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H. B. UtASSER,
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suNBuair, pa.
Business attended to in the Countica of Nor
tliumlieiland, Union, Lycoming and Columbia.
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NOTICE,
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. r.h Hank of Northumberland
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it. Dreaent title, location r
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I7T l anill. Bean of . .upeiior quality
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lot., .'U"t rec' M . sKR.
Anr.i i. ism.
V
nnF.I.LA8. Parasol, ana r
. , i r. ,1- h
Hunba
SELECT POETltY.
L0 RIGHT.
Awi.ki, oh soul ! thy hmira are fleetinr;,
Thy life is rapidly rompletiiia,
Time with eternity is meeting,
Soon comes the night ',
Tliy reinlmlioii, tno, will crime,
Accordinc lo thy doom
Do right, do liyhl !
Thouuli clouils thy firmnment o'eispread,
And tempfnts burst around Ihy head ;
Thotieh life its ercenest foliuge sheil,
In sorrow's bliuht ;
And thonih lliy holy hnpes and fear,
Lie buried 'nealli the Balherifig years,
Dc; right, do right !
The warring clement worst wrath,
The earthquake and the w hiilwiinls breath,
The valley nnd the shade of death,
Need not afTiiiilit ;
Fur Duty's calm, commanding form,
With raiiihmv nrms shall clasp the storm
Do right, do right !
Faint not in all the weary strife,
Th'insh every day with toil be life,
NVoik is the element of life,
Action is liuht ;
For man is made to Inil and strive,
And only those who labor, live :
Do right, do right !
Life is nil a fleetina dream,
A meteor flash, a rainbow glean),
A bubble on the limiting slrenm,
Soon lost to siaht ;
Fur there's a work for every hour,
In every prissinz wind a power
Do light, do light !
Oh! life is full of solemn thnnahf,
And noble deeds, if noble wimmbt;
Wilh fearful consequences fraught I
And there is niuht.
feathered in each passing hour,
That cives the soul ntiparthly power;
Dj right, do tight !
THE GUERILLA CHIEF OF ERLAU
The history of Hungary during the six
teenth and seventeenth centuries is lik
the diary of a lighthouse, filled with ac
counts ol storms and devastation; on the
one hand caused by the united wrath of
two mighty elements; on the other, by the
furious pasions of man, even more lasting
and destructive in their effects than the
most fearful hurricane.
The Hungarian nation received from
Providence the honorable, but very difficult
mission Ihe defence ol the Christian reli
gion against the fanaticism ol the East, and
the preservation of civilization against the
encroachments of the barbarians of the .
North.
In the long struggle for these, two ol the
noblest pillarsol humanity, the Hungarians
fully proved their vital power and their
heroic descent; and, under circumstances
of the greatest peril, showed themselves
worthy of their gigantic task- The more
uncertain the contest, the more eagerly the
Hungarians rushed into it. They knew
that they had often overthrown an enemy
ten times as strong as themselves ; and they
felt that the death ol a tree warrior was
preferable to disgraceful submission. Thus
they fought and fell, and shed their heart's
blood on the bulwarks of civilization,
whilst other nations enjoyed the fruits of :
their hard toil.
Their losses during the rrelancboly peri
od were innumerable. Not a family in
the land that had not to mourn one or more
of its members as martyrs to liberty.
There was no field, no mountain, no town,
which had not witnessed a more or less
bloody encounter. Every space was hal
lowed by some glorious deed by some
sorrowful event. Thus it is very natural, '
that in the otherwise cheerlul character of
the people the memory of that gloomy
time became indelibly impressed. Their
national songs and sayings are saddened by ,
the chill breath of history, and in their ,
sweet melndis Ihe moans of the dying are
closely mingled with the huzzas of the
iclors. Had not their unshaken love lor I
freedom strengthened their spirit and ,
cheered them after every defeat, they must i
have succumbed at last under the over- j
whelming strength of their enemies. i
Vrwia rf tha mnnv pvils that hnir1! this
country cut deeper into the national neing i
of II mgary, none had so bad a reaction on ;
the development ol its culture and industry,
as the domination of the 1 urks. 1 he con
querors treated the vanquished with ths
greatest ferocity, plundered the land, and
dragged the unfortunate inhabitants into
lasting slavery. Hundreds of thousands
perished thus in the distant East, and thou
sands of villages disappeared entirely under
the devastating footsteps ol these fanatic
barbarians.
To complete the misfortunes ol the peo
ple, the Dukes of Austria came into pos
session of the Hungarian throne, and, in
stead of defending the country as Kings of
Hungary, took advantage of every oppor
tunity of oppressing it, and extorting the
residue of its possessions so hardly saved
from the Turks.
Towards the middle ol the seventeenth
century, (he Turks possessed more than the
moiety of the realm : their dominion, how
ever, was chiefly confined lo the ramparts
of the foitresses in their power. Beyond
these a very little belonged to them, and
that little was continually disputed by the
ever-watchful and ever-contending people,
who, however badly armed, not "infre
quently put to flight the best janissaries
and sanhis of the Sultan.
In the mountainous parts of the land,
which particularly favored military under
takings, a lasting guerilla wariare was Kept
up. Ai it happens in such circumstances,
manv thousand patriots who bad some nea
vy loss or personal injury to avenge, had
sworn eternal fued against their hereditary
Th. principal town in the county of Hci-es in Hun-
3ry
SUMIUUY. NOIM'IIU.M
Ifje. They united into small bands or fra
ternities, under the guidance of tome lioble,
a id Iroin the mountains made sallies to at
tack their oppressors, and even to surprise
them in their fortresses, filling their hearts
wi'h terror at the sight of their usually
victorious standards.
In such fraternities, the father brought
up his son to be a warrior, and when rl
ing delivered up to him his arms, which
whilst living he never dared to put aside.
The gallant deeds thus performed are even
now celebrated by the people in ancient
songs, one ol which in particular deserves
to be mentioned in detail from its boldness,
as well as its brilliant results.
Among the fortresses that remained
nearly a century in possession of the Turks,
was the strong and important one of Erlau.
It capitulated after a lengthened siege.
But the Turks, as was their custom, broke
their oath, putting the garrison to the
sword after its evacuation. A small troop
alone succeeded in cutting its way through
the army of the enemy, and escaped to the
wild Matra mountains. It soon formed one
of the most daring and successful bands,
embittering during three generations the
dominion of the Mahometans in Erlau.
At that time, when the crescent, over,
thrown under the walls of Vienna, began
to grow pale in Hungary, the chief of the
Erlau guerillas was a young and fiery pa
triot, named Llkem. He constantly har
rassed the garrison of Halvan, Szolnok, and
other places, capturing their convoys and
defeating their troops. On one occasion
he carried out a very successful expedition ;
he unexpectedly fell upon, and seized a
treasure convoy in Gyongyos, on its way
from Erlau lo Duda, and cut down the
whole escort.
At the beginning of the engagement, as
Lelkem attacked the Turks in the streets of
the town, he heard a cry lor help Irom one
ol the houses; he leaped off his horse, 1
pressed into the house, and there found a
Turkish soldier ill-treating an Hungarian
girl ; wilh a stroke of his flashing sword
he split the coward's head, and liberated
her from his grasp. Exhausted and subdued
by terror, the girl lay senseless on the
ground. Lelkem soon restored her to con
sciousness ; idle was the very typed Hun
garian beauty, with black eyes and hair
the charming expression of her lace height
ened by a gleam of gratitude. To the
young ninn she seemed the fairest of all the
maidens he had ever beheld. The girl, too,
on recovering, found her deliverer just as
she in her lively fancy had painted a true
Hungarian hero - tall, stately, with spark
ling eyes, the terror of the enemy and the
"'" n(l a,lj " tiling protector ol the helpless
am' ll"haPP.v
In Hungary
love soon takes root, in
a rapid and marvellous
creating with
growth. The young man remained hut a
short time with the maiden, still it sufliced
to (ill their hearts with a feeling not easily
to be effaced. Lelkem left the girl, whose
name was Irmn, with a promise of s on re
turning, but that promise was more easily
made than fulfilled, for scarcely had the
news of the loss of the costly convoy reach
ed Erlau, than Ihe infuriated Pasha sent a
strong garrison to Gyongyos, and ordered
a hot pursuit after the bold Guerilla Chief;
so that Lelkem, for a time, had no favora
ble opportunity of quitting his inaccessible
1"'"' Vac''
As a punishment for the loss of Ihe con
voy, a heavy contribution was levied on
the town of Gyongyos, and at the same
time, to insult the inhabitants in their most
sacred feelings, the Pasha commanded Ihe
delivery of twelve of their most beautiful
daughters for the harem ol the Pasha of
Buda. The consternation and the wrath
of the poor towns-people at this twofold
outrage knew no bounds; hut, conscious
ol their weakness, they submitted to the
sentence, anil as neither entreaties nor
promises could soften the inflexible Turkish
commander, presented their girls for selec
tion to the officer sent for that purpose
from Erlau. Amongst the number chosen
was the unhappy Irma.
Lelkem speedily received this dreadful
intelligence. With the quickness of
thought be determined to prevent the maid
ens from being carried off; but at the first
moment he was quite at a loss to devise a
plan likely to prove successful against the
"J" f"""
muU of lh,s dilemma he was interrupted
by the arrival of a messenger from his un
cle, the Superior of a Monastery of Car
melites in that neighborhood, summoning
the chief to an immediate conference,
which Lelkem did not delay attending to,
knowing his uncle, who had already often
assisted him with good advice during his
expeditions, to be a wise and patriotic man.
He found him in great trouble as to the
fate of the unlortunate town. The monk
conjured Lelkem, by his Christian faith
and his love for his country, now to prove
what enthusiasm the Hungarian was capa
ble of, in defending his rights and his coun
trywomen. He then proposed to him to
go to the town dressed as a monk, and
there to ngree upon a scheme with the in
habitants. Ihe first part of this proposal
was easily affected, as a few hours before
Dulo, the father ot Irma, had sent to the
monastery lor a priest to pray by his daugh
ter, who was then dangerously ill. Lel
kem was at first quite overcome at this sad
inlormation, but, commanding his feelings,
he declared his readiness to comply with
the wish of his uncle. He hastily put on
a cowl, and left the monastery, mounted
upon a mule. He had the good fortune to
pass the Turkish outposts unremarked, and
arrived, at the dusk of the evening, accom
panied by Dulo's messenger, in Gyongyos.
With the capuchin drawn over his head
Lelkem entered irmas room, she was
much changed during the lew weeks that
had elapsed since he saw her. She was so
exhausted that the pretended monk had to
Gyongyos. a town at th. foot of tba Matra mountain.,
oontaiums 1iam inhabitants.
. -. ' ' -i-an . ...i3 trniMiii - i-miir V , ' -
II Kill. AN I) COUNTY. PA., SATURDAY, AUGUST 13, I 813 -
bend over her to catch her whispered
word. He could not long carry on his
dinguise, and exclaimed, with all the fervor
of his heart, "I am not a monk, Irma, but
thy warrior, and am come to cure and save
thee ; for as long as I live, thou shall not
fall intothe power of the infidels!" At the
sound of that voice, the tone ot which she
had not forgotten, the girl thought she
dreamt; but again looking into his truth
ful, manly face, she saw that all was a hap
py reality, and she seemed to live anew.
The Guerilla Chief disclosed his secret
and his intention also to her father, who,
cheered by his presence, instantly stole
away to others of his tried and brave
neighbors, inviting them to meet at his
house. The men all came. As it was
supposed that the escort, with the tribute
of the town, on proceeding to Buda, would
most probably halt for a night at Ihe for
tress of Hatvan, half-way betwepn Gyong
yos and Buda, at the proposal of Lelkem
a daring plan was projected and resolved
upon.
Two days later, an order came to deliver
up the tribute of money am) of women.
The Mayor obtained, by presents, the per
mission of the commander that the maidens
should remain veiled during the journey,
and should not unveil until in the presence
of the Pasha of Buda. All happened as
they wished ; at the moment of their de
parture, they were taken in closed litters
from their dwellings, and left Gyongyos
under strong escort, accompanied by the
fervent prayers of the populace for their
safely. As they proceeded very slowly,
they reached Hatvan late in the evening,
whereupon the Aga resolved not to go any
further that night. The accommodation
for the unusual guests was soon prepared.
The commander of the fortress attempted
once to pay a visit of ceremony to the
maidens ; but the matron tinder whose care
they were, an energetic Hungarian wo
man, remained inflexible, and alter a short
contest, rescued them Irom the presence of
a very unwelcome visitor.
After midnight, when all was quiet, the
sentinel at the door of the house where the
maidens rested, had he been more vigilant,
might have heard the opening of a win
dow above his head, and seen a human
form cautiously commence descending.
The sentinel, however, dreaming perhaps
of Mohammed's paradise, remarked neither
the slight noise, nor the approaching figure,
which, by degrees, glided dovn the high
wall, till it stood like a menacing shadow
behind him. Here a heavy fall was heard,
followed by a dull groan, sounding as if it
came Irom out the earth ; then all became
quiet as before. The sentinel was no long
er lo be dreaded, and from the window
eleven other forms descended, not one of
them looking like gentle maidens; in that
of the first, who killed the guard, the Gue
rilla Chief was easily recognized. He gave
his commands hastily and in a suppressed
voice; and, alter leaving two men at the
door of the house, vanished with the rest
into the dark and deserted street, leading
to the east-gate. There they surprised the
small guard with equal ability, and cut
them down before they could even think
of resistance. But in spite ot the quick
and cautious proceeding of the Hungarians,
they could not execute their plan without
detection The gun of the Turk was dis
charged, and the alarm-drum soon re-echoed
from every quarter of the place.
No time was now to be lost ; the gate
was forced open with all speed, the draw
bridge let down, and Lelkem gave a shrill
whistle, and on its being repeated at a dis
tance from the walls, in a short time a band
ol 150 brave men rushed 'hrough the open
gate intothp lortress ; Lelkem placing him
self at their head, led them to a decisive
attack on the barracks, where the Turks,
roused by the increasing alarm, might, if
they had rallied, with their overwhelming
numbers, have become more and more for
.... i. ,
midahle. in me marKet-piace, wnere me
dwelling of the commander and the bar
racks stood, the Hungarians met the mass
the garrison. Lelkem's irresistable
charge, and the death ol the Pasha, who
II at the beginning of the engagement,
... m i A
soon discouraged tne i urns, and aner a
short and bloody massacre, the soldiers sur
rendered to the mercy of the victorious
Hungarians. The garrison still numbered
six hundred men, who were greatly surpri
sed to find thrt, instead of an army, they
were conouered by a small band. It will
be easily surmised, that instead of the sup
posed maidens Lelkem and eleven of his
men, difguised in female attire, formed the
party so carefully escorted to the fortress,
which enabled them to accomplish their
hazardous undertaking.
At the news of the fall of Hatvan the
greater part of the inhabitants of Gyongyos
fled to this stronghold, to seek shelter
against the vengeance of the Turks, and
they were determined, in case of a serious
attack, to die under the ruins ot its walls.
Amongst the arrivals were Irma and her
father. Lelkem, now commander of a for
tress, the fruit ol his bold enterprise, cele
brated his marriage with his beloved Jrma,
who was accompanied to the alter by her
eleven beautilul companions so gallantly
rescued by the bridegroom.
The strong site of Hatvan in the bogs ol
the Ragyva river, and still more the events
that led lo the recapture of Buda, by the
imperial forces, left the Guerilla Chief of
Erlau in the undisturbed possession of his
fortress, and of his well deserved happiness.
Am Ox that Gives Milk Mr. James
Thorn, of Clinton, has an ox that gives milk
freely. He has a bag with (our teats, each
one of which yields milk like that of the
cow. The bag is divided into four sections,
but unlike the cow's it has no udder. Each
quarter of Ihe bag has cavity which sup,
plies ill tent, independent of the others.
When milked oul, it it readily supplied
tgain, like that of tbe cow. Pougaipi
THE CRYSTAL PALACE EXHIBITION.
On the 16th, nil., the exhibition wasopened
to ihe public, and was vixiled throughout Ihe
day by about 7,000 ladies and gentlemen,
besides the exhibitors and those holding ft
eon tickets, and the receipta amounted to
83,639 60. Workmen are still busily em
ployed In different parts of the atructure,
particularly in the Medicine Arcade, which
is, at present, only about half finished.
About one-third of the exhibition stalls have
been arranged, and it is thought that the ex
hibition will not be complete in all its parts
for about two weeks more.
The total amount of space on tbe floor oc
cupied by different countries for exhibition,
exclusive of the naves, is about 152,000
square feet, of which 04,102 is on the ground
floor, 59,000 is in the gallery. This space is
diviJed as follows:
Ground Floor,
England 10,570
Gallory.
7,081
8,970
8,053
7S
739
1,316
Switzerland . .
Z llveiein
Holland and Belgium
Austria
Denmark, Sweden and Norway
RuHie, Vc.
British Guiana and Watt ludiea
British Colomea ...
1,459
fl.lM
a,ste
1,459
1,918
720
1,003
8,309
3,4ii9
The total amount of space occupied
by
foreign countries is 98,749 square feet.
The United Slates contributions occupy
34,585 square feet on the ground floor, and
19,945 square feet in the gallery.
The total number of exhibitors from abtoad
are 2,605, of whom England sends 677;
France 521; Switzerland 116; Zollverein
813; Holland and Belgium 155; Austria 100;
Italy 185: Sweden and Norway 18; West
Indies 3; Prince Edward's Island 18; Nova
Seotia 2.
This list will be some what larger, from
Ihe fuel that the local committees of Canada
have not yet sent in their list of contributors,
and it does not include quite a number from
Biiiish Guiana. A small number of Tin kish
and other contributors are also to be added,
making the sum total of foreign exhibitors
not fur from 2,700.
In ihe United States department the num
ber of exhibitors is 1,178, and applications
have been received since the 1st of March,
amolifting lo over 400, which have not been
acfed on for want of space. The total num
ber of exhibitors, both foreign and American,
is 4,383.
DESCRIPTION OF THS CRYSTAL PALACE.
From the official publications of the Asso
ciation we compile a desciiption of the
Ciyslal Palace. Reservoir square, on which
it is erected, lies at the northern extremity
of the city, west of ihe Cretan distributing
reservoir, aid between that vast erection
and Sixth avenue. The Sixth avenue rail
road tuns directly past it; the Forth avenue
railroad runs near it ; and it lies immediately
in the vicinity of the Fourth, Ffth, and
Sixth avenues the main thorougfares of that
part of the city.
The main features of the building are as
follows: It is, with the exception of the
floor, entirely constructed of iron and glass.
The general idea of the edifice is a Greek
croi, surmounted by a dome at the intersec
tion. Each diameter of the cross will be
305 feet 5 inches long. There are three
similar entrances; one on the Sixth avenue,
one on the Fortieth, and one on Forty-Second
street. Each entranco is 47 feet w ide, and
lhat on the Sixth avenue is approached by a
flight of eight aleps; over each front is a
large semi-circular fan-light, 41 feet wide
and 21 feet hi"h, answerii c to the arch of
the nave. Each arm of the cross is on the
ground plan 143 feel broad. This is divided
into a central nave and two aisles, one on
each side the nave 41 feel wide, each aisle
54 feet wide.
The central portion or nave is carried up
to the height of 67 feet, and the senn-circu
lar aich by which it is spanned is 41 feet
broad. Theie aie thus in effect two arched
naves crossing each other at right angles, 41
feet bioad, 67 feet high to the crown of the
arch and 365 feet long ; and on each side of
these naves is an aisle 54 feet broad, and 45
feet biuh. The exterior of the ridgeway of
the nave is 71 feet. Each aisle is covered
bv a gallery of its own widih, and 24 feet
fiom the floor. The central dome is 100
fact in diameter, 68 feet inside from the
floor lo the spring of the arch, and 118 feet
lo the crown ; and on ihe outside, with the
lantern, 140 feel. The exterior angles of the
building are ingeniously filled tip with a
triangular lean-to 24 feet high, which give
the ground plan an actagonal shape, each
side or face beine 149 feet wide. At each
angle is an octagonal tower 8 feet in dinme
ler, and 75 feet high.
Ten large, and eight winding stair-rases
connect Ihe piincipal floor with the gallery,
which opens on the three balconies lhat are
situated over the entrance halls, and afford
ample space for flower decorations, statues,
vases, 8:e. The ten principal staircaea
consist of two flights of steps with two land
ing places In each and eight winding stair,
cases aie placed in the octagonal towers,
which lead also to small balconies on ihe
tops of the towers and to the roof of Ihe
building.
The building eontains on the ground floor
111,000 square feet of space, and in Itt gal
leries. which are 54 feet wide, 62,000 souare
feet mote, making a total area of 173,000
square feet for Ihe purpose of exhibition.
There are thus on the ground flor two teres
and a half, or exactly 3 52-100; in the gal.
leriet one acre and 44 100; total, within an
inconsiderable fraction, four tores.
There are on Ihe ground floor 190 oolagO'
nal cast iron columns, 21 feet above the floor,
and 8 inohes
ihes in diameter, err hollow, of
tbieknesses, from half an Inch to
Thee columns reo -ive the cat
Th... ... OAl faat Inner nrl
diffeient
one inch
iron ciders. These are 261 feet loner and
3 feet biah, and serve to sus'ain the gallerira
and wrouaht iron construction of the roof, at
well n to brace the whole structure in every
direction. The number of lower floor Bir
der is 252, besides 12 wroueht iron girders
of the same height, and 41 feet span, over a
part of the nave.
The second story contains 148 columns, of
the same shape as those below, end 17 feet
7 inches high. These receive another tier
of girdere numbering 160, for the support of
the roofs of the aisles, each nave being cov
ered by 16 cast Iron semi-ciicular arches,
each composed of 4 pieces.
The dome is supported by twenty-four
colnmn, which go up above the second
story to the height of 62 feet above the floor,
nnd support a combination of wrought iron
arches and girders, on which rest a cast iron
bed plate, so constructed as to receive the
32 ribs of the dome. Theli2ht is communi
cated to the dome through the lantern, as
well as from the sides, on which 32 escutch
eons, or colored glass, representing the arms
of the Union and its several States, or the
emblems of the different nations, form a part
of the decoration.
The building is supplied with gas and
water in every part. The gas is designed
for the use of the police, in protecting the
property by night, is so arranged that, should
it be deemed expedient to open the building
in the evening, there will be ample liaht.
The water is accessible at numerous points,
with convenience for drinking, also for the
attachment of hose, in case of fire.
The general mode of erection by base
pieces, columns, connecting pieces and gir
ders, is the same with that of the great Hyde
Park building, but the construction of the
arched nave and of the dome is of course
entirely peculiar, and the general effect of
the building is completely different.
There wero 2,6R5 persons admitted to the
exh bition or. Tuesday on pay tickets, and
1,800 on season ticket. It is said that S35,-
000 worth of season tickets have been sold,
and lhat the receipts so fur have averaged
SI, 500 per day. The Evening Post urges
'hat the exhibition be opened on Sunday
afternoons, in order to attnek the crowds
from Ihe drinking soloons and gambling
houses in the vicinity; but the siigtreslion
will hardly be adopted. The Tribune
says :
The Crystal Palace is resonant with the
hum of industry ; it is putting on its exhibi
tion dress by degrees Theie is, however,
a great deal to see, and as it will bear many
visits, persons will be safe in attending now.
Enough is shown already to prove that, al
though the United Slates male, artistically,
a poor figure at ihe Loudon Exposition, at
this one they will do themselves credit.
The Italian Department has yet much to
do to put it in proper order. Many cases,
however, will be opened for it in a few days.
The Dutch Depaitmenl alo iequir.es ariage-
ment to present it lo the public As for Ihe
French, it is so far from full that we shall
not allempt lopiophecy its splendor though
some articles, especially the magnificent
Porcelains, now make a libeial display,
Theie are also a number of fine Pianos in
lhat department. The British Di'parment
has a good deal exposed, but any quantity of
things almost yet to be set forth. The sil
verware of this department is beyond all
praUe. Among other things is the prize'
work which obtained 200 from ihe Gold
smith's Company, Loudon. The American
Department has already some splendid con
tributions in carvings especia'ly, buffets, and
sideboards lhat are as ponderous as beautiful
So, too, various compartments devoted to
wearing apparel fancy nnd useful c!othes:
hals, boots, &c, meiit all praie.
The attendance was not so large on Weil
nesday, and among tne visitors were not
many ladies. The whole number ol tickets
issued was 3,009; the admissions on season
tickets were 1,200 ; and the cash received
for tickets was 11,479. The contributions to
the Washington monument, during the day,
reached S58 69, making a total of $281 90
sinc.o the opening. The Times says:
The attendance seemed to be mainly of
persons ot the country, hesiueuls ol ihe
city, except those who have season tickets,
are almost universally deferring their viiiln
until the exhibition shall bo completed
The work advancer! rapidly In every part of
tbe building. A large number of boxes, Lo ,
were admitted and opened during the day.
Among the additions lo the aniclea on exhi
bition, we noticed in Ihe department of the
Netherlands, a very beautiful line engraving
from a portrait ol bis Majesty the King of tbe
Netherlands.
We understand that the disp'ay of machi-
nery, especially in the American department
promises to lie exceedingly interesting.
Quite a number of machines have already
been introduced in the main body of the
building including several English cotton
spinners, and other specimens of English
maeb'nery. A working model of Wilkin
son's new press, in which newspapers are
printed from a continuous roll, and by which
he expeclt to print 25,000 or 30,000 copies
in an hour, wilt be exhibited.
The following ships, which have arrived
since our last nclice of the value of goods re
ceived from foreign ports, brought invoices
of goods for the Crystal Palace to the amount
stated :
Hendrik Hudson, (second invoine,) ?,
801; Sir Robert Peel, (clained glaa, the
OUT) BF.H1E8 VOL. 13, NO. 47,
destruction of w hich we noticed yesterday )
130; Enrnpn, sleamer, (silver ware, 4 .
475; Liverpool, 979; Sarah, 400 Ann
fiA n r - ' . ' I
34 ; Queen of the West, S52 : Florida, lfl0
DEPRAVED STATE OF COttETT X AVM-
THALIA.
Melbourne, Australia, Fb. 20. 18C3.
This is not the place it is renresemed t
be The climate
weather being so changeable. Society it
very low, and it is impossible for any person
to venture out of doors after dark.
with a party of Ihree of four, on account of
the great number of English convicts from
Van Dieman's Land, who infest ihe dace.
They number about five hundred, and meet
ing you in tbe s reel, present a pistol to your
breast, order you to hold your hands up over
your head, and then rob you. This is what
they call "sticking you." A gentleman
boarding in the same house wilh me, about
four o'clock the other afternoon, was robbed
of eighteen pounds, and then tied to a tree,
where be remained until assistance was giv
en him. This practise extends also lo the
diggings. If a bushman, who is generally
mounted, perceives a man coming along the
road with a better horse than bis, he compels
him to dismount and exchange horses, and
in case of non-compliance, he makes nothing
of shooting him.
In going to Forest Creek, Campbell's
Creek, Beudigo and Golden diggings, you
pass through w hat is called Black Forest,
dense and thick wood, about Iwelro mil, in
ength. The other day, while four of us
were passing through ibis forest, we found
ihirty-five who had been stuck up, and one
poor fellow, who unfortunately had but thir
teen shillings and six-pence, was lied to a
tree, and his body filled wilh shot, whicb
ihey had fired at him, 1 suppose, because ho
had no more. He was released a short time
after, and is now in a fair way for recovery.
They also stuck up a young lady within sight
ol her father s house. This was never done
here before, and accord ingly jou may iiidgei
of tho state of society. The much-boaated
of police will often turn away and make no
atlempt to stop such occurrences.
Hill and hollow, gully and stream, seem at
if theie had beon a mighty convulsion of
the earth, which had turned cverv thin?
upside down, and this for full thirty miles.
The'e aro a great number of holes, which
aie Irom seven lo thirty feet deep, and for a
long way the ground is undermined. You
think you have found a solid plot of ground,
and after you have dug 8 or 10 feet, the
chances are that the whole fabric will give
way and drop into some undermined way.
At Ballorvat three men have taken oul one
nugget of gold weighing 136 pounds, and
another of 45 pounds. Since that they have
also found a nugget weighing 164 pounds
Correspondence Newark Advertiser.
Ct'RfOSITtES) OF THE LOCOMOTIVE.
Our first class narinw gnage engines weigh
empty, 44,000 lbs., and are worth 16 centB
per pound. They will consume one cord of
wood and 1200 gallons of water per hour,
and will generate 275,000 cubic feel of steam
per hour, of a pressure equal lo that of thai
almosphere. Their heating surfaces is of
the extent cf the bottom of a boiler 34 feet
in diameter. The strain upon the iron of
the shell of boiler, to burst it open length'
wise of the boiler, is from 6500 to It 500
lbs. per squaie inch under ordinary pressuies.
There is also an additional strain of abouj
4000 lbs. per square inch exerted lengthwiso
of the boiler to pull it apart crosswise. The
whole pressure exeiled against all the inter
nal surlaces of the boiler, amount to 20 mil.
linns of pounds or 10,000 tons ! The usual
distance travelled by the locomotive being
in motion but about one eighth of the time,
is equal to once around the globe every year.
In going 60 miles an hour, 88 feet are
traversed per second. Five revolutions of
the driving wheels are made, requiring 20
klroke. of ihe piston, und 20 intermediate
periods of action of the valve, equut to the
division of a second into 40 pans.
THE BEfUNSlNG OF I tt.Fl L ME.
The late Samuel Appleton, of Boston, one
of the most eminent and wealthy meirhanis)
of that city, was, sixty yeais ago, a countiy
school teacher, at New Ipsw ich, from whu h
place he went fonh wilh a ceitillcate from
Ihe pastor of Ihe village, that he wan
'a person who supported a good mmi;l char
acter, and was possessed of nbiiuiis siiITi
cient lo instruct a school in rending, wilting,
orthography, Euj:li.-h g ainmer, and arith-
meliu " At lh ceiiieiinl.il celcPralion 01
the settlement o' New Ipswich, in 1850, Mr.
Appleton sent 5,000 lo the literary n.stttu-
lions ol iew nainpsnire, mo nvausmj
Ipswich in particular, to enable that institu
tion to assume its burner standing, and ex
tend itt future usefulness.
Mr. Appleton was worth one million of
dollars. By his will he leave to bis widow
specific bequest! amounting in valiie to $200,.
000,. He maket 42 oilier bequests lo ne
pbews and nieces and others, amounting i
all lo $320,000 mote ; among w hich may be
mentioned 5,000 "to his friend and pastor,
Rev. Ephraim Feabody," and $5,009 to the
servants living in his family at his decease,
lo be distributed among them in the rotnner
and tccording to proportion, to be fixed upon
by bit widow, lie then bequeaths to hit
executort manufacturing slocks of the value
of $200,000, to be by them distributed for
scientific, literary, religious, or charitable
purpo.es. The retJJue he also bequtbt to
his relatives.