IT I1MT BCJt A BOT 8 STuBT. My name i Jaupcr Cooper. I was not a nd-l by. My nbare ot orig in fin 8 a liberal cue, and be tween, tbe poud and evil in mc, the balance. I am Borry to tr, very of ten bent tbe wroo J- "r benefit of other, I am going to make i r,; i?i rtnA inat nri ft particular couitwwu ; . i Mr haii r,"n n n ft condact and abow uo v brouU ice trouble and re- penaoce. t- -nw thirteenth birthday i I re- .'r.H two presets that made ,,1 and ri.-h One was a teei jiuu m.11 aim from IDT LCtle Fbilip.i wi:b plenty of powder and ebot krumnanied with tbe tn It caution, ' that firearms were o.uger-. ous weapons unices verv ... ..-.. . nil' UIM handled The other gift w t BO UU spaniel from my father. " Tbe boy is a rare one wbof bap ine ii oot complete with a gan and a dog and I was not one of the rare ooes. A week later, one bright, cool au tumn morning, as I was standing by tbe gate just after breakfast, Natbao Baglev, an intimate friend of mine, tbougb a little older than myself, came along and accosted me. "God morning, Jasper. Sj you are getting UP llie world. They sav that vou've got a gun end a dog" I suppose that's so!'' I answered, with pride and pleasure. Nathan laughed at my very appar ent .aticlaetion. aud said: "Lok here, I'm going bunting in I3ike's woods thi afiernoon. Come, go a nb me. There's plenty of finall came there. We'll have a bagful be fore night." I eafl'L 1 must go to school." ' Get exrured You ran do that easv enough." 'No Mr. Lowe won't excu-e 6cb"larr- w.ib 'Ui a note from oue f i their parents, aud father is out ol town " Yur mother will write ue for you." "She's been sick t wo davs aud can't sit up." Nathan looked 'Look here, Ja-per," tbiiikiug a moment, disappointed, be said, after "you're sharp enough, i u cm c ntrive a wav to go, I kuow. I'll lie ready just after diuuer." athan went home, and 1 went I nto th hou-e. To be called 'Vharp'' was a compliment that weigh ed more with me in my tempted state of mind than any fears ol d iu;r wrong. I w auted to no hunting, and my whole thought was how I could Contrive to go. It was impoj-r-ilile to get a note, rcquer-ting a release from school duties, from either of my par ents, and w bat w ould do as substi tute ?" Suddenly the thought came: Why not write a note yourself, and sign your father's name ? I was an indif ferent speller, but a good penman, and I was certain I could counterfeit my father's handwriting. I searched his desk and found an account book that had been writen by him. This I placed on tic table !e fore me in my room, and for full half an hour I was completely engrossed in attempts to imitate tlie chirogra phy. I succeeded at last fas I thought) remarkable well, and pro duced a neat, carefully worded note, s complete a counterfeit that I was sure Mr. Lowe would never doubt its genuineness. My chief difficulty, however, was in tbe signature. I was puzzled to decide exactly how father wrote his name at tbe bottom of hie letters. I had brought bim letters from the post-office directed "Mr. Asa Cooper," "Hon. Asa Cooper," and "Asa Coop er, Esq. ;" but w hether he would put one of these titles to his own signature was a question I could not settle. I tried to find some of his old letters to guide me, bit the three I had received from him while I was at Uncle Phillip's had leen mislaid or destroyed. After much delibera tion, I wrote as follows: "Mr. Lowe: J,ar Sir, Will you oblige me by excusing mv son Jasper from school this P. M. his studies are wearing upon him, and I think he needs more open air and exercise. "Very Truly Yours, "Hon. Asa Cooper." I read this three times, to be sure there was no inaccuracy in it. The capitals and punctuation seemed to me to le correct, and on the whole, I was very well satisfied with my production. I took my hat and books and hurried to school. Just after the morning session I presented my note to Mr. Lowe, and watched him narrowly as he read it. I Dolieed that a faint smile stole over his face, but as he gave me without a question the permission I desi-ed, I supposed be had do doubt of its genuineness. Home I went, jubilant enough ; ate a hurried dinner ; call ed my dog; and with my new gun on my shoulder, started "to find my friend Nathan. He was expecting mc. "How did you get excused from school ?" he earnestly inquired. "Oh, easy enough. I wrote a note aud signed father's name to it, and it took the master in completelv." "You're a sharp one," said Na than again. We aoon reached tbe woods. Tbe trees were just tinged with the gold and purple of autumn, and every now and then a bird or a squirrel was pccb bopping from branch to branch. Nathan fired at a blucjav, and though it did not crop to the ground, as be confidently expevted, one of its tail feathers did, which con vinced him that b6 had almost made "a good shot." His next was better. He killed a woodpecker, and consider ed it quite an achievement. "Why dont you let drive at some thing?" said be. "There are plentv of birds." "I'm not going to shoot prettv birds that do no harm," I said, proud ly. "Ill kill partridges if I kill anv- tbing, for they are good to eat, and such birds aa crows and henbawks, that do mischief." Nathan Iangbed. "It isnt best to be too particular," he said. I stopped, and was upon the point of taking out the ramrod from mv gun in order to put in powder and shot. "What, isit your gun loaded?" exclaimed Nathan, in surprise. "You're a queer hunter, anvhow I" "What 'a the odds ?" I answered. who spirit. "I guess there's enough to load mv gun " timej "Look, there's game for you!" said .'aiuna, jBQgning. My eye followed the direction to which be pointed, and, to my surprise ,1 7 iT .i0 r0(,S ,TOm m' lit' w uujiu iu m iuiu, iaa- ' - rcu uvoa. iter name waa Lucy Kobinson, and here eyes were fixed acowlingly upon me. A few week befora kt hA Mnn.t to Mr. Low. that I had broken her! -.uuow-oneaay during a recess of school hoars , TLia was fLe. I bad sometimes 'ttad her bv petty tricks; but bad 'nerer in auy way injured her proper i j ... l. n . affnr &hnvr tnat .;'-. ;,. buj faUe. and wa 1 ' . I - ...... I nuu: : ...A I.r Mr Lute Ijr IUU eu r smn-ihrn 1 DiQ leu ; very angry w iih old Lucy IlobiBbon, and the id.-a of retaliation at once occurred to iri, and I determined to frijbtcn bcr. iVithmir rrvmrnt's hesitation. 1 I put my gua to my shoulder and lev- le edltslber. -You told Mr. Lovre a wicked lie ' about me and, and I'll sLoot you !" I cried, in a loud voice. Natban. in the meantime, caugot aiea u at once, ana my auees o gau vj i;m,w ,.f ' n.-.u.i..hiir-k makinz for ; knock one aeainst the other. fr it o . M;ew-lb Iuine to be cnarging lis guu bhi "t . a L Msned w ruu ; out in doing s, he pubed me and jostled mv arm, causiug a sudden pressure upon tbe trigger, and to my horror, the gun, still pointed at Lucj liobiu son. cave a loud report ! The old woman screamed aud s;aiTL'ereI. aau oiooa npiwarcu xrics- ling from her sleeve 1 She stared a moment, pa.e and tcrror-stricKen, ana then, claspiug a hand over the wound. fled towards her borne, moaumr and crying with pain. Nathan and I gazed after her re treatiug Cgure, aud then looked with horror into each other's eyes. "Yuu hit her!-' exclaimed Nathan, wildly. "1 only uieaut to frighten bt-r! I didn't ufeau t kill her! I didn't too- my gun was loaded!" I gasped. You'll be arretted for this! You'll have the t-beriff Ivlter dear mil !' Iv alarmed. a!:t r said vuu! You'd Nathan, great- Where can I go?" I asked an icv tremor run ling through me. "1 d u't know but you've hurt old Lucy, and they'll think you meant to kit! her. If she die-., you'll be tried for uiurd.T, and mavbe get bung. You're in an awful Cx, Jasper. I wouldn't stay round here, auybow!" Kvidentlv Nulhao was too much ! twi to be a wi.e counselor, aud j as we li ft the woods. I tiled to look calamity full in the face. I still bad enough of my wits about me to know ibat if I fled fr. rn su-picion, I should only involve myself in greater diffi culties, but I was quite uncertain what coor-e lo pursue. For more than an hour we wander ed about over the fields and down the road. I dared not go home, aud a thousand forebodings tortured me. As we were going over tbe bridge. th clattering of hoofs was heard coming rapidly towards us, and in another moment Sheriff Clapp a- i peared. 1 le ieheu iron, ins, n .n-e, and laid bis hand on uiy shoulder. "Jaspea Cooper, I arrest you," said be, "for inteut to kill ucy Kobiuson. Come with me." The Llood seemed to curdie in my veins. I made no attempt at expla nation, but followel him in despair ing silence. Nathan walked by ray side. "I know wLcre he is taking me to," I said, in a horse voice. "I'm on my war to the lockup ; and I want you, Nathan, to go to my house and tell Margaret Connor what has happened. Tell her to keep it from mother, by a!l means, for it will make her worse ; but as soon as faiher gets back I want to see bim." "I will," responded Nathan dole ful. The "lockup" was a temporary prison in tbe basement ot a large public building. It had a barred win dow, and a strong iron door. Into this place I was conducted, and as the key was turned, and the shades of evening shut out the day, all light and hope seemed to leave me. I passed a dreadful night of solituJe, suspense and forebodings. Morning came at last. I knew that my father was expected on the early train, aud that Nathan would at once inforta him of all that hap pened, and I listened with strained ears for his footsteps. I5ut he did not come. Earlv in tbe afternoon my prison door was opened, and I was conduct ed to Esquire Hammond's office. The room w as full, and my eyes first rested on Lucy Kobinson, waiting to accuse me. Her arm was in a 6ling, and her face was dark and wrathful. Her evidence against me was strong and conclusive, and visablv affected her hearers. Nathan was next questioned, and testified stoutly to ray innocence. He was certain that 1 supp sed my gun was unloaded, for 1 was just making preparations to load it when the woman appeared. And he re peated the words that had passed be tween us about it before Lucy came in sight. Dr. Hall then produced the ball he had extracted from the woman's arm and they said that it fitted my gun exactly. My turn came nex t I felt the ter rible weight of the evidence against me. I had to meet the grave charge of intent to murder. I well knew that Esquire Hammond was not my friend. In my earlier boyhood he once saw me on his fence picking a few pears from his tree, and had since then always regarded me with suspcieion. 1 w as indeed in a iiet of difficulties; but the very distress of the moment collected aud strengthen ed my faculties; and gave me a des perate fluency of speech. My defence in substance, of course, was that I bad not thought or injur ungLucv Kobinson. .mv guu was not loaded srhen I pointed it at her. I had been punished once in coniie- qence of her false accusation, and following a momentary impulse to tease, 1 had tried to frighten her. and my gun went off only when Na than accidently ran against me. I testified further that I possessed only powder and shot, and that I did not know where the ball came from, nor w ho bad loaded the gun with it. Esquire Hammond listened with marked attention, and I was hopeful that 1 bad made a lavorable impres sion. He then cross-examined me as follows : "Where is your father?" "He is in Rhode Island." "When did he go?" "Day before yesterday." ' "Does he approve of boys of your age using firearms ?" "Yes, sir, if carefojiy handled," I boldly replied. "How happened it that you were out hunting, instead of being in school?" The judge's eves were fixed. penetratingly on me. Mr. Lowe excused mc." I an swered. "At either of four parents' re quest 7" "My father's." "Did your father see Mr. Lowe, absence for an1 reqptBt a leave of yon No, sir." How did Mr. Lowe know of Lis wishes?" "I took a note." "From your father ?" " Yes sir," hesitatingly. "Did he write tbe note ?" At this question my heart began to beat violently, and tbe blood mount ed higher and higher, till I knew tba my face must be a bright carli-t. "Did rour father write the note?" ..wtinnnH E?nuire Hammond, uu-1 uucouuuvu iDoruauveiT. Yee 1 believe t.;m n so ves I saw U 1111. i "Where were you when be wrote : It ' j 'In ia the librarv," I laltered j out, hardly conscious of what I was ".''". . . . .1 h-quire Hammond put Lis baud j in his pocket, and drew out a f.ld- jed paper and opened it. I rrc iffuiz- was the note I had presented to Mr. Lowe?" be continued, holdiug it out to me. "Yes, sir." 'Mr. Lowe tells me," continued Esquire Hammond, "that he excused - ...... .... wui.u,.,.., w...b .. vou from attending because of tbi written request from your fa. her. When did your father write it?'1 "Jusl before I went to school Tes-'of i. n . r 4 , rA l,u.rin. ning to forget what I w as about. "You say," said Erquire Ham- mond, sternly, "ibat be has Iteen in Uhode Irlan'd since dv before yei-ter- dav, morning. Now which f ibese statements is fil" true, and wbicb is I made no reply, pletelv deserted me. Mv wit.- com I had condemn ed myself. K-quire Hammnn read the note aloud, and a long and beany laugh, as be ended with "II in. Aa Coop er" I'urst fri m the people wh were present. I burst into tears. Tbe wn-nir act I bad committed in counterfeiting fatLcr's writing, was a siromr wit ness against me, and hall destroyed a!l confidence in my statements I read in Esqure Hammond's face that a hard verdict would come from his lips, and tbe horrors of jail life rose vividlv before me. With a shuddering fear I th-iuirht of my pa rxnii! nnrt a hut rtrioarttii! listr-s mv disgra. e would cause them. Per- 'Congres into the hnds of tbe Cou baps it would be tbe death of mv ! federate party during some part of sick mother. I stood overcome with the next I'PTidcutial term. A man grief and despair. Just then tbe loud, prolonged whis-, tie announced tbe approach of t hp incoming train. Father was d"ubt-j less a passenger in it. I cast an im j ploring glance at Nathan. He bur-j ried out, and I knew he would speed-! il v return with him. At that instant Jona'han Morris, one of our neighbors, entered tbe of Cce. His face was flu!-hed, and his breath came deep and quick, as if he bad been riming. He fixed his eyes for a moment en couragingly upon me. and then aked permission to sneak. Then he said in a lond voice : "Nathan Bagley lias just told me that Jasper Cooper's trial is going on. and I am here to testify that Fie did not know that his gun was loaded." How my heart bounded at these words of hope. "I saw a fox," continued Jonathan, "prowling about my turkey pen, I ran over and borrowed Jasper's gun of Margaret Connor. IJefore I could get back and load it, the fox was gone, but when I carried the gun borne, the ball was still in it." Jonathan Morris was a highly re spected man in the town, and his tes timony saved me from being tried for a capital crime. The stern features of Mr. Hammond relaxed, and the opinions of all who bad listened to him were preceptibly changed. I was undoubtedly a bad boy, but not so bad as I bad seemed. After a few more questions, and a little deliberation, Esquire Hammond gave his verdict as follows : '"For the crime of wantonly fright ening Mrs. l,ucy Kobinson, Jasper Cooper is required to pav a fine of fifteen dollars and tbe costs of this trial." Father and Nathan had come in while he was speaking, and in time to hear his concluding words. Fath er took out his pocketbook and promptly paid the fine. You may be sure that I was thoroughly punished and penitent. As we walked home, I confessed, without the slightest concealment, all the wrong I had done in forgoing his writing to obtain a leave of ab sence from school, and then in a mo ment of resentful mischief, pointing my gun at an old woman, and threat ening her with the disasterous result now so well known. "My son," said he, very seriously, "vou now sec tbe value of a good name. You prejudiced old Lucy Robinson against vou bv teasing her. You ferfeited Esquire Hammond's confidence bv robbing his pear tree; and the note you counterfeited de- stroved vour character for truth With only your own word to help you in this trial, you could not have escaped the heavy charge made against you. If a good name has been established, and the life record j is right, youmay defy suspicion and conquer lalsc charges ; but with a bad reputation, il is often impossible for even the innocent to get justice.'' I have never forgotten the lesson of that day. It taut.Lt mc to shun dissimulation and artifice, and since then I have never wilfully told a lie. I sought by every means in my pow er to repair the wrong I bad done Lucy Robinson. Her wound healed in time, and as faiher presented her with a handsome sum of money, be sides fixing ber bouse, her bitter feel ings toward me quite died away. I carefully saved my pocket money, and when Christmas came purchased for her a nice woolen dress, w hich she received with the warmest thanks. From that time to the day of ber death, I had a :rue and faith ful friend in eld Lucy Kobinson. Youth' t Companion. Tumm fcla Mstrb. The Rev. Dr. Ritchie, of Edin- burg, though a very clever man, once met with bis match. hen ex-amining-a student as to the classes he had attended, he said: "And you attended tbe class for mathematics?" "Yes sir." "How many sides has a circle ?" "Two," said the student "What are they ?" What a laugh in tbe court the stu dent's answer produced when he said. "An inside and an outside !" The doctor next inquired, "And yon attended the moral philosophy class, also f" "Yes, 6;.r." "Well you would bear lectures on various subjects. Did you ever hear one on cause and effect ?" "Yes, sir." "Does effect ever go before a cause?" "Yes." "Give me an instance" "A man wheeling a barrow." The doctor then sat down and p:o- posed no more questions. Industry is the guardian of innocence. Wh Kkall rrnMnL From the Cbicafo Inter-Ocean. It ia uo a little over four mouths before tbe as.-tnibliug of the National KepuHicaa Convenntion. It is time itbai i lie iH.-eple ebould begin t think 'gravely about the man who fcball I i bead the I uion ticket, and who will, m U probabilty occupy tbe I resideu- tial cct:r lor at least lour years iruro March, IS". Tlie Inter-Ocean, at pri'feui, expresses no choice among tbe cauoidaieg, out it taR. s occasion to impress upon it readers the im portance of a wice election aud t utter its convictions rejrarujujr toe: pruiuiueut we may say theiudi-pen rable qualifications which such cau-j dldate. should poseas. Towering abve every other consideration should be tbe one of unquestioned, uudouhted fealty to the Uuiou, nd to the Constitution as amended and ratified by tbe States. The time are unp.-'io.ioiis for experiments. Tbe Norm mu-i not le again sold oot bv i Audy J ,hn nifiii. Tbe experience lie lat few months lUUft have ruinrKt ills t-iiiifitrv thHT urilH vreat care and unmistakable firmness shall be exercit-ed. there is danger that tbe quefti-.u w hich we thought settled by the war, will come up atraio to disturtj and divide us. Already the 'caudlous doctrines of secession are preached again in the House of Rep- reentatives. and one of tbe principal advocates of those sentiments is dubbed a leader of Democracy by the prtueipal Democratic newspapers iu 'he United States. Already, too, the files of the House arc big with prop iritions to pay for property taken or destroyed during the mnrch of tbe Union armies, and bills of this char acter fill the pockets of nearly every CoufederaLe Congressman. The lle P'lblican candidate should bj a man with a record upon these schemes. The country must not guess ; it mut lii'iir that he wi.l stand like a pro tecting wall of granite be1 ween tbini and these pilferers. Tbe chances of 'political warfare may, by some unto- : iu on;urui, . u- uc-i both bouses ot ! "" uu 81 Iue wnom toe people can tru-t, and who will interpose can tru.-t, and wbo w ill interpose bis arm to shield tbem in such emergen- !cy. So also in regard to the advance ment of the inidious doctrine of State riglits. The ci.uutry can afford to have no man iu tbe I'resideniial chair w bo is tainted in tbe least by doubts as to the supremacy of the nation; who is undecided as to tbe qtii'-ti m of so-called Slate soveriegn iv. If we have, indeed, fought through a bloody war of four years, leaving this qtiesiiou still undecided.' let lhe ba. I it-box which remains to us express the lesolu'ioii w bicb uaiiou, as a whole, feels upon subject. Another most important i.at'er: There is a plain, palpable det-rmiuation on trip part of the S iu heru people to defy and trample upju the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to tbe Constitution, and to substantially deprive the colored people of the rights which the coun try has conferred npon tbem. For the Republican party to recede from its life-long position upon this ques tion would be a crov.-ning act of in justice nnd infamy. It must not do it. 1 he people should see to it that no step be taken backward. If the memory of Lincoln, Chase, Sumner, Wilson, and other great anti-slavery statesmen is worth anything to them, they will not permit the party to fal ter upon this subject. Thecaudidate of the Republicans must be a man of convictions, wbo can be trusted; who has shown his faith by his works; who will not betray the in terests confided to him, nor insult tbe sentiment which placed Abraham Lincoln in the executive chair and twice elected U. S. Grant to the Pres idency. The Intcr-Ovcan clamors for no harsh measures toward the South. It simply ssks that the Con stitution as it now stands be obeyed, not only in letter but in spirit. In this lies the only safety, and we in sist that he who shall have the direc tion of affairs for the next Presiden tial term, and in whose hands will be the power of enforcing the laws, shall be a man who will dare to be just to the humblest as well as the highest, and who will see to it that the solemn pledges of this ration are redeemed. We enter the Centennial year with universal liberty written upon our Constitution. Let there be no reced ing, l.et not this year ot jubilee mark the beginning of a new season of persecution and wrong doing to an unfortunate race. The work begun should rather be perfected and com pleted until it can be truthfully said that every man within our borders is free to think, to act, aud to vote as his conscience dictates, untraome'ed by law and undeterred by persceu-' tion. Let us again repeat that we want no Jobnsonism in this Centen nial year! The country must not be sold out by weak sympathizers or mawkish advocates of conciliation and compromise. The Constitution and the laws grant protection am ple and sufficient protection if obeyed to til citizens in the Union. What we want is to have tbe laws enforc ed, not to conciliate offenders by ig noring their crimes and rewarding their for their commission. These are the convictions of The Jnterr O'van. With a candidate such as we have described tbe success of the ticket next fall, and the security and prosperity of the country, will alike be assured. 4 riilld-a Prayer. The follow ing touching incident re cently occurred in Philadelphia: She was hardly able th talk plainly, and a policeman bad" to give her Lis hand it assist her up the steps into the Central Station. "Did you put my mother in jail?" she asked, as she pushed her sun bon net back, and looked from oue to an other. Tbey bad arrested a red faced, tan gle haired woman, wbo fought tbe officers and made use of foul lan guage. No one dreamed that the child was hers, but it was. . The lit tle thing was so innocent and pure that tbey didn't want ber even to see tbe iron bars, but the mother heard her voice, called to ber and tbey opened the corrider door. The child grasped tbe iron door, looked into tbe cell, and cried out: "Why, mother, yoa are in jail." Tbe mother crowded back, asham ed of herself, and tbe child knelt down on the stone floor, clung to the iron bars of tbe door, and prayed " i,. f law iaa A r. ... n 1 I hope my mother will be let out of iail " Tbe men had tears in their eyes aS'tDp0UCJh thev PPUtlv removed her and u-lmn I the woman came into court to be tried, his Honor whispered to her to go home and try for the child's sake to be a mother instead of a wretch. Counter-claims Your w ife's shop ping bills. 3fraal Talne. The normal value, or what Adam ! Smith terms the natural value of any giveti commodity namely, tbe de gree or rate at which il will, for a general average, exchange for other " co J..;.. . J . .j . -- , l . . o its proUucuon. Ibis is tbe njai principle to which the doctrine ot'samples of wood fromtbe Mexican: value at last comes, and to which uil i temporary fluctualiousof market value tend to adjust themselves. That whit-b absolutely rosw cubing no; labor or capital for its procurement ha.t no vs -ie ia the ecoiiome-al i V . i , ' lor II. il 11 cull uv uu nnu'iui ri- fort aud wi'houi sciifice, oo one will ; menl, Mr Gerdiog has the exclusive buy it, aud hetiCe, no oue can sell il Ipriviirge of cutting limber for a pe lf the prime aud tundameutal ele-jriod of ten years from a forest forty mentof value be the cost of produc- j miles square. He regards tbe dis- b, it iLeu loiiows. as a ueces.-uxy ; coiisequeuce, that tbe degree of value is naturally proportionate to the com, and that any two commodities wbicb, for au average, are equal to each other in their cost will, tor an aver age, exchange for each other. Pe' maueutly change the first relation, and the consequence will be a change in tbe second. What. then, ia meant bv cost of I production ? What are its elemenis ? N bat ideas are involved lu ibis phrase? There need be no difficulty in answering this question. Practi cally it is answered a thousand times every day. Take any commodity wheat, for example. What is the coat of producing a buudred bushels of wheat and bringing it to tbe place of sale? The first element is thai of labor lhe direct phvsical und men tal exertion which somebody must put forth in tbe production of tbe wheat, ibe measures of this exer tion is one of quintitv as to the amount of labor in '.be element of time, of quality as to tbe degree of skill necessary to perform it, of se verity as to the nature of tbe task aud of liability as to auy risks of in jury while performing iu All these elemeuis enter into the idea of labor cost aud define and measure tbe labor-basis of value iuvolved iu tbe production of a buudred bushels of wheat; and that, too, whether the labor be performed by one who woiks for wages or by tbe farmer himseli. The same is true of tbe production ot auv other commodity. Tbe labor- element is, hence, one of the founda tions of normal or natural value. ben equalized in different cases, it tiaturally teuds to a corresponding equalization iu the value ot its pro ducts. Tbo secoud tlemeut ia the cost of producing a buudred bushels of wheat is capital, or weallb accumula ted beforebuud aud devoted lo this iiuruose. aud. bv consequence, diver- led from any other use. Tbe capital iu ibis case consists in the seed-whea' sown, iu tbe land upon which it is sown, aud in the tools, implements, aud broth power used for the purpose. There are the elements of lhe pro ducer's capital the things with which labor must be united iu ordei to secure the result. The quantity of capital thus employed, the length of time during which it is thus em ployed, and the destruction, whether partial or complete, which it under goes during the process form the measure of the cost in respect to cap ital. This is the amount of tbe sac rifice to which the producing capital ist has submitted for tbe sake ot gain ing the result. If he paid wages, then the wages entered into the labor-cost; and the same would be true if be perforated the work him self. The third element is the average amount of rial- attendant upon the labor and capital devoted to tbe pur pose in question. If it were true-that in half of the cases in wbicb labor and capital are thus employed a wheat crop would be a total failure, then it would be also true that tbe average cost of producing wheat would be twice what it is on the sup position that every case would be a complete success. Tbe average risk of bulb labor and capital is always an clement of cost; and in all pro duction some degree of risk must be incurred, greater or less, according to the kind of production. Whatever it is, it must be set down to the account of cost. Such, then, are the elements of normal or natural value, because they are the elements which enter in to the cost of production. The pro duct when sold must pay all these charges, in order to pay for its pro duction. If it pays more, then tbe price is above the normal level. If it pays less, then the price is below this level. Two products in respect to which the charge $ arc equal have the same uormal value; and this ia the reason why, for an average, they will exchange for each other. When commodities pass into the general market and are handled by dealers who trade in them; then, in addition to the cost of transporta tion and the profits of the dealers, tbey becomej subject to the fluctuations of market price under the law of sup ply and demand, or their relative proportions to each. Yet amid all ibese fluctuations their normal value remains as a permanent power to de termine their average market value. The oscillations of tbe latter lie with in certain limits, which are fixed by the former. That which is original, elementary, and permanent in value never loses its power in regulating tbe exchanges of trade. A ! Hall Carrier. Who carries the mail from Os-tra-gou-nosh. away up un the Minnesota line, to the nearest frontier settlement in Dakota? asks a St. Paul paper. Why, Boss, a mongrel kind of dog, an apparent ultimate result of tbe mingling of every kind of dog found in the territory. Boss' master a year ago waa a drunken half-breed wbc was paid $3 a nip in summer and $5 in winter for taking the mails a dis tance of some sixty miles.- Boss' master was honest and never purloin ed a letter, but he bad a war of drinking on tbe road, and tbe mails were often delayed. Last January the mail carrier never reached his destination, but was found frozen stiff in a snow bank three miles be yond Jobley's run. Boss was keep ing gosrd over his master and the mail. Now Hon runs the machine in bad weather. All that has to be done is to take Boss and secure ite letters around bis neck in an oilskin wray, and away goes Boss to tbe end of the mail route on tbe biggest kind of lope. There is no use of starving Boss, like people do pigeons, to get bim to work, though be does expect a feed at the conclusion of bis !J,Q'. one " et 13 "trigojng for Boss' place. 88 piace. oixty-two miles as I the crow flies, carrying tbe mail the snow, is not a position most office seekers care for. 1 Bret Ilarte admits that be learned tbe priDter'j trade, lie saj be could work six quarts of type per daj on a band press, and could correct a roller as good as anybedj Detroit free Prei$. Mcmleaa Wwa. A Centennial contribution Jfrom this bide of the continent, in the ebape of a collection of Pacific Coast woods, will baone of tbe features of S&T&JETAm collection is four hundred and twenty coast, reprcrenuug as many diuereut varieties of timber. 1 nese samples have been collected durogtbe past. Sfteen mouths by J.O Gerding, and will be exhibited at Philadelphia un der tbe ausp cea of (he Souiberu i i;.. i ri 1 nAw :.u .. i . ........ a trommel w u u mo tuci itsu uo c-i - c very ot waiuut.oi w'ncn ne snows Miecimeus of the black,, while, grey, curled, aud striped, as something highly important, since mauy have believed ibat the waluul tree waa a strauger to ibe woodlands of this coast. Tbe samples, now at the Cen tral Pacific building on Townseud street, are worthy of close inspection; and if they fairly represent the qual ity of this kind of timber in the for ests of tbe Pacific, then it may be safely asserted ibat nothing of tbe kind in France or EugUod cad excel tbe walnut grown on this coatinent. It is susceptible of tbe finest polish, and seems meialic in its compactness. For ornamental wood work, either solid or veueered, it is doubtful if anything surpasses the curled or striped waluul in this collection. A sample of engravers' wood, called muela, also holds a place in the lot. It is extensively used by lhe illustra ted journals of ibis country aud Eu rope for eugraving plates. Tbe feco mate is a ship building wood, which is claimed to be equal in strength and durability iu water lo the best live oak. Tbe lance wood, of which specimens are also shown, was used for spears by tbe savage tribes that formerly iubabited tbe forests of Mexico. Il is now extensively used iu the manufacture of flutes aud oth er musical instruments. The collec- liou embraces several samples of eb onv. black mesquiie. linolue. blood- wood, aveUna, prima vera, granadil lo, (a rosewood), acatispa, (a yel low rosewood), cabana (a mabog- ouy fir veueenug,) linolue (seemed), aud buallgcau, beautiful in grain aud susceptible of lhe highest polish. Tbe region ironi which this wood comes is rugged and wild. Moun tains a mile in height rise abruptly fiom tbe shore line of tbe ocean, aud seem to defy all efforts of as cent. Tbe forests are very decse, and seem to have stood for centuries undisturbed by fires, storms, or oth er couvulsiou of nature. It is not uuu.-ual to fiud walnut trees w here cuts eighty feet in length, aud four or fiveiu diameter, may be obtained. The samples will be forwardeu to Philadelphia in about three weeks. The Maltron. Nearly midway in Loudon strait, a huge naked rock, which might fairly be called au island, lifts itself above the waters, breasting the conflicting currents caused by the wind and tides. Between this rock and the cape on Muskong is tbe famous mael strom, wbicb fertile imaginations have clothed with many terrors. Its geographical position is such as to expose it to fierce tidal currents, and when these are assisted by high westerly winds, tbey are no doubt t err i die. The bottom of tbe strait is strewn with ' immense bowlders, wbiccb are so arranged as to give the current a spiral motion, directed tow ard tbe isolated rock from the north eru side, which is much increased in times of high tides or storms, when it whirls quite around the islaud rock. Then it is that it becomes really difficult for boats and vessels without steam power to keep clear of the rocks against which the wayward currents would dash tbem. While there are at times vast and powerful eddies, which give objects floating npon them a fearful spiral motion, there is nothing like a vortex produced by a subterranean discharge of the water, although tbe tumbling and boiling character of tbe spiral current may submerge temporarily objects drifting on tbe surface. No doubt in the course of time the action of the water has tended to level down the bed of rocks, some of which, we may presume, showed themselves above tbe surface. This may have made the maelstrom much more terrific than it now is, and Let ter justified the ancient fable. As it is, in ordinary times, and in favorable weather, the fishermen do not hesitate to seek for fares through out these waters, which to strangers are suggestive of the most terrible dangers. The Pfaaet, The planets in this month present some unusually interesting points of observation to those w ho take pleas ure in following tbe movements of these bright wanders among the stars. A noteworthy incident will occur on the 23th. Tbe planet Mercury is then in a favorable position for obser vation. It must be looked for in the southwest about an hoor after sanset, and a little farther north than the point where the sun sank below tbe porizon. It may be lecognized by a peculiar brilliancy, unlike that of any other planet, ana also by its near ness to Saturn, with which it is in conjunction on tbe same evening. At this time the four planets, Mercu ry, Venus, Saturn and Mars, are all visible. Tbe new mron of tbe 26th is also near Venus on the same evening, and tbe slender crescent will add an ad ditional attraction to the planetary picture. The path of tbe new moon lies this month near tbe track of tbe planets, for it is in conjunction, or at tbe nearest point with Murcury and Saturn on tbe zitb, witn enus on tbe 29ib, and with Mars on the 31st. Of tbe remaining larger planets, Lranus is now in good position and may be seen in tbe evening witn a small telescope, wending lis slow way among tbe small stars of Leo, not very far from Regulus. JNeptune is also visible among tbe eyening stars, but cannot be seen without a powerful telescope. Jupi ter reigns alone throughout the month s morning star, rising now about 3:30 and holding the supremacy among tbe stars nntil its light fades away in tbe brighter rays of the ar proacning sun. if - X clergyman of a country village cburch desired to give notice tbat there wonld be no service in tbe after noon, as be was going to officiate for another clergyman. Tbe clerk, as soon as tbe sermon was Gnisned, rose op with all due solemnity, and cried out, "I am requested to give notice tbat there will be no service this af ternoon, as Mr. L. is going fishing with another clergyman." Sew Advertisements. JOHN F. BLYMYEK, DEALER IN Hardware, Iron, Nails, Glass, Paints, OILS, &C The followinjr is a barr'al l.st of P,.nu! oaira iu,,.h,.fJ nnni.-rs. Chisels, i'laue Iron Jzes. tc. Dlack- gnith,J 0o)j Dellow's. Anvils, Vices, Files, Hammers, &c Saddlery Hardware, Tab Tree. Oig S-tddles, Table Knives and Forks, IVi-kei Knives. Scioors, Spoous aud Ilazors, the largest stock in Somerset Comity. Palmer's Goods, a full stock. White Lead, Colored Paint for iustdeaud outside paiuiing. Paints in oil, all colors, Varnisb, Turpentine, Flaxseed Oil, Brushes, Japan Dryer, Walnut Stains, &c. Window UlasS of all sizes and glass cut to auy shape. The besi Coal Oil always on hand. Our stock of Coal Oil Lamps is large and comprises very elegant styles. Ditston's Circular, Mc!y and Cross Cut Saws. Mill Saw Files of thebest quailiy. Porcelain-lined Kettles. Handles of all kinds. NIIOVi:i.S, FOISKK, SlAl3i, ItAKDi, Mattocks, Grub Hoes, Picks, Scythes, SneatLs, Sledges, Mason Hammers, Cast Steel, Step Ladders, Carriage and Tire Bolts ot all sizes. Loookmg Glasses. Wash Boards. Clothes Wringers, Meal Sieves, Door Mats, Baskets, Tubs, Wooden Buckets, Twine, Rope Mop Sticks, Traps, Steelyards, .Meat Cutters ana MuJers, l races, Low Chains. Halter Chains, Shoe, Dust and Scrub Brushes, Horse Brushes, Cur ry Combs aud Cards, Door Locks, Hinges, Screws, Latches and everything in the Builders' line. Caps, Lead, Shot, Powder aud Safety Fuse, Ac., Ac, Tbe fact is, I keep everything that belongs to the Hardware trade. I deal exclusively in this kind of g ds and give my whole atttetition to it. Per sons who are building, or any one in need of anything in my liue, w ill find it to their advantage to give me a call. I w ill always give a reasonable credit to responsible persons. I thank my old customers for their patronage, and hope this season to make many new ones. Don't forget the place No, 3, "BAER'S BLOCK." Apri! 8 '74. JOHN F. BLYMYEU. GOLD AND SILVER PLATING WORKS." BOSAU & FEDDERSON,. PROP'S, Cor. Fifll km ant Ctorj Alley, PITTSBURGH, Pi VoM nJ Silver plating .Une in the hest manner r..n miiriiuini ! h i.riv.ie amla will be remrueJ tiv einrcss. Trice. farnlsheJ on -aiwu. AiUrt.-a all or.ltrrs a. ii).ive. j nuvlT o CD S3 (J) CD o a O O O a rO CD CD t) 4 r- w lflp- CD O X a O O G CO o CD CD T3 S3 SLEIGH OE SKATES, Free for Every Boy. One hours' work will act them. Semi 3 recti tamp to Our Own FircuUe for arlkubr. FIFTH YEAR OF ! OUR OWN FIRESIDE, A LARGE EIGHT PAGE Illustrated Household Journal, It contain tba he.it of Storlen, Fashion New, Cookery for the Kitr-huo. ami all the requisite of a latnlly Litera7 I'aticr. Price with Une Pieoii umtl.lOaycar. Reduced to 50 Cts., WITHOUT PREMIUM, Making- It the cheapest paper pul,li.hcl. Cau TnMere can now terure lance clutw without trou ble. Semi 3 cent (tamp lor tample paper and eir enlajl. AddreM OUR OWN FIRESIDE, Jnl3 ITS William St.. New Yorw- FIRST PRIK T VIENNA EXPOSITION, 1873. Tr- II. BOSKXgTEEL, Manufacturer of niperlor Union Crop Leather And dealer In Bark, Hides, and Plasterers' Hair, JOHNSTOWN, PA. 4 000 rVrtlB ftf nak nrf )tm?nar K.rb antrol Cah paid od delirirry at tho tannery. W"0TICE. IwtlllnEirm the public that lam selhoir lime ateivhteenM a bushel, and will ii.we iH..n dace in exchano for it it dejlred. . CO o o . JOS. W. BEAM. dc Jenoer X Botda, Pa. Sew Advert if ementa. goods m btoci : CirnenfiT's Tools. llame, liuckle, ltiug&, bits and tools. all sizes, Hay Pulleys, Butter Prints, at lowest pri.e Jn l mttsifaetKi uarsn ee.l fomlli?. &.-.. r:m sea I l heir ur l rrt :.y mail, ami Tue r.WcM ou t tet r.ii intcil In.iliiiu' n fun.ti- tnininir a Lusim a eitu-:t!i 1- lit I F & SONS. I'iuSuri-'h, l'a. 1876 WHERE NOW? 1376. To mhmmo .v. on'l health v States: ft he furrm f. tt'Uri.-Mi z WHAT FOR? T.. luty a FAK VI out of i!ie One Million Acres il tine Inrmint lnnf f:r lr tl,t (JKAIt K A flbS At IN ll AX A K, li. SrnnzS.il-. Kea-iy M:rkt. Sure Y i . Srh1?. K. It. run ihnniifh centre ot vruit. , itt!lem.'M.- all li-.n. AH kinf$ f pr-oiu-.-e riii.-nt. FlfiiTT ! wiit. tim!"r ni;l r-nil iir. i:;ntt-ri .t I. Prlre fnm M u lo rv ct r : ne t- lin ti (.., halniHT on i iino . -Stvi lor illustrate-! j itnipMet fuH .-i.-nn1 nirur-. n H- -.-iivir;i t-1. A'Mr"s. U . A. Hi U A !. . ('... in 'r.rR'! l.i? Mi i I'. H. L. 1'MJX'fc.. Sc' l Ivt. C. k & flolrtoi Have now o$ene'l ; A Large and Complete Ass:rtfi:cut of ('noils for Fall and Winter Wear. Thej t.ie ri.aijiljte assortment o' lres.H (no!, Felt .Skirt Hoop Ski r.y, ISusthv. Gloves, iiiun 8aiiIalt And Pelt over Shoes, j ilEX AND E0YS' I Clothing, Boots and Shoes, ; HATS AND CAPS, ! GLOVESj&C. ImierdotLmg .Men arul Women A larg; a rt:cer.t i f HARDWARE OUEENSWARE, Carpets, Oil Cloths, &c. A Urge stock of fine an.l coirsa A. L T Prices as Low as Possib'e. C. & 0. H0LDERIJAU3I, Somerset, Pa. Oct. 33. Pressed Brick, M:i.Ieon the Phila.JelphU principle, e.iualtotho Cny;V?,',.eH ""'"" U-lu superior t'tnnj r R,.,ho c"un'r. Have n -w o hand !.... tM of unllorm color, which I will wll al low rate i"n7i7,"in -Vf "I1" '"' purlieu intending to XAM, Pernio lar,-A,Uum THOS. JIUWKU.. I rsina. Sotursrt County, fa. 'j ZELL'S ! j ENCYCLOPEHIi j . New Revised Edition loO.fw) art tele. jtOou en trravinsc. and ;s pl.-miM .Maps. The KET HOOK ol unircral knowledge in the lanjoinee. Now ia the course of Publication SPECIMEN with map -nt for Wot nt 9. t li.VKER, DAVIS a CO., Philadelphia. deeSj "pXECUTOIVS NOTICE. Estate or Henry D. Snyder, late of Upw-r Tur keyfoot Tp., deeeaied. Ittert testamentary on the above ejtate harlai been (noted to lhe undersiitned by the proper au thority. notice in hereby iriven to those indebted to It to make Immediate payment, ami thore havlnir claims avalndt it to present themdalr authenticat ed for settlement on Saturday. Eebru irr li ik;, at the onV of Aaron Will, Ei., in Ceutre ilia borough. A ARON wrrx. UENKV STKICKOFF, Jani Eecmor. Woolen Machinery Two breakers, thirty Inch Imn frames, with i sided dedrawtng am! stx-di. cores on them and i :.fy- 1VM. JiYnrvw . novo dara. TO. bYKON h SONS. Xew Alcertitements. JiW.PATTON. C. O. HURST . NEW GOODS. THE NEW FIRM OF PATTON & HIST Xo. 4, Iiaer's Block, rr In to;j,( f niK-k ol k.,.. .!rtl to m ihv last ten ii n i mm ilic 11. lit rrlcujf Staples i, i l,..ra,-,ij1.. r,. .nsi.;tl tuolfreiial Ui.iu. itiirnl.. tv ali It want t ' "f n-rj IcxTijui b iii re, h until a.-aiBt 1-tin.l anrwhrre c!-in i-.wi,, ui;'.n.-:i a n- ?IT . ",r;m"nl -1 ' Jf 'a'' flwUl auentii.n to tneir laritc a.?Dr::BvDt i( CALICOES, nit-ac-Leii and UabloacU-d Mu.-l IDS SmilTING. TIC KINO, BOYS AND MENS' HE A VY PA XT STFFFS, in Cottonade. Double and Irish Jeans, .Satinets, Cassimeres, &c., DRKSS COODS, in Plain and Ccrc'cd Alpaccas, Pop lins, Cashmeres, French Merrinoes, 4.C., STATU-: it FANCY NOTIONS HATS Sc CAPS, BOOTS S SHOES, TOBACCO AND CIGARS, The te!a rtmfpt of CarjK tin-s and Oil Cloths -vcr 1 anri ijit nt :t to t..n. A lrsrps.i, k of uiuren cr:i:ii,,l to r U to the time in it ca'.I lr ai th. "' I'""'--, we n- ,-::uliy ...!l. it in r.-.,nt of e tl.,;8 Cook & Beerits' FAMILY GROCER Flour and Feed STORE. ' wouH Lo ,-t rrpert!U!!7 3foUM,- t.. fricn-lJ :in'l the .u! l ic L-etiemliv. iu tho ton vicnityot s,.inrrs-r, th.it we f.ava oo.-nc1 , our XejSiuro on MAIX CROSS STRKE1 Ami in a.:,:it- n to a fell line of tue lfit C'oufectioiterie-t. otiiiA, Tobaccos, C'ljjarw, &v We will en.lean r. at il ilj, in m-noly jur cn tomers witn toe ' BEST QUALITY OF FAMILY FLOTJK, C0RX-31EAL, OATS, SHELL Hit CORX, OATS ,r CORX 'CHOP, P.RAX, MIDDLINGS And evTyth:i;i xeirt at t h rrtai:i;n i the Feci Itej.ar LOWEST POSSIBLE PKICES. CASH OXLY. Al.v, well seieoteJ itoclc cf arc; Stoneware. Woc.lcr.ware. nrnh Glars al kin li, an l STATIONERY Which is will sell chsap as the cheapest. Plfiee:;i. ei.imlro err .! rMI kla-J w .iti.-SM (rota yourownju foment. Vnl f rct where we jtaj Od MAIM CROCS S'rset, tTicr-t f i:t. 'Z. Iju. WIKK & YOUNG, BUTCHERS AND DEALERS, YTI.oiosale aud licfuil, ix ?RESPI MEATS, AI.L KIXUS, SIVH AS BEi r, roi:k .-iutto.n. veal. lamb. SAUSA'JE. PUDDI.Xr. IKH.OC.X.Y AM LARD, CUR OWN RENDERING, Market.lT, Tur.;ay, dav. Thnr!aT. and "ntur. inariu"T5 THE Keystone LIME having completed their LIME KILNS, arc now prepared to Fill all orders for L I .M E Their Lime Is of the iin Lime Stcas Formatlop, laromMy known in other parts of the county ai in I'evk an l Findlay Iinie Stonei. lt quality is osrpaMed, cither fr iBnifc cri to Address all orders ty Keystone Jur.-:!. n, Som erset count;, Pa., TT i T r Keystone Lime Co. w dec2 Johnstown, Pa. D0V.M
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers