2HM OF TI1K 'AJIEKICAJr. ERM9 TWO DOLLARS per una. $i 0 If pU wlthla the ;w. No jpr 4iMonllnud U alt arrearage paid, he. term! will bs sU-totly adheres to hereafter. riubeorihar negleetor refuse take their new. r froa the offio to which the; If directed, they rwpuDiiU until they hm settled th billi and trtd them dicocattnaed. osUnaetert will pleae set as oar Agents, ud ik letter eontalninf subscription money. The permitted to do this ander tbe Pest OBee Law. JOS palKTXHO. e have connected wltk oar establishment a well Mtod JOS OFFICE, which will enable o to Mate, In ths oeatert style, attry variety of isting TF.U.HS of aovk;ktihiu Onesqnsrsof 10 line, onetiuti fl CO Erery lubteqaent Insertion, - ftfi On sqnare, I month, 4 OA Bix months, A tit) One year, 10 00 Executor and Administrators notices J Auditor notieea, ' DO Bnsineas Cardi of J line, poi nnnun:, S S Merchants and other. advertising by the year with the privilege of chaagbg quarterly, follows : One Quarter eolumn. tint avennritn i onm,,.,. ftfl PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY MORNING, BY H. B. MASSjlR & E. WILVERT, SUNBURY, NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENN'A, On half column, not xoediug it squares, Si 09 viio bi.iuiuu, Ml (0V Editorial or local advctinlnir. anv nnmher of in not exceeding ten. 20 onli tor lin 10 iumi fa every additional line. Marriage notice, SO cent. Obituaries or resolution aooompanyiEg notices 9 death., 10 oontj per line. NEW SERIES, VOL. 2, NO. 11. SATURDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 10, 1865. OLD SERIES, VOL. 26, NO. 11. SUIBUBI " . ' : ' ' i 1 1 IMERICAN BALTIMORE LOCK HOSPITAL. ITABLISHKD ASA REFUGE 1011 QUACK' KRV. 'IE ONLY PLACE WHERE A CURS CAN BE OBTAINED. )R. J0I1XST0N bai discovered tho moat Certain, Sredv and only Kffectnal Remedy in the arid for all Private Diaeaaee, Weakneesof theBaok I.imhi. Strictures. Affections of the Kidney, aud adder. Involuntary Discharges, I m potency, Uene (Debility, Nervousness, Dyspepsy, Lang-uor, Low irits, Confusion of Ideas, Palpitation of the Heart, inidity, Tremblings. Diaineaaof Sight or Uiddineas, sease or the Head. Throat, Noae or skin, Affections th. I.Ivor T.unira. Slomaoh or Bowels thoao Terri- l Disorder, ariaing from the 6elitary iUUta of mth thoao secret and solitary practices more raiai k.ir victim, than the sonir of Svren to the Ma ters of Ulysses, blighting their most brilliant hopes anticipations, rendering marriage, an., luipvwi- ' . YOi;SiOJIEJI , pecLTly, eho have become the Tictims of Solitary .1 .ivAtir.il mnA detractive habit which nu'ally sweep to an untimely grave thousands of jung Men ot the tuost exalted laieni. auu oruiiam tellcct, who might otherwise have entranced listen g Semites with tho thunders of eloquence or waked ecstaty the living lyre, may -call with full cou once. Married Persons, -or Young Men contemplating arriugo, being aware of phy.ical weakness, organic djilitv, deformities, 4c.,epoedily cured. Ho who places himaelf under tbecare of Or. J. ay roligioualy confide in his 'honor ae a gentleman, id confidently relv upon his skill ae a Physician. OlIUAMC WEAIUKNS nmediately Cured, and Full Vigor Restored. This Distressing Affection which renders LMe isernble and marriage impossible is the penalty .id by the victims of improper indulgences. Young raons are too apt to commit exceases from not iiijr awnre of the dreadful consoquences that may auo Now, who that understands tho subject will utend to dotty that the power of procreation is lost oner by tboae falling into improper habits than by c-prpdent' Beaidcs being deprived tho plcaaures healthy offspring, the moat serious and destructive mptanis to both body and mind arise. The system icuw m Deranged, the Physical and Mental Kuno jn WeakeneA, Loa of Procreativo Power, Nervous ritability. Dyspepsia, Palpitation of the Heart. idit!Ction, Con.titutiunal Debility, a astlng of e Frame, Cough, Consumption, Decay and Death, illieo, 'o. T Mouth Fredcrlclt Hlroel eft hand sida going from Baltimore street, a few wrs from the corner. Fail sot to obsurve uauie id number. . Letters must be paid and contain a stamp- The octor'a Diplomas huug iu bis office. k IIIEIJ WAItnATED HTHO IK4VN. A Mertvry or Nauitoui Drugt. , Ilt. JOII.-XNTO. tember of the Royal College of Surgeon, Leaden, raduate from one of the most eminent Colleges in to United s)tatea, and the greater part of wtxwe fife as been speut in the hoapitals of Londaa-, Pane, hiladelpbia and elsewhere, has effected enaie of ic most astonishing, cures that wore ever known ; any troubled with rimrinc in the head and ears hen asleep, great nervousness, being al.rened at iddcn sounds, baahfulnesa, with frequent blushing. (tended sometimes with derangement of mind, were ured immediately. VAMiV PAKTHI LAn OXlH. Dr. J. addresses all those wbo have injured them, slvcs by improper indulgence and solitary habits, 'liich ruin both body and mind, unfitting them for ither business, study, society or marriage Tnxae are some of the ami and melancholy effects roduced by early habits of youth, vis: Weakness of He Back and Limbs, Pains in the Head.Dimnecsof !ight, Loss of Muscular Power, Palpitation of the 30art, Dyspepey, Nervous Irritability. Derangement f the Diguetive Functions, Ueneral Debility, Syrup cm. of Consumption, Ac Mektallv-. The fearful effects on the mind are auch to be dreaded Loss of Memory, Confusion or deaa, Dopreaaion of Spirits, Evil-Forebodings, Aver ion to Society, Self-DUtrust, Love of Solitude, 'imidity, Ao are mmrM the evils produced. Thol-saxdr of personeef atlagea eao now judge (hat is the cause of their declining health, losing leir vigor, becoming weak, pale, nervous and naciated, having a singular appearance about tho tos. cough and symptom of oon.umption. 7 VOI .XJ V ho have Injured tbcuisolw hy a certain practice ndulged in ben alone, a habit frequently learned mm evil companions, or at school, the effeota of tiiicb are nightly felt, even when asleep, and if no ured render! marriage impossible, and destroys aiih mind and body, sboalA apply immediately. What a pity that a young man. the hopo of his uuntrr. the darling of his parents, should be snatched rom all pnwpecta nd enjoyments oflifo, by the onifuucnce of deviating from the path of nature .nd indulging in a certain secret habit, (fuch persons IVHt, before contemplatiox jiaukuui:. eflect that a aound miirfd and body are the most leeemary requisites to proBiotc eonnuhial happiness, ndeed without these, tho jowrney through life be omes a weary pilgrimage; the prospect hourly iarkens to the view; the mind becomes shadowed vith despair and filled with the melancholy refleo ion that (he happiness of another becomes blghted wilt) our on n i.ia.i: ami: of uiPHrnran!. When the misguided and imprudent votary of Measure finds that be has imbibed the seeds of this painful disease, it too often happens that an ill-timed leuiio of shstne, "br dread of discovery, deters hwu "rom applying to those who, from education and respectability, can alone befriend bim, delaying till .he constitutional symptoms of this horrid disease make their appearance, such aa ulcerated sore throat, diseased noee, noolurnal pains in the head and UuiU, dimness of sight, AeatneM. nodes on the hiu bones and arms, bluU-lxnoii the ' bead, face and extremities, progressing with lngutlu! rapidity, till at last the palate of the mouth' or the bone of the nose full in, and the victim of th'i awful disease bocomcs a horrid object of commiseration, till death put a period to hi dreodful sufferings, by sending iiim to "that Undiscovered Country from whence no traveller returns." .... . . It if a mrlaurholy fart that thousands fajl victim! to th'u terrible d'uioaise, owing to the un&killfulness of tn)rant pretender, who, by the use of that Veaiilff ..!'oi.o, Mcrrnry, ruin the constitution aud Junk .he renidueof life miserable. rSlK.V4.r.HM Trust not your Hi t. r With, to tbe car. of the i nail y earned aud Vi'orthloss Pretenders, d wtitule t '.Miowiedgo, came or character, who eopy Dr. J.duiston' advoitiat-meiiti', or atyle themselves, in r:be nenuifiapers, regularly Kducated Physicians, i.ii.iapaole ot Curing, they koep you trilling month laftcr month Inking their t lthy and poiaouue com .Munds.or a long as the iual lust fee can be obuiood, rf. Lt a!e!eir, leave-you with exioad health to sujh tjbwr your galling disappointment. tr Johnston is the ouly Physician advertising. -His credential or diploma, always hang in hi office. His remidies or treatement are unknown to all LOlbirs, prepared from a life spent In the great bos litais vtiKurope, the first in the country and a more .Wcnaivo.Vuits Pructtc than any other Physician fin the world. JMtOIDir.UDlXOF TIIKPRENN The mauy touusanu ard X IhUiB'titutinn year :after year, end the numerous sinjairltTl urgieal Operations pertwriued by Dr. ititumthti, iritnimnl hy ttb reporters of the ''Sun," "Clipper," aad auauy .other Duller., notices of which have annearad atraiu and again befure the public beside hi. VHiduig as .a gciiueinaa i euaiKwr anu rMpuuauiiiiiy, .u .uQicient guarantee tuthe attiicled. sui. bimi:ami:m lai'F.iiii.v i iti:i. Person wrkkig sbwiid be partiealar in xllraetlng i their leltoK lohi Institution, in the following maoAer joii.h 9i. joii.sroai, si. i. Ol the Baltimore Lock Hospital, Baltusore, Ud. June U mi I y. JONES HOUSIi Corner Market street ami Maiket Sfluar, HAKKI8BURO, JPA... Acknowledged a rirat Claaa Houae. rpUE Proprietor would aaaat raepeeiijny eall the X attention of the oitisen of Banbury and the sur rounding country, to tbe amxiodationa of hi bouse, assuring them tbey will tad everything that can contribute to tbeir comfort. It is wtuaied far enough from the Depot to avoid the noia and confu. sion incident to railroad statiou, and at she cam time only few minute walk from the same. Ao Omuibu will bo found at the Station ea the ' -arrival eaca train . 0. H. MA FT, Prprltee Apn r, jMi -Sb CLOTHING FOR ALL ! ! AT CONTINENTAL CLOTHING BAZAAR. Corn?! r Market Square 4c Kail Itond hi reel, SUNBURY, PENN'A. JU6T OPENED, FALL A WINTER STOCK OF READY MADE CLOTHING, Of the newest styles, cut by tht best Artists, trimmed and made equal to ouatcm work, aud sold at the lowest price. Whole Bnitajfor 1S. Cavalry Pant for IS. BLANKETS, BEATER CLOTH Varying from f 25 to (40. yien and lloj'is C'lotlilntjfof the best ma terial consisting or Dress Coats, Frock Coats, Sack Coat, PanU, and Vests of various colon and quali ties. GENTLEMEN'S FVRNISHINO GOODS, i'ttch aa Shirts, Over-shirts. Undershirts, Drawers, Collars, Cravats, Neckties, Handkerchiefs, Stockings Sieves, 4c. IIiiim and Caps or nil kinda. WWTS AK1) RtlOES, Gum Shoes. TRUNKS, VA 1.1S1LS, UMBRELLA. TOBACCO A SEGARS, Watelies, JeweV-y. Knnes, Revolvers, and NO TIONS of ail kinds, and numerous other article. The -public are invited to oall and examine bis Stock. ' Remember the place. 'Continental Clothing Store," Corner of Market Square and theK C. K. R. LEVI I1ECUT. Sunbury, Sept. 30, 1865. - J. IIOLMEH CilCOVIlIC, Enamelled Slate Mantel e?l j-r -:i:3Ji'' "WARE-ROOM, 033, CHESTNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA Manufactory Tenth and Samson Streets. T.iblo-Top, Pier-Slab, Bracket, Waah Stand Tops, &c, &c. Philadelphia, Jan 7, lbfli. tf AT TUB EXCELSIOR SHOE STORE WM. H. MIL LEE, HAS just arrived from New York and Philadel phia, with a choice Mock of BOOTS AND SHOES. of the latest styles, and selocted with great care, to suit all, and is determined to ploaaeskll'hi eustomer great and small. If rou want the latest itylea, FANCY, PLAIN, AND DURABLE, go to the 'fixeelaior She Store, aaao paper shoe ar)-M there, and its always cheaper to buy a good articlo at tbe same price (ii to it I to buy a poor one, for Ue has Men Calf Stitched Boot. " Fudged " " " Pegged " and all kind of heavy Boots. LADY'S FANCY AND PLAIN SHOES, high (opal the latest faahion. Children' Fancy and Plain high topped boot of ecery description. BOY'S BOOTS of all kinds and styles, which will be sold as low a can be had anywhere. Call and examine his stock of Boots and Sbeua before you buy ekewhere. No charge made for showing tbem. Will sell Wholesale A Retail. Remember the place, Market Square, Sunbury, Pa. -September a, n&i. To all Lovers of CHEAP GOODS AND ADVOCATES OF ECOXOMYI! t .a. o obToTb e a TZ MERCHANT TAILOR, And Dealer la CLOTHS, CASSIMEUES, VESTING, &c. I-'awn utrtel, tioulla ol Heaver' Ilolrl, S NUBBY, PA. TKPORMS tlie citizens of Sunbury and vicinity, that he has just retiirued from Philadelphia with a fall auortiueLt of A! viti:u omis Of EAty DESCRIPTION AND QUALITY. Hit stock consist of Cloths, French Cloths, Black Doetikin and Fancy Caatimere. Blank Satin. Figured Silks, Plain and Fancy Cossimere YESTlNtiS, which he will make up to order in style to suit tbe taste ol customers, ou iliort : notice, aud the toutt reaauoable term. Any Good not on hand, will be furn!h4 from Philadelphia, by giving two day' notice. tiuud furnished by eustomer will be wade up to order a hereiufor. A be will employ none but experienced workmen, person may rely on getting their work well douo at Li shop. Thankful for the patronage heretofore bellowed, ue reapeetiuity solicits a oonuuuanceoi ui , Sunbury, Sept. ft), 1Mb. toll. K. 1. LL'.lL.i;V, PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON NORTHUMBERLAND. FA. DR. LUMLEY has opened an.offwe in Nortbnm berlanu, aiui oflfr. bit tervice to the people of that fdace and the adjniaing townsLip. Offie next door to Mr. Scott's fells Jbr, where ho canfcund at all hour. Sotthum berlaat Auat it,W. THE NEW YORK OBSERVER, A .tV RRKLY RELI0 IOL'8 AND SECULAR Newspaper .for the Faaaily n4 the -Fireaid, will coxa antiyoii iu t-Oll'JM'I'OI ItTlI YliAB t puhlieaOoa. Jru. to in UUKCU, the WHttTIIUTION, and the UNION, It I calculated to edify and pleat both ULD AND YOUNa. All aeer Mbseribete nain na in advaaoa tor IMi hall have their sunt iiuoiediately entered, and the Observer will be sent u them l atll JuneiHry Vint. rslU J Subasribeaooa, a tbefrae .Bapera will ootoinenec when the name are entered. Sample copies to any addrect free. ' Terma, 14,14 year la advance. SIDNEY B MORHB Jr. A Co., . M oTPttrkJUnr.Fww Votk. JTtrc. , ISSf ftn fcil 'f fUDffl r-i J THE MESSAGE. THE RECOITSTRUCTIOff POLICY. SlaTerjr ! I'orcwcr Abolished. TRAITOKS nirfST ME 'l'llIIJD. SECESSION BRANDED AS TREASON. THE UNION INDISSOLUBLE. PRESENT CONDITION OF TUB COUNTRY. A MASTERLY STATE rAPER. FMne citiztnt of the Scnats and JIou$e of Reprtttntatite : To express gratitude to God, in the name of the people, for the ptesvrvatiou of the United Statoo, is my first duty in addressing you. Our thoughts next revert to the death of the lute President by an act of parricHal treason. The grief tf ,the nation is still fresh ; it (mils some solaoe in the considera-' tion that he lived to i-njoy-thc highest proof of its confidence hy entering on iim wencwed term of the fJhicf Magistracy to which lie hod been elected ; tliat he brought the civil war substantially to a elosc that his loss was deplored in all parts of the Union, and that foreign tiations have rendered justice to his memory. His removal -cast upon .me .a heavier weight of cares than over Jevolwd upon any one of his predecessors. To till my trust 1 need the support and confidence of all who are associated with me in the various departments of Government, and the support and confidence of the peo- i)le. There is but one way in which I can tope to gain their necessary aid ; it is, to stuto with frunkness the principles which guide my conduct, and their application to the efficiency of my labor? will, in a great measure, -depend on your labor und undivi ded approbation. The Union of the United States of Ameri ca was intended 'by its authors to last as long as tho States themselves shall hist. " The Union shall U perpetual" are the words of the Contcderation. "lo torm a more perfect Union." by an ordiuance of tho .people of tlie Lnited Mates, is tlm declared purpose of tho Constitution. The hand of Divine Providence was never more plainly visible in the ufl'uirsof men than in the framing and the adopting of that instrument. It is, be- vond comouriEoti. the greatest event in American history ; and indeed is it not, of all events hi modern timea, tho mow preg nant with consequences for every part of the curtli f - The members of tlie convention which prepared it, brought to their work the ex perience of the confederation, of their seve ral States, and of other republican govern met. t3, old and new; but they needed and they obt lined a wisdom superior to expe rience. And when for its validity it re quired the Spproval of a people that occu pied a large part of a continent, and acted separately in mauy distinct conventions, what is more wonderful than tltat, after earnest contention and long discussion, all feelings and all opinions were ultimately drawn in one way to its support. The Constitution to which life was thus imparted contains within itself ample re sources for its own preservation. It has power to enforce the laws, punish treason, and ensure domestic tranquility. In case of the usurpation of the Government of a Stale by one man, or an oligarchy, it be comes a duty of tbe United States to make good the guarrantee to tuat btate ot a re publican form of government, aud so to maintain the hotnogeneousness of all. Docs tbe lapse uf time reveal defects) A simple mode of amendment is provided in the Constitution itself, so that its condi tions can always be made to conform to the requirements of advancing civilization. No room is allow eleven lor the thought of a possibility of its coutiug to an end. And these powers of self-preservation have al ways been asserted in their complete integ rity by patriotic Chief Magistrates by Jef ferson" and Jackson, nut less than by Wash ington and Mauison. The parting advice of the Father of his Country, while yet President, to the people of the United States, was, that ''the Constitution, wuicli was tlie work of their hands, nii"ht bo sacredly maintained," and the inaugural words of President Jenerson held up "the preserva tion of the General Government, in its con stitutional vigor, as the sheet anchor of our peace at home and satety abroad." I Ho Constitution is the woik of "the People of the United State," and it should bo as in destructible as tho people. It is not strange that the Cramers of the Constitution which bad no model in the past, should not have fully comprehended tho excellence of their own work. Fresh from a struggle against arbitrary power, many patriots suffered from harrussing fears of an absorption of the State Governments by the General Government, and many from a dread that the States would bsesk away from their .orbit. But the very greatness of our couutry should alky the apprehen sion of enen inch meets by lUo General Gov ernment. Tha subjects that coma unques tionably withi it jurisdiction aro so nu merous, that it must ever naturally refuse to be embarrassed by questions that lie be yond it. Were it otherwtlse, the Executive w ould sink beneath the burden: tbe channels of i .justice would be choked ; legislation would be. obstructed Dy. excess ; so tuat mere is a greater temptation to exercise some of the functions of the Geucral Government through the States than to trespass ou thek rightful sphere. The absolute acquiescence in tlie (let ibious oi.tue majority" was, at tue beginning of the .catitury, enforced by Jef ferson "as the vital principle of republics," and the events of the last 'four years have established, we will hope forever, tuat there lie no appeal to force. I be mainte nance ot tiie tnion tiring witu it. uie support of "the State Governments in all tUur right;" but it ta not one oi tue riguts Aif aA7 Jtjtato .Government to renounce Us own placet n tue vnion, orio numiy.uie law vi tlio Luioo. The largest liberty U la Us maintained to the discussion of tie Federal Government; but there is no appeal from it laws, except to the various branches of that Government itself, or to the people, J bo grant to the menilier of thsLeguiUU-veaud ot tue bxeau tive Departments no tenure but a limited one, and In itUat nuumef always retain the power of jodress. . "Tlie sovereignty of the) States" i the language of the Confederacy, and not ' the Uritfuse of tbe Constitution. Tbe Latter contain th,p emphatic word: "TltftCouati tution and tha Jaw of the Uniwd ftutes which shall b made in purauaaco thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be mad under 4b authority of the United Btltw, ibaQ b tto tmpr law ef tha load, and the judge in every State shall be bound thereby, anything in the constitution or laws of any btate to tho contrary notwith standing." Certainly the Government of the United States is a limited Government ; and so is every State Government a limited Govern ment. With' us, this idea of limitation spreads through every form of administra tion, general, State and municipal, and rests on the great distinguishing principle of the recognition of the rights of man. The ancictit republics absorbed the individual in the State, prescribes his religion, and controlled his activity. The American sys tem rest on tho assertion of the equal right of every man to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; to freedom of conscience, to the culture and exercise of all his faculties. As a couscqncncc, the State Govcrument is limited as to the General Government in the interest of the Union, as to the indi vidual citizen in the interest of freedom. States, with proper limitations of power, are essential to the existence of the Consti tution of the United States. At the very' commencement, when wc assumed a place among the Powers of the earth, the Decla ration of Independence wae adopted by States; so also were tho Articles of Confed eration; and when "the People of the United States" ordained and established the Con stitution, it was the assent of the States, one by one, which gave it vitality. In the event, too, .of nuv amendment to the Constitution, the proposition needs the confirmation of States. Without States, ono gteat branch of the legislative government would be wanting. And, if we look beyond tho letter of the Constitution to the character of our country, its capacity for comppehending within its jurisdiction a vast continental empire is due to the system of States. The best security for the perpetual exist ence of the Slates is the "supremo au thority" of thu Constitution of the United States. The perpetuity of the Constitution brings with it the perpetuity of the States, their mutual relation makes us what wc arc, and in our political system their connection is indissoluble. The whole cannot exist without the parts, nor the parts without the whole. Solong as the Constitution of the United Slates endures, the States will en dure ; tbe '-dest ruction of the one is the de struction of tho other ; the preservation of the one is the preservation of the other. I have thus explained my view of tho mutual relations of the Constitution and the States, because they unfold the 'princi ples on which I have sought to noire the momentous questions and overcome the ap palling difficulties that met me at the very commencement of my administration. It line iiecii my steadfast object to escape from the sway of momentary passions and derive a healthy policy from the fundamental and unchanging principles of the Constitution. I found the States suffering from the ef fects of u civil war. Resistance to the Gen eral Government apcared to have exhausted itself. Tlie United States had recovered possession of their forts and arsenals ; and tlieirurmies wcro in the occupation of every State which had attempted to secede. "Whether the territory within tha limits of those States should be held as conquered territory, under military authority emana ting from the President as the head of the army, was the first question, that presented itself for deetskm. Now, military governments, established for an indefinite period, would have offered oa security for the early suppression of dis content; would have divided the people into the vanquishers and the vanquished ; and would have envenomed hatred rather than restored affection. Ono established. no precise Hti.it to their continuance' was conceivable. They would have occa- I sinned an incalculable and exhausting ex- pense. Peaceful emigration, to and from I that portion of the country, is one of the beet means that can be tho'nght of for thu restoration of harmony, and that emigration would huve been prevented ; for what emi grant from abroad, what industrious citizen at home, would place himself willingly under military rulet The chief persons who would have fol lowed in the traiu of the army would have been dependents on the General Government. or men who expected profit from tho miser- ! i r 11 ;.r n. i ies of their erring fellow-citizens. The powers of patronage and rule which would have been exercised, under the President, over a vast and populous, nnd naturally wealthy regiou, are grttcr than, unless wi der cxtnxue necessity, I should be willing to entrust to any one man-; tlaj are such as, for myself, I could never, uuless on occasions of great emergency, consent to exercise. The wilful ruluof such powers, if continue! through a pet iod of years, would have en danirercd the purity of the general adminis tration, and the liberties of the States 'which remained loyal. Besides, the policy of "military rule over a cuiiqurt'd territory would iiave implied that thu States whose inhabitants may have taken part in tho Rebellion, had, by the act of those iuliabftants, ceased to exist. Out the true theory is, that all pretended acts of se cession were, from tho beginning, null and void. ' The States cannot commit trca&on, nor tcreen the individual citizens who may have committed treason, any more than they .can niuke valid treaties or engr.goiu lawnl commerce with any fore'igu Power. The States attempting to secele, plaeud them selves in a condition where thuir vitality was impaired, but not extinguished their functions suspended, but not destroyed. But if any State neglects or refuses to per form its office, there is the more need that the General GoveruiMiiit should maintain all its authority, anal, -oa soon us practicable ruiuuic the exroise of itj functions. Cn this principle I have acted, aud have gradu ally and quietly, and by almost imper ceptible steps sought to restore the, rightful enrgy of the General 'Government ani1 of the titates. To that end, Provisional Gov ernors have been appointed lor the SUUfl, Conventions callud. uovernors eiecteM.e gislatures assembled, and Senatotsuud li-p-resentatives chosen to the Cougressf the tUasitud SuUx Jtblhe same time, the Court of Hie UnHod ritates, a far a could be done, have been reopened, so that the U of the Vniled State mav be enforced through their agency. The blockade has beeu removed aid the custom bouses established in port of entry, to that the -revenue of the Vnitud State may be collected. The Post Office Depart ment renew its ceaseles activity, nd the General Government is thereby enabled to communicate promptly with iu oftiows and agents. Tbe -courts bring securitv to per son and property ; the opening of the poU invite the restoration .of industcy and coot- juerce ; tbe .post office .renews the facilities ui aiicial Intercourse and of business. And la it not haDDV for us all. that th restoration of each era ef these fuaesion of the General Government brings with it a blessing to tho States over which they are extended I Is it not a sure promise of harmony and renewed attachment to the Union that, after all that has happened, the return of the General Government is known only as a beneficence 1 I know veryawell that this policy is at tended with some risk ; that for its success it requires at least the acquiescence of the States which it concerns ; that jt implies an invitation to those States, by renewing their allegiance to the United States, to resume their functions as States of the Union. But it is a risk that must be taken; in the choice of difficulties, it is the smallest risk; and to diminish, and if possible, to remove all dan- ger, I have felt it incumbent on me to assert ono other power of the General Government the power of pardon. As no State can throw a defense over the crime of treason, the power ef pardon is ex clusively vested in the Executive Govern ment of the United States. In exercising that power, I have taken every precaution to connect it with the clearest recognition of the binding force of the laws of the United States, and an unqualified acknowledgment of the great social change of condition in regard to slavery which lias grown out of the war. The next step which I have taken to restore tho constitutional relations of the States, has been an invitation to them to participate in the high office of amending the Constitntinn. Every patriot must with for a general aninc&ty at the ,c wliost epoch consistent with ixiWic afuty. For this great end there is need of a concurrence of all opinions, and .the spirit .of mutual .con ciliation. All parties in tho late terrible conflict must work together in harmony. It is not too much to ask, in tlie name of the whole people, that, on the one side, the plan of restoration shall proceed in con formity with a willingness to cast the disor ders of the past into oblivion ; and that, on the other, the evidence of sincerity in the future iniiintatnancc of tho Union shall be put beyond any doubt by the ratification of the proposed amendment to the Constitution which provides for tho abolition of slavery forever within the limits of our country. So long as the adoption of this amendment is delayed, so long will doubt and jealousy and uncertainty prevail. This is the measure which will ellucc the sad memory of the past; this is the measure which will most certainly call population and capital and security to those parts of the Union that need them most. Indeed, it is not too much ' to u.k of the States which arc now resuming their places in tbe family of tho Union to give this pledge of perpetual loyalty and peace. Until it is done, the past, however much we may desire it, will not be forgotten. The adoption of the'umendmcnt reunites us beyond all power of disruption. It heals the wound that is still so imperfectly closed; it removes slavery, which has so long per plexed and divided the country; it makes of as once more a united people, re newed and strengthened, bound more tbun ever to mutual affection and support. The amendment to the Constitution being adopted, it would remain for the States, whose powers have been so long in abey ance, to assume their places in tho two branches of the National Legislature, and thereby complete tlie -work of restoration. Here it is for you,Jfellow citizens of the Senate, and for you, fellow-citizens of the House of Bepresentntivcs, to judge, each of yon for yourselves, of the elections, returns, ! and qualifications of your own menders. I The full assertion of the powers of tlie. General Government requires the holding of I Circuit Courts of the United States within i the districts where their authority has been interrupted. Iu the present posture of our public nlliiirs, strong objections have been urged to holding those courts in any of the State w here thu Rebellion has existed; and it was ascertained, by inquiry, that the Circuit Court of tbe United States would not bo held within thu District of YirgiuU during the autumn or early winter, nor until Congress should have "an opportunity to consider and act on the whole subject." To your deliberations tho restoration of this brunch of the civil authority of the 1 United States is therefore necessarily refer- fed, with the hope that early provision will 1 .a .,...1.. 1... - .. . : ll : be made for the resumption ot all its f'unc tious. It is manifest that treason, most fhigrant in character, bus been committed. Persons who are charged with its com mission should have fair und impartial trials in the highest civil tribunals of the country, in order that the Constitution and the laws may be fully vindicated ; the truth clearly established and ulhrmed that treason is a crime, that Xruitors should be punished, jmd lie oll'iMkie made infamous; and, at the same time, that the question may be judicially settled, finally and forever, that no State of a-ta own wlil bas the right to renounce its place in the l uion. The relations of the General Gavernuiot towards the four millions of .Inhabitants whom tho war has called into freedom have engaged my most M!rii)oacnr.sidrt,ion. Ou the propriety of attempting to cwko the treeOinen electors by tlie proclamation of the Executive, I took for my counsel the Consti tution itself, the ititerprctationsol that instru ment by its authors and their cotemporaries, and re tint leg'slutiua bv Congress. When, at khe Hist icuveuiott eVuwards independence, the Congress of the Uuiled States iu structed the several States t institute gov ernments of their owu. they left each State to decide for itself tbe conditions for the en joyment of the elective franchise. During the period of the Confederacy, there continued lo exist a vcrygreat diversity in the qualifications of electors in the several States; and even .within a Slate a distinc tion of qualifications prevailed with regard to tha officers w ho ere lo be chosen. 3 '.he Constitution of tha United Statui recogutzes these diversities when it enuuns that, io thu choice of members of thu House of ilepre sectatives of the United States "the electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors ot the most numerous branch f the State Legislature." AftUTths formation .of the Oiutrt-utk)U, it wualued. aa before, the uniform usage -for each Stats to enlarge ,the body of its electors, according to Its own judgmeut; and, under this system, one btate alter auotner has proceeded to increase the number pf its electors until now universal suffrage, or something. very. net it,, is the geuwal rulo. Sojixed waa tbisccbervarton of power in the habit of the people, and so unquestion ed bad been the,ioterpietation of the Cousti tion, that during the ci'il war .the late Presi dent pever harbored tbe purpose certainly never avowed tho jturpost-rof disregarduig it, and in the sets of Congtews, duriujc that period. nothing can be found w hich, during ihecouUnuaBce.af hostilities, much laafter thuir .close, would have sanctioned any psjrttn by tha Kxseotira from a peliey which has ao uniformlv obtained.' Moreover, a concession of the elective franchise to the frccdmen, by act of tbe President of tbe United Slates, must have been extended to all colored men, wherever found, and so must have established a change of suffrage in the Northern, Middle, and Western States, not less than in the South ern and Southwestern. Such an act would have created a new class ot voters, and would have been an assumption of power by tho President which nothing in the Con stitution ot law s of the United States would hare warranted. On the other hand, every danger of con flict is avoided when the settlement of the question is referred to the sevcrul States. nicy can, each for itseir, decide on the measure, and whether it is to be adopted at once and absolutely, or introduced grad ually and with conditions. In my judgment, tho frcedmen, if they show patience and manly virtues, will sooner obtain a partici pation in tho elective franchise-through the States than through the General Govern ment, even if jthad power to intervene. When the tumult of emotions that have been raised by the suddenness of the social change shall have subsided, it may prove that they will receive tho kindliest usage from some of those on whom they have heretofore most closely depended. But while I have no doubt that now, after the close of tho war, it is not competent for the Ueneral Government to extend the elec tive franchise in the several States, it is equal ly clear that good faith requires the security of the freeduien in their liberty and their pro perty, their right to labor, and their right claim the just return of their labor. I cannot too strongly urge a dispassionate treatment of this subject, which should be carefully kept aloof from all party strife. Wo must equally avoid hasty assumptions of any natural impossibility for the two races to live side by side, in a stnte of mutual benefit and good will. Tho experiment in volves us in no inconsistency; let ns then, go and make that experiment in good faith, and not be too easily disheartened. The country is in need of labor, and the frecdmen are in need of employment, cul ture and protection. While their right of voluntary migration and expatriation is riot to be questionetl, I would not advise their forced removal and colonization. Let us rather encouarge them to bonor'-leand use ful industry, where it may be Uoneticial to themselves and to the country: and. instead of hasty anticipations of tlifi certainty of fairly unwillingness to work, so long as a doubt remains noout ins freedom of choice in his pursuits, and the certainty of his recovering uib suuuiaiuu wiigea. !n this the interests of the employer snd the employed coincide. The employer de sires in bis workmen spirit antl alacrity, and these can be permanently secured in do other way. And if the one ought to be able to enforce the contrant. so omdit the other. The public interest will be best promoted if me several states win provide adequate protection and remedies for the freedmcn. Until this is in some way accomplished, there is no chance for the advantageous use of their labor; and the blame of Ul-succcss will not rest on them. I know that sincere philanthropy is earn est for the immediate realization of its re motest aims; but time is always an element in reform. It is one of the greatest acta on record to havo brought four millions of peo ple into freedom. The career of free in dustry must he fuirly opened to thea; and then their future prosperity and .condition must, after all, rest nuliuly on themselves. If they fail, sod so perish away, let na be careful that the failure shall not be attributa ble to any denial of justice, la all that re lates to the destiny ot tho frcedmen, we need not be too anxious to read the future; many incidents which, ttom a speculative point of view, might raise oUrm, will quiut ly settle themselves. Now that slavery is at an end or near its end, tho greatness of Its-evil; in the point of view ot putmc er.onuicy, becomes more and more apparent, fshm-ry was essentially a monopoly of labor, and as such locked the States w here it prevailed against the incom ing of free industry. Where labor was tbe property of tue.capitalist, the white man v. us excluded from employment, or had but the second best chance of finding jt, and the foreign emigrant turned away from the re gion where his condition wuul be so pre carious. With the destruction of tho monopoly, free lubor w ill hasten from all parts of tlie civilized world to ussist in developing va rious and immeasurable resources which have hitherto lcin dormant. Tho eight or nine States nearest the Gulf of Mexico have a soil of exuberant fertility, a climatii friendly to long iife, suU can sus tain a denser populatiou than is found as jet in any part ol our country. And the future influx of population to them will be mainly from 'the North, or from the most cultivated nations in Kuroi, From the surtcHiHt that have attended them during our lute struggle, let us look sway to tbe future, iiiiuiu is sure to be laden for tbsra with greater prosperity, than has ewtr before been known. The removal of the monopoly of slave lubor is a pledge that those regions will bu petiphid by a numerous and eu terr orising population, which will vie with any in the Union .iu compacted, inventive genius, wealth and industry. Our Government springs front snd was mado for the peoplt, not tbo people for the Govcrument. To them it owe allegiance; from them it must derive its courage, strength and wisdom. But, while ths Gov .oroment is bound to defer to the people.from whom U .tUiuvus its existence, it should, tram tha veyuiuiideration of its origin, be strong id its porer of reactance to tUS es nwnt pfiueualitlvg. Monopolies, .perpetui ties, and class legislation are contrary Jo, ths genius uf ftca government, and ougU not ta be allowed. Here there is no room for aeuarcd classes. ox inoaopolies; tlie principle of cur Government1 is that oegullspd freedom of indtatf . ' Whenever monopoly attains a iiotbj it is sure to be s source of danger, discord nd trouble. We shsll but fulfil our dutieaas legislators by accordiug "equal snd ext i. , ,r. .11 men." soeci' jifivileges t untie. The Government is subordinate ta the people; but as tbe vment. ,tivf the people "'""he htld superior ltt. imuopolie in themselves, Qigbt uw to l panted, and wbtob, wborethey exist, must b sutwrdinsta and yield ti the Government Hlllirf I I'T innm ,.1 f 1 li r, .. .. - n n . . . I. - I ui,. ..t .1. ... . rri " , I oi June last, ine total numiornr punsiojiers tiE f "pcnnient. The change WM goga reqrin,, for their annua pav, n their condition is the substitution of ttcluVi of exoenses , the sum of tfl loaaffi a ue iii'i-Miiicn cannot lajriv ue accused ot I Tha commerce smoog -s " " --'d aud disa"d ollicets and sold w. right to igi astern ,f th country la a rat Stats. 1 jYkV VivW 'S$li liuftt to It Lono, and BiiBtnne i , ,rity, Mi h,ij utwuid tA merce should be free and unobstiuctct). Xo, State can bo justified in any device to tax the transit of travel nnd commerce 'between f ,B,CS- The position of many States is such that, If they were allowed to takeadtntago of it for purposes of local revenue, the coin merce between States might be . Injuriously burdened, or even virtually prohibited. H it best, while the country is still young, and wlule the tendency to dangerous monopo lies of this kind is still feeble, tu' usa tho power of Congress so as to prevent any selfish impediment to tho frcp circulation of men and merchandise, A tax on travel nnd merchandise, in their transit, constitutes one of tho worst form of nionopoh. nnd the evil is increased if coupled w ith a'dcal of tho choice of route. When thevmt pttei.t of our country it considered, it is plain that every obstacle to the free circulation of com merce between the States ought to be Btemjy guarded against by appropriate legislation, within the limits of the Constitution. T;e report of tho Secretary of Vie Interior explains tho condition of the public lumir, tha transactions of the Patent OiDco and the Pension Bureau, th management of our Indian afTrirs, the progress made iu the con struction of tho Pacific ltailroad, and furnishes information in refereuce to niaticis of local interest in the pistricjt of Columbia. It also presents evidence of tho successful operation of the Homestead Act, under the provisions of which 1,100,533 acres of tho publio lands were entered durjrg t.ho rt8t fiscal year mors Ihaa one-fourth of tho whole number of acres sold or otherwise dis posed of during that period. It Is estimated jhat the receipts derjved from this source are suflicicnt lo cover the expenses incident to tho survey and disposal of the lauds entered under this Act, and that payments in cash to the extent of from forty to fifty per cent.Vill be mado by settlers, who my thus at any time acquire title be fore the expu-ation of the Dojfod at which it would otherwise vest. The Homestead policy was established only after long and earnest resistance; experience proves it wisdom. The lands, in the hands of indus trious settlers, whose lubor creates wealth and contributes to the p.u,blic resources, are worm more to tue United States than if they had been reserved as a solitude for future purchasers.' The lamentable evt.nfs of the last four years, and tha sacrifice made by the gallant men of our Army and Navy, have swelled the records of the Pension Bureau to an unprecedented extent. On the gOth day allowed since that date will require a large tuwo ui i iim amount, ior tne next nscat year. The means for the payment of ths stipends due under existing laws, to our disabled soldiers and sailors, and .to tb families of ucb as have perished in tlie Rer vice.of the country, will no doubt lie cheer fully and urusnpCy granted. A grateful people w.ili not hesitate to sanction any measures having for their object the relief of soldiers mutilated and families mad fatherless in the efforts to preserve our na tional existence. The Report of the Postmaster-General pr seuts an encouraging exhibit of the opera tions of the Post Office Department during the year. The revenues ot the past year from the loyal States alone exceeded the .maximum annual receipts fVouijiliihe State previous to the Rebellion, in the .sum of $0,038,001; and the annual average increase of reveoue during the last four years, com pared with the revenuea-of Uwour year immediately proceeding the Rebellion, was $3,333,843. The revenues of tbe lat fiscal year amounted to $14.55(1,158, and the expendi turcs to $13,004,728, leaving a surplus of receipts o.yer .expenditures of $801,430. Progress has been inadeinrcstvring.the pes tal service in the Southern States. The views presented b.Uje Postmaster General against the policy of granting subsidies to .uceftn snd mail steamship lines upon estab lished routes, and in lavor ot coutuiuing ths jirvscnt ayaieui, wiucu tun ng cue compensa tion for ocean service to the tosisge earnings. are recommended to tbe careful consideration ot Congress. It apuears, from the report of th 8ecretarv of the Navy, that while, at the commence ment of the present vcar. there were in com mission 580 vessels ofalt classes and decr!; tions, armed with 8000 guns and manned by oi.uuu men, tue nuuiuer or vessels at present iu commission is 117, with 830 guus and 18,128 men. By this prompt reduction of tha naval forces the expenses of the Govern ment have beeu largely diminished, aud a nuriibur of Vessels, purchased for naval pur poses from the merchant mariuu, have I "-co returned to tbe peaocfui prsui UI corn nyjrcc. giiioe the suppression of active hostilities our foreign squadrons have been .re-established, and consist of vessels much more etBcient tliuu those employed on similar service pre vious to -the Rubilliun. The suggestlop tor the enlargement ot the nsvy jarns, and especially for the establishment of ope in fresh water for iron-clad vessels, is deserving of consideration, as is also the recouiincuda tiob for a different location and more auipis grounds for the Naval Academy. Iu the repoct.pt the becretary or War, a general summsvy is given pf the military campaign of 1804 and JW5, spiling in tha suppression ot armed fusistance -to the pa tiopal authority is .the insurgent tate. Tlie operations of the general administrative; bureaus ci tne War iepartuient during tue past year are detailed, and an estimate uisde of the appropriations that will be required for military purposes in the, fiscal year com,. tuencmg tue bqiu Cay pf June, istie. I he national military force on the 1st cf May, 1803, numbered J ,000,5 18 men. It is pro posed to reduce the military establishment to s peace footing, comprehending hy thou sand troops of ail arms, wgoiz4 jto as to admit of an enlargement by tjwug up ths ranks to ekditv-two thousand six liundred. : if ths circumstances of til country should require so apgnieuUUoa or tue army. The vplustecr farce os already been re duced by -Uit ttischaiKS front sorviae of over eight hundred tlixusand troops nd the Department it proceeding rapidly iu the work of further reduction. TU war e.w Piates sre reduced from $51 8,240 JL81 to 814.4IM, which ftmouut, in tbt opiuiou of the Department, as adequate for peace establishment. The measures of rctreuch pient in each bureau snd brao?e of the er vice enlyiH a diligeut economy worthy of coaimuuissdon. Ik&reiv is also muds fa th report to the necest'ty of providing for a. uniform militia sj'lera, pd to the pro- irtetv of Disking suiuoje provision for
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