r mm nwm NEW SERIES, VOL. 14, NO. 11. SUNBURY, NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY, PA. SATURDAY, JUNE 8, 1801. OLD SERIES, VOL. 22. NO 3 Tho Sunbury American. PUBLISHED EVERY 6ATURDAY BY H. B. MASSES, Market Squart, Sunbury, rtnna. TKRMSOF SUBUCRirilOH. TWO llOLbAR per annnm tor paid hairyenr. y mrtv,,". No rr discontinued nnt.l all arrearage. rer'- TOCLUB8: Thr Copies to one address ' ' ' J J Reveu , do. do. - Fift.cn do. do. W riTOdolliiriin.dT.nM will p7 for three year's sub sraintion to the American, to.tma.ter. will pleaseact a. out Ami's, and franli I ltaramiiMiiilng .ulneription money. Iney are nennii 1 tad to do thi. unUet the l'o.t Office Law. TERMOFABVBIUI. One Sqnare of 19 lines' 3 times, " 22 Kvery.ob.e,ucnt in.ertion, j" One I'qunre, 3 month., " ? m Bn month., . . 8 (10 One year, Bn.ineMCoril.orFivelin,pimurn, Merchants and other., artve-ti.uis- by the veer, with the privilegeof inciting J.:ferentadv- tisement. weekly. , iy Largci Advertisements, a. per agreement. JOBPniNTXNO- We have connected with our eftahli.hmeiit well sc ire led JOB OFFICE, which will enable us to execute in the neatest tyle, every vaiie.tv of printing. i .ii . ; I ' H. B. MA3SEP.., ATTORNEY AT LAW, SUNBURV, PA. Business attended to in the Counties of Nor aumberland, Union, Lycoming Montour and Columbia. Reference! in Philadelphia . Hon. .Inh R.Tvsnn. Chas. GIMns,F.sq Somen ft. Sii'idgras., Linn Smith . Co CHARLES Iff AT THEWS OUtov nnj at atu, No. 12S nroaihTAT, Sew York. Will carefully attend to Collection, and all other matter ntruRtril to hi. care. Mnviil. l&a. FRANKLIN HOUSE, REBtTILT AND REFURNISH KD, Cor. nf Howard and Franllin Streets, a few Sifliares West of the N. C. R. R. Depot, BALTIMOKB- PsilMS, l PER DaT (V. LEISENRING, Proprietor, July 18, 1?59. tf From Selin. Grove, l"a. WILLIAM K. SOMIBS CHALKLKT BOMEMS" G. SOMERS & SON, Importers and Dealers in Cloths, Cassimeres, Vestings, Taylors Trimmings, &c, No 32 South Fourth Street, between Market and Chcsnut Streets, Philadelphia. Merchants others visiting the city would find it to their advantage to giv them a call and ex jmine their stock. March 10. I860 HARDWARE ! HARDWARE ! ! TfUST received by A. W. FISHER, at his $ Drug Store, Sunbury, Pa., m SCOOPS. SHOVELS, FORKS, LOG CHAINS, MILL S,4VS, CROSS. CUT SAWS. Also, .Screws, Butts, Door Knobs, Thumb Latched, and all hardware necessary for building. A splendid I it of pocket and table cutlery, Scis ors, Uerman feilver Spoons. Looking Classes. A large stock of Looking Classes, received and for sale by A. W. FISHER. Sunbury, July 17, 1S5R. J. P. SHINDEL GOBIN, Attorney j Counsellor at Law WILL attend faithfully to the collection of claims and all professional business in the counties of Northumberland, Montour, Union and Snyder, ounsel given in the German language. Ollice one door east of the Prothonotary's office. Simbury, May 86, I860. ly EINTERNATIONAL HOTEL, BROADWAY, CORNER OF FRANKLIN STREET NEW TOBK CITY, ITcrs inducements to Merchants d Tourists visiting ew York, uiwurpunwd by any Hotel ill the Metropolis, t'he following are umong the advantage, which it posses ses, and which will bo appreciated by all traveler.. st. A central location, convenient to place, of buaineu, l. well as place, of amusement. , . . . ad Scrupulously clenn, well furnished .itiing rooms, .villi a magnificent Untie, l'uilor, coinmaiiduig uu exten sive view of Broadway ... . , 3il l.are;e n.d superbly furnished sitting rooms, with a magnificat l'arlor, commanding an extensive view of UiiHidwuy. . 4ih Heine conducted on the European plan, visitors can live in the bent .tyle, with the greaie.t econon.y 6th. It i. connected with Taslor's Celebrated Saloons, whoro vii itom can have their meal., or, if they desire they will b: furnished in their own room.. tith The fa;e seived in the Saloon, and Hotel i. ac knowledued by epicuie., to be vastly superior to that of buy other Il"tcl in the city. . With all ihe.e adtanuiges, the cost of living in the lutcrnutiuiial, is much below that of any other first clans lintel. GILSON Jr, CO., Proprietor.. August 4, tSOO. ly SPALDING'S rrenareil Glue, and Shelleys Mucilage Price per bottle and brush 45 cents. ' Cordial Elixir uf Calisaya Bark 1 Uenzine.for removing B'C',8'!' FOR 8 VLB AT THIS OFFICE. Bunbury, March J7 1600. A NEW LOT OF HARDWARE & SAD. DLERY. AUo, the best assortment of Iror Kails and Steel to be found in the county, at the Mammoth store of FR1LJNU i Git ANT. Kunbury, June 2, 1860. SKELETON" SKIRTS A T tha Mammoth Store will be found very large BSBortment of Skeleton Skirts from soveo boons up to tniriy. Oct. 6, I860. Fill LIN Q& OR A NT. Kerosene Lninpo. A VERY LARGE and cheap assortment will be found at the Mammoth Store or Dec. 15, 1800. FRILINU & GRANT. II 0! YE LOVERS OF SOUP! Afresh sunnlv of Macaroni and uonlectionery at ' ' null IVH A CD kKT'H Sunbury, June 2, I860. IT is important to the LADIES to know that Friling & Grant, Have me Desi ana largest assortment of Dress Goods in the county. Sunbury, June 2, 1860. 4 FRESH 8UPPLY OF DRUGS at the M.mmnlh kin,. Alan a MM ti nf DAr. fumery, Soaps and Fancy Article. Very cheap. FRILINU & GRANT. Sunbury, May 26,1800. I JATBNT BR1TTANIA STOPPERS Jb par uukueti iui uio vj H. B MAS8ER. AR Iron, Steel, Nails, Picks, Grub-Hoes and Masoo Hammers, at low prices. BRIGHT BON SunUiry, June , 18fl. Select IJflclru UNFURL THE GLORIOUS BAN NER. Unfurl tbe glorious banner, Let It sway npon the breezn, The emblem or our country's pride, On land, and on the seas The emblem of onr liberty, Borne proudly in tbe wars, The bope of eveiy freeman, Tbe gleaming Stripes end Stars. Tbe glotioos band of patriots Who gave the Flag its birtb, Have writ with steel in history, The record of its worth ; . From East to West, from sea to sea, From pole to tropic sun, Will eyes grow bright, and hearts throb high At tbe name of Washington. Ab proudly should We bear It, And guard this flag of ours, Borne bravely In its infancy, Amid tbe darker hours 1 Only the brave may bear it, A guardian it shall be, For those who well have won Tbe right to boast of liberty. Tbe meteor Flag of Seventy six, Iong may it wave in pride, To tell tbe world bow nobly The patriot fathers died ; Wben from tbe shadows of their night Outburst the brilliant sun, It bathed in light tbe Stripes and Stars, An lo ! tbe field was woo. A WINTER IN RUSSIA A FRO ZEN NATION. Frobably horseflesh is difficult to dicest : for every day, after each meal, tbe Tartars would spend three or four hours sitting or lying down on tbe stone bench in front of tleir dwelling, and Immediately opposite my windows, lo tbe early part of September tbe bench did not ocenpy altogether more than four or five hours of their time, and by me tniauie oi ttie montn tney bad nearly abandoned it. One morning about that pe riod, 1 observed a little puddle in tbe street with ice on tbe top, and from that day the Tartars took to digesting tbeir horseflesh in doors. Then, to my alarm, one of them came ont again with a fur coat, or shoubn, which be began to brush with macb care, as though be expected before long to have use for it. A few days afterwards, I saw a sledge being conveyed aleng tbe slreot on tbe too of a cart laden with firewood. This produced tbe same sort of impression npon me that I ex perienced in Paris ou tbe 3d of December, wuen, beiore tne bring bad commenced, 1 saw a party of soldiers marchiug in tbe direction of the boulevard in charge of very significant brancards. I be next morning there was a fall of snow : and tbe cream was brought in from tbe country wrapped carefully round with matting to prevent us freezing. Hundreds ot cab bages and tbausands of potatoes, similarly proiecieo, were partuaseu ana stowed away. Furlongs of wood (in Russia wood is sold by the foot) were laid up in tbe court yard ; an inspector of stoves arrived to see that every peitnhka was in proper woiking order, and an examiner uuc Iittei-in or windows was sum moned to adjust tbe usual extra sash. At ast tbe windows had been made fast, each pane being at the same time repnttied into us irame. un tne window-sill, in tbe space between the outer and inner panes, was something resembling a long deep line of snow, which was, however, merely a mass of cotton wool placed tbere as an additional protection againBt the external air. Indeed, the winds of the Russian winter bave such powers of penetration that, in a room guarded by triple windows, besides shutters closed with the greatest exactness, 1 have seen the curtains slightly agitated wben the bowling outside was Bomewbat loader than usual. "Tbe wind." says Ure gorovitcb, in bis "Winter's Tale," "howls like a dog ; and like a dog will bite tbe feet and calves of those who have not duly provided tbemseives witn lur goloshes and doubly-tbick pantaloons." Such a wlud must not be suf fered to intrude into any bouse intended to be habitable. Besides tbe cotton wool, which is a special provision against draughts, tbe space between tbe two sashes is usually aaorneo wuu nruucmi nowers; iqoeed, tbe foudness of tbe Russians for Sowers and green leaves during tbe winter is remarkable. Tbe corridors are converted iuto greenhouses by means oi ireuis-worK covered with creepers. Tbe windows of many of tbe apartments are encircled by evergteens, and iu drawing-rooms Uower-stauds rorm toe principal ornaments. At the Bame time enormous sums are paid for bouquets from tbe hothouses which abound in both tbe capitals. Doubtless tbe long winters have some share in the production of this passion for flowers and green plants, just as love of country is increased by exile and I five of liberty by imprisonment. There are generally at least two heavy snowstorms by way of warning before winter fairly commen ces its reign. Tbe first fall of snow thaws perhaps a few days afterwards, tbe second , in about a week, tbe third in five months.' If a lady drops ber bracolet or brooch in tbe street during tbe period of this third fall, she need not trouble herself to put out handbills ouering a reward tor its discovery, at all events before tbe spring ; for it will be pre' served in its hiding place, as well as ice can preserve it, nnta about tbe middle or April, wben, if tbe amount of tbe reward be greater tban the valne of tbe article lost, it will, in all probability, be restored to ber. Tbe Russians put on tbeir furs at tbe first signs of winter, and tbe sledges make their appearauce in tbe streets as soon as tbe snow is an inch or two thick. Of course at such a time a sledge is far frota possessing any auvamage ovur a carriage on wneels ; but tbe Russians welcome tbeir appearance with so mucn enthusiasm, I bat tba brst aledge' drivers are sure of excellent receipts for several days. Tbe droskies disappear ona by one with tbe black mad of autumn and by the time tbe gilt cupolas of tbe churches and tbe red and green roofs of tbe booses bave been mad whiter than tbeir own walls, tbe city swarms with sledges. It is not however, until near Christmas, wben tbe "frost of St. Nicholas" sets in, that tbey are seen in all tbeir glory. The earlier frosts of October and November may or may not be attended to witboot any very uaogaroos results en suing; but wben the frigid St. Nicholas muket bis appearance staying tba most rapid currents, forming bridges over tbe broadest rivers and converting seas into de setts of ice thru l.U.-t (rum bis breath, 'f i . not properly guarded against, may f prove fatal. 11 owever, foreigners alone are afraid of him. He Is the Russian's best friend. Of the Russian peasant be Is cot only tba patron-saint, bnt also tbo real benefactor. lie Is tbe greatest engineer in tba country, and does more In tbe department of roads and bridges in a single night than tba notori-J ous xvieniumicoui uiu in me nuuie uuursu ui bis ministry. But when bo approaches yon, you must not go ont to meet him otherwise tban in a garment of fur, or tbe disrespect may be visited npon you witb severity. This is the sole return be requires for his services in enabling yon to receive tbe veal of Arch angel and tbe beef of Steppes, which can Only be transported in the winter along bis excellent roads. The year I was id Moscow, St. Nicholas was nearly false to bis devotees. The winter appeared to bave set in for a continuance in November, and .provisions were beginning to arrive from tbe country, when suddenly tbere was a tbaw, and soon afterwards tbe smaller rivers, which as tbey freeze tbe first, are also the first to break np, were pronounced unsafe. Accordingly, the peasants on arriving with their sledges at tbe Oka, distant about twenty miles from Moscow, waited oo its banks before risking their precious lives, and, what was more important, their valuable provis ions, on its treacherous ice. As the tbaw continued, thetiver became in some places quite impassable, and tbe peasants fonnd themselves in this dilemma : if they attempted to cross the Oka, tbey and tbe contents of tbeir sledges might be lost together ; but if they remained where tbey were, tbe poultry and meat which tbey bad intended to convey to Moscow, would inevitably spoil, and they would have to teturn home without provis ions and witbont money. Now the peasants on their road to the Moscow markets, take their meals at the wayside inns on credit, and pay as tbey go home, after tbey bave effected a sale ; so that to return without money was out of the questioo. Accordingly, rustici expectaverunt, and in this case, with some reason ; for though it was beginning to flow, tbe river was certainly not destined to roll on in omne volubilis oevum. In tbe midst of the difficulty, like tbe devil in a German legend, a Jew appeared on tbe banks of tbe Oka. Tbe provisions were still sound, and tbe Oka, though now nearly free from ice, might be converted into a bard road almost in a single night. At all events, if the frost once recommenced, the provisions were safe; and a Jew can always wait for bis money, if by a few days' delay it will become tripled and quadrupled. Accordingly tbe Hebrew offered some sort of pottage on the spot for tbe right of takiug all the sledges witb tbeir contents to tbe Moscow markets as ston as an opportunity presented itself. Whether be also offered something to St. Nicholas is unknown ; but that night tbe mercury fell, tbe next morning tbe ground was covered witb snow, and before evening -the Oka was again a road, and tbe sledges on tbeir way to tbe "Jt rozeo Market of Mos. cow, where tbey arrived just in time for the Nikolski fate. Tbe Frozen Market is one of tbe most curious in Moscowwhich abonnds in markets of a curious kind. There is tbe market for Che hiring of domestio servants ; tbe horse market, beloved by gipsies ; tbe market for earthen pots, and the market for wTtoden pails. Tbere is tbe fruit market, especially , pleasing to foreigners from its delicious water melons in tbe autumn, and its admirable frozen apples, like apple-ice, in Uie winter. There is the hay market, where, besides the bay, cream, batter, eggs, and all kinds of farm produce are exposed for Bale. There is the market of tbe Soukbareff Tower, for tbe sale of furniture, clotbs, sledges, tea-urns, screw, drivers, rusty-nails, second hand books, and especially stray numbers ot tbe Russian Messenger, the Contemporary, tbe National Annals, the Muscovite, and other ingenious reviews. Then there is tbe market for odori ferous sheepskins and moth-eaten shoubas, vamped up winter boots, bage. loather glovea, shaped like baby's mittend, Cossack and Circassian caps, felt goloshes, caftans, and girdles, to say nothing of fish-pies, salted cucumbers, boiled liver, raspberry kvasn, black bread, and other "delicacies of tbe seasoo," for buyers and sellers ; a market whose popular and emphatic name is "Lousu Market," and where you may have your hand kerchief stolen from you at one end and offered to you for sale at tbe other. Hut none of these markets are so strikingly Russian as the Frozen Market. It is not until the fete of St. Nicholas or later still, the. week between Christmas and tbe new year that this strange exhibition is to be seen in all its glory. By that tioio tbe severe period of winter has fairly sat in. Tbe sol diers, tall, stalwart men, are wearing tbeir long grey coats over tbeir heavy knapsacks, which bulge out and make them look like so many hunchbacks ; while tbe broad black bandages which protect tbeir ears and cheeks give them the appearance of persons suffering from toothache. Tbe cold has, indeed, had some effect upon them ; for as tbey march in from tbe country their raw faces are as red as beef, and tbeir frozen moustaches as white as horseradish, hvery moujtk, with bis long and literally snow-white beard, looks like an, allegorical figure of winter. The blackest borses are now piebald, thank? to tbe boar-frost which has decorated tbeir sides, while tbe congelation of tbeir breath ronnd tbe long hairs that project horn tbeir nostrils, adds to the peculiarity of tbeir ap pearance, and furuisbes tbe-m witb a Bet of spikes such as calves wear in weaning-time. out although tbe drivers and borses of tbe sledges, as they burry towards tbe market place, lorm a by no means nniuteresting part of the exhibition, tbeir loads, when taken out and arranged witb a view to sale, present a picture wbicb is lar more stnkiog. no one side you see a collection of frozen sheep stiff, ghastly objects some poised on tbeir noo-s like tbe wooden animals in a cbiid s 'Noah's Ark;" others on tbeir aides, witb tbeir legs projecting exactly at rigbt angles to tbeir bodies ; others, again, on tbeir backs witb tbeir leet in tbe air alter tbe manner or inverted tables. The oxen are only less grotesque from having been cleft down the back an operation which seems to take them J out of tbe category or oxen and place tbem in that of beef. Tbe pigs are drawn up in a line againBt a wall, standing on their iiiud legs, witb their fore feet extended above tbeir beads, in an attitude of exhortation. Among the poultry and game, tbe bares are especially remarkable, from the fact tbat their fur, wbicb through tbe summer is either brown or gray, has at tba approach of win ter, turned completely white a provision of nature which enables the Russian and Siberi an bare to travel through tbe sno in quest ot food witb a certain amount of impunity, though it never fails to be represented at tbe wiuter margeis oi Moscow and St. 1'eters burg. Tbe partridges, quails, grouse, heath cocks, woodbens, &c, are lying together in a frozen mass t and by tbeir side are tba ducks and geese, with outstretched necks, so stiff and straight tnatyoa mtgbt take oca of these l. jil e birds by the bill, and, using it as bludgeon, knock your enemy down with tbe body. Tbe fowls bave been plucked, plunged into cold water, and left to freze. Thus tbey are completely eocased ia ice, and in tbat condition will 4eep for any time. Frnm the Bellefcmte Watchman Correspondence from the Oil Region. Mr. Editor t An I have seen several distor ted and very incorrect accounts of the recent fire and lose of life in the Oil Regions, and as a cr. rect and full discription of that terrible caustialitv has not yet been published, I have concluded to send you one which you one may either commit to tbe flame of your columns as suits your hu mor. In order that your "reader may fully under stand it, it will be necessary to briefly desci be an oil well. The mode of making these differ in different localities, in depends on the nature of the earth which ia to be penetrated in reaching the rock. In some sections the rock in usually reached by digging, but on Oil Creek it is cove.cd by a very deep deposit of alluvia, which is so tilled with water as to render digging impossible. Thoy therefore, are compelled to drive iron pipes of 5 or 6 inch calibre to the rock. In some instances they have been driven 100 feet, but usually from 30 t CO feet. When the rnck is reached and the pipe firmly driven into it, drilling commences and ia carried on until "oil is struck," or a fissure containing it is found, when the gas which always accompanies It, throws it out with great violence and with pulsations as regular as those of the human heart when the body is at rest. This discharge frequently con tines until eulficicnt oil is discharged to pay all expenses, and has given rise to those absurd stories of fabulous yields of oil which one frequently sees in print. Often it has "blown out" a pump Is j(Mrled, werkod with steam, and the product which at first was perhaps 100 barrels per day, diminish to 5, 10 or IS bar rels per 24 hours. The land upon which this well is lecated, be longs to ex 'Representative Rouse and Mitchel, and is covered with oil wells at intervals of 6 or 8 rods. They were drilling it and had leached the depth of 330 feet, which a vein was "struck," which threw up oil and gas In far greater quanti' tics than had yet been seen. It discharged a column the full sfzeof the pipe, 18 inches, with such force as to raise it ISO feet in the air, and the quantity of gas which is identical with that used in lighting cities, was so great as to be dis tinctly visible. The evening was calm, and it therefore became exceedingly dense in the neigh, borhood of the well, and in thrco quarters of an fcour it had apparently diffused itself through the phole, as about that period it ignited and explod ed with a report louder than the heaviest artillery, and with a shock that shook the earth for miles around. Then followed a scene which entirely beggars description. The ground near the well was full of cavities containing oil, so that it stood knee deep over most of the surface. Wben re cently pOmped it contains a large percentage of a volatile explosive and very inllatnmable liquid called bepzole or benzine. Within and surround ed by this mass of inflammable matter, were Mr. House and a number of then, some engaged in barreling oil, while others were attracted by cu riosity. All these simultaneously with the ex plosion were enveloped with, and several appa rently instantly killed by? tltn. explosion, and others made their way out of the fire with tbeir clothing saturaded with oil and flaming high above their heads. Some rushed out and with a shriek fell dead, blackened, charred and burned out of all semblance of humanity. One heroic young man, a Mr. Skinner, after escaping him self, rushed back and recovered twe, but in re turning fur tie third Its unfortunately fell and was burned to death. Mr. Rouse was one of iboso rescued by Skin ner, and when found it was impoasiblo for his most intimate friends to rocnguize biin. When asked who die was by those who had just from him in health, he appeared to be greatly shocked and exclaim, 'Is it possible that no one knows Rouse V Parts of his body were completely con sumed and the whole surface charred, yet in this horrible condition he lived eight hours entirely tree from pain, and witb a nnnJ as clear as it ever was. He dictated his will, conversed cheer fully, and could scarce believe the physicians when they assured him tbat he must die, decla ration that he never felt better in his life. Including him since the fire, 16 have died, and la are still vnde treatment, of whom three are in great danger but may recever if the weather remains cool. Tbe remains of five are known to be under the heap of manure and earth with which the fire was smothered, but as there were several sirangera present it is lelieved that tlicro were snore, and this is strengthened by the recent discovery of the irons of some carpet sacks in the vicinity of the well, as the fire continued for sev eral days, and the heat was siifliciciitly intense in some parts to entirely dissipato every vestige of a man. The number will never be certainly known. This is as correct a stateynent of the oaauality as can be made, and as I aim one of the attending physicians, I have bad every facility to acquire correct information. As to the causes that produced the explosion, there are various opinions. Some believe it was ignited by a cigar, but the immense amount of gas and its extensive difl'u'ion, render it probable that it ignited at a distance from the well. Regarding it as a pyrotechnic (if yon will allow the expression) display, it wag the most awfully graud ones ever presented to mortal eye. More than half an acre of ground, in cluding fonr wells and buildiugs attached witb a large barn, was covered with a dense, vivid, and roaring mass of flame from 50 to lot leet bleb, whilst in the centre, towering high above tbe rest, was the above mentioned column of oil, now homing witb fury and throwing on particles in every conceivable angle while exploding in the air, threw out myriads of brilliant sparks : others of larger size fell witb graceful curvature to tbe ground, wnera they exploded witb a load report High above this column flamed tbe burning gas, and tbe whole was capped and envelop ed by tbe black, thick, dismal smoke of burn ing bitumen, tba whole surging up and down, to and fro, with each pulsation of tbe migbty force below, each throb of which was attend ed witb a bideoos, roaring, rusking sound. Add to all this tbe cccasionrl glimpse or a human body, as it was tossed about on tbe fiery billows, tbo fact tbat each spectator feared tbat it might be the remains of a friend or.relative, ood tbe shrieks and cries of men and women as tbey run frantically around, calling opon tbe names of husband, brother, or friend, and you bave an accumula tion of horrors wbicb no pen can describe. VVm. 11. SllL'OKRT. W e leau from the "Wheeling Intelligencer" of Thursday last, tbat tbe first belligerent issue between tba "Union men" of of west ern Virginia and the "State troops," recog nizing; the authority of tbe Southern Con federacy, bas been joined at tba town of Clarksburg, in the oouoty or Harrison. Two companies of tbe confederate military laving marched into tbat place on the 20th instant, tba Court Ilouse bell was rung as a signal for tbs assemblage of tbe two "Un ion military companies" in Clarksburg, dnder tha command of Captains A. C. Moora and I. 0. Vance, who demanded that tbe "confed erate forces' should surrender tbeir arms and disband. Alar a brie parley tba demand was cuupiia wrvn, HAVOC OF LIFE DT WAR. It is difficult to conceive what fearful havoc tbis custom has made of human life. It bas at times entirely depopulated immenie dis tricts. In modern as well as ancient times large tracts have been left so utterly desolate, tbat one might pass from village to village, even from city to city, without finding a soli tary inhabitant. Tbe war of 1756, waged in tbe heart of Europe, left in one instance nn less than twenty contiguous villages without a single man or beast. The thirty years war, the 7th century reduced tbe population of Germany 12,000.000 to 8.000,000, three fourths ; and that of Wirtemburg from 500, 000 to 48,000, more than nine-tenths I Thirty thousand villages were destroyed in many others the population entirely died out ; and in districts, once studded with towns and cities tbere porane ud immense forests. Look at tbe havoc of seiges in that of Londonderry 12,000 soldiers, besides a vast number of inhabitants ; in that of Furis, in the 16th century, 30,000 victims of mere hunger : in that of Malplaqaent, 34,000 sol diers alone : in tbat of Ismail, 40,000) of V lenna, 70,000 ; Ostend, 120 000 ol Mexico, 150,000; of Acre, 300,000; of carthage, 700,000 ; of Jerusalem, 1,000,000 ! Mark the slaughter of siugle buttles at Lepaote, 25,000; AtiEterlitz, 30,000; ot Kylau, 60,000; at Waterloo and Quartre bras, one engagement in fact, 70,000 ; at Borodine, 80,000 ; at Fontenoy, 100,000 j at Arbela, 300,000 ; at Chalons. 300.000 or Attillu's army alone ; 400,000 Usipetes, slain by Jubus Ciesar, in one battle, and 430,000 Germans, in another. Tak only two cases more. Tbo army of Xerxes, says Dr. Dix, must have amounted to 5,282,320 ; and if tbe attendants were only one-third as great as common at tbe present day at Eastern countries, tbe sum total must bave reached nearly six millions. Yet in one year, this vast multitude was reduced, though not entirely by death, to 300,000 fighting men ; and of these, only 3,000 esca ped destruction. Jnngbiz'Kbau, tbe terrible ravager of ABia in tbe 13ih century, thot U0.0U0 on tbe plains of Nessa, and massacred 200,000 at tbe storming of Charasm. In tbe district of Horot, be butchered 1,600,000. and in two cities with tbeir dependencies, 1,700, 000. During tbo last twenty seven years of bis long reign, be is said to have massacred morn tban half a million every year; and in .1.- c. r . , - , ,y tun ursi lourieeu years, ne is supposea, oy Chinese historians, to have destroyed not less than qigbtuen millions; a sum total to thirty-two million in forty-one years I In any view, what a full destroyer is war ! Napoleon's wars sacrificed full six millions, and all the wars consequent on the French revolution some nine or ten millions. 1 be Spaniards are said to have destroyed in forty two years more tban twelve m.llions of American Indians. Grecian wars sacrificed 15,000,000; Jewish wars 25,000,000; the wars of tbe twelve Ctusurs, thirty millions ; in nil tbe wars of the Romans before Jolins Cicsar, sixty millions ; the wars cf tbe Roman Empire, of tbe Saracens and tbe Turku, sixty million enth ; those of tbe Tartars, eighty millions ; those of Africa 100,000,' 000 1 ''If we take into consideration," says tbe learned Dr. Dick, "the number not onlv or those wjio have fallen in battle, but of those who bave perished through the natural consequences of war, it will not perhaps be ovetrating tbo destruction of human life, if wu affirm tbat oue tenth of tbe human race has been destroyed by tbe ravages of war : and, according to tbis estimate more than fourteen thousand millions of human beings bave been slaughtered in war Binco the beginning or the world." Edmund Burke weut still further. Bud reckoned the sum total to its ravages, from tbe first, at no less tban tbirty-uve thousand millions. Hints on Washing the Hands Some "philosophy" is useful in even so simple a matter as washing the bands ; if any one doubts it let ber, with a microscope, examine tbe surface to be cleansed by water, and ebe will be interested, and perhaps shocked at tbe discoveries made. Instead of a smooth surface of skiu, presented wkeu unwashed, a dingy appearance, tbere will be seen a rough, corrugated sarl'uce, witb deep, irregular furrows, in which the foreign parti cles are deposited like earth among tbe rough paving stones oi a street. If tbey lay loosely, it would be ao easy matter to dis lodge tbem witb a little cold water ; but the pores, tbe waste of tbe body, are contiuually discharging into these open drains pespiration and oil, which by evaporation become a coraent to hold the particles of dust, etc., and to remove tbem requires both chemical and mechanical action. Warm water softens tbis cemejit, expands the furrows, and makes the ekiu pliable, so that by rubbing tbe soil ia disturbed and partially removed. But chomistry must aid a little before tbe process is complete ; and soup is added, tbe alkali of wbich unites with tbe oily matters, and tbe whole is then easily disposed of. The wash-clot is useful because its threads or fibres work down among tbe furrows, like so many little brooms, sweeping tbem out; hence it should be soft and pliable. Flannel is preferable to cotton for tbis purpose, and a Bponge is best of all. Rough coarse cloth are objectionable, as tbey abrade the silk and leave it rough and more easily filled with dust tban before. Harsh, etrougly ulkaline soap should be avoided for tbe same reusou ; it abstracts all tbe oil from tbo npper layer of tbs skin nud makes it "chup or crack." Wbere a sponge is not obtainable, a very neat and serviceable wash cloth may be knit of soft cotton twine ; either wit b the crot chet, or. witb coarse wooden needles ; knit ting back aud forth, as garters are knit. A mitten knit of tbis cotton witb tbe crotchet needle is very handy for tbis purpose, and makes a neat article for tbe waab-btuud. A wasb rag will not be tolerated by a tidy housekeeper. If cloths are used, let tbem be neatly benimed, and scrupulously vleau. Applying a little vinegar and to tbe bauds and face, after tbe use of soap, and rinsing off the water, is a capital process to preveul chapping or roughness. Tbe acid neutralises the aliki of tbe soap, and keeps it from destroying tba skin. Try this frequently, especially on washing days. Diluted vine gar or other acid is excellent for the face after shaving. (Jermautown Telegraph. How to Purify Ranoid Lard. A corres pondent or the Country Gentleman furnishes tbe following recipe : We bad some 40 lbs. rancid lard, wbicb was valueless as it was Knowing the antiseptic quality of the chlo ride ef soda, 1 procured three ounces, which was poured into a pailful of soft, and when hot the lard added. After boiling it thoroughly together for an bour or two it was set aside to cool. Tbe lard was taken off when nearly cold, and was subesquently boiled up. Tbe color was restored to an alabaster white, and tba lard was as sweet as a rose. Dan wishes to know if kulet are coutbasti- fcle, as be ofuo bears of tbeir being burnt. What a Volcano can do. Catopaxl, In 1738, threw its fiery rockets 3000 feet above its crater, while in 1744 the blar.lsg mass, struggling for at) outlet, roared so tbat its awful voice was beard a distance of more than COO miles. In 1797 tha crater or Tungnragua, one of the peaks of the Andes flung out torrents of mud wbich dammed up rivers, opeaed new lakes, end in valleys of a tbonssnd feet wide made deposits of six hun dred feet deep. The stream from Vesuvius, which in 1737 passed through Torre del Oreco, contained 33,600,000 cubic feet of solid matter ; and in 1794, wben Tnrro del Groco was destroyed a second time, tbe mass of lava amounted to 45,000,000 cnbio feet. In 1769, Etna poured forth a Good which covered 84 square miles of surface, which measured 105,000 cubic feot. On tbis occa sion tbe scoriic formed the Monte Rossi, neefr Nfccolo.'i, a cone two miles in circumference and 4000 feet high. Tbe stream thrown out by Etna in 1810 was in motion at tbe rate of a yard per day for nine months after tbe eruption ; and it is on record that tbe luva of the same mountain, after a terrible eruption, was not thoroughly cooled and consolidated ten years after the event. Iu the eruption of V esuvius, A. D., 70, the scoriic and ashes vomited forth fur exceeded the entire bulk of the mountain ; while in 1660 Etna disgorged more .than twenty times its own mass. Ves uvius bas thrown its ashes as far as Constan tinople, Syria and Egypt; it burled stones, eight pounds in weight, to Pompeii, a dis tance of six miles, whilo similar masses were tossed 2000 feet abovo its summit. Cotopaxi bas projected a block of 109 cubio yardB in volume a distance of nine miles, and Samba wa, in 1815, during tbe most terriflo eruption on record, sent its ashes os far es Java a distance of 300 miles surface, and out of a population of 12 000 souls, only 20 escaped. Recreative Science. Tho Island of Java- Batavia, tbe capital city is a brilliant spe cimen of Oriental splendor. The houses, which are white as snow, are placed two or three hundred feet back from tbe street, tbe intervening space being filled trees, literally alive with birds, and every variety of plants and flowers. Every house has a piazza in front decorated with beautiful pictures, ele gant lamps, bird cages, &c, furnish accom modations for the family, who sit bore morn ings and evenings. At night tbe city is one blaze of light from the lumps. Tbe hotels bave grounds of eight or ten acres in extent around them covered witb fino 6bade-troes, with fountains, flower-gardens, &s. Indeed so numerous are tho trees, tbe city almost resembles a forest. The rooms are very high and spacious, without carpets and bnt few curtains. Meals are served up in about the same style as at first class hotels in the Uni ted States, although tbe habits of living are quite different. At daylight coffee and tea are taken to tbe guest's room, and again at eight o'clock, with light refreshments. At twelve breakfast is served, and at Beven din ner. Coffee and tea are always ready day and night. No biisinoss is done in tba street in tbs middle of the day, on account of tbe heat. The nights and mornings are cool and de lightful ; birds are singing all night. The thermometer stands at about 82 degrees throughout tbe year. Tbe island of Java contains a population or 10,000,000 ; tbe city of Batavia, 180,000. Tbe island abounds witb tigers, leopards, anacondas, and poison ous insects of all kinds. The finest fruits in the world are produced in great profusion. Col, Ellsworth's Last Letter. The following letter, directed to Col. Ells worth's parents, was written by bim the night preceding the visit to Alexandria, wbich re sulted in his death. It seems from bis tone that the gallant soldier must bave bees im pressed witb tbe belief tbat tbe expedition would result fatally to himself. "Headquarters Fir6T Zouaves, Camp Lincoln, Washington. May 23. My Dear Father and Mother: The regiment is ordered across the river to-nignt. Wo have no means of knowing what reception we are to meet with. I am inclined to tbe opinion tbat our entrance to the city will be hotly contested, as I am informed a large force bave arrived tbere to day. Should tbis happen, my dear parents, it may be my lot to be injured in some manner. "Whatever may happen, cherish tbe conso lation tbat 1 was engaged in the performance of a sacred duty ; and to-night, thinking over tbe probabilities of tbe morrow and tbe oc currences of tbe past, I am perfectly content to accept whatever my fortune may be, confi dent that lie who nototh even tbe fall of a sparrow, will bave some purpose even in tbe fate of one like me. "My darling and ever-loved parents, good- Dye, uoa Diess, protect, and care for you. Elmer." Guard Against Vulgar Languaoe. Tbere is as much connection between tbe tbe words and the thoughts as there is be tween tbe thoughts and the actions. Tbe letter are not only tbe expression of the form, er, but they have a power to react npou the soul, and leave the stain of their corruption tbere. A young man who allows himself to use one vulgar and profane word has not on ly shown that tbere is a foul spot on bis mind, but by the nttoracce of tbat word he extends to tbat spot end inflames it, till, by Indulgence, it will pollute aud ruiu the whole soul. lie carefnl or your words as well as your tbogbts. If you can control tbe tongue tbat bo improp er words are pronounced by" it, you will soon be able, also, to control the mind, and 6uve that from corruption. You extinguish tbe fire by emotheriug it, or by preventing bud thoughts from bursting outiu language. Nev er otter a word anywhere wbicb you would be ashamed to speak iu the presence of tho must refioed female or the most religious man. Try this practice a little while, aud you will soou have command of yourself. Larue Cohtbacts. Some idea of the vast necesxsties of war may be formed by a glance at an olliciul aJvertiaelnent, pub.Ubed in the Wa.h.' inglon papers, for supplies. Proposals are invi ted for luruUhing articles for tbe army, which are to be opened on the 3d of June. Amongtbe articles required, we find the following: Colton goods, various description, yds., 1 11 8 000 Flannel, vaiious colors, yards, 1,1 10.000 Cloib, various, 415.0U0 Stockings, woolen, ,airs, iOti.ODO Blanket, oO.OOo Thread, pounds, 14,000 Bunting, red, white and blue, yards, 60,000 Buttons, grooM, 97,000 Canteens, 00.000 Mess pane, Sfi.OOO Camp kettles, 10,000 Together with all necessary tents and tent equipage, ax.es, hatches, shovels, spades, pickax e, ire. A diver of Kiogetoa, J a mace a, recently recovered a thousand dollars' wort of ivory from a ibip sunk iu the harbor of that city itr ous hundred years old. Ths Isabella Grape. We see a voice raised for this well-known and formerly highly prized grape, in the Oardener't Monthly, and we do not wish to stifle it. H there can be anything suggested by wbich we can produce annually rair, well, ripened crops or lbs Isabella, we are ready to adopt it. We bave been so long disap pointed in obtaining satisfactory crops, with what we supposed to be careful cultivation that Wo have almost despaired of success, after the Vines cot a littln V h.r.io. copy what a "New York Fruit Grower" has to say, with pleasure, and commend it to attention t "This OODUlar Varlntv la OTlonoi-jol-, on the Hudson, and more tons of it are annu ally soia in me xvew-xork market than of all others put together. It is a good grower, aud when nronnrlv nlnnt.prl nnrt n.nn.,1 I I I I - vuu .UWC, , does not snffer from tbe mildew either in tho leal or lro.it in this locality. It is so amazing' lv nrnrtnr-tiva thnl. ulinn n.l r...r...,l I .... - enough it is apt to Bet twice as much frnTt os ii, tuu mature, auu ioe vine win yield up all Aer strength in order to mature the fruit t which, however, in such cases, does not ripen ur ueuume eweei u it remains on tue vine till winter, and tbe vino in such case, will almost invariably b found in a burl r.,nr1it,nn r fruiting tbe next season. Hence the impor tance or pruning witb care and skill, and he wbo is the master of tlm hnnins.a Kill oolrl,. leave more bearfog wood than tbe strength of iu viue win aamn oi, Dut 11 be should be will before tho fruit is half grown tbin it co the vine will Buffer no injury. No grape that we cultivate is so prone to overbear as the Issabella, and very one who grows tbis grane in a rich sftil olinol.l remove suporfluous shoots from the old wood and all the spurs from tbe beariog branches and only one fruit bearing shoot should bo suffered to grow from a bud. If these direc tions ere followed, tbe result will be fine largo clusters which will ripen witb as much cer tainty as apples or pears." Our Creed. Wo believe in small farms and thorough cut tivation. We bclicye that soil loves tJ eat, as Well as its owner, and ought, thercforo, to be manured. We believe in largo crops which leave the land better than they lound it -making both the fur mcr and the farm rich at once. We believe in RoiiiK to tbe bottom of th intra. ond, therefore, in deep plowing, and enough of it. All the better if with a subsoil plow. e Deueve mat mo best fertiliser ct any soil, is a spiitt of industry, enterprise and intelligence without this; lime and gypsum, bones and green manure, marl and guano will be of little use. We believe in good fences, eood barns, o-ood farm-housea, good stock, good orchards, aud children enough to gather tho fruit. We believe in a clean kitchen, a neat wife in it, a spinning. niano, a clean cunboard. a clean dairy, and a clean conscience. We firmly disbelieve In farmers that will not improve ; iu farms that grow pooi every year ; in starveling cattle ; in farmers' boys turning into clorks and merchants ; in farmer' daughters un willing to work, and in all farmers ashamed of their vocation, or who drink whisky till honest people are ashamed of the hi. Iiev.il. W. Ueo. cher. Elder Bubues vs Curculio A few weeks since 1 visited a garden in this vicinity, and saw several plum trees heavily laden with fruit. I was requested to oxamine end seo if 1 could discover any traces or marks of thu curculio. I did so npon fruit npon tbe trees and ripe fruit that bad fallen offend lay, upon iuu groouu. i coum oiscover no marks and no larvsa in tho fruit. I gathered np fruit from tbe ground and carried it home ; it was all perfect. I thought tbere roust have) been greet pains token to kill the insects; but there had been none at all. Having raised plums more or less for twenty years in Mich igan, but never without the e fleets of tbe cur culio more or less, and sometimes to tbe des truction of the entire crop, you may judge of my surprise when informed tbat all that had been done was to procure common elder bush es end tie them to tbe branches or tbe trees. This man has lived on the place five years. Tbe trees wore opon tbe place bearing trees wben be took possession ; the first two years be tried to save bis fruit by shaking tba trees and gathering up tbe curculios upon clotbs spread under tbem. lie bad very poor success ; the fruit was nearly all Btung, and dropped off prematurely. He was in despair tbe second year, when be was told by (as be said) an "old Freucbmau" that if he would put elder bushes iuto tbe trees be would raise fruit. He has tried it three years witb the same success a full crnp or perfect fruit. Cor. of Michigau l 'aruitr. Preserving Fruit. If you hays room lo tbe housekeepers' corner of your valuable paper, for tbis plan or preserving fruit, per baps it may bo unknown to some persons and prove as useful to them as it bus been lo the family of tbe subscriber for several gene rations. Fill the jars full as for canning, and cover two circles of uoglazad paper witb whites or eggs, both oo the iuuer surface and between the papers, and press this carefully over tbo mouth of tbe jar (its contents being as hot us possible ;) cover all with thick, liiuslin tied down, end it hermetically soared. It is espe cially adapted for keeping stoned fruit during the summer, either for the tabid or for pies. We have kept rhubarb and even peaches for a year, and always secure our jellies aud pro serves in this manuur. Clin.i.iK. k'ermaiiruu'ri Telegraph. A Hint. We bave fonnd nothing so effec tual in protecting tbo young plants of uelous, cucumbers, Ac, from tbe depredations of in sects, tban the sowing round tbe hill, of tad isb seed. Tbe young growth of the radish is much preferred by theo insects to tbat or thu melon aod cucumber j hence, whilo tbe form er is freely feasted on, tbe latter is permitted to go scot free. If too late for trial tbis sea son, let it be remembered for tbe next tier, 'lei. Cami-hob and Mosquitoes. Camphor ia the most powerful egeot to drive away mos quitoes. A camphar bag bang up in an ( pen casement will prove an effectual barrier to tbeir entrance. Camphorated spirits applied as a pefume to tbe race and huuds will act as ao effectual preventive ; but when bitten by tbem, aromatic vinegar is the best antidote. Barlkv kobPIkks. There is bo grain to well suited as food ror bens. Barley, wbeo red witb oats and corn, will often be gathered first by tbe fjwla, and bens fed witb more or less barley, ere a-iid f I iy more freely. Wo bave nsed barley aod peas, and our Mum ggs is evidence of tba suitableness uf Ih food.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers