m JDcDotcb to politico, literature, Qlgriculturc, Srinxa, iMoraliti), anir cncral intelligence. VOL 18. STROUDSBURG, MONROE COUNTY, PA. NOVEMBER 3, IS59. NO. 44. Published by Theodore Sclioch. TERMS. Two dollars per annum in advance Two Hollars ami a quarter, half yearly and if not paid be (ore the end of the year, Two dollars and a half. No papers discontinued until all arrearages are paid, except at the option of the Editor. 10Advcrliscmonts of one square (ten lines) or less, one or three insertions, $1 00 Each additional inser tion, 25 cents. Longer ones in proportion. .TOR PRINTING. Having a general assortment of large, plain and or namental Type, c are prepared to execute every de scriplion of Cards, Circulars, Kill Heads. Notes. Blank Receiptss Justices. Legal and other Illanks, Pamphlets. &c, prin, led with neatness and despatch, on roason.ible term at this office. J. Q. DUCKWORTH. JOHN HAYN. To Country DcalcB's. DUCKWORTH & HAYN, WHO nitS ALE DEALERS IN groceries. Provisions, Liqnors,&c. No. 80 Dey street, New York. June 16. 1859. ly AN OVERLAND JOURNEY. XXVII CJarson Valley The Sierra Nevada, Placerville, Cal., Aug. 1, 1859. Though the Carson sinks in or is ab sorbed by the same desert with tho Hum boldt, a glance at its worst estate suffices to conince the traveler that the former waters by far the more hopeful region. Iiirse Cottonwood dot its banks very uear its tnouth, aud its valley, wherever moist, is easily rendered productive. You feel that you are once more in a land where the arm ol Iudustry need not be paralyzed by sterility, obstruction, and despair. Still, the prevalence of drouth i here a fearful fact. No rain in Summer that is, none that can be calculated on, nono that amounts to anything might well appall the cultivator accustomed to -warm, refreshing bovors thioughout the grouiug sea-on. We eroded, on our 2a pid ride up the Carbon, a single high plain twenty-sis mile ion and from his o twelve wide, v. hich drouth alone dooms io Sageb.ub, sterility, and worthlessness . Two or three other plains or high inter vales further op are nearly as scorched and barren. All these may be rendered most productive by irrigation, and hero is the water at hand. If tho new Gold Mines in tbi valley shall ultimately jus tify their present promise, a very large demand for Vegetable Food will speedily tpring up here, which can only be satis fied by domestic production. The vast deserts eastward cannot meet it, the ara ple region about Silt Lake is at once too restricted and too distant; inland Califor nia is a dear country, and the transporta tion of bulky staples over the Sierra a -costly operation. The time will ultimate ly come itaiBj or may not be in our day when two or three great dams over the Carson will reader the irrigation of these broad, arid plains on its banks per fectly feasible; and then this will be one of the mo?t productive regions on earth. The vegetable tood of One Million Peo ple can easily be grown here, while their cattle may be reared and fed in the moun tain vales north and south of this valley. And when the best works ball have been -constructed, and all the lights of science and experience brought to ber on the subject, it will be found that nearly eve rything that contributes to buiuan or brute sustenance can be grown uctually cheaper by the aid of irrigation than without it. As yet, we know little or nothing of the application of water to laud and cropn, and our ignorance cau-es deplorable waste and blundering. Eve ry year henceforth will make us wiser on this head. Twenty miles or so below Genoa, wo passed "Johntown" a Chinese settlr nient, whose people find employment in the re cently discovered Gold Mines. These nines are some eight miles northward of 'Gold Canon," and are reported immense ly rich. Silver and Copper are blended with Gold in the same vein-stone. A few ore making money very fast here, but these few control all the available water, and it seems impossible to introduce more. If a supply can be obtained at all, it must be at enormous cot I have vaguely hoard of a patented process or processes for neparating Gold from other minerals or earths without the use of water; if there be any such process, which is not a humbug, I urge'the owner of tho patent to bate to Carson Valley and there make his fortune. I assure him of an enthusiastic welcome. "Corson City," just above Johntown, though it has few houses as jet, aspires to be the emporium of the new Gold Re gion, and perhaps of the embryo State of Neveda; but Genoa, ten or fifteen miles further up, is the present emporium, though a village of but forty or fifty hou ses. Here a Convention had been in ses sion for a fortnight and had completed a Constitution for the aforesaid embryo State of Nevada only the night bofore our arrival. We met fotue of the delegates bound homeward. Said State is to com prise the western half (very uearly) of U tah, with (I telievc) a uiall .trip of eas tern California. California may object to this; but I trust progress will organize at least the Territory of Nevada at an early day. It is an established fact that a divison of power between Mormons and Gentiles seldom works harmoniously; but iu Utah there is no division the Mor mons have all. The people of Carson Valley, and of Western Utah generally, ' arc not Mormons; the Legislation of Utah is unsuitcd and unacceptable to them; they desire to be pet off, and I trust they soon may be. Though few in numbers as yet, they are rapidly increasing, and will noon possess all the elements of a State. I had previously seen some beautiful valleys, but I place none of these ahead of Carson. 1 judge that portion of it al ready in good part under cultivation a bout thirty miles long by ten to fifteen wide- an area destined to be largely in creased, as I have already indicated. This valley, originally a grand meadow, the borne of the deer and the antelope, is nearly inclosed by high mountains, down which, especially from the north and west, come innumerable rivulets, leaping and dancing on their way to form or join the Carson. Lastly arrested and controll ed, because of the extreme shallowness ' of their beds, these streams have been ' made to irrigate a large portion of the upper valley, producing an abundance of sweetest Grass nnd insuring bounteous harvest al-o of Vegetables, Barley, Oats, &c. Wheat . ieema to do fairly herr; Corn $ not so well; in fact, the nights are too cold j for it if the water were not. For this ' spring water, leaping suddenly down from I its mountain sources, is too cold, too pure, ! to be adapted to irrigation; could it be 1 held back even a week, and exposed in in hhallow ponds or banns to the hot sun shine, it would be vastly more u-eful. When the whole river shall have been made available, twenty to forty miles be low, it will prove far more nutritious and fertilizing. Genoa stands on the narrow bush or slope of bard granitie gravel which inter venes betwixt the mountain"' aud the val ley, with half a dozen rivulets running through it to fructify the fields and gar dens below. Just behind it is the steep ascent of the mountain, its very soil form ed of white, pulverized granite, glorious ly covered with fragrant and graceful pines. As these steep acclivities are ab solutely worthless for any other end than tree growing, I entreat the people of Ge noa to take care of those woods, and not let their place be shorn of half its beauty merely to tavo a mile or so in the haul in" of fuel. I may never see this lovely valley again it ii hardly probable that I ever shall but its beauty, its seclusion, its quiet, the brightness of its abundant rivulets, the grandeur of its inclsoing mountain", the grace and emerald ver dure of their vesture of pines, have gra ven themselves on my ruemory with a vividness and force which only he who has parsed weary weeks on some great, shadt-Iess, verdureless desert can fully realize We stopped but to dine in Genoa, then economized the residue of the day light by pressing on 15 miles to the point at which the California road enters tbe mountains by the side of the largest of the brooks which unite to form tbe Car bon. Here we halted at a fair two-story bouse, the first one I had entered with a hope of resting in it since I left Salt Lake City. We had bed here actual beds, and good ones our first since Camp Floyd. Though our night was not a long one, for we were to htart again by 4 a. ci., I reckon good use was made of it by tbe four through passengers, who had not lain down before since they left Shell Creek, five days ago, and nearly 500 miles away. My own slumber was par tial and broken, as it generally is; but the bath wbioh preceded and prepared for it was a genuine refreshment, and tho sleep seemed quite sufficient. In fact, I felt that I could have gone without for another week, and felt less inconvenience than I did tbo first night we rode and tbe day after. We were in motion again at tbe earli est dawn, for we had still about 75 miles of rugged mountain road to traverse be fore reaching this plaoe. The Carson ' side of tbe road is not yet half made, "' while the half next to this place is in tbe main good. But in fact, tho expense of a good highway up the eastern slope of ' the Sierra must to a heavy one. For that slope is composed of granite sim ple, naked rock with scarcely a fraction of its surface thinly covered by soil. Of oource, no trees but evergreens can live ' a very few small Quaking Asps in tho bottoms of the ravines scarcely form an exception while almost eery road is covered by giant, glorious Pines. I saw Sugar and Tallow Pines at lea-t eight feet in diameter and tall in proportion; 1 am , assured that one was recently cut near this road which measured eight feet a cross at a height of eighty feet from the ground, and from which two hundred and forty thousand shingles were made. Beside these universal Pines, there are giant Cedars, Balsam Firs, aud some lledwood, after we cross the summit, wo found also Oaks, which gradually increas ed in size and number as we descended. I think I saw Oaks (the prevalent Cali fornia species is much like onr White Oak) at least four fect through in short, I never saw anything like so much nor so good timber in the oourse of any sov-enty-fivo miles' travel as I saw in cross- ing tne oierra Nevada. How greatly is in this abundance, I blent Califarnia T need not say. The road over this pass by far tho lowest and most practicable of any over the Sierra Nevada rises steadily for twelve or thirteen miles from our morn ing's starting-point, then descends for two or three miles as abruptly to tbe valley of a brook which runs north into Lake Bigler, which in turn finds an outlet into Truckee River, whereby its waters are borne eastward into the desert and there dissipated. There is fine grass on Lake Bigler, and several hundred cows are kept there in Summer, making butter for the California market. When snow falls, these cattle are driven down to the valley of the Sacramento, where tbe rains are now commencing, and they here live with out hay till June, when they are taken back to tbe mountains again, where only is butter made from them. The business is very lucrative, the land costing nothing and being unfenced. Taking into ac count gold, timber, and grass, the Sierra Nevada is probably the richest and moat productive mountain-chain on earth. From the vally aforesaid, we rose a gain for two miles, along a narrow road cut into the side of a mountain, with a precipitious descent on the right. Then we began to descend one more, beside a rivulet which leaped and laughed on its way to the Pacific The ascent from the Carnon side is far shorter than the de scent this way, Carson Valley being much higher than that of tbe Sacramen to. But the road, even on this side, is, for most of the way, eaten into tho side of a steep mountain, with a precipice of from five to fifteen hundred feet on one side and as steep an eminence on the oth er. Yet along this mere shelf, with' hard ly a place to each mile where two meet ing wagons can pass, the mailstage was driven at tbo rate of ten miles an hour (in one instance eleven), or jut as fast as four wild California horses, whom two men could scarcely harness, could draw it. Our driver was of course skillful; but bad he met a wagon suddenly on round ing one of tbo sharp points or projections we wcro constantly passing, a fearful crash was unavoidable. Hud his horses seen fit to run away (as they did run once, on the unhooking of a trace, but at a place where he had room to rein them out of tbe road on the upper side, ami thus stop them) I know that he could not have held them, and we might have pitched headlong down a precipice of a thousand feet, where all of the concern that could have been picked up afterward would not have been worth two bits per lut-hel. Yet at this break-neck rate we were driven for not less than four hours or forty miles, changing horses every ten or fifteen, and raising a cloud of dust through which it was difficult at times to si-e anything. We cro-sed tbe south fork of the American River eighteen miles above this, rising two or three miles immediately after to tbe summit of the ridge south, and thenceforward the road nearly to this city, descends steadily a beautifully inclined ridge, and, but for the dust, would be one of the finest drives on earth. Aud right glad was 1 to find myself once more among friends, sur rounded by tbe comforts of civilization, and with a prospect of occasional rest. I cannot conscientiously recommend the route I have traveled to Summer tourists in quest of plea.-ure, but it is a baltu for many bruises to know that I am at last in California. XXVIII. California Mines and Mining. Sacramento, Aug. 7, 1859. I have spent the last week mainly a mong the mines and miners of Eldorado, PI aces, and Nevada Counties, in the heart of tho gold-producing region. There may be richer "diggings" north or south, but 1 believe no other three counties ly ing together have yielded in the aggre gate, or are now producing, so much gold as those I have named. Of course, I bave not even been within sight of more than a fraction of the mines or placers of these counties, while I have not carefully studied even one of them; and yet the lit tle information I bave been able to glean in the intervals of traveling, friendly gree ting, and occasional speech-making, may bave tome value for those whose igno rance on the subject is even more dense than mine. Tbe three counties I have named lio near tbe center of the State, at the base of the Sierra Nevada, between thoso mountains on the east and the valleys of tbe Sacramento on tho West. Thoy are rugged in formation, being composed of inuumcrablo hills (mainly spurn of tbe great ohain), separated by narrow val leys, usually descending to the west, and gradually opening out into tho broad rich valley of tho Sacramento. The three branches' or "forks" of the American and thoso of the Yuba River come brawlin" down from the Sierra Nevada through very deep, narrow valleys or canons, and unite respectively to run a very short course less rapidly ere they are lost in the Sucramento the Yuba having pre viously formed a junction with tho Feath er. "Bear River," "Wolf Creek," "Dear Creek," &o., are the names of still small er strearuB, taking their rise among the foot hills, and running a short course in to souio fork of the American or Yuba, their scanty waters, with a good portion of those of tbe rivers aforesaid, bein mainly drawn off into canals or "ditches," asthoy ore inaccurately termed, by which the needful fluid is subplied to the miners. THE CANALS. These oanalu are a striking characteris tic of the entire mining region. As you traverse a wild and broken district, per haps miles from any human habitation or bign of present husbandry, they intersect your dusty, indifferent road, or are car- and washing the gravel or earth in the of a current of water so directed a- to n'ed in flumes supported by a frame-work bed of any water-course, whether river, fall on the right spot, or (better still) pro of timber twenty to sixty fect over your creek or dry gulch. But Chinese bands jeeted through a hose and pipe with tho head. Some of these flumes or open a- of six to twelve wero often hard at work force generated by a heavy fall. The queducts are carried across valleys each in these water-courses Bear River, the former of these methods is exhibited in a mile or more in width; I have seen two south fork of the Yuba, &c. digging aud perfection at Nevada, the latter at North of them thus crossing side by side. The washing, with rocker, sluice, and a sort of San Juan, near tho middle fork of tho canals range from ten to sixty or eighty wheel-and-fluxe arrangement, which I Yuba, streams at least three inches in di miles in length, and are filled by dam- did not get the hang of. ameter, and probably containing twenty ming the streams wberefrom they are sev-1 The Chinese aro hardly used here. In measured inches of water are directed a erally fed, and taking out their water in the first place, they are taxed four dol- gain?t the remaining half of a hipjh hill, a wide trench, which runs along the side lars each per month for tho naked privi-, which thoy strike with such force that of one bank, gradually gaining compara- lege of mining at all. Next, they are not boulders of the size of canon balls aro tivo altitude as the stream by its side falls allowed to mine anywhere but in diggings started from their beds and hurlid five to lower in its canon, until it is at length on which white men have worked out and ten feet into the air. By this process, tbo crest of the headland or mountain abandoned, or wbiob no white man con- one man will wash away a bauk of earth promontory wbioh projects into the plain sidera worth working. Thirdly, if theo like a hayrack sooner than a hundred and may be conducted down either side ' rejeoted diggings happen, in Chinese' men could do it by old-fashioned sluicing, of it in any direction deemed desirable, bands, to prove better than their reputa-1 1 believe earth yielding a baro cent's 1 think several of these cauals have cost tion, and to begin yielding liberally a mob worth of gold to the pan may be profita nearly or quite half a million dollars each, of white sovereigns soon drives the Chi- bly washed by this process, paying a rea having been enlarged and improved from nese out of them, neck aud heels. "John" sonable price for the water. As much year to year, as circumstances dictated does not seem to be a very bad fellow,, as S100 per day is profitably paid for tho and means could be obtained. One of but he is treated wor-e than though he water thrown through one pipe. The them, originally constructed in defianoe were. He is not malignant nor sanguin- stream tbm thrown will knock a man as of sanguine prophecies of failure, return- ary, and seldom harms any but his own lifeless as though it were a grape-shot. ed to its owners the entire cost of its con- tribe. But he is thoroughly t-ensual, in- j As the bank, over a hundred feet high, struction within three months from the tent on the fullest gratification of his car-; s undermining by tbe battery, it frequent date of La completion. Then it was found nal appetites, and on nothing else. He ' ly. caves from the top downward, reaching necessary to enlarge and every way to eats and drinks the best hn con get, and and burying the carele.-s operator. Three improve it, and every dollar of net earn- J as much as he can bold; tut ho is never! men have thus been killed at San Juan ings for the next four ears was devoted so devoid of self-respect as to be seenjw,tbin tbe last month, until at length to its perfection. In some instances, the drunk in a public place; even for an opium greater caution is exercised, and the ope projectors exhausted their own means debauch, he secludes himself where none ! rator stands twice as far away as he for and then resorted to borrowing on mort- but a friendly eye can reach him. Hisjmcrly did. Very long sluices a3 long gage at California rates of interest; I bo-1 "particular vanity" in the eating line is as may be conduct the discharged wa lieve nearly or quite evory such experi- Rice, whereof ho will have the best only ter away; and I am told that it is no mat ment resulted in absolute bankruptcy and if the best is to be bad; he likes a fat ter how thick with earth the water may a change of owners. Of late, the solvent chicken aluo, and will pay his last dollar runt provided the sluice be long enough, and prosperous companies have turned for one rather than go without. Lacking 1 It 3 of course so arranged as to present their attention to damming the outlets of the dollar, it is charged that he will rob j rifles, crevices, &c, to arrest tho gold at tho little lakes which fill the hollows of hen-roosts; at all events, hen roosts are ' first borne along by tbe turbid flood. I tbe Sierra, in order to hold back the su- sometimes robbed, and "John" has to! believe there are companies operating by perabundant waters of the Spring months for use in Summer and Autumn. This cour-e is aouoiy benincent. in that it d- minishes the danger from floods to which this city is specially subject, but which is also serious in all the valleys or canons ol the Mining region wherein there is any- thing that water can injure. I judge that the coat aud present cash value of these mining canals throughout California must be many millions of dollars, paying in the average a fair income, while their (the few Chinese women brought to this supply of water is at this season, and from, country being utterly shameless and a July to November, utterly inadequate. Ibandoned), so that he forms no domestio Water is sold by them by the cubic inch; a stream four inches deep and six wide, for instance, being twenty-four inches, for which fifty cents per inch, twelve dol- lars per day must be paid by the taker. A head of six inches that is. six inches' depth of water in the flume above tbe top ot the aperture through which the water esoapes into the miners' private ditoh or nians would be less comfortable than they flume is usually allowed. Tbe price are. per day ranges from twenty cepts to one As to Quarz-Mining or the reduc dollar per inch, though I think it now tion to powder of tbe vein-stone wherein seldom reaches the higher figure, which ' gold is contained, and the extraction of was once common. Wero the supply j the gold from the powder, by means of twice as copius as it is, I presume it would water, quicksilver, &c. I judge that tbe all be required; if the price were some (time has not even yet arrived for its prof- i.i t .1 . i t . rrti wnat lowered by tne increase, 1 am sure it would be. Many works are now stan ding idle solely for want of water. THE MINES. Go where you will in the Mining region, I that fully three out of every four quartz you are seldom a mile distataot from , mining enterprises have proved failures, pastor present "diggings." Speakingl or have at best achieved no positive sue generally, every ravine, gully, or water-1 cess. The current estimates of the yield conrse has been prospected; every one at of gold by quartz rock, aro grossly exag some point dug open to tbe "bed-rock, "igerated. I judjje that tho average yield and the overlying earth or gravel run of gold by quartz vein-stone i? less than through a "rocker," "torn" or "sluice,", twenty dollars per tun barely one cent in the hope of making it yield tho shining' per pound and that this yield will not dust. Many of these water courses have1 pay tho average cost of sinking shafts, been deeply and widely dug up for miles running drifts or adits, pumping out wa in extent. If auy are left entirely undis- ter, raising ore (and an immense aggre turbed, the presumption is strong that the gate of dead rock with it), crushing it, subjacent rock i" so near the surface that1 gold has bad no ohance to deposit itself thereon. In some instances, basins or depressions in the rock have been gradu ally filled up with earth probably aurif- erous through thousands of years, and' the gold which might otherwise have been stances of profitable quartz-mining by strewn down the valley for miles is here men on the spot who thoroughly under collected, so that it would be sheer waste I stand their business; but I bavo not beard to mine throughout these miles. But the' of an instance in which money has been more general opinion seems to be that (invested in quartz-mining, by persons out gold is diffused throughout the soil of the I of California, who havo not lost overy far entire Mining region, especially upon and .thing of it. just above tbo surface of tbe bed-rock, though only in certain localities is it suf ficicntlv abundant to iuitifv efforts to ex tract it. I find no one seeming to cher- w m f isb any apprehension that California will, verlying the bed-rock. Many of tbescand that merely to take a log or two cease to produce gold abundantly, at least hill would seem to have been piled, ,n ; from the butt for sawing or cplttting, lea wituin tbe next quarter of a century. !SOme far-off, antediluvian period, upon a I "ug the residue a cumberer of the grouud; On tbe contrary, the current belief ecms : bod or basin of solid granite, which often j trces fit for lbe Bob,e!,t use3 are ade to to be that tho influx of population will in hollows or dips toward its center liko alsub?,erve lbe paltriest, merely because timo so reduce the wages of labor, or tho ' aaocer. If, then, a tunnel can be run in j the? aro bandy, and it is nobody's busi progress of invention and discovery so through the "rim rock" or side of this I ne9s to Preservo theia There was tim rncrease its efficiency, that extensive dis-'sauot,r so happily as to strike the level of!ber enoub bere ten years ago to satisfy tricts will ultimately bo mined with prof- tho bottom, thereby draing off tho water, ! ovorJ kg'"""" d for a century; yet it which are now necessarily avoided. If nn(j affording the utmost facility for ex-;te!' J,t,,irmre will not elapse belore the tho amount of available water wero dou trading the gold-bearin' gravel, the for-"J,nura .W,H bo aog far up into tho bled, with a considerable reduction of tune of the operator may bo made by one ! tains at a heavy cost for logs that price, the Gold product of California lucky, or bettor than lucky, operation. i m,ht ,stl 1 ba?0. been abundant at their would thereupon be increased soveral mil- j lions per annum. At present, Miuing en- terprises of considerable promise and iu- part3 of tho beds of ancient rivers, and so j were idle but 1 n,U9t bo permitted-to do dofinito magnitude remain in abeyance, to be extraordinarily rich in the precious P enrn d hnnniKn I in nrtnA nt nnnr r.nn mm r .t t i . l.i i In he course of a week s ravel through a portion of the Ming district I did no sec a single miner engaged with pick and pan in prospecting. Higher up in the mouutains. or further to the north. I mijrht havo found such. Nor do I rem em- mom- t er hait)".seen white men. save, perhaps in a fiDglo instanco, engaged in digging nf.ntf.po-t nnfl nlhor .. nmfinf.s of Hlft cost l,.,l,l V. fnnmnn nr. inHiimi nlnno lu v'u'' nu"uul OUUL1S WOrKS 111 J5ear ! w. ....V.UWI,, . w... . - ' U Jf I'll,!."! T Ilk of Mining, are deemed too high to justify or even raj,ed perpendicularly by wind- . ana to trip to tbe famou- easoaKj their p.-osooution. Hans, but it is easier to extract it by a 10 ,h. -outo Valley, with a look at ,., r..TV krtr,ntnl drift or tunnel, wherever dos- tho b,g 1 of Mariposa (not the bt- bear tbe blame. He is popularly held to spend nothing, but carry all his gains out oi tne country and borne to nis native 'land a charge disproved by the fact that he is an inveterate gambler, an opium ' smoker, a habitual rum drinker, and a devotee of every sensual vice. But he is Unlike most soft rocks, this seems not to weak in body and not allowed to vote, so' harden by exposure to tho atmosphere. it is safe to trample on him; be docs not 'It 13 found at various depths, and I kuow write English, and so cannot tell the sto-1 D0 way of accounting for it. It seems to ry of bis wrongs; he has no family here ties and enjoys no social standing. Even : the wretebed Indians of California repel with scorn the suggestion that there is any kinship between their race and the ' Chinese. "John" has traits which I can neither praise nor justify: vet I eusnect that, if other men's faults were punished as severely as his, a good many Califor name prosecution, inere are conspicu- ous instances of its success, that of the concern as ''Allison's Ranehe," in Grass Valley, for example but I am confident and extracting the gold, in a country where common labor costs S2-i to S3 per day. At $40 per tun of vein stone, quartz miuing might pay; but where one vein yields $40 per ton, there are many which yield leBs than $20. There are some in I think tbe most popular form of Mi ning at present is that of sinking or draf-1 tine into hills which have a stratum of - - " ravel at or near their base, directlv o- In a few instances, those ubterraocnn wravel basins would seem to bave formed, !,,.. i amtm nnena tho "nao i irr ' is ' Bible Munv nines of this order aro b M J on the "three-sbift" J fl b payinvery handsomely. , P,au uuu urc Fuj"'d " jijr. But tbe newest, moot efficient, most u- niformly profitable mode of operation is1 - . . . that termed Uyarauac mining is, tho washing down and washing away of largo deposits oi auruerous eariuuy meats this method whose gross receipts from a 1 single sluice have reached a lhausand dollars per day. One of the novelties (to mc) of this region is the presence of soft granite putty granite, if I may coin a name for it. me that one-fourth of the granite I saw at the base of recent excavations appear ed soft as cheese. Is not this poculiar to California. Mining is a necessary art, but it does j not tend to beautify the face of-Nature. On the contrary earth distorted into all manner of ungainly heaps and ridges, hills half torn or washed away, and ths residue left in as repulsive shape as can ! Wel' be conceived, roads intersected and often turned to mire bv ditches, water- courses torn up aud gouged out, and riv ers, once pure as crystal, now dense and opaque with pulverized rock such is tho spectacle presented throughout the Mi ning region. Not a stream of any size is allowed to escape the pollution even tbo bountiful and naturally pure Sacramento is yellow with it, and flows turbid and uninviting to tbe Pacific. Tbe people of this City bave to drink it, nevertheless.) Despite theintense heat and drouth always prevalent at this season, the country is full of spriugs, wbioh arc bright and clear as need be; but wherever three or four of these have joined to form a little rill, somo gold seeker is sharp on their track, con verting them into liquid mud. Californi a, in giving up her boarded wealth, sur renders much of ber beauty also. Worse still is the general devastation of Timber. The whole Mining region appears to have been excellently timber ed so much of it as I have traversed was eminently so. Yellow, Pitch, and Sugar (White) Pine (and what is here called Pitch Pine is a large tall and graceful tree), Whito, Black, and Live Oak, with stately Cedars, once oversrread the wholo country, not densely.as in Eastern forots, but with reasonable space between tbe noble trunks the Oaks often presenting tho general appearanco of a thrifty Ap ple Orchard, undergrown with grass aud buhcs. But timber is wanted for flumes, for drifts or tunnel-, for dwellings, for running steam engines, and, as tho land has no ewner, everybody cuts and slash es as if bo carod for nobody but himself, and no tice but to-day. Patriarchal C V, ?ete.,y l? C0DVC,rt luvlT ,,U,UB. leaving mo truuK 1. 11 T' k lo l n0Dl are P'" " ay , , , V . 1 u husbanded as it ourrbt. Retuou-trnueo a visit ,.f 11 ... r.. I L .1 . . b" an, am iu ivuimremj; bj,ioc way, San Francisco and vicinity for tbo last. Houace Greeluy, j-Tho State of Missouri is 3 8 miles long ironi east to west,, and 278 broR.d from north to south. ntgtuyu"?,eQ square miies. l fl 1. 1. ...? , ,, Iuc
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