T MUM iuujjiti NEW SERIES, VOL. 8, NO. 49. SUNBUliY, NOimiUMBKRLAND COUNTY, PA -SATURDAY, MARCH 1, 1856. OLD SERIES, VOL-.16. NO 23 Tho Sunbury American, riltlDUIB XTIHT (ATTJBDAT BY II. B. MASSES, Marktt Square, Sunbury, Ptnna. TKRMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. tVTll DDI.!. AUS net annum toba paid half yearl in etretiae. N o payer diaconurued until all arrearage! ara aid. All eommunicatinne or letters on liuiinees relntinf to las ailioa, ta inaura attention, mint be fusi rAlD TO CLUBS. Thr-e eomee 19 ona addraaa. S00 ft. van Da I) 10 IK) Fifteen !' P" "" Fivod.dlare in advance will pay for three year's sub lariptinnto the Americsn. Piiatmaatera will plena aet aa our Agenta, and frank lettere cmitainiiiK euhwription money. They ara permu te! ta do thia unuer the l'oet Office Law. TERMS OF ADVERTISING One 8-iunie nf 14 linea, S timet, Ctrerv aubiequeut inaerlioni Ona Siutiie, 3 montha, Six montha, One year, B ashless Cards of Five linea, per annum, eforehants and othera, advertieinj hy the year, with the privilege of inaartin SifTerentadvertisemenie weekly. S so" (l too to oo OF Larger Aavertiaeineme.ne pei JOB PRINTING. We hire emnee'ed with onr eatahliehment a we' ee'eeted JOB OFFICE, whieh will ei.aWe ua to execute la the neateet atvle, every verier? nf printing. S. 3. IASSEP,, ATTORNEY AT LAW, SUNBtTRY, PA. Business attended to in the Countie of Ner thumherland, Union, Lycoming Montour and C alumbta. Reference in Philadelphia : It on Jf.h R. TTenn, Chaa. OiMme, F.eq.. Somen k Siiiiiluraaa, Linn, Smith tc Co. WHITE ASH ANTHRACITE COAL FaoM Till Lajcastir Colliiut, Northumberland county, YMERE we have very extensive Improve- nicntK, ami ara prepared to oiler to the public a very superior article, particularly auited far the manufactur of Iron and making Steam. Our tir.es of Coal are : LUMP, V for Smelting purposes. STEAMBOAT, ) for do. and Steamboat BROKEN, BHOICE.N, ) Elitl. rrovE, ) for family uae and Steam. NUT, PEA, I for Limeburaere and Steam. Aar point of Hhipping ia Sunbury. where ar i easements ara mad t load seals without any lay. COCHRAN, VEAI.E it CO. J. J. Ciichha!, Lancsaler. C. W. Pain, Shamokin. Bin j. RnniioLn, Lancaster. A. B lOMflABPNER, da. tV Orders addressed ta Shemakha r luntary, will receive prompt attention. Tea. 10. 1SS5. ly - TJ. S. OF -A.. "God and our Native Land." O USQUE H A X N A CAMP, No. J9, of the 0. " of the U.S. A. holds ita stated sessions ever) HoinT evening in their New Ilsll, opposite E. T. ftrights atore. Sunbury, Ta. Initiation and reiaHa, $2,00. D. O. E MAIZE, W- C. Tii'l V.'itvtaT, I!. S. Sunbury Jan. 12, 16ftfi. oct 30 S5 O. OF XT- .A.. IsL. eJUXBUltY CUUXCIL, No. 30, O. of U. A. M. meets every Ttssuat veniiijr in the American Hull, opposite E. V. Bright' store, Market sitcet, Snnbury, Ta. Mamhera of the ;der ara respectfully requested to attend. P. M.billXDEL, C. A. HooTin. H. 9. Sunbury, Oct. 50, 18S3. J. S. OF -A.. lBrA!HI.t.TON CAMP, No. 19 J. 8. of A ' hVule i:s atated meelinga every Saturday lvening, in tha American Hall, Market Street, Wubury. A. A. 8HIS9LER, P. Jehn 8. Beard, R. . Ku!iury, January S, 185S. tf. EIC E L SOI R EATING SALOON! ( SIAKM.S I. VKIAHTO r? A3 tnken th Saloon formerly occupied ly V barton kV Fiaher, It Market Snuart, Sunbury, here ha will be happy to dispense to hie ends and the eating public generally, all the licaciea of the scaion, including Oysters tresh A spiced. The bill of fare will include suh .ntialsand delicacies, calculated to satisfy those o are hungry, and those who desire merely to ve their palntcs tickled. It will be open at all ura of the day, anJ all reasonable hours of the ht. Give ua a call and taste f.ir yourselves. IJT Families and patties supplied on shert ice. iunbury, Srpl. 5?, 1835. LEATHER. 'RITZ, 1112X11 IKY Co. 'o. 29 AbrtA Third Street, Philadelphia. fOKOCCO Manufacturers, Curriers and Im ! porters of FKEXCH CALF-SKINS, and crs in Red and Oak SOLE LEATHER &t I'. :b. 17, 1855 w ly F. H. SMITH, OUT M0NNAIE, POCKET BOOK, AMD reMlD; Came illaiiufHCliircr, .V. W. cor. of Fourth Chestnut Sti., PHILADELPHIA. vs on hand a large and varied assortment o rt Monnaies, ork Boies, ktt Books, Cabas, nkers Cases, Traveling Bags, te Holders, Backgammon Board, I Folioa, Chesa Men, table Desk, Cigar Case. ssing Canes, Pocket Memorandum Books, 3. a ceneral assortment of hnglish, r rencb ermao Fancy Goods, Fine Pocket Cutlery, i, Raior Strop ami liold I ens. !tala. Second and Third Floora. F. II. SMITH, eor. Fourth A Cheatnut Sts., I'bilada. I. On 111 receipt of If I, Superior Gold 11 b cent to any part of th United State, ; describing pen, thus, medium, bard, I., March Jl. 1855 ply. AKMERS TAKE NOTICE. liushil Flaxieetl wanted immediately at Cheap Swr of E. V. Blight, for which .at market prir will Ix paid. Hi, October, I85J tf DVAHE.-Tb! CutUry, Raaor. Pock Knivsa, Hand nwC Wood saw in Aim, CtitMla, Door Lock, and HingM, C.ls, WailNs, 4'- rrivd and for I. W. TEN EH A.CO. try Dec. I, I ef ' Select f ocirg. MY NATIVE VILLAGE. BT JOUM HOWARD BRTANT. Thore lies a tillage In a penceful vnte, AVith doping bills and waving woods nrnund, Fenwd from tho blast. There never ruder gnle Bows the tull grass and covers all the ground : And planted shrubs are there, nnd cherished Bowers, And brightest verdure born of gentle showers. 'Twas there my young existence was bpsnn : aiy earliest sports were on its nowtry ground : And often, when my school-boy task was done, I climbed its hills to view the pleasant scene, And stood and gazed till the sun's setting ray Shone on the height the sweetest of the day. There, when that hour of mellow light was come, And niountuiu shadows cooled the ripened (train. I watched the weary yeomun plodding home iu the lono path t hut winds across the plain, To rest his limbs, and watch his child at pluy. And tell him o'er the labors of the duv. And when the woods put on their autumn glow, And tho bright suu came iu among the trees, And leaves were gathered in the gli-n below, swept soltly lrom tho niountuiu by the breeze. I wandered, till the star-light on the stream, tit length awoke mu from my luiry ureuin. Ah 1 happy days, too happy to return, Fled on tho wings of youth's departed years : A bitter lesson has been mine to learn, The truth of life, its labors, pains, and fears, Vet does thu memory of my boyhood stay ; a iwiiigrjt or tue Dngutness passed away. My thonghts steal back to that sweet village still; Its flowers aud peaceful shades before me rise : rho play-placo aud the prospect from the mu, Its summer verdure and autumnal dves : The present brings its storms ; but while they Itiiit, I shelter me in the delightful past.' ifitis about (Sipsics. THE GIPSIES OF THE DAKUEE. The Gipsey population of the Danubian Principuhties numbers about three hundred thi'tmund souls, and presents the marked phy sical and mental characteristics of the wan. dering Bohemians of Central Europe, and the Uiianoe o pam. u is evident that, under various names, they all belong to the sarno nomadic family. The traveler finds numer ous representatives of the Gipsey race in Egypt j tbey are not wanting in Jerusalem, and have a small but distinct quarter near one of the walls of Constantinople. One meets mem roving m bands autl pructuing then and magic along the Ganges, the same us on the batiks of the Kibe and Thames. They are to be found u almost overy part of Continental Europe shivering in rags in tho regions of thu North and baskinir iu the warm Btittsliine of the South, which they particularly love ocouereu more widely over the wuild than even the tattered remnants ol Israel, they arc, ethnographic-ally, wandering vagabonds politically, democrats of the upen uir und goou aavemure religiously, outward con formists to the faith of those among whom they move and have a temporary beinir. but cherishing at the same time a mysterious be- net oi tneir own. Jlohling themselves usual ly for Christians or Mohamedaiis, they are without Christian or Mohaiumetlau worship; belonging to the great world, they are with, out worldly possessions ; and mukitig a pre. tense to patriarchiul customs, they lead a vagrant life, and exhibit the characteristics of carniverous animals in general. scattered as they are, and recognizing the tempo'al and religious authority of those nuoae lanusmey inhabit, it is believed by persons who have studied thera nnd their in slitutions that they have a secret but xten ded political organization nnv, that there is a King of the Gipsies ; but where he lives, where is the court of this monarch whose do mums are wider than those ruled over by spir itual Home, is a question still open. The impression prevails throughout the Last of turope that the Gipsies are ono of the lost tribes of Israel ; that they are de scendants of tne Israelites who caused our Saviour to bo crucified, aud for that offence have been scattered over the earth and con demned to personate the Wanderine Jew The Gipsies declare themselves to be of Egyptian origin, and are, in fact, termed Egyptians iu many parts of Europe j hence also the name Gipsey. Their features can not be mistaken. They aie of ordinary stat ure, robust, nervous, and manifest a Bedouin partiality for tent life, the open air, and the beautiful stars. Their bronze cnmnlexinii. bluck hair, burning eyes, teeth of ivory white- uees, long cnesis ana projecting shoulders suggest an Ethiopian oriein. Their naked- ness, relieved by a few scattering rugs, their naugniy ana almost warlike gait, and the ex pressive gesture which characterize their ci'iivcrouuuii bimo givo inem a striking resem blance to wandering Hottentots or Kaffrcs. Theirs, however, is not an African origin. 1 heir language is a melange of brunch of the hanscrit, with terminations and words borrowed from the people anion? whom they I.'... I . L inv. u auibvt, iur luaiaiiue, tney employ the Sanscrit root, with tho Turkish termina tions. The many traces of patriarchal life which they exhibit each nomadic band hav ing its chief their orieotal language and many things about them suggest Lasturn life, Lastern origin, Eastern institutions. A religious faith analagous to the Fettisb has been ascribed to the Gipsies ; but they uo consider them worshippers of leeks and onions, and thoso holding tbem to be Chris tians, appear to ba equally mistaken. There art many reasons leading us to believe that the Gipsies are a branch of tbs great Fire Worshipping family in tho East. It has fre quently been observed that the smiths, when kindling tbeir fires, go through with certain mystical performances of a religious nature, and also tbt the)ir worship, of whatvcr kind, is usually celebrated at or near the rising of the sun. The Gipsies are clenrly of Asintio oritrin. They closely reseniblo the lowest caste in In dia, audit is highly probable that their an cestors came from the banks of the Oxusnnd the region south of the same. Driven from Asia bv Tamerlane about the year 140H, they entered Europe by three great routes, ewe stream of immigration reaching Spain byway of Africa, another sweeping into Europe along the northern shore or the Euxine, and the third and largest tide ebbing to the nn tiuns of tho Danube by the way of Anatolia, and lloumeliu. In n comparatively few years they became widely disseminated' over Ku ri'pe. Gipsy bands' first appeared in Molda via in the year 141", nnd a few months aftpr wurd were seen in Germany, nnd on the coasts of the Baltic. Tho 'following year they made their appearance in Switzerl'itnd, pretending, as elsewhere, that they were in habitants of Lower Egypt who liud been compelled by the Saracens to renounce Chris tianity, but thut having been reconquered by the Christians they had been sent to Home where tho l'ope, for their npostury. con demned them to wander over tho enith seven years nnd sleep constantly on the ground. They ulso pretended to have passport from the Topo and the Emperor Sigisniund, per mitting them to wander at pleasure and steal with impunity. They were described ns "a "vagrant horde beloiiLMiis to some unknown 'nation, of brown color, strange appearance, i uuii unown ns the f.gyptiuns or Zingnn. A Tier the first surpi i.-e, nnd in some instan ces terror, caused by their appearance, they were everywhere persecuted with relentless cruelty. Nor. if we can believe the old chron icles, were the wandering Zingari the nniiu blu nnd innocent creatures to whom, ns Esmerahlns nnd l'reciosas, we are introduced in modern romance. In the year 14'J2 the Government or Basle in Switzerland warned its good citizens against the Zicrnner (in different parts of Central und Eastern Europe, ulso termed Bohemians, Zinguri, Zingani nnd Tsigans.) describing them as "most urtfnl m.d cunning in an possible devices against the estab- i "lished right of possession. I At this tiino there ore doubtless tnoro ! than 2,000.000 Gipsies in Europe. So earlv ns the year 1442 there were 14.000 in Suit- : zerlund ulone, whence the Government nt- ! tempted to expel them in 1510. l-'erdinand of Spain endeavored to drive them out of his I dominions in the year 141I2, but they conceal- i ed themselves in out of the way places, and i soon ufter appeared as numerous us before. ! Iu Franco they were persecuted with lire and ' sword, and in 1C12 the Government decreed : their entire annihilation. Iu Denmark, where j they were called 'Turtnrs. wandcrine nbotit : "und injuring people by their lies, thefts, und I "machinations of iho black ai t," they were 1 ordered to betaken into custody nod pun- ished. In many parts of Germany, tho Gip. i sies were thought to bo secret emissaries of j the Turks, and were accordingly treated with I the utmost b-irburity. j The Gipsies appeared in England some time j in the 13th century. One of the first nllu- ! sioii8 to them is in Shelton's description of i r.iytiotira uummmge, published in tho begin ning of the following century : 'Her kirtell Rriatnwe red, With rl"lhranpon her lieode, Th'lt they way ti we i'f lende, Weythen in a wnuth-r wise; After the S:iitiz-in's giae, With a whim whtini Knit u; n n trim tmn Up nl her h-i ne :im.e, Like mi Ti. . i r (an CiinVd ai-ji.t When .iie g .etii . " III the times or II, tin VIII tho Gipsies Were thu objerl.s i mentary persi cutii.n. In Se other hand, they wwe roei.tiii nn. I li. il I nc.- ill.ioil. in lb,' zei as an in.!i pendent people, and iu con.-i ipien :t of llie. protect iou alVoii'ed them, ittru'tiM-d i:t num.. 1 tier to more than lOll.llllll souls. Tin y l.i :-:iu , minever, to uisuppeur, linn III llie time ol .Sir W'ulter Scott scarcely ;"nlil Gipsies could be round where they liud lonin iiy been eo nu merous. Thu possession or 2."MI lliill Gip.-v slave., now held in Mold ma unit nll .i l,m i about : equally divided between the Governments of 1 the respective rnueipiiliti. s anil privatit in- dividual. The Crown Gipsies (Ih.mnexh) i may ne stiunivideii into tour classes: lirst, j the Huilari und Aurari. who ulone have the right of washing the river s studs for gold. Some of the mountain streams ofthe Carpa thians mo ns rich in golden spangles us the Tagus aud i'actolus. In Traiisyhuniu, also, where the urt of gold washing is brought to much greater perlection than in the Danubian Principalities, the goldwashers are chiefly tlipsies. They exercise great judgment in the selection of favorite locations. The ap purutus employed by them consists of n crooked board four or five feet long and be tween two and three feet broad, with a slight elevation, generally a wooden rim on each side. A woolen cloth is spread over this bourd, upon wlrch is scattered the gold-sand mixed with water. The small grains of gold remain sticking to the cloth. Thu latter is afterward washed in vessel of water, when the nietal sinks to the bottom. When larger particles of sand are found they make deeper channels in the middle of the crooked board in which the small pieces are caught as they roll down. Each of the Gipsy goldwashers pays a small tribute, which, however, does uot go into the treasury, but is giveu to the wives of the Hospodurs us pin money. The second class of Crown Gipsies are culled (Wort, or exhibitors of beurs. They wander from village to village with bears cupturcd when young among the Carpathians, and taught to perform several dances. To insure themselves against accidents, the Urturi breuk oil tho teeth and claws of these animals, and render them nearly blind by thrusting into their eves a red hot iron They have also a peculiar method of captu ring bears among thu Carpathians. A vessel containing brandy and honey is placed where Bruin repairs to drink, in suck a position that he caunot l-il to see it. The mule und the fe male, as well as the young, are unablo to re sist the temptation love of honey, if uot of brandy, being their besetting weakness. The exhilarating effect of the alcohol manifests itself iu thu course of a few minutes, and then begins the burlesque cotiKion, The bears dance until they full powerless to the ground, wheu the wary Gipsies bind them fust and drag them home ou their carts. The I'rsari likewise pay a tribute of a few piuslers to thu Government. Third, Lingurari, or wooden-spoon makers. Tbey also manufacture all kinds of rude wooden vessels and labor as smiths. Of the four classes, they are in the best conditiuo, and a few of them have permanent dwellings. Fourth Class I Laitui, or Vagabonds. Without any fixed residence or occupation, tbey live ami wander in corroding idleness, or laboring occasionally as masons, smiths, and wooden-comb makers. The most wretched of the Ciowu Gipsies, they are at the ssmttiiue the most independent. Thov wander nndis tiirbpi) through the Principalities, nnd for nn annual tribute of n few piasters are permitted to pasture their horses in tho vicinity or the villages nnd highways. The majority or them live by theft. The males usually devote the day to sleep nnd the night to petty plunder ing. The females wander ubont the rnunirv interpreting dreams, and in consideration of a lew paras promising riches and a handsome lover to ''Thevil?em!it Who seeks the dark Gipsy's Tearful aid.'1 Many or these dusky sybils are not want ing in the rich brown complexion, the swel ling bosom, and the soft, liquid eyo of the Orient. They are skilled in all manner of tucks to turn n penny, and both males and females are regarded ns Egyptian plagues bv those among whom they live. AVith the exception of some or the I.inqu. ran , nono or the Crown Gipsies have fixed dwellings In Summer they enenmp under tents, and pass tho Winter, like hibernating animals, in the rtvlo subterranean dwellings common to the Wiilluchinn peasantry. Yet these nonmdic children or Asia nre true dem ocrats From ten tofifteeu families nre tin i ted under the authority of an individual be longing to the band, und chosen by them selves. These Jmle, or .fudges, of the Gipsy baud are subordinate to a chier whom the Gipsies term their Jiuluhassa. The latter is chosen in lull assembly, in the open air. Every Gipsy has the richt to vnt lint llin candidate Tor clrctinn must belong to a family from which a liulahatta has already been chocen. He must bo better clothed llinn his follows, ripe in years, and ot imposing statue und bearing. Alter a choice hits been effect ed, tho successful candidate is raided throe times upon the shoulders ol' those assembled, with noisy demonstrations of repect The ragged Gipsy leaves the field r,r election ns proudly as a Magyar lord or earlier times re turning from the lield or Iinkos or an elector pi Germany from the choice of an emperor. I ho Jiuhibaxsa. ns well as the subordinate judges, must be confirmed by the military governor of the Pii, eipnlily. order to be distinguished from other Gipsies, thov gener ally rule on horseback, nnd havo the "right to wear a beard, a long red cloak, leather boots or a red or yellow color, nnd also to enrrv a knout wherewith to punish delinquents, tho Uulvlnssa stands between tho Gipsies nud the lluspndar of the Principality. He op. portions tlio. tribute that is to be paid, nets us supreme judge in cases where an appeal is made to his authority punishes the guiltv, ge-ierally with his own linnd. and occasionally lnlorms the Government or the condition of ns subjects. The latter stand in greater fear o their liulubassa than of the prince himself. 1 The Gipsy slaves held ns private properly, in con ra.hst.notm,, to those of the Govern incut, belong either to the cloisters or to pi i vale individuals. They , divided into two classes, the Luton and the V,,tram. The lormer roam oyer the Principalities under the command of their J., ,v r,.,.;,r r i. Luiossi of the Crown only in M?ma tribute to the cloisters nnd private indivi luals in- '.'r7 Ul "l" "vei l.ment. Cloisters nnd i similar religious institutions are more ntimer- ! u in Moldavw nnJ Wuliachia than in nnv Mi' im worlJ-1''l'fT tho region ofj Mount A thos, und possess more than one1 thud ol the real estate in the Principalities, j Jn the year IMS u law was psed manumit- j ting the slaves belonging to the cloisters,! wh:eh. however, has not been executed. j nt? second class, nii.nely. thu IV;r, ii. ne li xi u tlwellllij-u, , ir position ci rres- vi ty i:f,ii,v t thai ,, t. siav.s in ' ' -i: -t.-y. Th, v ai" It nn.' tn. st pait ! 1 '.' Ui.l s- : v::Ms d t!. w. :,'iliv l:.e !,,; B. .;.r. io.'u,.;, 1 loill lit-i ft T l',;re!:'t!'..- I in contact with their inasiets. th,.V '. have l.t many of the distinctive , har.n ler- ! l-1ics svtare. n,r, 1...... they lorcotte,, t,L, ., ,,, char en-- i toins i I iheir in. ma. iie brethren that it it .lilli- j cull in dislnigiiish them from the U'allacliinn peasantry. s,ltne of i h,.,i live in villages, en- smiths. -' Kinumiii., or servi le- as m.i.-ons. tailors and shoemakers : but t. ' ,1,, , ' . u ; ,' t "'H l'"-V r"li""S f . r'i;"",i . u,",,'M;- u" I nose ol the oher eusse u.. ....... .1..,. -:i ,.i weie iii.niiii, ss i, diked to the condition of .. . .i ..i.. . , : .i u.ei him u. ' slavery soon uln r their nppenrance iu tho I i incipnlities not us prisoners of war nor as the debtors of the wealthy Boynrds, but bv the right of the stronger : "and the few effort's made to ameliorate their pituble condition have thua bteii uttended with but little sue cess. The bastinado upon the soles of the feet, the latter being elevated so that merely the head and shoulders or the sufferer rested on the ground, ws formerly the ordinary mode ol punishment for the sluves. The lush, spiked collar, and close confinement are now' generally employed. Iu Bucharest it is a common thing to hear that this or that Hoyard has murdered one or more slaves. Gipsy blood flows in the veins or the best Boyard families. Able-bodied males can be purchased, lor less than fclOO- Females, however, are usually much mora expensive, their value depending upon their youth and natural charms. No thought or attention is paid to the education or the slaves, and so complete is the antho-ity orthe Boyards over their human chattels, that the Government officers are not allowed to give the number or the sluves in the census. This unlimited au thority or ownership, the entiro absence or instruction, and the cheapness or the urticle, are evidently improvements upon thesjRtem. l.eforo tho occupation orthe Danubian Prin cipalities, thousunds or Wallechiuo Gipsies were under the protection or the Austrian Consulate ut Bucharest, aud siuce that event they have not fuiled to protect the unfortu nate sluves from the cruelty ana rapacity of their l.oyurd musters. A movement is now on root to emancipate the Gipsy sluves in .Molduvi , but owing to the disordered con dition of the Principalities but little good is '"Tcled from that quurt.r. Should Austria become the possessor of Wuliachia a id Moldavia their emancipation will doubt ls speedily lollow.-AVu- W Tribune. Kxtraobdixav M iiiKoa. There has lately been shown, iu Paris, a huge coucave mirror, uu instrument of a staitliug species of optical mugic. On standing close to it.it preseuts nothing but a monstrous dissection of your physiognomy. On retiring a couple of feet, it gives your own face aud figure in true pro portion, but reversed, the head downward But retire still further, standing at the dis tance of five or six feet from the mirror, and behold, you see yourself not a reflection it does not strike you as a reflection but your veritable self, standing in the middle part be tween you aud the mirror 1 The effect is al most appaliug, from the idea it suggests of something supernatural ; so striking, iudtied, is the exhibition, than men possessed of tho strongest nerve will tbriuk involuutanly at the first view. pak the truth, or be silent. Cultivation of Fishes, In a paper from tho Patent Office, pub lished in tho National Intelligencer, it is suggested that tho fishes of many vurietiis not now known to them, might be intro duced into tho waters of this country, by means of transferring t lie spawn from cmn locality to another. The mullet of the Gar onne would be vulunblo in the Potomac, und also the Sardine. The trout and salmon of the Pihino nnd its waters would nnswer further north ; turbot nnd sole for the Jersey waters; and trout, enrp and salmon for north of the Delaware. The carp it is known was introduced into tho waters cf the llud.-on. The golden carp was introduced into a pond near the some river. Tho breaking of a dam caused these fish to be swept into tho 11 ud son, where they now exist in tolerable abuu danre. To a similar accident we ore indebt ed to its pressnee in the Schuylkill. Mr. Prntt used to have them in a pond on Lemon Hill, whence they were washed into the river, und are now caught by tho boys in abundance. The smelt now" nbunda'nt in Jamaica pond, nt ar Boston, did originally exist there, but was carefully transported, either from Europe or from some section of this country. Salmon nnd shad wero former ly foiindjn the Merrimac. nnd the latter in Lnko Winnipiscogeo and its tributaries; but, since the establishment of manufactories nt Lowell, and tho consequent damming of the river, these fishes huvo disappeared from nil the upper waters ; while, on tho other l.nnd, the opening of communication between Lake Erie and tho Hudson has introduced to that lake nnd its accessories eels and perhaps other fish not previously found ihere. The same result hua also been experienced in Lake Ontario since its connect ion with Lake Erio by means of thu WuHand canal. The officers of the navv on foreitrn service could havo ossigned them tho duty cT collecting varieties (.r fish not known to the wutess of the United States. Mr. Peel, of Sauecrties. New York, has shad, carp, tench, gold-fish, ic, in the ponds on his estate, nnd so will are tlay protected from molestation of any kind, that upon the nppearnnee of persons nt the margin of the waters, they approach to receive food from their bands. 1 ins uentleman, it is said has a sturgeon seven feet long, and when he wnuts n sail on his pond, ho harnesses this sturgeon, attaching a lino und cork float to the traces. I be sturgeon will swim with tho utmost speed around the pond several times, keep ing lienr the shore. Jhen be will suddenly stop, rise to the surface or the water, end turn np its bnik. thus iudicatinir its exhausted condition. Ledger. Olden Time. In 1S37. there were but thirty ploughs in Massachusetts, and tho use of these agricul tural implements was not familiar to till tho planters. From the utuials of Salem it up pears, thut in ihc year it was agreed by the town to grant Richardson Hutchinson twenty acies of land in addition to his share, on con dition that he "set up ploughing." 10?. A sumptuary act of the General Court prohibited short sleeves, and required the garments to be lengthened so ns to cover the arms to the wri.-t, and required reforma tion in immoderate great breechi s, knots of ribbon, broad shoulder bdtids and taylee.siik rases, double cull's and rufl's. ltill'J. For preventing iniscarriuge of let ters, it. is ordered that notice be given that Biehai d Fail banks, his house in Boston, is the place appointed lor all letter which nre brought rioin beyond the seas, (.rare to be sent thither, are tube brought unto him, and he is allowed for every such letter Id. ; and must answer all miscarriages through his own iieulet t in his kind, provided thut no man shall bo obliged to bring his letter thither unless he pleases. 104". Tin-Court ordered, that if any young man nllempl to address a young woman with out the consent of her parents, or in case or their absence, of the County Court, he shall be tinea ill lor the first offence, 10 for the second, and be imprisoned for the third. ltM'J. Matthew Stanley was tried for draw. il'.. b, ll... ., IV..,. I ;.... 11. !' 1 .1 1. ,in n uiiviikiua ui iiiiiiii I III IDA a UUUUII- t,T ui,!!"u, Ct1'ls''',t r ' Pivti. con- vieled und lined 15, fees 2s. (id. '1 hree , . J inurrieu women wero lined os. eacu lor iC'ililtng Jonas Faiihanks was tried for wear ing great boots, but was acquitted. A Nkw Cave asp its Skcrkt. During tho hitter part of January, some laborers oil thu Virginia Central li.ii'houd, near Coving ton, Allegheny county, Virginia, discovered a new cave, of considerable extent, with un opening ut each end. On exploring it, they found the dead body of a man, in full hunt ing costume, which crumbled to pieces, like dry dirt, when touched. One of the persons took bold tif the Toot, which immediately broke from the leg. On examining the body, next day. a pocket book was found, containing papers, among which were seven bonds for large amounts of mouev, one being Tor Sti.'iOO. dated in the year 1823 nnd others dated in 1820. All of them wero signed or given by old settlers of Allegheny and Bath counties. It is thought that thu circumstan ces under which these bonds have been kept from the light, will bar the application of the statute or limitations, in which case, some very respectable persons in that region will be placed iu rather embarrassing circumstan ces, us they will be held responsible for the bonds to the full extent of the property in herited by them, as heir of the signers orthe papers. "The Greenbrier Era, which is tho authority for this account, does not say w hether the name of the deceased is known nor whether any marks of violeuce were fouud. Dikfkrknce in M en. We often fee nn old and well-beaten man w ho never hail a success in his life, who always knew more accost plished less than his associates, who took the quartz and dirt of enterprise, w hile they took the gold ; aud yet, iu old age, ho is the hap pier man. He had a sum of hope, and liny of desire and greed and uniid all this misfor tune, am) his mysterious providences, he Imd that within him which rose up and curried hi heart above ull troubles, and upon their world-wido waters bore him up like the old Ark upon the Deluge. It was the Deluge that gave out not tho Ark. God has dis tributed his girts. It takes a score of them to make ono man. One supplies the swift sagacity ; another the cautious logic ; ano ther the impelling force; another the hope, another the practicle tact oue supplies gen eral principles, another the working pluns. Men seldom unite by the strong points. It is men's weaknesses that bind them together Valhaiili Coal. The coal in Brecken bridge. Kv., seems to possess a value far ex ceediug that which attaches to it for fuel or mochauical porposos. Froth a too of this coal it appears that there may be produced, by a proper process of working, thirty gallons of good lubricating or burning oil, and twenty to thirty pounds of csndls wax. 1 0.c f r g OUR UNION. BY MRS. SIGOTJRNEY. Onr futhor lives in Washington, And has a world or cares, Yrt gives his children all n rarm, Enough Tor them nnd theirs ; Thirty-one well growr sons has he, A numerous race, indeed Married nnd settled, too, d'ye see, W'ith bojs nnd girls to feed ; And if they work nnd till their lunds They're sure to earn a living, And have ft pretty sum to spare For laying up and giving ; A thriving family nre we, No lordling need deride us, For we know how to us our hands, And in our wits we ptide ns. Hail, Brothers of the banded States 1 May uought ou earth divide us I Some of us dure the sharp North-East, Some, clover fields nre mowing, And others raise the cotton plants That keep the looms a going Some build and steer the whitc-wirg'd ships And lew in speed can mate them, And others reap the bearded wheat. Or grind the corn to freight them ; Arid if onr neighbors o'er the sea, Have e'er nn empty larder, To send a loaf their hearts tu cheer. We'll try a littla harder; No old nobility have we, Nor tyrant king to ride us ; Our Sages at the Capitol Enact the luws that guide us, 1 1 nil. Brothers of the banded Slates! Lot nought cu earth divide us ! Somn faults have wc wo can't deny A foible hero nnd there. But other households have the same, And so we don't despair; 'Twill do no good to frown und fume, And cull hard names d'ye see And what a shame it were to part Such a thriving family 1 'Tis but a waste of time" to fret, Since nature made us one And every quarrel cuts a thread That blessed love has spun ; So draw the cords or union close. Whatever shall betide ns, Still cling rust, through every Must, For ninny a storm hns tried ns. Hail, Brothers or the banded States I Let naught on earth divide us 1 Cjjoicc Selections. TKrtriA-Aqt'Rocs Machine. In a letter, dated Austin, January l:t. a correspondent of the Galveston, Texas News, thus notices u new invention which he calls "the great invention or the age :" The great invention or the nge is General Chambers' terra-aqueous machine : it has been privately submitted to committees or both branches or tho Legislature, and I am credibly informed that it has been demon strated to the entire satisfaction or nil the members oT both committees that tho in vention is a valuable one, and likely to create an entire revolution in the means or trenspor tation. It is represented not to have any wheels, and not to slide, nnd yet, by some peculiar arrangement, will, on a graded road, make forty miles un hour. The road will be much wider than rail track, but will require no iron, nnd possibly cost less than a double track. It will cross rivers or bays at the rate of ten miles per hour. This is a short description oTo machine applicable to both land and water. Tho inventor claims thnt the same principle may bo npplied to ma chines intended solely for water transporta tion, and that the speed of some twenty miles per hour may bo obtained. The invention may seem too extravagant for credence, but as some men who liuve acknowledged me chanical skill, pronounce it a valuable inven tion, I deem it worthy of notice. A Ccre for S.kai i. Pox. A proscription for tho cure of small pox, scarlatina, and measles, has been communicated by a mem ber or thu lioyal College or Surgeons Lon don. It is reported to have been testid with invariable success in innumerable, instances, and the receipt is us follows : Take one grain or powdered lox-glove or digitalis valuable iu the ratio t,( its greenness and the same quantity of sulphate or zinc or white vitriol; rub thoroughly iu a mortar with a Tew drops or water ; ndd Tour ounces of water and a little sugar. Of this mixture a table spnoufull should be giveu to an adult, und 2 teuspooufulU to a child, every second honr until symptoms or disease vanish. The herb annihilates the fever, and the zinc acts as a tonic. A SorrrK or Smii.es. Dr. Franklin hnv ing noticed that a certain mechanic, who worked near his office, was always happv and smiling, ventured to ask him for llie secret or his constant cheerfulness. "No secret. Doc tor," he replied, "I have got one or the best wives, and when I go to work she always has a kind word or encouragement forme"; and when I go home she meets me with a smile and a kiss, and the tea is share to be ready ; and she hns done so niHtiv little things through the day to please me, tiiat 1 cannot find it "in my heart to speak an uukiud word to any body." Tim Law of Patents. Judge Nelson has decided that the circumstance that a person has had nn idea or an improvement in his bend or has sketched it upon paper, has drawn it. aud then gives it up, neglects if, docs not in judgment or law. constitute him nn originul and lirst inventor. It is not the person who bus only produced the idea that is entitled to protestion as an inventur, but the person who bus embodied the idea into a practical machine, aud reduced it to practical use. Ermarkaui.k Watch. At the French ex hibition there was exhibited a watch which created much interest und admiration. It tells the name and day of the month, the equation of time; is a repeater, striking the minute as well as the hour ; Is a thermometer of tolerable accuracy, and winds itself up by the action of its ou movement. The price of this most tngenie.is piece of workmanship is thirty thousand francs. Hais Bki-shks To clean hair-brushes, put a spoonful of pearlash into a pint of boil ing water, then fa ten a bit of sponge to the end of a stick, dip it into the solution, and wash the brash. Neit rour some hot water over it, and dry before tue fir. Aft Inch or P-aix o tdb Atiaktic.--W a have been struck wilh thut passage ofL'eHt. Maury's "Physical Geography of tho Sea ill which he computes the effect of a single inch of rain falling upon the Atlantic Ocean. Tho Atlantic iucludes an area r2; millions or square miles. Suppose nn inch of ram to rail upon only one-filth or this VRst expanse. "It would wreigh," snys our nuthor, "three hundred and sixty thousand millions of tons; and the salt which, as water, it held in solu tion in the fcii, and which, when that water was tnken up as vapor, was left behind to j dis turb equilibrium, weighed Rixtren millions more tons, or nearly twice ns ninth, as all the ships in the wotld could carry at a cargo ench. It might fall in n dnv; but occupy what time it might in fulling, thiB rain is calculated to exert so umch'.jforce which is inconceivably great in disturbing the equilibrium or tho ocean. Hall the wnter discharged by the Mississippi river during the yenr were taken tip in one mighty measure, nnd cust into tho ocean nt one effort, it would not make a great er disturbance in tho equilibrium or the sen than would the fall of rain supposed, And yet, so gcutle nre the operations yf nntnre, that movements so vast nro nnperceived." Metforolocicai. Observations. An ar rangeiiunt ha? been entered into between Professor Henry, of the Smithsonian Institu tion, and Judge' Mason, U. S. Commissioner , of Patents, bv which the system of meteoro logical observations, heretofore conducted by the Institution, will bo hereallcr execuica under the direction of tho Patent Office. In pursuance or this clia-.-rpp, the Commissioner lias issued a circular, directing attention to to the severe storm of snow, hail, and rain, which extended itself over a large portion of tho Union, from tho -11 h to the Cth of Inst month, and asking for iinformu'iou in regard to it. Wnntcd, to go to Kansas immediately, a middle-need, unmarried man. to ofiiciate as the fighting editor of a political newspaper. lie mut be seven feet. Iiorh in his stocking feet, be composed or nothin? but muscle, bone nnd sinew, havo sledge-hammer fists, nnd ft head that will withstand miy quantity of punching, either with whiskey or boulder- stoties. Must also be proficient in the use of bowin-knivpa. revolvers and scientific eye gouging. Will be required to receive visi tors daily nt the sanctum door, nnd represent the editor in nil cases except in receiving money. Salary doctor's bills free Tor ono year, aud the office of Judge each succeeding one. Rf.mf.dt ron Toothacht:. Chamber Jour nal alludes to a process described by Or. Ro berts bcrorc tho itoynl bcotnsn foeiety ot Arts, Tor cauterising the dental tcrve, and stodpivg teeth without pain, by rtPans or a wire applied to tho patient's tooth perfectly cold, und afterwards instantaneously hented to tho required extent by a small electric bat tery. A present for Cronstndt is beir.g con structed at the Low-moor Iron Works, Eng land. It is a shell, nine feet five inches in circumference, and thirty-six in diameter. Its weight is over a (on. It costs 25 un filled, and the mortar which is to dischnrge such a shell weighs thirty -five tons. This shell is intended to bombard Cronstadt. aud it is expected that a bomburdment well sus tained with such a weight or metal, will crumble the walls of tho defence like powder. Stretching Tiinri: Lecs.?. Mrs. Nichola, late of the Brattleboro, (Vermont) Democrat, says thnt. "the drinks" are now called "leg strechers," in that State. She says it is Bit every-day occurrence for some passengers in the stage coaches, while the latter nre wait ing at the hotels for the mails, to say "I guess I will get out and stretch my legs." which alwavs ends in their having a drink somewhere in the hotel. She adds that it is perfectly astonishing with what unchecked ense and frequency legB are now stretched iu erinont. Temptixo Exoit.ii. The Indies of Galla tin. Missouri, are already using the privileges allowed the fair sex during leap year. A GdI lolin paper has the following announcement: Lort We are requested by two youi.g Indies of this town to state that each of them lost, a Tew days ngo. a cuff pin and a piece rt Mac It velvet, Tor which the finder will be liberally rewarded, if goodlookitig nnd comes well re commended. Two finders would be prefer red, and thoy young men. In tho Lunatic Asylum nt Colnmbns O., is a fair of insane lovers. Occasionally they sppm to recover their reason, and are permit to hold interviews with one another. In one of these the poor gill becgod her lover to mnrry her, but he replied with a melancholy real enough to bring tears from the listeners "You know that we cannot he married, Eller, we are unfit for that l.appinefs poor, unfortunate creatures thut wo are ! A country Dditnr n, ha received the fol lowing "stop my paper :" "Dear Sir : I Lave looked enrefully over your paper for six months, for the death of some individual 1 was acquainted with but not a single soul I rave any thing about haa dropped off, you will please Lave my namo erased." Bad sait to catch a wife Poverty and a rod nose. Good bait Brass watch, a few coppers to rattlo in l;ea of dollar, and a good suit or clothes, tho bill for the latter being unreceipted. Grain andFiocr Beititts. The receipt of Canadian grain nt Oswego, N. Y . Tor IMS, were 9,459.172 bushels against 6,582. 42U for the previous year. The receipts of Canadian flour in 1855, were 224,043 barrels, against 167, 207 barrels iu 1854. The failure of Barntim the hnmbnj; is an nounced as probable if not absolute. Self-denial. Thcro never did, and never will exist, anything permanently noble and excellent iu a character which is a stranger to the exercise of a Ksoluto self-denial. Grals Chop or Ilmkois. The Chicago Press estimates the grain crop of Illinois lor 1655 us follows : lbO.OOO.ObO bushels of wheat, uud 50,000,000 bushels of oats, barley und rye. "Take a wife, Tom, said Richard Brine-tley Sheridan to his wild son Tom, the father of Mrs. Nortjn, "take a wife and reform." "With all my heart," repl'ed Tom, iduo, cently, "whose wife shall 1 take. It is a sinija1r Tact that nine oat of every ten meu swrndled at mock auction stores aro gentlemen who never took ti newspaper. The eyes of a pretty woman are tho inter preter uf the languuge of ber heart. Tbey translate what her tongue has a great difScul tj ia txpressiog. Omit co duty, commit no iioiuJue,
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers