r. TTFT1RV IlffiWWlllRnWT A W f ' EJcuotcb to politics, literature, Agriculture, Science, iJToralitn, aub (Seucral intelligence. VOL. 25. STROUDSBURG, MONROE COUNTY, PA., AUGUST 30, 1866. NO. 24. Published by Theodore Schoclii TERM Tp dollars a year in advance and if not paid before the end of the year, two dollars and filfy ct. will be charged. No paperdiscontinned until all arreatages are paid, exef Pt ;f the option of the Editor. 1E7 Advertisements of one square of (eight lines) or less, rne or three insertions $ I 50. Each additional insertion, 50 cents. Longer ones in proportion. JOB PRINTING, OF ALL KINDS, Executed in the highest flyle of the Arl.and onthe most leasor. ible terms. S. HOLMES, JK., ATTORNEY-AT-LAW, AND GENERAL CLAIM AGENT. STROUDSBURG, PA. Office with S. 8. Vrchcr, Esq. All claims against the Government prose cuted with dispatch at reduced rates. 07" An addilional bounty of $100 and of S 50 procured for Soldiers in the late War, TREK OF EXTRA CHARGE. TQ August 2, 1SGG. DR. A. REEVES JACKSON, PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON, Begs leave to announce that, in order to c . -iii r. j prevent disappointment, he will hereafter de- i vote THURSDAY and SATURDAY ot each week exclusively to Consultations hy 115 ft. in leng h, to which is attached a and Surgical Opeuations at his office. , LEACH HOUSE AXD BARK MILL, 2G Parties from a distance who desire to con- : ft. wide by GO ft. in length (also two stories tult him, can do so, therefore, 'on those days. high). Togi th'T with the Steam and Wa Stroudsbur, May 31, lSGG.-tf. ter Power belonging and appcrtenant to said i . . Tannery. There are also two DARK J? UrilltUre ! Jb UrnitUre ! ' per cent. less man uuston or na6ningion i 1 . . ..i- i . r :! t . 1. ! P. InPrtrlti'ft Mnui LiirniTiirn J ' other of them 2G ft. in width by about GO ft. DREIIER'S NEW BUILDING, two in j. xh ) AUo a 1IU)E JIO USEnenr said doors below the Post-office, Strouds- Tannery, about 15 by 20 ft. a l iirnr I'1 111? la SCllin"p 1113 rUmilUrC IU ! prices, to say notnn.g uuou, ,rc,j , ..- , high, 40 by 45 ft., with STOXE !f !l May 1,, 180G.-tf. ( KITCHEy attacnei1f 20 feet square. A DINING-ROOM FURNITURE in Wal- FRAME SHEJ) 40 by 42 feet. A BLACK nut, Oak and White Ash, Extension SMITH SHOP about 20 feet square. A Tables, any size you wish, at McCARTY'S PLAXK STORE HOUSE 21 Ly 32 feet, new Ware-Rooms. May 17, ISGG.-tf. , a stoiy and a half high, with two small ! Frame buildings a'tached thereto, used for OSE AND GILT FRAMES made to . iV crdcr. A fine lot of Oval Frames on . hand J. H. McCARTY. May 17, lSGO.-lf. I 1 ! jr YOU WANT A GOOD PARLOR JL Suit in Rose, M&hoirany or Walnut, ' McCARTY has it. play 17, lSGG.-tf. ; TFYOU WANT A GOOD MELODEON, ! you from any maker you wish, 10 les.sthan j those who soil on commission. The reason is he buys for cash and sells for the same, with less than one-half the usual per centage that agents want. J. II. McCARTY. May 17, lSGG.-tf. yTNDERTAKING IN ALL ITS BRAN vJ " ches. Particular attention will be gi.en to this branch of the subscriber's business. He will nlvv.ivs iii.lv to iIease and consult the wants and wishes of thoe wlio employ mm. j From the numler of years experience he has j had in this branch of biieiness he cannot and ; will not not be excelled cither in city or j country. Prices ..nn-ihird less than is usual- j ly charged, from 50 to 75 finirhed Collins al- j J - . a .-I. ways on hand. I rimmings to sun me veti : Hearse in the country, jrnnerais auenueu i at one uour s nonce. j. ij. jiiv.nn May 17, 16GG.-tf. . . T II f..r TT"V Saddle and Harness Manufactory. Tba undersigned respectfully informs the citizens of Stroudtburg, aud turroun ding country, that lie has coiun.enc.cJ the -ibove business in Fowler's building, ou Elizabeth street, and is fully prepared to furnish auy article iu his line of business, iit thort notice. Ou baud at all times, a lare stock of Jlonicss, V'tijt, TrvnJct, Valicct, Car jut H"js, Uorxc-Jllankits, Bells, SAatts, Oil Cloths, Ac. Carriage Trimming promptly attcndcJ to. JOHN O. SAYLOU. Stroudiburg, Dec. 14, 18G5. Gothic Hall Ilnig Store. William llollinhcnfl, Wholesale and Retail Druggist. STKOUDSUUKG, Pa. Constantly on Land and for sale cheap for cash, a fresh sup ply or Drugs, Medicines, Faints, Ou, (jlass, Putty, Varnish, Ker osene Oil, rerfuinery and Fancy Goods; ulso Sash, hViuils and loor. Pure Wiues and Liquors for Medicinal purpose. V. S. Physicians Trcscriptiona care fully compounded. Stroudsburg, July 7, 18G4. TIN SHOP ! The undersigned begs leave to inform his friends and the public generally, that he has now opened a TIN SHOP, on Main street, near the Stroudsburg Mills, opposite TrocJi & Walton's, formerly R. S. Staples' Store, where he is prepared to manufacture and sell at wholesale and retail, all kinds of Tin, Copper and Sheet Iron-Ware. ALSO, Stove, Slove liie and Elbows. Old and second hand Stoves bought and sold, at cash rales. CASH paid for Old Lead, Cupper and Brass. OO" Roofng, Spouling and Repairing promptly attended to and warranted to give eatitifaclion. Call and see for yourselves. WILLIAM KEISER. KtroudbWg, Dec. 8, 16G5. BLANK LEASES For Sale at this Office. iroin one ui utsi unS u iu , thret0 oacJl 0f about 35 ft. square, ted States, i-olid Rosewood Care, warranted ijo a two.storv pLAXK DWELLIXG 5 years, call at McCARTY'S, he would es- ; 'noijSE about 1G by 24 ft., with Kitchen jiecially invite all who are good judges ot . atIachetj about 1G fL Equare. Also, a "Iusic to come and test them. He will sell T,r, 4 vm( nr.r. n tlin rrnr of Kiid K i i - l : TT: eritrs BY VIRTUE of a writ of fieri facias (in quisition waived) to me directed, issued out of the Court of Common Pleas of Mon roe county, I will expose to sale, at public vendue, on . . Saturday, thfst 7y of Sej)tcviLcr next, at 2 o'clock in the afternoon, at the Court- ITniisp. in tho bnroinrh nf Si rnts.irrr ftin following described Real Eatate to wit: FIRST. All that certain messuage tene - mcnt and tract of land situate at Fenners ville, in Hamilton township, Monroe county, Sh Sale. adjoining other land of Joseph Fenner, I ?,nineJr.,anl Dxl"res in excellent order. A l.ni.ls of Jprorrf S wartwixvl nn.l Jnhn YiniSaw Mill about 16 by 40 feet, and a Card er, other land of the s i id Fenner, land of George Miller, land of John II. Fenner, oth- er land of said Joseph Fenner, and land Joseph P Heller, Containing SIXTY A- CRES, AND OXE II USD RED AXD FIFTY PERCHES, more or less. Being the messuage and tract of land first describ ed in a Deed from Henry Fenner and wife, to said Joseph Fenner, bearing date April 1, 1. D. 1844, and recorded at Stroudsburg, in Deed Book, Vol. 3, pp. 125 Th l'mnmvpmpnt'? thfrofin nr a PT. A ,VA". 1 ne improvements inerton are a i ivi.ifc i , iwomouks uign, oo iu wiuej SHEDS on aid premises near said Tan- (One of them 20 ft. in width by 100 SlutiU litiiiiij ?; m mm the pur,ose of storing goods. 4!so a PLAXK TAILOR SHOP, one story high, 16 by 21 ft. Ah; a lage two story PLAXK DWEIj- IJXG HOUSE. 24 feet by 40 feet, with PLAXK KITCHEX attached, 1G by 24 ft , nii Smoke 7ouse and Vash House near by. Also, a FRAME BARX with Stone fn" ?T ou- aboyt 21 feel Riuare. The land is all improved and in a gooJ state of cultiva tion.- And there is an Apple Orchard, and other Fruit Trees on the premises. McMichael's Creek runs through thU land. SECOND. All that certain Jot or piece of land siluite in Fcnncrsville, in said.town ship of Hamilton, adjoining ihe premises .. r. IT-.Tr! first above described, lands ot Josepn r. iiei- l.t t . I a .? ler ana me rarsonage 101, coininiwiiy One Acre and Ten Perches, gtrjct raCasure. Being the same premises wh;c, jj)avij KeminMer and wife, by Deed beann,r jate tiie "9th of March, 1850, and rccoried at Stroud?Lurg, in Deed Book, Vol. 4 J3n-C 012, rrranled and conveyed to the , j u vt.nRer. Fenner. Hie improvements r l hereon are a Plank Dwelling House, a story and a half high, nbout 10 ft. in width by 22 ft. in length, and a FRAME STA BLE, about 10 feet square. Land all clear ed and in a good state of cultivation. m THIRD. All that certain messu.tge and tract of land situate in said township of Ham ilton, adjoining the land first above describ ed, land of George Miller, Daniel Newell, other land ofsa id Jos. Fenner, land of Samu el Andrew, and land of Charles Yinger, con taining -CiChly-oiic Acre and Twcnty fccveii Ierchc, more or les. Being the tract or piece of land first described in the Deed Irom lienry Ftnner, Senior, and wife, bearing date tho first day of April, A. D. 1341, and recorded at Stroudsburg, in Dcek Book, Vol 3, pp. 13. The improvements thereon are a Stone Dwelling House, fili two f torics high, about 22 ft. by 30 ft. with a CELLAR KITCHEN underneath. A FRAME BARN with Stone Stabling thereunder, about 40 feet in width by 50 ft. in length. The land is all cleared and a bout TWENTY ACRES thereof are Mead ow. There is an excellent Apple Orchard, and other Fruit trees upon the premises, ling, land late of John W codling, land o and a well of water near the dwelling house. ! Solomon Rinker, and other land of the said FOURTH. All that tract or piece of Joseph Fenner, containing 180 ACRES, land, 6ituato in said township of Hamilton, more or lesa. Being the same premises adjoining the tract last above described, which Andrew C. Woodling and wife, lands of Samuel Andrew, Enos Paul, John by Deed, of the first day of April, A I). 18G5, Shoemaker, and Daniel Newell, containing recorded t Stroudsburg, in Deed Book, vol. T wen iv.ke veil Acre. 13 Paffc 150 &c- ffranted and conveyed to Twcuti-fceveii Acre, h Fenncr About 40 acrca of strict measure. Being the same premises lbis tract are improved, and the residue is 1 C 1,i0dT.Lo,l c?dlUra1n 7 ! J well Timbered wilh Chestnut and Oak; a their deed dated the 27th day of April, A. D. 8mal, 6trcam of waler pa6SC8 through the 1847, and recorded at Stroudsburg, in Deed . premiseg Book vol. 4 page 178, fcc. granted and con- j TJIiItTEENTII.All that certain mes veyed to the said Joseph f enner. J his e aR(J tfact of iece of land eituate in tract of land is all cleared and in a good ailton townsllipf adjoining the last above state of cultivation, and a small brook runs describetl tract 0F land, land of Solomon Rin- lht?l r SeA tor, Charles Frantz and George Woodling, FIFTH. All that certain ,:;, 1n, Annus mnm. or less. Crist Will. SaW Mill. &f&l'SJ. Being tho same premises which Isaiah Rink- -T messuage and tract uate in said townsn ton. adjoining uie ursntowc uuniucu uu t i I t .. l r- v r r A mi r A w l- s A of and land of Jerome Bwjrtwood. and land of George Snyder, containing Fiffceu Acres, and Eight Per- die. more or less Bein" the same premises which Barnet FenneF and wife, by Deed bearing date the 7th day of August, A. D. Ot land Bit-aStili M Anril A. 1) lfi-L. recorded at Stroudsburg. ip or iiamii-&,iik2j :-r". Vo - , ,i "i 1848, and recorded at Stroudsburg, in Deed Book, Vol. 4, page 207 &c, granted and conveyed to the said Joseph Fenner, and the same which Jerome Swart wood and wife, by Deed bearing date the 17th day of May, A. D. 1855, and recorded at Stroudsburg, in Deed Book, Vol. 7, page 194, granted and conveyed to the said Joseph Fenner. The improvements thereon are a Grist Mill Part Stone and Part Wank, about . III! ;?0 1V.wld! by ou le,et in lenth in which there are four run of Stones, two Water-Wheels, and all other necessary ma- 1 a i inS IIouse attached thereto, about 20 feet by 30 re,c't A, Fram,? Dwelling House two sto- ofiIito "su ' J w ' length, and a Frame Stable about 25 feet square. The land is all improved, and there is a good Spring of Water near the Dwelling House. McMichacl'a Creek runs through the premises. SIXTH. All that certain messuage and tract or piece of land situate in said town ship of Hamilton, adjoining land of John II. enner, Anna ol utter, and other land ot said i . 1 o Five Acres and Two Perches, more or less Being the same premises which Evan Spragle and wife, by deed, bear ing date the lGth day of February A. D. 1865, and recorded at Stroudsburg, in Deed Book, Vol. 13, page 14S, &c. granted and conveyed to the said Joseph Fenner, The improvements thereon arc a Plank . , Dwelling House, 3J$j. a story and a half high, and about 20 feet wide by 34 ft. in length, A Log Stable, about 10 ft. by 19 ft. and a Well of Waler near the house. The Land is all under cul tivation. SEVENTH. Also, all that certain tract or piece of land situate in said township of Hamilton, adjoining the last above described tract, lands of Jerome Fenner, George Butts and Henry Wall, and containing Four Acres and a Half, more or less; being part ot the second de scribed piece or parcel of land mentioned in the Deed from Henry Fenner and wile to Joseph Fenner, bearing date the first of A pril A. D. 1841, and recorded at Strouds burg, in Deed Book, Vol. 3, page 12, &c. This land is all cleared and in a good state of cultivation. EIGHTH. All that certain Timber lot or tract of land situate in said township of Hamilton, adjoining lands of Jonas Murphy, Sarah Van Buskirk, other lands of said Jo seph Fenner, and land of Peter Butz, and containing TEX ACRES, strict measure. This lot is heavily Timbered, and McMich ael's Creek passes through the Fame. Be ing the same premises which Abraham Feth erman and wife, by Deed, bearing date the Gth day of December, A. D. 1S50, and re corded at Stroudsburg, in Deed Book, Vol. 5. page 114; granted and conveyed to the said Joseph Fenner. NINTH. All that other certain Timber lot or piece of land situate in said township of iamilton, adjoining the land last above described, land of Sarah Van Buskirk, John Marsh and Peter Butz, and containing 3 A CRES and 100 PERCHES, strict meas ure. Being the same premises which Da vid Kemmercr and wife, by Deed, bearing date the Oth day of September, A. D. 1852, and recorded at Stroudsburg, in Deed Book, vol. 5, pp. 5S9, &c, granted and conveyed to the said Joseph Fenner. This lot is well Timbered with Oak and other Timber. TEXTH.All that other certain Timber lot or tract of land situate in said township of Hamilton, adjoining lands of Joseph Kel ler, Charles Lowe, John Williams, and land late of Andrew Groner, deceased, contain ing 22 ACRES and VS PERCHES, strict measure. Being the same premh.es which Andrew Groner and wife, byDeed, of the first day of May, A. D. 1854, recorded at Stroudsburg, in Deed Book, vol. 7, pp. 192, &c, granted and conveyed to the said Jo- seph Fenner. ELEVEXTII.AU that certain tractor piece of land situate in said township of Hamilton, adjoining lands of William Sobers, John Mmsfieldand Blue Mountain lands, and containing TWENTY-FIVE ACRES, more or less. Being the 6ame premises which John Mansfield and wife, by Deed, bearing date the 8th day of December, A. D. 18G4, but not recorded, granted and convey ed to the said Joseph Fenner. And the same which Geo. Shafer and wife by Deed bear ing date the 22d day ofApril A. D. 1854, and recorded at Stroudsbuag, in Deed Book, Vol. 7, page 50.9. granted and conveyed to the said Joseph Fenner. About 15 acres of this tract is heavily Timbered with Rock Oak. TWELFTH All that certain tractor piece of land situate in said township of 7amilton, adjoining lands of George Wood ling, Isaac Dieter, Jonas Newhart, Alexan der arps, land late of Andrew C. Wood- - , - Almnt - -'deed and und . culi,ation (of which 10 acre8 are Meadow), 'and the balance is -well Timbered. The improvements are a FRAME DWELLING HOUSE, one and a half stories high, about 24 feet wide by 28 feet long. A Frame Barn wiib Stone Stabling underneath, about fcN n :s'r,rm u i -Ati n n,i m k iAnfff rr ina .Mil iih v hi in LlC'HU 1HXJK. VOl. It), pp. ti""-" 3G feet wide by 50 feet long. There is an "Ciu uiuiuiu uiiu uuici r mil i ices oil the premises, a Spring of Water near the house, and a small stream of water running through the land. FO UR TEE NTH. A 11 that certain mes suage and tract or piece of land situate in the township of Jackson, in said county of Mon roe, adjoining lands of Frederick Doll, land Jate ol Michael Zacharias, land late of Ja- cob Lngler, and land of John D. Frailey, ' ticulars tho victory achieved by the na and containing 4G ACRES and 79 PER- ' tional government has been final and dc CIIES, more or less. Beinir the 6atne . cisive. First, it has established bevond premises which George Zacharias and wife, all further controversy, and by the high Ay SCC,o Aearin,? date , l!?e 8li? dy, .f APri'' of all human sanctions, tho absolute nritlf Tnn rrat St7"dsLu,rm , supremacy of the national government, as Deed Book, vol. 7, pp. 3G6, granted and con- jr i ,i i- -..m .,n n ... ,! veyed tonhe said Joseph Fenner. The im- d.DedTTa.Dfd ,Imi ed b Constitution provements thereon are a Frame Dwelling ' ?f ttho .United States, and the permanent House, about 18 by 20 feet. A Frame Barn integrity and indissolubility of the ledc with Stone Stabling thereunder, about .29 't ral Union as a necessary consequence ; ft. square. This tract is nearly all cleared . anJ second, it has put an end finally and and under cultivation, about one-half thereof being Meadow. Seized and taken in execution as the prop erty ot Joseph I enner, and to be sold by me for cash. CHARLES HENRY, Sheriff! ShcrifFs Office Stroudsburg, ) August 10, 18GG. TO THE PEOPLE OP THE UNITED STATES. Having met in convention, at the city of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsy lvania, this lGth day of August, 18GG, as the representatives of the people of all sections, and all the States and Territo ries of the Union, to consult upon the condition and the wants of our common country, we address to you this declara tion of our principles, and of the politi cal purposes we seek to promote. Since the meeting ot the last national convention, in the year 18G0, events have occurred which have changed the charac ter of our internal politics aud given the United States a new place among the na tions of the earth. Our government has passed through the visissitudes and the perils of civil war a war which, though mainly sectional in its character, has ncv crthlcss decided politicial differences that from the very beginning of the govern ment had threatened the unity of our na tional existence, and has left its impress deep and ineffaceable upon all the inter ests, the seutiments, and the destiny of the republic. While it has inflicted upon the whole country severe losses in life and in property, and has imposed burdens which must weigh on its resources for generations to come, it has developed a degree of national courage iu the presence of national dangers, a capacity for mili tary organization and achievement, and a devotion on the part of the people to the form of government which they have ob tained, and to the principles of liberty which that government was designed to promote, which must confirm the confi dence of the nation in the perpetuity of its republican institutions, and commaud the respect of the civilized world. Like all great contests which rouse the passions and test the endurance of na tions, this war has given new scope to the ambition of political parties, and fresh impulso to plans of innovation and re form. Amidst the chaos of conflicting sentiments inseparable from such an era, while the public heart is keenly alive to all the passions that can sway the public judgment and affect the public action ; while the wounds of war still fresh and bleeding on cither side, and fears for the future take unjust proportions from the memories and resentments of the past, it is a difficult but an imperative duty which on your behalf we, who are here assem bled, have undertaken to perform. For the first time after six long years of alienation and of conflict, we have come together from every State and every seo tion of our land, as citizens of a common country, under that flag, the symbol a gain of a common glory, to consult toge ther how best to cement and perpetuate that Union which is again the object of our common love, and thus secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity. In the first place we invoke you to re member, always and everywhere, that the war is ended aud the nation is again at peace. The shock of contending arms no longer assails the shuddering heart of the republic. The insurrection against the supreme authority of the nation has been suppressed, and that authority has been again acknowledged, by word and act, in every State anJ by every citizen within its jurisdiction. We are no longer re quired or permitted to regard or treat each other as enemies. Not only have the acts of war been discontinued and the weapons of war laid aside, but the state of war no longer exists, pud the senti ments, the passions, tho relations of war have no longer lawful or rightful place auywhere throughout one broad domain. We arc again people of tho United States, fellow-citizens of one country, bound by . the duties and obligations of a common patriotism, and having neither rights nor interests apart from a common destiny. The duties that devolve upon us now are again the duties of peaco, and no longer the duties of war. We have assembled hero to take counsel concerning the in terests of peace to decide how wo may btatc:.a:auahip, which tolerates whatitcan most wisely and effectually ncai tne uu ,rm .., ..- . - t aa !U1,enjlucnt 0f tho Coastitu. wounds the war made, and perfect and aws or choosing their When, therefore, any State perpetuate the benefits it has secured, and jihv.h.11 comply with such cd fr0m such reprcention, not the blessings which, under a wise aud be- perform such ac A las C JR . ia a riU uf tbo State denied but nign Providence, have sprung up m its composedmay itself prescnbe v l the constitutional integrity of tho State is fiery track. This is the work, not of pas- ha notonly bceu averted bu it has r ion, but of calm aud eober judgment; cxercissd, and is rac ,-CaU1"I0C;t 1" ment itself is brought iu question. Dut not of resentment for past offenses, pro- present . me Nor doc, it hm njiup c fc (bo nt lumeut lli(jl cx. longed beyond tho limits which justice j port m the theory that the fc UUa hu. ; speculation, in kth branch, and reason- prescribe, but of a liberal eluded are in rebellion agaiubt the fcov ,.. , s?! r ( Vnum. " - k w i . . i,, i .1 tr.kiii i iu .1 in i.Lu il Jw'1 . tw t. wvii' w J not prevent, and builds its plans and its nopes lor tno iuture ratner upon a com munity of interest and ambition than up on distruts ancT the weapons of force. In the next place, we call upon you to recognize iu their lull significance, and to accept with all their legitimate conse ' queuces, the political results of the war . Jusl cioaea. la two most important par- lorever to the existence of slavery upon the soil or within the jurisdictiou of the United States. Doth these points bocame directly involved iu the contest, and con troversy, upon both was ended absolutely and finally by the result. In the third place, we deem it of the utmost importance that the real character of the war and the victory by which it was closed should be accurately under stood. The war was carried on by the government of the United States in main tenance of its own authority and in de fense of its own existence, both ot which were menaced by the insurrection which it sought to suppress, lue suppression of that insurrection accomplished that re suit. The government of the United States maintained by force of arms the supreme authority overall the territory and over all the States and people within its jurisdiction which the Constitution confers upon it; but it acquired thereby no new power, no enlarged jurisdiction, no rights either of territorial possession or of civil authority, which it did not pos sess before the rebellion broke Out. All the rightful power it can ever possess is that which is conferred upon it, either in express terms or by fair and necessary implication, by the Constitution of the United States. It was that power and that authority which the rebellion sought to overthrow, and victory of the Federal arms was simply the defeat of that at tempt. The government of the United States acted throughout the war on the de fensive. It sought only to hold possession of what was already its own. Neither the war, uor the victory by which it was closed, changed in any way the Constitu tion of the United States. The war was carried on by virtue of its provisions, and under the limitations wheich they "pre scribe, and the result of the war did not cither enlarge, abridge, or in any way change or affect the powers it confers up on the Federal government, or release that government from the restrictions it has imposed. The constitution of the United States is to-day, precisely as it was before the war, the "supreme law of the land, any thing iu the constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding and to-day, also, precisely as before the war, all the powers not conferred by the Constitution upon thegeneral government, Dot prohibited by it to the States, are "re-1 served to the several btatcs,or to tne people thereof." This position is vindicated not only by the essential nature of our government, and the language and spirit of the Con atitution, but by all the acts and the lan guage of our government, in all its de partments, and at all times, from the out brake of the rebellion to its final over throw. In every message and proclama tion of the executive it was cxplicity de cleared that the sole object and purposo of the war was to maiutain the authority of the Constitution and to preserve the integrity of the Union; and Congress more than once reiterated this solemn declara tion, aud added tho assurance that, when ever this object should be attained, tho war should cease, and all the States should retain their equal rights and dignity un impaired. It is only since the war was closed that other rights have been assert ed on behalf of one department of the general government. It has bceu pro claimed by Congress that, in addition to the powers conferred upon it by the Con stitution, the Federal government may now claim over the States, the territory and the people iuvolvcd in tho insurrec tion the rights of war, the right of con quest and of confiscation, tho right to abrogate all cxistinggoA'crnmcuts, institu tions and laws, and to subject the terri tory conquered and its inhabitants to such laws, regulations and deprivations as the legislative departments of the goveanuieut mnv . fit trt in nOSC. UnUCT 11113 DTOIU j , of the anu sweeDinz ciaiuj, n" v.-v,, i i . ; ii f i I ii ii ca Pnncl;t.L which provides that"no State - . . refused, representation altc branches of the federal Con; shall without its consent be deprived of.u, oui u.u uiuj wamg iurri.Scu its equal suffrage in the Senate of the1 i-iives is imposed upon the people of United States" has been annulled, and ; each and every State alike, without dw- ' LCU " -.. . h.ivrt been relusetl. and are sti 11 uucwvu, ui uo ttU",u'"j Mv- ! States aCd of the people of the Union aro'curo every State this r.ght of represeuta- i. ' h-riol.k time tion. it is expressly proviued that J no ilia rnnrrmia in win nil rmlv : Till ft.ln.l tfcA rt from representation. . i -ii -i... :.. n,i.;, tl.rt.r nw'i.rivcJ of its coual sulirago iu that body, crnmca: auaaiciutrt-ioii;i.-' . sharing its authority. They are not thua in rebellion. They are one and fill in an attitude of loyalty towards tho govern ment, and of sworn allegiance to tho Con stitution of the Uuited Statos. Iu uo one of them is there the slightest indication of resistance to this authority, or the slight est protest airaiust its just aud bicdiug obligation. This condition of renewed loy alty has bceu officially recognized by sol emn proclamation of the executive de partment. The la'ws of the United Statorf have been extended by Congress over all these States aud the people thereof. " Federal courts have been reopened, and Federal taxes imposed aud levied, aud in every respect, except, that they are denied representation iu Congress and the electoral college, the States "once in re bellion are recognized as holding tho same position, as owing the same obligation, and subject to the same duties a3 the oth er States of our coaiiuou Union. It seems to U3, in the excrciso of tho calmest and most candid judgment we can bring to the subject, thatsuch a claim. so enforced, involves as fatal au overthrow of the authority of the Constitution, and as complete a destruction of the government and Uuion, as that which was sought to be effected by the States and people iu armed insurrection against them both. It cannot escape observation that the pow er thus asserted to exclude certain States from representation is made to rest whol ly in the will and discretion of tho Con gress that asserts to. It is not made to de pend upon any specified conditions or cir cumstances, uor to be subject to any rules or regulations whatever. Tho right as serted and expressed is absolute, with- out qualification or restriction, not con fined to States iu rebellion, uor to States that have rebelled; it is the right in auy Congress, in formal possession of legisla tive authority, to exclude any State or States, aud any portiou of the people there of, at any time, from represeutation in Congress and in the electoral college, at its own discretion, and until they shall perform such acts and comply with such conditions as it may dictate. Obviously, tho reasons for such exclusion, being whol ly withiu the discretion of Cougress, may change as the Congress itself shall change. One Congress may exclude a State from all share iu the government for one rca- son, ana, that reason removed, tne next Congress may exclude it for auothcr. One State may be excluded on one ground to-day, aud another may be excluded on the opposite ground to-morrow. North ern ascendancy may exclude southern States from one Congress ; the ascendancy of western or of southern interests, or of both combined, may exclude the north ern o?the eastern State from the next. Improbable as such usurpations may seem, the establishment of the principle now asserted and acted upou by Congress wlil render them by no means impossible. The character, indeed the very existence of Congress and the Union is thus made dependent solely and entirely upon tho party and sectional cxgcucics or forbear ance of the hour. We need not stop to show that such an action not only finds no warrant iu the Constitution, but is at war with every principle of our government, and with tho very existence of free institution. It ia, indeed, the identical practice which has rendered fruitless all attempts hitherto to establish aud maintain free governments in Mexico aud the State of Southern America. Prty necessities assert them selves as superior to the fundaniential law, which is set aside in reckless obe dienco to their behests. Stabililty, wheth-' er iu the exercise of power, in tho admin istration of government, or in the enjoy ment of rights, becomes impossible ; aud the conflicts of party, which, under con stitutional governments, are the. conditions and means of political progress, are merg ed in the conflicts of arms to which they directly and inevitably tend. It was against this peril, so conspicuous and so fatal to all free governments, that our Constitution was intended especially to provide. Not only the stability but the very existence of tha government is made by its provisions to depend upon tho rizht and the fact of representation. Tho Congress, upou which is conferred all the legislative power of the national govern ment, consists of two branches, the Sen ate and House of Representatives, whoso joiut concurrence or assent is csscatial to the validity or any law. Of those tho House of lvcprescntativcs, says the Con stitution (article 1, section 2), "shall bo composed of members chosen every secou 1 year by the people of tho several States." Not onlv is tho right of representation thus i a .-ff-.-ti t A States and by every State without rcstrio- tion, qualification, or condition ct any ! I . i. - .!.... .-f -i : octher iu both'1009 among them, for any reasou or upon onress. And '.any grounds whatever. AndiuthoScn lv a rart of the 'ate, so careful is the Constitution to so- : State shall, without its consent, be de- f
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