NBURY ERIC AT 6 II. B. MASSER, EDITOR AND PHOPMETOR. OFFICII, MARKET STREET, OPPOSITE THE POST OFFICE. 51 jrsmdtf sitfospaptv Deuotcn to Jjolftfcs, fiftciaturr, jWorautij, jfortfait nntr Domestic ilctos, Science nxto the Girts, aortculture, -fttarftets, flmttftcments, Ht . SUNBURY, NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY, PA., SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 12, 1853. NEW SERIES, VOL. 6, NO. 84. OLD SERIES, VOL. 14, NO. 8, AM TERMS OF THE AMERICAN. THE AMERICAN I. pnbli.heci every Salurdsy i TWO DOI.I.AUS per uiniutn to be paid bulf yearly in dvance. No piper discontinued until all arrearage, ar. All eoinmunication. or letter. On '""'""V "J!" to he oifiee, to insure attention, must be FOS f 1 AlU. TO CLUBS. "Itree copiet to one address, fn nn even r 1 Do 'iftecn Do Do WOO Five dollar, in advance will pay fot three yeat a uu rriptiun to the American. n. Bimnre of 1(1 line., 3 time., .very .ubaeiiueiit insertion, ne Square, 3 moiithl, lx month., tie year, mines Card, of Five line., per annum, lorehant. and other., advertising by the year, with the privilege of inserting different advertisement, weekly. VT larger Adverti.ement., a. per agreement. 100 43 30(1 600 t!U0 300 1000 H. B. ATTORNEY AT LAW, SUNBURV, PA. Business attended to in the Counties of Nor umhcrland, Union, Lycoming and Columbia, liefer tot T. & A. Rovomlt, "1 Lower ct Unrron, I Soincrs & Snoilgrass, PhilaH. Reynolds, McF arland & Co., Spcring, Good &. Co., J HENRY D0NNEL, " LTTORNS31T AT LAW. OJice opposite the Court House, Siinbury, Northumberland County, Pa. Prompt attention to business in adjoining unties. WM. M. ROCKEFELLER, TTORNEY AT LAW Si Alt IK V, 1A. Doc. 13. 1851. IS. M. L. 6HINDEL, &.TTOR1TET AT LA7T, SUNBURY, PA. Jcccmlwr 4, 1852. tf. octoh i. av7uF(TiTes, FFICE on Broadway, near the Episcopal Church, Sunbury. Sunbury, May 14, 1853. if. SLAWAYEla"&HASrETT. : o I it w t ( a ?M o u ts t , Chestuut Street below 7th, PHILADELPHIA. toai J $1.50 per day. "nila., May 28. 1853. )Uvortli, Branson 5 Co. Importers of & Dealers is Foreign and Domestic iRD W ARE, CUTLERY, &C. Vo. 59 Market St., 1 door belotc 2d St, PHILADELPHIA. ;r they always ieet on hand a large stoci of every variety of Hardware, Cutlery, &c. . DHworth, Henry D. Lnndis, ucl Uranson, James M. Vance. ctoler 10, 1853. ly. 'HEDEAD BROTJGHT TO LIFE!" Sunburn rising out of her sleep of many years. le Iron horse snorting and blowing has arous r sleeping energies and infused new vigor iter prostrate system. One of its first effects :i in the vast amount of new and lashtona oods, just now arrived at W. TENER k COS STORE. r stock is elegant and varied and well worth g : aye, and buying too at the prices they them ; all are respectively invited to inspect iiirchasp. nbury, Sept. 10, 1853. WM. M'CAUTY, B O O K 8 E L L K It , Market Slrect, SUNBURY, PA. 5T received and for sale, a fresh supply of FT ANGELICA I- MI'S II! tinging Schools. lie is also opening at me, a Urge assortment of Books, in every h of Literature, consisting of :try, History, Novels, Romances, Scientific ;s, Law, Medicine, School and Children's i, Bibles ; School, Pocket and Family, belli ind without Engravings, and every of vari ' Binding. Prayer Books, of all kinds. 10 just received and for sale, Purdons Di f the laws of Pennsylvania, edition of 1851, jnly ?6,00. ge Reads edition of Blackstones Commen. in 3 vols. 8 vo. formerly sold at 910,00, ow offered (in fresh binding) at the low of 80,00. Treatise on the laws of Pennsylvania re ng the estates of Decedents, by Thomas P. n, price only 84,00. vels. Voyages and Adventures, all ol will be fold low, either for cash, or coun sduce. ruary, 21, 1852. it. NOTICE, Bask or Nohtui'mukuhjii, ) Northumberland, June 25, 1853. J Directors of the Bank of Northumberland otice that they intend to apply to the next ature of this Commonwealth, for a renew ts charter with the same capital, and with isent title, location and privileges. By f the Board; JNO. TAGCfAtfT, Prest. s 25, 1853. 6m. riCE is hereby given, that application 'ill to made to the next Legislature of ylvauia. for the incorporation of a company, iscounting privileges, to be located in tne b of Sunbury, irf the county of Northum I, with capital of One hundred thousand , to be called tire "SunittAaHita tavng3 f." bury, June 25, JS53 6m'. LEATHER. RITZ k HENDRY, Store, 29 N. 3d street PHILADELPHIA aero Manufacturers, Curriers, Importers, ision and General Leather Business. WHOLESALE & RETAIL. Manufactory IS Margaretta Street. ., August 20, 1853. ly. 'KLRY A nice assortment of Gold and ter Pencils and Pens, for sals cheap by G, ELSBERG &. CO., Market street, opposite the Post Olbes bory, Oct, 8. 1853. SELECT POETRY. THE FARMERS DAUGHTER. She my not in the mazy dance Wilh jewell'd maidens vie ; She may not smile on courtly swain With soft bewitching eye ; She cannot boast a form and meiil That lavish all aboul her; But ah ! she has much fairer charms, ' The farmer's peerless daughter. The rose nnd lily on her cheek Togeiher love to dwell ; Her laughing blue eyes wreathe around The heart a witching spell ; Her smile is bright us morning's glow Upon the dewy plain ; And listening to her voice we dream That spring has come again. The timid fawn is not more wild, Nor yet more gay and free ; The lily's cup is not more pure In all its purity ; Of nil the wild lion-en in the wood, Or by the crystal water, There's none more pure or fair than die The farmer's peerless daughter. The haughty belle whom nil adore, On downy pillows lies, While forth upon Ihe dewy lawn The merry maiden hie; And wilh the lark's uprising song, Her own clear voice is heard ; Ye may tint tell which sweetest sings, The maiden or the bird. ThPti tell me not of jewelled fair ; The biightest jewel yet Is Ihe true heart where virtue dwells, And innocence is set ! The glow of health upon her cheek, The grace no rule hath taught her The fairest wreath that beauty twines Is for the farmer's daughter. (tl)c lUilDcrncss. Prom Cminbtir1s Ptwkrt Miscellany. ELEPHANT KRAAL IN CEYLON. One hot morning in November, 18 , we set off from Kandv, lor the purpose of seeing that interesting sight, an elephant kraal, which was to lake place the next day, eighteen miles distant. Our resting place, however, was eight miles beyond ; and although in this country twenty-six rr.iless would be no great ride for a lady, yet in a tropical climate it was rather an undertaking. However, I must either have done so, or given up what I was most de sirous to witness, as we could not secure any coolies, or palanquin-bearers, at that time in Randy, they being all engaged to carry down tents, &.C., to the kraal, for the general and his party. The day was for tunately rather cloudy, and although the heat was very great, we had not the direct power of the sun to contend with. We did not reach Kornegalle till six in the evening, as we rested half-way for some hours, during the hottest part of the day. I was dreadfully tired, so was glad to find that the kraal was not to toke place the next day, but on the one alter. It was a very pretty as well as an amusing ride; the whole country seemed in motion : elephant-carts and bullock-bandies, loaded with furniture and eatables, on their way to Cospeletic Orji, where several tents were pitched ; and for same miles near the intended scene of action, the remains of fires, broken branches of trees, &c, gave it the appearance of having recently been a gipsy encampment. On the morning of the kraal, our party started at daylight, some on horseback, and the rest in an elephant-cait, in which we got over the ground pretty well, with out Ihe pnee being unpleasant. The greater part of Ihe gentlemen arrived at Cospeltie the day before, as it was intended to drive the elephants into the enclosure in the evening, and take them prisoners next day, which would have been done easily, as in the afternoon the herd had come very near the entrance. With respect to the kraal, it was nothing more than an enclosure about 200 yards long, and nearly square in torm, made with very strong posts, or rather, small trees, stuck in the ground, and bound together. The inside was a thick jungle, with large trees in it, and the outside the same, excepting where it was cleared sufficiently to admit of the fence and a path round it. The entrance was about ten feet wide, wilh deep holes ready for the stakes to be driven in, the moment the poor brutes were entrapped. It was covered by a few green boughs, and is gen erally so contrived as to be in a track the elephants are in the habit of follawing. I saw several of these paths, and very curi ous they were : some appeared like covered archways, where the jungle was high, and were to thick, that I could think nothing but an elephant could make its way through. Kraals are only constructed in parts of the country frequented by elephants and when it is known that there is a herd in the neighborhood. As soon as the enclusure is finished, the elephants are surrounded by a crowd of peeple, who form t circle from the entrance of the kraal, and enclose them within it. This circle of course is very large and varies according to circum stances ; in this instance, when we arrived, the animals were enclosed in a circle of about two mllet. Whenever they attempt to break through, thry are driven back by the people, who shout and yell with all their might, beat the tom-toms, discharge guns, and at night fires are lighted at every ten or (weive yards' distance found the circle, and this always frightens the ele phants. The natives arc most anxious to have them destroyed, as they do much mischief, particularly to their paddy-fields ; so that at all the kraals the natives in hun dreds volunteer their services, which of course are gladly accepted. Government gives a premium of 3 for every elephant captnred. A very large tret at one end of the en closure was selected for the spectators, on which, about one-third of the height up, was laid a platform, capable of holding thirty or forty people, and formed of small branches fastened together by what is call ed jungle-rope, which is nothing more than the creepers which are twisted round every tree and bush. It is very lough and strong, as may be supposed ; but 1 confess I should have felt safer wilh a piece of English rope. A very large parly of us sat down to an excellent breakfast in the tents ; and the yelling appearing to come nearer and nearer, we were advised to make the beat of our way to the tree, which we ascended by a steep ladder, and found it very comfortable, as we were completely shaded from the sun by an awning of cocoa nut leaves. Having gained this command ing point, our patience was tried for sever al hours; for though the elephants were 1 often so near the entrance that we could see the bushes move, and sometimes their ears flapping, they always broke away aznin, till nt last, about three o'clock, eight elephants were driven into Ihe kraal. Then the noise of the people became deaf ening, and their shouts and yells of triumph drove the poor creatures on ; and we had a fine, view of them, as they came rushing towards us, crushing the jungle in every direction. The posts were immediately put down nt the entrance, and the natives stationed themselves all around the fence; and whenever the animals came near it, they were driven back by howling and waving white sticks at them. It is said that the elephant particularly dislikes while, which is the reason the wands are flourished; but perhaps it is that white is more conspicuousthan anything else among the dark green. They were driven back several times till they had half exhausted themselves, and were then comparatively quiet in the thickest cover they could find, and all we saw was an occasional shower ofearlhthat they tossed over their bodies wilh their trunks. In the course of the preceeding night, the rest of the herd had broken through the watch, and got clear off, and the gentlemen were loud in their regrets that they had not then been driven in. I was very glad this had not been done, as I think the rush ol the elephants into the kraal was the finest thing we saw. Having thus fo lar succeeded, the next thing was to secure them; and for this purpose Ihe tame elephants were introduced inlo the kraal. Six very lare ones were brought in, just under our tree, and began breaking down the jungle, and clearing a space round the large trees to which it was intended to tie the wild ones. It was real ly wonderful to see them twining their trunks round sorn of the smaller trees, and with two or three good shakes laying them flat. They sometimes pushed their head against a tree, so as to bring the whole force of their body upon it, and then down it came ; as for the brushwood, part of which was upwards of six feet high, they really mowed it down with their trunks. In about an hour's time, the whole was, comparatively speaking, clear, and the poor herd had no longer any hiding-place, but stood all huddled close together in a little thicket, about the middle of the kraal. There was one very little thing among them, not much bigzer than a large pig, and they seemed to take the greatest care of him, keeping him in the centre of them. Each tame elephant had two men on his back one to guide him, and the other to noose the wild ones, which did not seem to be much afraid of them, as they allowed them to come very near, and then walked rather slowly away. One of the tame ones then followed, in the most stealthy ana treacherous manner possible ; and when he came close enough to Ihe wild one, he be gan coaxing and tickling him with his trunk, whilst the man wilh the noose, which is fastened round the tame one's neck, slipped of! his back with it, and watched his opportunity to throw it over the hind-leg of the other. He soon did this, as apparently the tame one gave the wild elephant a poke with his tusk, which made him lilt his leg to move on ; and in a moment he was prisoner. While the man was thus employed, it was curious to see the care which the tame elephant took of him, interposing his huge head in such a manner that the wild one could not touch him; and if he should fail of securing the wild elephant, which sometimes happens, the tame one puts out his leg for the man to mount on his back, and sets off in pur suit again, which is sure to be successful in the end. When the poor animal was noosed, he set up adreadlul yell, and tried t escape; but that was impossible, for the other tame elephants came up and headed him, which ever way he attempted to go ; whilst the one to which he was (astened bent his body the way he wished to take him, and pulled linn along with all his strength to the tree to which he was to be tied.. When he was dragged close to it, the tame one walked round it two or three times wilh the rope, till he was quite secure Another came to his other side, and thus he was wedged so closely between them that he could not make much resistance ; and if he did, he was immediately thrust at with the tusks of both of them. In this way, his legs were all firmly tied to two trees by great Cable-ropes, When the tamo ones left him to go in search of the others, he began struggling most furiously, and moaned and bellowed in a very melancholy manner, frequently throwing bimsell on the ground, and dig' ging his teeth into the earth, while the tears were rolling down his lace. At though I came on purpose to see all this, and should have been much disappointed if I had not, still I could not help feeling very sorry to see the noble animal suffering so acutely. My consolation was, that some day he would have the pleasure of doing the same to others, for it really seemed pleasure to the tame ones, tin cnei I brought back the rest of tbe herd, which looked at him through the boshes, but did not attempt a rescue, which they ollen do, but took to their heels whenever they saw the tame ones turn in their direction. In this manner they were all secured, excepting the lit'le one, as hecould not do much harm, and always kept close to his mother, which was very quiet, and there fore only lied by three legs. A young !- pliant is, I think, the drollest-looking creature possible. This one was supposed to be about three months old, but it made more noise than all the rest, and trumpeted and charged in great style. JCraals are now much less frequent in Ceylon than they used to be. Some years ago, there was one in the town of Kandy, in which a good many elephants were ta- en ; and a gentleman told me he was. pre sent at one in Tangalle, where 270 were enclosed, which no doubt must have been very fine sight ; but of course only a few, comparatively spiaking, could have been taken, the rest must have been killed. There are now immense numbers in that part of the island, but still Ihev are decreas ing everywhere, and must continue to do ns the population increases, and the counliy is laid more open. It is dangerous to meet a single elephant. He is almost sure to attack you, but a herd will allow you to come very close to them, without attempting to touch you, unless ey are irritated by being hunted or fired ; but it is a hopeless case if you meet a rogue elephant, as a single one is called in Ceylon. People tell you that they have been dismissed from the herd for miscon duct, and that that is the reason why they are always so furious. There is a little stream near the kraal at Cospeltie, where, some years ago, the itippnl man (as the postman is called) was killed by a rogue lephant early in the morning. The poor lellow was loid that an elephant was on the road, but he did not like to delay, and pushed on. Some people, who were not far off, just heard the animal roar, and a sort of moan followed. When it was day- ght, the unfortunate man's body was found crushed in a frightful manner, but his death must have been instantaneous. There were temporary stables near Kor- negalie, where the elephants were kept till tame enough to be made useful. We went and saw them. There were ten ele phants in the stall;, which had been taken a kraal in the neighborhood a month before. Some of them were very wild and ooking, one little one, as usual, making more noise than all the rest ; and as he was strong enough to knock a man down, he was tied by the lej in the stall. He was alterwards given to the 78th High landers, who brought him home, and was made a pet of by the rpziment. The situation of the elephant in his stall must be both painful and uncomforta ble, and there is often great difficulty in fastening him in it ; it is made just wide enough to admit him, but not sufficiently so as to allow of his turning round. There is a widestall on each side, into which two tame ones go, dragging their prisoner into the middle one, and remain beside him un til he is secured to posts by each of his egs. He therefore can do no injury but with his trunk, and not much with that, as his neck is also fastened to a beam abo'e. In this irksome position he is kept for forty days, without the power of turning round or lying down ; the only change permit ted is when he is taken down to the water to wash, which is done every day ; and that cannot be much pleasure to him, as he walks belween h:s two tame friends, which keep so close to him, that he has very little power to move or look about him. Each elephant has three men to wait upon him; and a nativedoctor is always in attendance. Alter forty days, he is rrradually allowed more liberty, and generally in three mouths he is perfectly tamed, and sent down to Colombo to be educated. The most ciuel part of the business is, that he is tied so lightly, his legs are full of sores, and quite raw. I think tins might be obviated with a liltle more care ; but as it does not in jure his value, the people do not much concern themselves about his sufferings. Sometimes they feel their captivity so much, that they will neither eat nor drink, and actually die of a broken heart ; and when a very young one is caught, it must be seperated from his mother, as alter the first day or two the poor Hung can never give it any nourishment. They are fond of their young ones, and olten the mother does not survive the separation, but pines away by degrees. Two ol those we saw captured were brought into Kornegalle the next evening; they were very quietly walking each be tween two tame ones, to which they were fastened by strong ropes, which were hist thrown round the necks of the tame ones, and then round those of the wild; their hind-legs were also loosely tied together, so as to allow of their walking, and it was really surprising to see how easily they Went along. Once only one of them tried to lie down, and would not move for some time; but his companions at last roused him, by poking him well with their tusks, and after that there was no difficulty. We stopped at the kraal Ihe next day on our way home, anil saw the rest of the animals still tied to their trees. One of them was remarkably fieroe, he trumpeted and lashed his trunk about, and tried to charge at us as far as the ropes would allow him. We heard afterwards that he broke his neck on his way to Kornegalle, from his violent eflorts to break loose; iind a few days after, the mother of the little one was found strangled in her stall, probably with her exertions to get at her young one, for she was the tamest and gentlest of them all. The little thing was brought into Kandy in a bullock-cart, and required no fewer than fifty men (not Europeans) to lift him in. He was given to the general, who was very anxious to rear him ; and fo week oi two be seemed to get en very well, drank twelve bottles of biiflab milk in the day, besides paling a quantity of rice and plantains; he Was very lar from being tame, and was obliged to be tied. However, he died after isiht or ten hours' illness, without any cause that could be assigned, but probably Irom overfeeding and want of exercise, lie did take a walk with two attendants every morning, but of course that was not the same as roaming about in his native jungle. There is one thing about the elephants in Ceylon that puzzles every one, and that is, whether those with tusks are a distinct breed or not. Tusked elephants are very rare; and though they are always males, still vpry few have tusks, whole herds be ing frequently encountered without one tusker amongst them. When they do happen to have one, the others seem to be very proud of him ; he is taken the great est care of, and always kept in the centre, so that it is very difficult to get a shot at him. In no other respects but his tusks can he be distinguished from other ele phants, and he is to be met wilh of all sizes. To shoot a tusker is, consequently, the am bition of all sportsmen in Ceylon. From the North Atneriennmiil V. P. Gazette. PESIXSYLVAMA ('OIL FIF.I.D AMD THE LAKH Til aim:. Shamdkin, Nov. 1. 1353. Messrs. Editors: It is to tlno Of our city brethren whose knowledge of our boundless resources ha. been gained more from per sonal observation than mere representation, that we rude denizens of the interior must look for aid when nnfaiily dealt wilh Yon have ventured among us have seen, wilh your own eyes, our vast mineral and agricul tural wealth, our projected improvement., which are designed to place us in communi cation wilh the leading markels of ihe coun try and have given your readers bona fide impressions iiiBlcad of ihe delicious emana tions, oflentimes set afloat by persons wholly unacquainted w ith what they write about. Your indulgence, therefore, is claimed, for a few moment", in the coirection of errors, go ing the rounds of papers, that are calculated to do this section of ihe State injustice. It is assumed, in a comparison between the Northern, or Wyoming, coal region nnd the Middle, or Shamokin, region, that the former is 57 miles nearer Buffalo than the latter is to Erie. Upon this hypothesis is based the cost of coal nt the two points named on Lake Erie, and the advantage is given to the Wyoming region by the writer as follows : From the Wyoming minesto BrTulo i. 317 mile.. Clutrpe for tra'o.p'iruitiun, at lj cent per ton per mile gaon Cost of coul per ton in the cai.at the mines, say 1 U0 rrice at which it can he ftirni.hed at Ruftulo SI 03 The distance iV'im tfhainokni, vm unhury, Willion). P'rt. nnd the tfunbmy Dud Erie Kuilroed, to Erie city, i. ,H'l innvu. Charge for trampoitation at 1, rent per ton per mile. - - S3 F0 Cost of coal per ton, in the can at the mines, say 1 00 Total cost at Kiie City, from Shnmokiii - -64 60 Though it does not appear fiom this what point Ihe writer started at, in the Wyoming region, to reach Buffalo in 247 miles, slill it is fair to presume that his calculation wa founded upon the construction of a branch road from Pittston 10 Waverly, in continua tion of the coniemplated North Pennsylvania, or Eastou and water Gap H iilway. If there were no barriers in the way of the comple tion of this load, it might be made tip pear that the Wyoming region in a few miles nearer to BniTalo Ihitn tho Shamokin recion is to Erie; but not by a difference of 57 mill's, as is rontended. Tho building of this branch will finally be deemed impraelieablei for the very good reason that it will be able to obtain but a meagre pnilinn of Ihe coal tonnage of that region. The North Blanch Canal, yon are aware, runs fiom Pittston lo Athens, close by Waverly, with rapacity suf ficient to carry all the coal I hat that section of Ihe region eau send to western New York, while Ihe Lackawana and Western railway 10 miles higher up Ihe valleywith its eon nexions to Buffalo, already in operation will absorb all the trade in its vicinity. This is rendered lhu more ceitain, from the fact that the coal opeiations f that locality are owned nnd operated by tho capitalists of New York, who also own and control the Lackawana and Western Road. It is not reasonable to suppose that n company thus situated could, in any contingency, notwith standing il may ben few miles further from a given point on Lake Erie, be effected by a rival interest such ais pioposed. Besides, the Lackawana road is of uniform gauge with the Buffalo railway, while, for aught I hat is known lo the contraiy if the bianch fiom Pittston lo Waverly isto be a continua tion of the North Pennsylvania load there would be a change in the gunge at Waverly, and consequently make transhipment neces sary. The pmper poiul, therefore, to start frein, it must forcibly strike every one, in measuring tho distance to Buffalo, is Scran ton, the beginning of the Lackawana and Western railway. Taking Ibis for granted BnfTalo is just thirty miles further I mm ihe Wyoming mine, or, as it may be called, the Lackawana region, than is shown by the figures quoted. The following table of dis tances satisfactorily demoustiales I hits ; From rVranton to Great Bend Great Bend lo IJiiicliainptoii Biiifrtiainptou to Klnor Khnini to llorneltivilta llornellaville to Atlica Atllca to Butt'alo S3 miiis. IS M 60 0 3'i 877 Total miles to BnrTulo Instead of 817 mile, mcorectly set dowu. In regard telhe distance from Shamokin the heart of the middle region to Erie, by the Sunbury and Erie Railway, ihe writer is even more out of the way. Lata surveys of tbe Sunbury and Krie route show lhat Ihe harber ot Erie pronounced lbs bust en the Lakes, having an average depth of 20 feet water, with an area of six miles square, and being freer from the obltruclion by ice en r- lief in the spring nnd later in the fall than ""j ouirr poiiu is uut xwj mues irom rna in ikii , instead of 304 miles making a differ eneo of 35 miles. Wilh these corrected dis tances, nnd without taking into account the superiorly of grade of the Sunbury mid Eiie, which would, of course, greatly lessen ex pense of transporlnlion, let us see how stands the relative cost of coal, from the two re gions, on lake Erie. From Shnmokin to Krie. Sfifl mile, si a ctinrite nf 1 rent prr ton per mile for trinupoitnlion, tho C t i. R.1 flfi I w,'.. u, uuui pci tun in me car. at nie mine, any Total port ... i From Scrnnt'in to BofTnlo. S77 miles, nta clmrcc for r ... t - I .1 l oo 31 30 j tratmportulicin of 1 cent per ton per mile, the cost 1. ..... S3 4" Coat of coul at mines, any . : 4 1 00 Totnl enri of Buffalo from Wvnming -' PI in) Total cost at Erie from Phnmoklu 4 3d Difference in favor of flmtn kin . . luj Instead of the 72 cents per ton ngainst the region, while in actual distance there is 8 miles in fuvor of the Sunbury and Eiie route. This changes somewhat the co.nplexion of the writers's figures sufficiently so to give a nico advantage to Ihe middle Region though it is far less that is claimed, with great plausibility, by those who are presum ed to be well versed in the various routes leading to Ihe Lakes of the Northwest. Mr. Longenecker, President of the Philadelphia and Sunbury road, in a late report, not only shows that the Sunbury and Erie route has an advantage, in distance ot 35 miles over the route from Scranton to Rnfialn, over the route from Seranlon to Dunkirk. 28 miles, and over the route from Pittston to Dun kirk, 66 miles; but takes tho position that the Sunbury nnd Erin railway can deliver coal at Erie at S4 per ton, wilh a profit of SI 50; nt which rates 10 per cent., on a capital of 815,000,000, would be yielded the Company for the transportation of one million tons coal alone. This, it must be borne in mind, i simply Ihe revenue derivable from back freight, the same cars brinuing to the east the products of the Lnke country, as" well as (he productions nf Ihe belt of country through which Ilia road passes, some eghty miles wide, anil carrying to ihe West, in re turn, the coal of thn Middlo Region. Such Mr. L. shews very plainly, cannot be tho case wilh the return cars on tho New Yjrk and Erie road, a portion of which railway is used by Wyoming region to teach Buffalo He nays : '.The Lackawana Coal region is rot in the fine or in the course of the New York and Erie from Dunkirk to New York but is reached by the road of Ihe Lackawana Rail road Company, 48 miles in length, and run ning off in a westerly direction from New Yoik. The return cars of the New York and Erie road could not reach the Lackawana coal fields w ithout going and returning a dis tance of 48 miles, equal to a deflection of 06 miles. If, therefore the cars or boats carry ing coal from the Lackawana region go west loaded, and return lo their coal fields empty the consequence is that the . distances are nearly doubled upon them, as compared wit) cars carrying coal over the Sunbury and Erie, which go out loaded, and return not only with cargoes paying expenses, but freighted irith such goods as will pay a more profitable remti neration than the coal carried teestward. 1 think it clear, therefore, lhat in regarding your extraordinary advantages in distance : and carrying coal as back freight, that your i road will outrival all possible, competition for carrying coal." ! Ii is proper to remark here lhat Mr. I.ongo- ' uecker, in his estimate of distances from Ihe Wyoming region, compared w ith ihe Shamo kin legion, odds the usual ailowae.ee !t transhipment al different places. This account for the discrepancy between hi l:; nres and those upon which Ihe prece.lie c.i!. dilation is based. Of the two, h:s is nearest ihe mark in the shipment ufcu.il, but ei her places the Sunbury and Eiie far erion-h in the foreground to be out of the reach tf ihe j route fiom the Wyoming. It will be seen, too, that Mr. L., whose close connexion wilh ihe Middle Region cnubles him lo speak advis. edly upon this point, gives it ns his opinion lhat coal can be delivered at Erie, over ihe Sunbuiy and Erie mute, for f 4 per Ion. Now, even admitting that lho assumption wilh regard lo Ihe Wyoming leg, on bu cm- reel, tho Shamokin region leaches lhu Lake slid at less cost. In addition to all this and w hich is of paramount importance In our Pmludelphia friends the leiiniuus of lhu Sunbury and Krie Railway, at E:ie, is in ihe ueihboihood of one hundred miles farther west on the Lake than Bnlfulc. This great advantage cannot fail lo attract Ihe bulk of travel from our cities of the Lake country. It is a feature in Ihe route unapproachable by any other line, whether leading through onr own slate or New York. But, ru the compatisnti ofdis'auce between Ihe two regions, it will be observed, no note is made of a difference in guides. The ac tual number of miles is alone considered. )l should not be understood from this thai the ruotes f'Oin Shamokin lo Erie, and from Sciauton lo Buffalo, are on like fooling in this respect. Such would be a highly erin neotis impression. The laot of the case is, Ibat the Stinbnry anl Erie roule enjoys great er advantage over its rival, in favorable grade., than it does in distance. This w ill be admitted w hen it is known that the as cending grades of ihe route by Scranton are somewhere about one-third more- feet than the Sunbury and Eria route. Thie superiori ty places the Middle Region in a position lo command a Urge, if not the lion's, share of the coal trade of the Lakes. The coat of transportation is so much lessoned ihereby that competition, even by those fw (faim clo-' i s-r proximity to the west, will be found an up. sort nt business. An idea of ihe relative expense of carrying freight over different grades can be furrned from the following In ble. It is the estimnte of a chief engineer on one of the Southern roads. It shows the nett weight (in tnnsof 2200 lbs ) which can be drawn by a 24 ton engine with eight dri ving wheels, on grades from a level to 150 , ... 1 feet, viz : FIIET ri'.K M1I.K. Ornte I Urel mi an. 30, 4ni 5n. 0". 701 snt nonoo. t loii-jn' 1 eis 40s aii.iiisi'.wiosiiii vnvm iou' ool i-ai 71 Weight Tho rapid decrease of tbe cffeclivo power of a locomotive, as the grade increases, i v ". be seen is so great, that the seb e i n routes for railways with comparatively or no ascent is a matter of primary iV,p-ir. tance. The roads thus lavorably located can never bn supplanted, in (Jie transportation of freight, by those that are obliged lo overcame heavier grades. Much less are they ab!r: to do it, when to this is adileJ an advanlasje in actual distance; in both of which features the Sunbury and Erie takes tho lead of the routo from Scranton. Without reference to the other contempla ted roads, it is admitted on all hands that the Sunbury and Erie commands itself strongly lo ihe favor of capitalists especially to Phii- delphians. And it is gratifying to know lhat it has enlisted in its interest snmo of your' best informed and most reliablo citizens. Mr.F ernon, whose views on thisand olhef routes have been published in pamphlet form; says that if Philadelphians' build this road, as they will, besides carrying thither a propor tion of lho Lake trado that now enriches other markets, it will attach to Philadelphia a laige and influential portion of the State to ba traversed by it, which else will bo estran ged from her forever. As n State work, en compassed wilh local considerations, he re gards its importance to Philadnlphia of thai grave and lasting character which cannot ba measured by the dollars and cenls required lo insure its completion as a Philadelphia; work. Job. R. Tvsox, Esq ; ia his loiters on the commerce of Philadelphia, is equally explicit and strong in his support of this enterprise. He looks upon its completion, in connexion with Ihe present railway communication to' Pittsburg, as the "era when Philadelphia will Commence her precedence of New York in the commerce of the Lakes, which is now ascertained to amount lo two hundred millions of dollars per annum" equal, in value, to' the whole foreign commerce of ihe country; This immencp. and opulent trade; Mr. T. says; is impatiently waiting for a transit. New York, at an expense nf 824,000,000, and Bal timore, nt an expense of $15,000,000, are struggling to participate in its inappreciable bsnefi's. The prize is really w ilbin the grasp1 of our prertt emporium. John Tccker, Esq., than whom no one is" better prepared to speak upon a subject of the kind, in a letter written some time since, demonstrates the following facts: 1st. That the Sunbury and Erie route is? the shortest, in actual distance, between the Lakes and the Atlantic. 2d. That ft crosses the Allegheny moun tains with belter grades than any other line ' now completed or projected. 3J. That in equated distance if exhibit ' advantages w hich defy competition He says it has been a matter of astonish ment to him that Philadelphians have, for so' long a time, exhibited so much apathy about this important work, and is f the opinion thai the question need only to be understood pre per !v to divest your citizens of the indif iV.'rtiv'e they have heretofore manifested to wards ihe enterprise. The judgment of these gentlemen, all of whom are riiiladelphiuns, cannot fail to im press your people favorably wilh lite propos ed road. Notwithstanding the diversity at opinion about the prr.pifely of the County Hoard subscribing S2,000,()CO to the slock of the Company, ihe sentiment of the informed everywhere will concur in the views herei;i expressed. Anthracite. axcie.it sii.vkr Mit:. The Lancaster (P.i.)f Whig gives a long and interesting account of Ihe recent opening and exploration of a mine of argentiferous: galena in Peqiiea valley, Lancaster county which was known and worked prior lo ilia revolutionary war. Tha old shafts bavo been cleaned out by direction of some Phila delphia capitalists, and Ihe ore assayed by Dr. Fnhne.tock, of Lancaster, krf pronoun ce, it it contain upwards erf five hun dred dollars worth of silver to fhd ton of lea I. Piolessor Huolh and other Chemists have also made assays, it is etated, and with similar results. The ore yields about eighty per cent, of lead. Copper anJ Xino ores ure afco found in the Fame place, which contains a considerable amount of silver, though tha exact quantity has not yet been ascertain-d.. Ki iK t...t.: . ..(.,. .. .. "'""'"H "oi ui urs revolutionary war, shafts and tunnels vtere catefully closed up,, and all operations ceased j and snbsequenllf all truces of tbe mine were iost and forgot ten. Taming Dee. There is a man in trtiuois earned Gender, whn cultivates white clover, buckwheat, ke , expressly (0 Teed his bees, of which he has five hundred hives. He gee. amotl( iho been without fear of being lungr and be says they all know him. Ha takes them np by tha handful, but yet is never tuog. Mr Gender sold hear seven ions of honey duiing IMS, at an average of I3fc cen'a a pound. Thai i beautiful voi'e hey.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers