to uuvtiico snch prudent and gradual !i--u03 of reform as will moat surely apd rapi-il- bri'ig about that radical coartge oi system essential to masf oar duiinisirativ. methods satijf.ic toty to a free aud lnttliigeot people i'J a proper exercise of aotbority, it it. io too power of the Exwoiivo to iu much to promote such a reform L5atit coouot be too clearly under fcd.ood that nothing adequate can be i ccorcplithtd without co-operatton on ibe par; 1 1 Congress and coneiderate anJ intelligent support among the ptop'.o. I'.eforms which challenge tta geoeraity uccttpted theories of parlies, und demand changes ia the nie.tfiuds cf (lepartDseuts, - are not tte w-rk of a day. Their permanent foundations must be laid in sound principles, and iu an experience which tieiaouKtrates tbdr . wisdom and ex the errors of tLeir adversaries. Every worthy oHicer desires to make his oiiicial faction a gain and honor to bis cjii-.try, but the peoplo them- s-jlrejj, nr more tbaa their officers in public tation, are- interested in a pure,' oueiiiical, end vigorous ad winLsi r-itiou. By laws enacted iu 1S53 and 1853, aud now in substance incorporated in tbe Revised Statutes, the practice of arbitrary appointments to the several cubordiuate grades in the great De partments was condemned, and ex. aininauoas, as to capacity, to be con ducted tv departmental boards of ex aminers, were provided for and made conditions of admission to tbe public service. These statutes are a decision by Cougress that examinations of some sort, as to attainments and ca pacity, are essential to tbe well-being ol the public service. Tbe important qiiesticus sines the enactment of tbee laws have been as to tbe character of these examinations, and whether official favor and partisan influence or common right and merit, were to cootrol tbe access to tbe examin ations In practice, these examin ations have not always been open to wortLy persons generally, who might wish to be examined. Official favor itism and partisan ioQaeuce, as a rule, appear to have designated those who alone were permitted to g be fore the examining boards, subjecting eveu the examioers to a pressure from the friends of the caudrdates very difficult to reciat. As a conse quence, the standard of admission tell below that which tbe pubHc in terest demanded. It was also almost ionitabls that a systoro which pro vided for variom separate, boards of examiners, with no common sup r visiou or uniform method of proced ure, i-houiJ result, in confusioa, incon sisletcy, and inadequate tests of ca pacity highly detrimental to public interests. A further and more radi cal change was obviously required. Ia tbe annual message ol Decem ber, 1370, my predecessor declared that "there is n duty which so cm- barrasses ibe Executive aad heads of departments as that cf appoint ments ; nor is thera any sucb arduous aad tbaukless labor imposed on Sena tors and Representatives as that of finding places for constituents. The present sjs'.em does not secure tbe best men, and often not even fit men for tbe public places. The elevation and purification of tbe civil service of ibe fovernmenl will be hailed with approval by the whole people cf tbe Uuited State." Congress according ly passed tbe act, approved Aiarch 3, 1871, " to regulate the civil service of the Uuited States and promote the efficiency thereof," giviug the neces sary authority to the Executive to in augurate a civil service reform. Acting under : this statute, which was. interpreted as intended to secure a bj stem of jut and effectual exam inations under uniform supervision, a number of eminently competent per sons were selected for the purpose, ; wuo entered with zeal upon the dis charge of their duties, prepared, with an intelligent appreciation of tbe re quirements of the service, tbe reeu latioLS contemplated, aod took charge of the examinations, and who, ia tbeir capacity as a Board, bave been kaowu as the ' Civil Service Commis sion." Congress for two years ap propriated the money needed for tbe compensation and for the expense of carrying oa the work of tho Com mission. It appears from tbe report of the commission, submitted to the Presi- dent iu April, 1S74, that examinations cy, quite analogous lo thoee which had been held iu various sections of J foi bid the use of official power, for tbe tbe country, aod that an appropria-i oppression of ibe private citizen, im tioo ot aoout $25,000 would be re- pose upon the aovernment the duty quired to meet the annual expenses, j including salaries, involved io dis-i cbargiog tbe duties of the commis-1 sion. This report was traosmittted to CongresB by special message cf' 1 y - 1L WHOLE NO. 14S3. April is, 1S74, vtirb tfcp following favorable uoniroen. upn the latrs of tbe commission : "If suiiuineti t,y Cwrigress, I have oo doub; tbe rules can, afier tte ex- pcrionce gained, be bo improved and enforced as to still more materially benefit tbe public service and relieve the Executive, members of Congress, and tbe heads of departments, from inflaeuetis prejudicial to good admin istration. Tbe rules, as toey tave bilhert j been enforced, have resulted beneficially, as is shown ty tbe opin ions of the membera of the Cabinet and their subordinates ia the depart ments, and in tbat opinion I concur." Aod in tbe annual message of De cember of tbe same year f imilar views are expressed, and an appropriation for continuing tbe w rk cf tbe eem m:s?ioo again advised The appropriation was not made, and, as a conseq-ience, the active work of tbo Commission was sus pended, leaving the Commission it self still in existence. Without tbe means, therefore, of causing the qual ifications to be tested in any system atic manner, or ot securing for tbe public service the advantages of com petition upoa any extensive plan, 1 recommended in my annual message of December, 1S77, the makiog of an appropriation for the resumption cf the work of the Commission. In the meantime, however, com petitive examinations nader many embarrassments have been conducted within limited spheres ia tbe Execu tive Departments in Washington, and in a number of tbe custom-bouses and postflieea of the principal cities of the country, with a view to further test tbeir effects, and. in every in stance, they bivo keei found to be as talutary as tbey are slated to ha to been aider tte ttdniinisiration ot my predecessor I ihiak the economy, 1 parity and eflideucy of the public service would be greatly promoted by their systematic iatrooaefion, wherever practicable, throughout the entire civil se'vtceof tbo irovemueiit. i toirelhtr with amnln nrovision f.ir their general snpirvision, in crder to ecure cond-deocy and uniform jus- t"C3. Reports fiom the Secretary cf the Interior, from tbe I'o&tro aster Gener al, from tbe postu-aster ia the ct'y cf .ew lorfc, where seen examinations tave been scrr.etimo on trial, and also from the collector of the port, the na val officer, ac-J the surv yor ia that any, aad from the pos -stcrs and collectors ia several of tL other larire cities, show that tbe competitive ys t ?m, where applied bas, in v. rioo? ways, contributed to in prove the pablic service. The reports show that tbat the re sntts have been salutary in & marked degree, uad tbat the general appli cation of similar rules cannot fail io be of decided benefit to the ser vice. The rcpcrt3 of the government offi cers, in the ci'y of New York espe cially, bear decided testimony to tbe utility of open competitive examin ations in their respective offices, show, iog tbat "these examinations, and the excellent qualifications of those admitted to the service through them, bave had a marked iucideotal effect opon tbe persons previously ia tbe service, and particularly urxin those aspiring to promotion. There has been, on the part of these latter, an increased 'merest in the work, aod a desire to extend acquaintance with it beyond the particular desk occupied, and thus the morale of the entire force bas been raised. The examinations have been at tended by many citizens who bave bad an opportunity to thoroughly in vestigate the scope and character of tbe tests aod tbe method of deter mining tbe results, and those visitors bave, without exception, approved tbe methods employed, aad several of tbem bave publicly attested tbeir favorable opiaioo." Upon such consideration, I deem it my duty to renew the recommen dation contained in my annual mes sage of December, 1S77, requesting Congress to make the necessary ap propriation for tbe resumption of the work of the Civil Service Commis sion. Economy will be promoted by authorizing a moderate compensation to persons in the public service who may perform extra labor upon or uo der the Commission, as tbe Executive may direct I am convinced that if a jost and ad( quato test ot merit is enforced for admission to tbe public service aod ia makiog promotions, such abnses as removals without good cause and partisaa aad official interference with tbe proper exercise of tbe appointing power will in large, measure disap pear. THAT EXECUTIVE ORDER. There are other administrative abuses to which tbe attention of Congress should be asked in this connection. Mere partisan appoint ments, and the constant peril of re moval without cause, very naturally lead to an absorbing and mischievous political activity on tbe part of those thus appointed, wbicb not ooly inter feres with tbe due discharge of official duty, but is incompatible with tbe freedom of elections. Not without warrant, in the views of several of my predecessors in the Presidential of fice, and directly within the law of 1871, already cited, I endeavored, by regulation, made on tbe 22J day of June, 1877, to put some reasonable limits to such abuses. , It may not be easy, and it may never perhaps be necessary.to define with precision the proper limit of political action on tbe part of Federal otlicera. But while their right to hold and freely express tbeir opinions cannot be questioned, it is very plain tbat they should neither be allowed to devote to other sul jects tbe time needed for tbe prop, er discbarge of their official duties, oor to use tbe authority of tbeir office to enlorce their own opinions, or to coerce the political action of those who hold different opinions. Reasons of justice and public poll of protecting its officers and agents: frotn arbitrary exactuios. In what- ever aspect considartd, the practice! of making levies, for party purposes.! upon the salaries of officers is highly i 1 demorallzio'? to tb public service and discreditable to the country. Though an officer to oukl be as Ireo as any other citizen to give his own money in aia oi ui upmiuuo mo party, he should alt o be as free as any other citizen to refuse to mako sjch gift. If salaries are bat a rate compensation for the time and labo. of the officer, it is gross io justice to levy a tax. upon tlieta. Jf tbey are made excessive in order that they may bear the tax, the excess is an indirect robbery of the public funds. I recommend, therefor?, such a re vision and extension of present stat utes as shall secure to those in every grade of official ltfo or public employ ment the protection with which a great and enlightened Nation anoo d ijuaid tuoso who arc faithful m i-s service. GOVERNMENT OF ALASKA. The thirtl article of the treaty wi'L Russia, of JlAreh 3D, 1S67, by wa:-:u Alaska was ceded to the United States, provides that the inhabitants of the ceded territory, with thi ex ception of tbe uncivilized ualifr tribes, ehall bo admitted to the e i jovment of all ibe rights of citiz- .s of tbe United St ties, and shall maintained and protected in tlie fre cr jojmentof tbe'.r !'cr:r, property and religion. Tbe uucivilized trio- & are subject to snch laws and regula tions as the United States may from time to time adept in regard to tbe aboriginal tribes of tbat country. Botti the obligations of this treaty and tho necessities of the people, re quired that some organized form of government over the Territory of Alaska be adopted. There appear to be no law for tL arrest of person j charged with coi2 mou law offenses, such as assault, robf'er', and murder, ami no migis trate authorized to issue or execute process in sucb cases. Serious d't ficultios hive already arisen fro-n oifonscs of this character, not ou'v amoiij the original inhabitants, bu among citizens of tho Uoited State-'.-and oth'ir countries, who Lave engag ed io mining, fishing and other busi ness operations within the Territory A bili authorizing the appointment of justices of the peace and cons" a bles, and the arrest and detention ol person charged with criminal i.ffs-t-scs, and providing for an appeal i; U.'iled States Courts for the Distort of Oregon, in suitable cases, Will, at a proper time, be submitted to Co- ire as. APPROPRIATIONS FOR MARSHALS. Tbe appropriation for jud.cial e t peiises, winch has heretofore bee trade fur the Department of Jus tice, in gioss. nas subdivided at tt.s lust session of C"nrcs, and no ap propriation whatever was a-aic foi the payment of tbe fees of lue ma -ji'als and their deputies, either in tLe service of process or the discharge of tbeir unties; aud since June 80, tbee officers have continued the perform ance of their duties-, without compen sation from the govt rffifct., takir upon themselves tbe necessary ini i tienlal outlays, as weii as rcD'lerifig their owu services. In only a few unavoidable instances, have lb: proper execution of tbe process of I'm United States failed by reason of the absence of tbie r quis'te appro priation. This course of official con duct on the pttrt of these rjUieer, bijbiy creditaoie to tbeir fidelity, was advised by tba Attorney Gencrii who informed them, however, ttut . tbey would necessarily have to lely for th. ir cou-pertsaUou upon tte prospect of future leiciaUtiou by Cou gress. 1 therefore especially recoM mend tbat immediate) aprropnaiicn hy made by Congress fur this pur pose. The act makiog the principal ap propriation for the Department of Justice at previous sessions has uni formly contained the following clause: "Aod for defraying the expenses which may be incurred in tbe enforce ment of the act approved Febrnary 23, 1370, entitled 'An act tu amend an act approved May 30, 1870, en titled 'An act to enforce the right of citizens of the United States to vote io tue several States of tbe United States, and for other purposes,' or any acts amtndtory thereof or sup plementary thereto.'" No appropriation was made for this purpose for the current year. A no general election for members of Con gress occurred, the omission wss a matter of littie practical importance. Snch an election will, however, take place during the ensuing year, aod tbe appropriation made for tbe ser vices they may be required toperforsa at such elections. THE LAW'S DELAY. The business of the Supreme Court is, at present, largely in arrears. It cannot be expected tbat more causes can be decided than are now dis posed of in its annual session, or tbat by any assiduity the distinguish ed magistrates who compose the Court cao accomplish more than is now done. Io the Courts of many of Ibe circuits, also, the business has increased to such an extent, tbat the delay of justice will call the attention of Congress to an appropriate reme dy. It is believed tbat all is done in each circuit which can fairly be ex pected from its judicial force. Tbe evils arising from the delay are less heavily felt by the United States than by private suitors, as its causes are advanced by the Courts when it is seen that they involve the discussion ot questions of public character. Tbe remedy snggested by the Attorney-General ia the appointment of additional circuit judges, and the creation of an intermediate court of errors and appeals, which shall re lieve tbe Supreme Court of a part of its jurisdiction, while a larger force is also obtained for the performance of circuit duties. I commend this suggestion to the consideration of Congress. It would seem to afford a complete remedy, and would involve, if ten additional circuit judges are appointed, an ex penditure, at the present .rate of salaries, of not more than sixty thou sand dollars a year, which would cer tainly be small in comparison with the ol.jecta to be attained. OCR POSTAL AFFAIRS. Tbe report of the Postmaster Gen eral bears testimony lo the general revival of business throughout the country. The receipts of the Post office Department for the fiscal year ended Jone 30, 1879, were $20,041, 382.85, being $7G4,465.9I more than the revenues of tbe preceding year. Tbe auiount realized from the sale of postage stamps, stamped envelopes, aod postal cards, was $764,465.91 more than the preceding year, aod $2,337,559.23 more tbaa in 1877- Tbo expenditures of the department were $33,449,89.4 j, or wnica me sum of $376,461.63 was paid on lia bilities incurred in preceding years. Tbe expenditures during tbe year w ere $801,209.77 less that tbe preced ing year. This reduction is to be at tributed n;ainly to tbe operation of the law passed June 17, 1878, charg ing tbe compensation of postmasters ( Continued on the Alh faje.)
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers