S II NTH k3 U II Jjj AMER ID V r. A TV 110 JL OFFICE, MAHKET STREET, OPPOSITE THE POST OFFICE. IT. B. MASSEPi, EDITOR AND PHOPlUETOPi. JLlJiu gi.L SI .ir.nmfly iirtuspnpcr-Dr)otrti Yo'jjolttfcs, aftcrntuvc, iHoraltts, jrorclflit nnU Domcstfc Clrtos, science ant the 3rts,jaiilraM fee NEW SERIES, VOL. 0, NO. 81. SUNBURY, NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY, PA., SATURDAY, OCTOBER 22, 1853. OLD SLR IKS, VOL 14, KO. C, 1 TERMS OF THE AMERICAN. TflK AMF.IIICAN in piibliilieil every Saturday nt TWO DOt.l.AUt per nilnuin til be puiU hull' yearly in advance. Nit paper .lisciuitiiuicii until all arri'tmigc. are imiii. All eotnmilniention. or letters on business rehtlng to the uflice, tu iuiure attention, must be I'DST TAIL). TO CI.UiM. rtiree eopici to one lulilrc., Fa no f-v,n d n tu 00 J'iitwn di p autK) Five dollars in nitvnnee will pay for Ihtee yctit'. iub. fccriptiun to the American. O0 Snunre of IB lino., 3 time, I'.vefV .ilbsettieul insertion, One 5'iunrr, 3 nionllis, flix niontbs, One year, Uu.inv.s Cnnls of Five lines, per nnnntn, ft on 23 Soil sou HID 3U0 JWelclinnM inn! iitlitxn, mieertixinu by tlie yenr, with tbe privilege of inserting ilirTercnt nitveiliseincitts weekly. 1000 I" l.'ri;er Aitvertiseinents, ti. per ngreomei.t. A T T O U N E Y A T L A W , ECHEURTT, PA. Business attended to ill the Counties of Nor thumberland, Union, Lycoming and Coltiinliia. Kefir to t r. & a. Uovouiit, Lower & Bnrron, Somcrt & Snodirar, Thihul. Reynolds, McF tivlanJ & Co., Uncling, (loud &. Co., HENRY D0NNEL, ATTORNEY AT XiAV7. Office opposite the Court House, Sunbury, Northumberland County, Pa. Prompt attention lo business in adjoining Ctnintit'8. wn7 mT rockefeller, ATTOXINjCIT AT LAW Sl ASIi SlV, Dee. 13. 1831. tf. M. L. SHINDEL, -TTCP.1TET AT Li-V", SUNBURY, PA. December 1, 1852. If. DOCTOlt I. Y. Ill UliKS. OFFICE on Broadway, near llir Episcopal Church, Siniliiirv. Sunbury, May 14, 'lK.'i3. if. LA WHENCE HOUSE, SUNBURY, PA. nnilE subscriber respectfully informs lits friends, J- nnd the public, generally, thai he has oiencd the "Lawrence lIonX'" m:d will do his best rn uruvnis lo iiic.im' tlto pnl'lii-. SAMTKt. T1IOMPS-OX. Putibnrv TV1 50, 1S33 tf. ELAYMAKER & HASLETT. III'. Hint Street lielow 7 Id, tSJI'-AOSLniTA. IhwJ $1.31 V-r (hvj. rinla., Mbv 1S3:1. Dilwnrtli. Uninson tS Co. I.Mi'uit rr.its nK DKAi.i'.r." in I'ori'iU'u ESoE5i;sJ :c HARDWARE, CUTLERY, &C. 2. H'J Mm Li I St., 1 (him-1-luie -2d St, rilll.ADKU'IlIA. Wliero tliry iiIwuvk lift on liand it lame st.W of rverv variety of llaidtvaro, t'litlt rv, fVc. Win. Iilv.vorllt. Henry D. I.nndU. Spimiel Uriin n. JaiiitH M. Vimee. (Moher 10, IM.'iJ. ly. THE DEAD BROUGHT TO LIFE ! Old Sanbitri rifiiig out nf Iter slrcp of iwi.ty years. Tlie Iron horw nortitig and lilowinuf Ii.ik tirons. rd lier Ii'Cj.in cncrgii'ii and inl'.ised new vior into tier prostrate syfitem. One of its first t-lli-rts in seen ill tin- vast iiinonnt of new und iasliioiia lile goods, just now arrived lit T. W. TLNKU & CO S STORE. Tlieir utoek is elemintand varied and well wortli eeinn : uyp, nii'l Intyi'iK l" nt lite prier tliey oiler tliem ; till urc tespc-etuely inviled lo inspect lid pun Imse. Sunlinry, !ept. 10, lS.'l. ' WM. M'CAltTV,' it (i o k s : 1. 1. 1: u , Market Stm t, SUNBURY, PA. J' VST received and fur sale, a fresh supply of r.v l X (a EMC 1 1. .11 1 1 1 J or .Sincintf deltoids, lie is also openiusf nt linie, n large assortment of Hooks, ill every vrnneli of Literature, consisting of Toetrv, History, Novels, Honiances, Scientific Works, I.aw, Medicine, S.liool and C'liildreti' Uooks,' Ui'des J School, 1'ocket nnd Family, both w ith and without Knirravinirs, and every of vari ety of binding. Prayer Hooks, of all kinds. Also just received and for sale, Purdons Di gest of the laws of Pennsylvania, edition of 1851, price only $0,00. Judge Heads edition of Blaekstonei Coinmen. laries, in 3 vols. 8 vo. formerly sold at $10,00, and now offered (in fresh binding) at Iho low price of $6,00. A Treatise on the laws of Pennsylvania re apecting the estates of Ueccdcnti, by Thomas F. (Jordon, price only $1,00. Travel. Voyage and Adventure, all ol which will lc jld low, either for cash, or coun try produce. 'February, 21, 1853. tt. NOT1CK, si: or Noiitiioi bi: Bask or NoiiTiir ih.ulami, ) Northumberland, June ' ic 25, 1853. The Director of the1 Hank of Northumberland rive notice that they ii'"J 10 l'l'1)' u ll,e next Legislature of ihi Commonweal III, for n renew al of it charier with the amc capital, and with tt present title, location and privilege, lly order of the Eourd. JXO. TAGGAKT, Prest. June 25, 1833. 6m. NOTICK VTOTICE i hereby given, that application XI will 1 made to llie next legislature oi .vlv.nia. for the incorporation of a company. with dicounting p ivi'-'Z". to lie located in ti.e . nf Kniihurv. in the county of Ncwtlium- bcrlanil, with a capital of One hundred thousand dollar, to be called luo --oyra ifiiKe." Suiibury, June 25, le53 Gin. I.ItESH Vanilla Bean of a superior quality J- iuit received and for ule by June 4, 185J- 11. B. MASSE R. TRITISG FLUID and self ealing Enve- T lope, iut received aim lor aie Djr A.,U19. i85l II. It. MASSE R. From tlie New York Henild. coai.s of run ,viii)i)i,r: ni:f;io ok BITIOI AT TIIK CIlYSTAf. I'Al.ACK. Not the least attractive pari of the Crystal Palace Exhibition, is the mineral depart ment, n tiller the supervision of Prof. Sillitnan. The collodion of specimens is so vast and varied, repscseuliiig so many grcnt interests, 1 hul Iho visitor is nt once shuck with the power, grandeur, nnd wealth of the nation in minerals jet embedded in iho bowl of llie e.irlh. The deposit of leading manilude and importance to this connlty, is coal We propose, therefore, lo consider to-day, the Black Diamond, as litis mineral is commonly There are three distinct species of coal known, viz: Anthracite, I'iltiminous, mid Caiiiiel Coal : but there is, (jeoloiiists tell ns, an almost indefinite number of varieties, occupying every possible shade of difference between the most perfectly fotmed umbra cite on Ihe one hand nnd of cannel on the other. They run into each other, n writer on the subject obsetves, by such slight varia tions, Ihat it is almost impossible lo tell to which species certain varieties belonu;. Providence lias thus, ns in all his works, shown the benevolence of His character by fiiriiishinir us with ns great n variety, in this most important fuel, ns there is in the uses ' lo which it is to be applied. There is no I one kind of coal that will answer for nil ! purposes, nor i there any kind that is nse ' less, or nnstiitrd to srime purpose. It is for Ihe want of the knowledge of these facts that people often pronounce certain kinds of coal poor, or even woithless; because they do not compml themselves in Ihe same man ner in the lire that other coa'sdo with which they nre acquainted. Every variety nf coal is suited lo the production of some specific elToit. and requires a corresponding variety in the treatment of its combustions. It is not pretended that all kinds of coal are of equal value any more than that all kinds of wqpd are. Fifty years a-jo Anthracite coal was thought to be utterly useless, becar.se it would not burn in tlio grates then in use ;. and it was remarked, that it would, never burn until the last "real conflagration. But a small change, in the form of the grate. nou showed it to be thu most valuable fuel ever known. This country, however, i not only favored wiih every vaiiidv of coal, but has an atea j of square mill's twelve times gteatef than any other country. The coal Held of the ! United Stall's embrace an area of 133,.rG' square miles; those of (I;eat Ibitaiu and : 1 1 -l;i ml only ll.S'i!); those of Ppaiu 3.-WS: Fi nice 1.7ISI. The lliili-h Ninth Ameiicati i Colonics which have ari aiea of H (100 j square miles, is the tenitoiy that tanks next ! to the United States, and tin!, in comqer ni. ( falls into insignificance, j Of the 133.5(1!) sqnaie miles of coal land in the United State?. Pennsylvania has about 1G,0D0 miles, or cue-third of its entire area. Within the state is embraced Anthracite, Bituminous and Semi-Bituminous coal while the other coal states are almost ex clusively made up of the Bituminous and Cannel species. The Anthracite regions, of I Pennsylvania, though coin paiat ively nothing in snpeificial area, placed by the side of the j liitumi nous iainls, lulling slioit ot -HHi square miles, produce more tons of fuel than the almost boundless fields of Bituminous coal. j scattered over Ihe twelve slates. Tlie great ib'posiloiy of Anthracite, in this state, which Taylor, in his statistical wmk, regards as the I only one, in fact, of material value on this I continent, and which forms the most inter-' I .. ..: i.i ,.r .....I ..! i....:. ,t e(lli tissr 11 1 u lau ui isu iui cu v oat-iusin.- i lit. i the woild has yet produced, or the geologist investigated, is divided into thtee distinct cual Holds. They lie in the "counties of Schuylkill, Panpliin, Lebanon, Carbon, Norlhiimbeiland, Luzerne and Columbia, nnd aie watered by the Susquehanna, Schuylkill and Lehigh, and lheir numerous tributary blanches. They are called: 1st. Tha Schuylkill or Southern Region, which extends from iho Lehigh, near Mauch Chunk, on the east, to its western termiuusi at D.inphin, on tha Susquehanna a distance of about seventy-five miles with a width at its greatest breadth of six miles. 2nd. The Middle or Shamokin Region, extends from Buck Mountain, on the Lehigh, to the Mahanoy, ten miles fioin the Susque hanna in length about 50 miles. 3d. The Wyoming, Wilkesbarre or Nor thern Region, extending from its northeastern end, on Ihe headwaters of Lackawanna Creek, to its eastern point nt Shickshinny, ci the north btanch of the Susquehanna a distance of upward of sixty miles. Each of these legions, as well as the bitu minous nnd cannel fields of other States, have specimens on exhibition. Our lemark to. day will be confined lo those of the middle anthracite region of Pennsylvania. There are from this region some twenty-six speci mens taken from the lands ot the companies we shall presently notice. These specimens, though onpretending, and not of the huge bulk of others on the ground, will compare favorably with the best anthracils in the Fair. In point of purity or freedom from slate and eaithly matter desidcia'a of the fust importance these coals, Professor Ro gers, who analyzed tome from the same beds, says will rank with the very purest to be met with in the anlhracile country. This is the Jecsion of all persons competent to pro nounce upon the quality of a coal upon in spection fio:i as pure and slronj, the Pio Tensor gives it as his opinion, can bo manu factured from Ihe anthracite of this region, ns is produced from charcoal. In shnit, these coals nre recommended for their speci fic gravity, lame proportion of caibnirnnd consequent combustion, nnd long continuance and uniformity, their general cleanliness) &c, &c. The Middle region has remained for some years, it may be said alnust w holly unde veloped, owing to n want of facilities fur reaching rtiniket. This dillicully, we nre gratified to know, is being rapidly overcome by the construction of railroads leading to the piincipal innikels of the country, and the formation of improvement companies within the region itself. There are already some nine or ten of these) improvement companies, besides) injjvidnal operations, nil of which nre actively engaged in putting tlieir lands in condition lor the mining of large quant ity. 1. Fiis! in order of these companies is Tub Piiii.adki.i'iiu and ScNBunv Uail hoad Compavv. The lands of this company embiace 3,000 acres of the best coal ptoper. ty of i tin region, running from east lo west six miles, lengthwise with the mountains and coal measures. The vein of coal on the laud, some sixteen in number, can be worked in parallel lines I he v hide of this distance At a point ju ihe veins lespeolively numbered twelve! and thitleeii, there is a woikiug bieasl of coal, of at least 500 yards, tillord ing incomparable operations. From a cal culation before ns, by a ptaciieal geologist, seven of iho sixteen veins of coal belonging tu this company will pioduce two hundred and eighty-three milliont ttiviy-six thousand six hundred and sixty-six tons of coal. Veins Nos 1, 2 and 3. in the conglomerate seiiesi underlie the 3,000 acies. Their Ihieknoss is set down thus : No. 1 U 0 feet thick. No. 2 is 7 feel thick. Nil. 3 is 0 feel thick. Making 22 feet, or 7J yutds. Equal to. in tons. " D9,NG,GGG Veins Nos. 5, 7 and 8, underlie 2 800 acies of the land, and measure respectively II. 6. and 13 feet in thickness, und will yield in tons, 1 3r.o20.000 Vein 12 and 13 uiuloi lie at least 2 000 acies, with a united thickness of 13 feet, and will yield, in tons, 48 400 000 Thus prndlieiug, in tons, ns stated above, the' 2S3,0G(i,G60 D.'diict fiom I li is, fur waste, slate, &c , one-thiid the usual allowance jn other coal fields, and there is left, in merchantable coal, 183,711,111 tons. This enormous quanli'y, it must be re eolleelrd, is independent of the other nine ve ns t ot com. led, which will p:o d ice mil!iens of tons mote. At lens: onc lliird of the coal of thisestate is above water level. On this properly n double coal breaker is erected, 101 feel long, 02 feet wide, and 70 feet high, which will contain eight break ing rolleis, propelled by a fifty horse power steam engine. One hundred nnd fifty houses, for mine s, with six rooms each, nie nlsn under construction. The Railioad of this Company, which extends torn Sunbury, on the Susquehanna, to Mou:.l Cannel, a dis tance of twenty-seven mile, runs through this propeily. Hy this railway, nnd through its projected couuec'i 'lis, they will be enabled to reach the matketsof New Yolk, Ballimoie, Phila delphia, ami the Lakes of the great Noith west. Tin: LccrsT Moi'stais Coai. and 1i;on Ck.mi'anv possess an estate of fi 230 acres of coal land, equal to the best coal piopesty in Pennsylvania. Piolessor 111. ike, of Unstop gave this coal an analytical test, nnd found it to contain !ti 77-100 parts of Catbon, and 3 33-100 eaithy matter only, being freer from impurilios than coals pronounced best in the markets beielofore. There nre seven veins, the thickness of 8 feet, 12, 18, 30 and 471 feet, which nie given in i.x different locali ties, by the three basins extending thiongh i the w hole pioperty, a distance of upwards of live mi)es in lengiti. i tie company is now i constructing three coal bieakers, one steam j saw-mill, and one hundred miners houses. The quantity of mcicliantnble coal nt the disposal of this company is almost incalcula ble. The facilities for reaching maikel will be fust lo New Yoik City, over the Coal Run Railroad, ten miles in length, which connects with the New Yoik tnd Catawissa road ; to Philadelphia, over Ihe Miuehill Ex tension, which inlersects the Reading road; to Baltimore, over Ihe Philadelphia and Sun bury load, intersecting Ihe Susquehanna toad at Sunbury ; and lo the lakes, by llie Sunbury und Erie loule. It is proper lo re mark here, Ihat all Ihe companies und indi vidual operations;, with two or three excep tibn, of the region, will have like ncce.s to the same facilities for transportation The Coal Rcn Improvement Company's Lands consist of 3,000 acres, adjoining the Locust Mountain Company, extending east and west, with a basin of coal nearly one mile in width, and a tract of 6000 acres ad joining the Philadelphia and Sunbury and Luke Fiddler properties. Of the 3,000 acres 2,200 are entirely underlaid wiih coal of su perior quality, it being the Hazleton and Beaver Meadow range, and it is as well as the coal of the other cenpanies, peculiarly adapted for generating gteam and manufac turing iron in its varions branches. The mammoth vein, the jugular, and all the other veins are found on this properly, and contain millions of Ion of coal abovs water level The remainder of the 3 000 acres in timber laud. The Company is fraparin; thtee eol leries, with brnkers of the. largest size, timl fifty minors' l:o ises, The Coal Run Railioad, ten miles I on p. under cons' met ion, is tlie r i -- . property of this company. This road will be one of Iho most profitnbln laterals in the country. It connects with iho New ork and Cutnwiasa Railroad a! one end, nud with the Philadelphia and Sunbury at the other. New-Yoik, through i', is placed within 130 miles of the Middle Region. The GiieknRidcf. I.MrnovEMrsT Company, whose lands are nlso of the Hazleton nnd Beaver Meadow Range, is situated in the middle of the Shamokin basin, nnd conse quently embraces all the veins of ihat basin The quality of the coal stands unexcelled, and is p oiiontieed equal lo the best L"bigh' Hazleton, and Beaver Meadow. It consists of both Ihe w hite nnd red a.-h vaiieiies. Of the seventeen veins on the coupany's pro property, thirteen are white ash, with an ag gregate thickness of fifty-seven feel, and four nre red ash, aggregating twenty-five feet. The veins have n run of about three miles, furnishing nil inexhaustible supply of coal. In this estate there) are 2, .100 ncies, all of which is coal land. The company is build ing a railway lo connect with 111 Philadel phia and Sunbury road. It will be seven .niles in length. Tneie is also in couiho of construction two laige collenes, two coal breakers, and one bundled miners' houses, w ith extensive faculties for thu shipment of coal. Tm:CAnnoN Rt;s I MPRovr.Mi:NT Company's lands, sonsisling of 2 000 acre., lie a short distance west of the Shamokin Gap, near the town of Shamokin, 1 800 acres of which are underlaid with piirne anthracite. Some twelve veins have been ptoven on this pio perty. nod nie found lo aggregate in thick ness sevely-live feet of coal. Aeeoidiim lo the estimate made of the Philadelphia and and Suiibiity Company,, land, this extent of coal would produce 1 4.272,000 tons. The veins have a run of tlnee miles in length The Carbon Run Railroad, being built by this company, will be when finished about three miles and a half in length, miming through the property fmtn east to west, and connect ing with the Philadelphia and Sunbury road to Shamokin. This lateral toad will not only transport the coal ol the company, but will command the tude of other hinds in the vicinity, thus producing for Ihe stockholders more than ordinary teveni.o The improve ments are two collieries, one cnal bleaker of the largest class, with eighty miners' houses, and other facilities calculated to make it a heavy opeialion. The veins aie of the purest quality of white nnd red ush coals Tin: Bn; Moi ntain Improvement Compa ny own fi,O'J0 acies of land, among the most iL'siiable coal pioperty in tie; Sh.iiiinkiii ba sin. Upon this laud are alieady two collier, ies. and woikman ate active in pn-paiing two Cnal tirea,;ers. a s'eam s uv-nui! ntne.it one hundred miucis' houses, i: well as a laleial rail load, one and a quarto! miles long, to in tersect the Philadelphia and Sunbury road at thu town of Sliamokiu There aie fourteen veins on its estate, aggregating a thickness of 105 feet, wrh a inn of two und a half miles. These lauds einl iaee four individual tiacts adjoining each other. Though now in one body, ea: h of them may be opened by separate laleial railways leading lo the Philadelphia and Sin bury road, four coliieiies can thus be established, fiom each of which it is estimated 100.000 lo 200,000 may be annually taken out Th s property is near the town of Shamokin, when! the Shamokin creek cuts the Big Mountain nt light angles) through which Ihe railroad runs l.om Pnila delphia to Siinbuiy. The Si'Mii-r.tiASNA Coai. and Coai. Mors tain Comi'asv, though comparatively small, is among 'he most valuable estates of the Middle Region. It consists of upwards of one thousand acres laud, all of which is un derlaid with coal of a quality misiipassed anywhere. Especially is this so when ap plied to the manufacture of iron. As evi dence of what we say, i: need but be stated that in a small fouudiy nt Shamokin. with a small cupola and small Ian, ami without suf ficient blast to give it a fair liial, with 1 ,'tl0 pounds of coal there weie melted 13,200 pounds of iron, or 7 pounds of iiou to one pound ol coal, ihis company s laud lies t about five miles east of Shamokin, and has a continuous range of about two miles The Mount Cannel branch of llie Philadelphia anil Sunbury Railroad passes through the whole extent of the estate, thus doing away with Ihe usual necessity of consluieling la terals to tap the main road. The company is now mnking arrangements for sending to market a large supply of coal. Eleven veins, varying in thickness from five to twenty feet, have been discovered,- and, by means of shafts, ko., the extent, position, and thick ness of four of them have been determined, which respectively measured six, nine. twelve, and five feet in thickness. Taking the calculation before used this tract will produce, independent of iho unexplored veins, seven lit number, 17;f j9,t00 tons. The Maiianoy and Shamokin Improve ment Company, and the chbk's Kin and f hamomn Improvement Company, are both located in, and embrace the entire width of Ihe western end of Shamokin basin, extend ing from the Little Muhanoy creek ou the noith to that of the main Muhanoy on the sonth, and westward from the water gap of Zerbe's tun to near ihe junction of the Big and Mahonoy mountains, at Ihe termi nation of the coal bisin. The number of veins on these properties is twelve, and a portion of tbem ditclosa coal much beyond tha average thickness of coal seams, and three of them almost rival in size the se cal led Mammoth Vein, of the Poltsville basin. Inn nun I however, is of a softer nature than that of the other companies. Anthracite, os we proceed westward, it isobseived, grows progressively softer an I lefs compact, nnd more gnsenns and free binning. The Inr.d of these companies lies nt tbe extreme western end of the Middle region, which will account for the difference. The first nnmed company owns 2,000 acres of land, 1,200 of which are under-laid with coal, while the latter is in possession of 1,700 acres of coal Inr.d, nnd 3,000 acres timber Inml. The only outlet for both compnriins is on the Susquehanna, ten or twelve miles below Stm bniy, by way of Ihe Tievorto i Railway, has tening to completion, w hich nt that point con nects with the Baltimore and Susquehanna ro.ici nnd the Pennsylvania canal. Improve ments to accumulate nti extensive trade nre under way in this part of the region. In addition to thes!! chartered companies there nre individual ownerships tinder firms worthy of mention. Among them are Messrs. Ilelfe.islein Si Boyd, who have five hundred acres of laud, with four veins of one and a half mile run, two of seven feet thick' neis, nnd two si- feel. They nre known as the Old Luke Fidler Mines, and have been very modeiately worked for two years. Al present a heavy coal breaker and a number of miner's houses are being erected. Messrs, Ilegins, Dewart, and other., have 300 acres, one nnd a half mile run, and two veins eight feet thick each, and one six feel thick. The colleiies of these gentlemen have been woi keinieretofore, but to no gieat ex tent. Messrs. Longenccker, Batimgardner nnd lb lfentien have also a tract of 1,800 ncres, whi"h embraces nil the veins of the basin, with a ion of one mile. A colliery has here been in opetation also for a short lime. Thisanay of preparatory woikable force in the Middle Region will give a tolerable idea of what may hereafter be expected frorri that coal basin The production has not, thus far, in any one year, exceeded 30,000 tons. The impiovemeiit above, if laved to their full ca pacity, will be able lo swell this figure lo millions. It is therefore a matter for congrat ulation Ihat the other regions unable last seasun to supply the demand, nnd no better prepared lo aecommodato the tnultipled wauls for coal this year will have in this coal-field, heteafier, an auxiliary nbnn lantly competent lo more than fill up all deficien cies. In fact, we cannot seo why thu Mid dle Region1 with the extensive railway im piovemeiit in contemplation ami under way, stopping in the bean of its deposits, may not ultimately over reach in tonnage, the regions that have all along had a monopoly of the trade. The Scot!) Iki!!, the Lehigh and Lackawa::- j na coal-field, of Pennsylvania, this year, will I exceed but little, if any, the shipments of I l.ig. Iheie is no well grounded reason for 1 believing either that their tonnage can be ; greatly augmen'o I in futuie seasons. If i this be so and Ihe facts seem to bear us out ! in the p osition we repeat, it is a mailer for congiutnlation that we can look to the Mid- die region for the supply of a portion of the hugely increased demand. The iucieaso in the supply of coal must keep pace with Iho various applications of it luneiv purposes and objects. The means of using it are greatly improved and perfected in crates, and stoves l and furnaces, and iron woik, ami steamers and he is certainly behind the age who ex pects that its usefulness will not still be mine extended. The commercial and manufactuting power of the L niled Slates is not at present judica' it'll in llie consumption ol rnal, ns a is in r.uglanu ami as it w iilDe w uli us in a very few years. Our forests heretofore have fur nished fuel for every w ant. Th is resource is last disappearing, nnd even where there is an abundance it will be reserved for other pur poses than fu.il. Anthracite is ihe substitute, and must eventually take the place of wood altogether. England consumed upwards of 32,000,000 tons of coal last year, while the Uujte.l States scatcely used one-sixth of ihat quantity. This ilispropoilion, no one will pretend lo say, can continue for any length of lime. Until however, we approximate her more closely, we cannot mcasme our gical nes, commeicially and otherwise, by our consumption of coal. I.At'Nl M OF THE LaIIDEST Sllll' IN THE Would. The largest ship ever constincted in this country was launched at Boston on Monday, the 3d just. It is nppiopi lately named the Great Republic. Tne Republio is32.r feet long, 53 feel wide, 3ft feet deep und has four decks. Her tonnage will be about 4000 Ions, being the largest merchant ship afloat i tt the world. It is estimated that in bcr construction 2,380 tons: of ouk have been used in her liauH, hooks and knees; 1. 500.000 'eel of haul pine in hef keelt-oti, ceiling, deck frames, decks and plunging. Her fastening i supenor. Iheie having been used about 300 ions of iron ami 56 Ions of copper, and Ihe amount of labor peiformed upon her is about 55,000 days. She has four decks. She will spread in one suit of sails nearly 16,000 yaids of canvass. Her crew will cousitl of about 100 men and 30 boys. This vessel is destined for Ihe California tiade. Thb Book Trade. There were C9I books published in the United States during tha six months ending June SO, of which 169 were reprints of English books, and seven teen original irarndations from the German and Fieiuav. DefciTid Article?. WOMAN'S RIGHTS fdX VEXTION tllon li FOLLY. Cleveland, Oct. 9. The Woman's Rights Convention re assembled here again ye.-tei day, very quietly, with scarcely any lince of tho storm nf Iho day previous, The harmo ny of llie body was, however, soon again threatened by the introduction of a letter fiom the Rev. T. W. Iligginsnn, nsking the Convention to lake up n collection for the purpose of raising a fund lo print cheaplracls udvocaling woman's righls. Mrs. Barker and Abby Kelley objected, de nouncing the Rev gentleman as a heretic. Lucy Stone replied in indignant terms, af ter which the collection was taken up- Whilst the plate wns going round, some young men in llio gallery said that if Miss Lucy would come up there liersulf, they would shell out. That lady instantly went up, when tho young gentlemen launched out forly dollars. Mr. Garrison introduced a resolution abus ing the world's Temperance Convention for its action against Antoinette Brown. r. . ...... Alter some remiiiK lv Messrs. tin ilmgs and Burleigh, the resolution was carried. Mrs. Baiker mnde nn address of the most blaphemons chaiacler, railed at Ihe Church and the Bible, and abused the clergy as im post ers, &c. Much confusion and excitement prevai'ed during I his speech, Antoinette Brown Indig nantly replied that she was leady lo answer Mrs. Baiker to-dav. The Convention then adjourned until Sat urday. second despatch Ci.kvei.asd, Oct. ft. The closing scenes of Ihe Woman's Righls Convention, yesterday. was most excileinrr. Antoinette Brown re. plied lo Barker's infidel speech, denouncing her as a heretic. Gariison replied, defending Barker. Mr. Nevins also made a reply to Baiker making severe personal allusions, during which he was fieniienlly interrunlfd by; Messrs. Garrison and Barker, until Ihe audi ence, losing patience, finally hUsed them down. Garrison called Nevin a blackgnaul and a rowdy, whereupon a scene of great excite ment ensued After the adjournment, Nevins met Garri son in the slteet, and demanded an nnalnsv. w hich was refused. Nevins then laid violent hands on Gariison, pulling his nnse and other wise maltreating him. The latter made no' lesistnnce, and Nevins was finally taken off I by his fiiends. putting an end to the scene.; Before the lin.i! adjournment it was voted to hold the next Co.iveiition ill Philadelphia, ou the l":ii f Vt( err. 1S.1 1. j Tilt: CRAM til FOIST TR.4riI.ttV. An account of the circumstances of the : recent killing of Major Arnold, at Foil Gia- j h.im, by Dr. J. M Steiner. of Pennsylvania, liasbcen published. The brother of I)r. Stei- ! iter, in a letter lo the editor of the Augusta 1 Chronicle, pionouiices the statement untitle, ' and says: j My brother was placed in arrest by Major Arnold for having published a Lieutenant, for using language to him, which no gentleman ; and man nf courage could lor an instant to!- i erale Major Arnold knowing that my bio- j ther would ask lo know why he was arrested. I (the matter between Steiner and the Lien" tenant being of a private character,) deter-1 mined, in consequence of an old feu, I, lo reply to llie question in such n manner as would force I ho Doctor lo strike him, when he would bo held excusable for tating his life. My brother did not resent the nlTcnsive language in the way Major A. anticipated, but remaike.l that llie reason assigned for his arrest was not in accoidanee with the facts: whereupon Majm A. ilievv one of his pistols and shot at my brother, who was standing about live feel distant. The Doe. tor letttrned Ihe fire, hieukieg tne Maj n's left arm above the elbow. Major A. liied a second time, but again without et'ecl, when my brother shot him thiongh ihe body. Major A. attempted to shoot again, but the pistol snapped, when my hrether killed him. Dr. Steiner acted o:i Iho defensive through out the recontie and only returnei! shot for shot. Major A. was in the command of l!:e pes,, ami cum ive ..Mere., my l.rother ml,. I could I; iv close coiiliuemeiit, I, .el lie Weenie, I H neces- saiy, without the least penoiial iik. The Cholera The New Yoik Cornier fears Iho Cholera may leach this country and ciry, as it is now so pietalenl in Europe, The disease has spread most in England, ijr filthy locations, as in New Castle, wl:-ie Iheie are so many moie cuses in 185;( tf,R 1819. It says: "At Copenhagen, where the disease has been raging, out of a thousand persona who weie icmeved fiom a crowded locality to an encampment outride the town, only ten died Al Hamburgh, where the epidemic has been pievailiug upwards of six weeks, only six cases of chojera have occurred. In ihe im piovedjparts of the town, and in London, in the ravages of 181!), not a single case of cho lera occurred in any of the model dwelling for the poor, ihuugh iha pestilence raged around litem among the same class of popu lation ft is said that ihe Hospital Surgeons of London, can map down wiih almost tin erring certainty the districts where the cho lera will first appear and ravage moat malig nantly, and can prediot almost the per cent I ; c' cases i.td ti6 itUtive rr.cuality. THE WAY 1 WHICH ALtl OllMA FAMES' r.t.nn Anr. tiif.athl The San Fianeisco paper contnin the fol lowing iii-count of outrages committed on steenign passengers on board Ihe Golden' Gate. It issmpi jsing that passengers allow themselves to be lieutcd in Ibis ghamcfuf mant er : "Captain Palteisor., of ihe P. SI. steamship Golden (late, was tiied before the superior Court of San Fiansisco,J last week, on a charge of gross cruelly to a sleriage passen ger, in May last. The testimony taken bo fore the jniy .showed that when the Golden Gate was ihiee days out fiom Panama, a Ffeerage passenger was caught in the act of appropriating to his own comfort some whole some food designed for t he cabin passengers that the passenger so offending was drnggeit In the upper deck, and thrust into an empty pork barrel, w ith his aims protruding through In Ies cu! in each side, and the head through a hole in the upper end of the barrel, so that the cask rested on the man's shoulders, and came down lo the knee.', keeping him in a stniiilnig position; that many persons remon strated very earnestly ngain.it ibis proceed ing, and others called upon the passengers try throw off the barrel, arid ho should be pro lected from a repetition of the humiliating process ; that in couseqnenco of such remon stiances, Ihe first snfTerer was removed, nnif a comparatively inoffensive man, who had only used strong language in repiobatron of what lie considered. outrage upon the part of the Captain, wns seized by tho throat by Ihat officer, and dragged to the bairel, and forced into it, where he was compelled to stand for two and a half hours with his head uncovered, under the ncorcbiii! rays of a tiopical sun at ntfon day, nnd vhhifi tt short distance from the smoke-stnek, when his suf ferings from beat and exhaustion vvere in. tense, eudartgeiing life. Tho last mentioned sulTerer, On reaching San Francisco, brought an action against the Captain, claiming, S3, 000 damages. The trial lasted nearly a week, and the most strenuous exertions were' made on behalf of the Captain, which finally resulted in the jury failing to agree, much to the surprise of a universally indignant public. A new trial will, probably be had, under a change of venue. Perhaps no trial has ever taken place in California that has comman ded more general attention. Tho outrages; that have been suflerred on board the steam ships plying between Panama nud San Fjar. c'scc, especially by steciage passengjrs, are too keenly remembered by thousands of our citizens to be forgotten when a sufferer ap peals to law for redress. siti-i:n day LATnu l non caLii orma. Arrind o tuc LI Dorado at Xcw Orleans 81,230.000 ni Uold C'o'i'iio- California Election . New Oi;u:.ii.o, Got. S. Tha steamer El Dorado, Itom Apinwu!l, has arrived here, with California dates fiom the 16th ult., brought down by the steamer John L. Steph ens to Panama, together with seven hunilred passengers and 51,200,000 in gold. The steamer Illinois arrived at Aspinwall on tho 1st inst., and sailed for New York; with 1,230,000 in gold. The Isthmus was healthy. The passengers by iho El Dorado cam through in 20 days and 17 hours. Tho elections on the 7th ult. remlted in a Democratic triumph. Governor Bigler wasr re-elected, and Samuel Puidy was chosen Lieut. Governor. The vote everywhere was large, and the contest close. In San Francis co the Democrats had only a very small ma jority. Lieut. Beale nnd his party had arrived in safety at Los Angelos. Inteligence from Rogue river announces tda cessation of Indian hostiliii -s, in ennspquence of a treaty having been mado'by Gen. Lane w ith several of the hostile Iribes. Thu amiiverary of tiie annexation of Cal. ifomi i w as ceh-biatcd en Ihe th by u mili lary di-pl.iy. Kit Cirw.ii dad arrived fiom Meross Plains. Lieut. Co. Mason died on the "ihult. Fresh discoveries of gold were being made daily, nud the mineia were doing well. Pu-iies in California was exceedingly dull. Theie is littlu change in prices. j II iw Dcmas Whites. In bis way of j winking he is an eccentric as in everything eise. nether nw(ir.T ; his African blood r f some peculiaii.y of constitution I know not, but he is atili.-led with great natural heat of body, and has ddiicu'.ly in bearing cloth ing upon him. So he strips to hi shirt veiy often discarding even that, and siis ra ked, w ith the exception of short ihin draw ers He establishes biiisflf t n lar-je table, which he sprawls upon rather than sits at, ru middle of a large room, and before him a large sheet of paper of a. uniform size. Fiom practice be knows exactly how much' it.'i( on each of these sheet Hilt make. Ovci this paper lie cionehcs, in his slhte of almost iiudtiy, looking like a huge, half bleached uegio, as I n is, and scribbles away with the fptv.t of a Soeomoiive. He writes cleaily, and tau-ly makes correction or alter even a .void. A each sheet i full he throw it from him, nnlil the llnor is littered with manuscript. In ibis way he will get through half a vulumti in a night Fienea volnmin, certainly, with Very few liitjk mi a page; but still the quantity is enormofla for the lime O i one sida of him he will have a heap of oranges, on tbe other a plate of raiins thoe being his favorite refreshments when work ing. Fiom lime lo time ha lakes a bite of an orange, and then on again, toiling againrt ume.-Lnndoi ff r.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers