IT* litisfrutAr Gait* WEDNEIDLY, I.4Baular,'s,lses. JUSTICE AT LAST, Yesterday, 'at Pkatiii!lp• preme Coast of Peanut-mils all the Judges concuiring, made a decision restoilpg hi. the Connellarnie Railroid Comusy, all its rights and knuckling, 'whist were utjustly and cormptly taken from it by the Ligislature. - This decis ion makes substantially, an end of all controversy in this ml 4, It Is true, the matter Is depending, in another form, before the Supreme Court of the United Stuns; .on an appeal taken from the judgment of the Circuit Court at Vlll luunsport, which was that: the act re pealing the charter was unconstitutional and void; but It cannot be doubtful what :e i i ultimate decision of that Court will The opinion of the Circuit Court w Ibe tontained. Bat, if the decision of the Circuit Court shall bo set aside, that result will be of no consequence. The; decision of the illipreme Court of this State practically closes out the while matter; that is, it restores the charter beyond all peradventure. This Is a abject in which this city her a greit stake. DX people have been 4 ) abused and ctio !sled because they felt they were oo ged, and spoke and acted in accordince with that convietion. Justice has been long in coming—long, is measured by their impailence—and they hail it i with the heartier tatisfaci thin. - Mai adds to the grntifindlon is the eircienstancis that the decision wns mum Imola. Not one of the Judges .enter twined the idea that reason or excuse for the repealinguet ever misted.. It Is tali to infer that, under this de cision, the work on the road will bo re sumed 'end pushed to completion with the least possible delay. 1=1:11 Mr. W. Mturon Retreats, controlling engineer of this company,- made, on the 23d ult., a report to the President and managers thereof, relating to the origt. nal construction, present condition, and feasibility of cniargeirient of the canal, which -has 6111C0 been published in patiphlet form. He makes the length of the canal 1801 uglier, divided Inco three sections; from Beaver to head of New Castle pool, al tulles; from bead of New Omsk pool to Conneaut Lake, 80 miles, and from Conneant -Lake to Lake Pile, 45j miles. The snpp'y of_water for the proposed enlarged cqincity of the tires be regards as abundant; and he estimates the cost of the enterprise at gL887,734.34. A this computation was made upon tbo emle of prices existing some little time age. It may be taken for granted a considerable less sum would now mace. In Erie county Much interest is felt relative to this mstter; as, also, general ly along the line of the canal. Indeed, at the election last autumn it entered u a prominent - element into the context for State Senator. I It is now proposed to ask the Legis lure to extend its credit to aid In the en- largement. If we am' correctly Inform . ed, the plan Is to get the State to Issue Itnbonds for the amount required, tak ing a mortgage on the canal as security, Tbo Intention% we lieltere, to bring .Idll before the Legirdranre, to this end, riming the current reaslon. AcConine* to the Deport of the In spectors of the Western Penitentiary, it nowcantains 486 criminal Inmates—the largest number ever :reached. During 'She year 113 were disclurged; thirty-four were pardoned; Ave camped, and two died; so that tho whole number of prin.:" onem for, the year Was 040. Ls the prison bas ealy 318 cells,. it is apperent that two-thirds of the number contain two prisoners instead of one, as the /awe direct. .Of course, this makes the solitary 'system, of I'which so much boasting Au been heard, a nullity, We axe not sorry for Dun,. for ;re hies no faith in the system, - awl think the sooner it shah be got riff of the better. Bat it ought to be superseded by IMO other definite syitep, not by what is in op : pugnation to all systems. Members of the present Legislature ought earnestly to confider this matter. 'The Inspectors cannot Muse to receive priaonen" duly committed; and,' :Tanning them, they cannot retain them in custody in the " manner commanded law. An effeo. Mal remedy ought to he provided foc "Cali condition. of affairs. - . Tux sirup, of Immo county had lisped on and advertised - for male all the --- property anti traneidass of .the Union Vold Company. ate portiOn of this , property was acquired last year, the ' prise pada being stinci,ooo. The pro , pony .of this Company, . situated in • - Wayne county. Wail Cad soma weeks " ago, .the Dahmer*. and Hudson Canal Company becoming thipErchuer. a, ilmahtlese will be of the Property located in Enzerne county.l Indeed, the quit* ausbabla the Union Coal Company was - - -orpurfirsl for the express piped or ha. - its sold out ilia properti and franchises alarmfalling into _ thei possession - of the ' Delswire and Hurisen Canal Company. • This will. work as singspentition of its privileges which it i could hardly have ~- obtained from the itglslatnra. Tel Marine Hospital of- Brie, Pe., wan ineollo rated bythe lest Lees/stun, andwai granted there hendred acres of lend owsted by thetate. as a first ap -promiatiort It 1 is n w proposed to en ter into contract for he erection of snit abie building far km:recital protases on a le contairdeg one I nedred acres, in the ' .city of Erie, a part of .the State e land -• • grant. Yesterday, . Ilion Biog,. Esq., i i of that city, sad Mr E. R. Po rt er, arch --- of Beaks, N. ~ arrived . here for the purpose of rid end inspecting Xlironont Hospital, ' paratary to adopt, .' d r eg a plan for the p oposed new • build ings- They will it. that institution • trader and weicel re will be favors tirimpressed with - general' woven , lence, beauty and , esculent. ~„ ; - Wg - yesterdai me n tioned that one of the Judges of the 8 prams Court of the United Staten had I, tblicly and amsely •Ismstacal that tha dy of which be is a member would nprat . the Reeonstraction Polio of Congress. - Both his matter and manner deu4nstrated what we have heretofore. Broad, that Judges -ate as courhietely Mittens, as editors • or members of ConPesr, and cause little be trustaa to decade' Impartial/3r where • - questions dividing political Prganisa - Aldus are involved. - On motion of Mr. 13eholield this rePorted tirade has been 'referred to the Judiciary Committee for Invettigition. If the published state-, meat shalt be sustained, that Judge <Wed speedily to be impeached and de .. • ' pant - , 1 .. . ~ Tel Baltimore land Ohio Baliroad tcp c pany, which is the actual owner of - . epe -- nttabrugh an Connelliville Hail. l ,• load, Pan azurplus ernes:two millions of dollars, -II rill tne most disslounii . Ing eirennunahmi lice refused to divest . . itself of this propietortu4l even upon •-•: conditions assuring the tempi's:lon of -' .- '- time connection si speedily as possible .. _ after the settlemen et the legal imp& ' - writ:its: it is, amseqnsuatly, as to- infer,- since. the restoration of the ehirter by the Starers. Cortit,that work '• ''• on the aitifirdshed portion of theline will - . - be reaamed upon the incoming of yang, - - and than the werde Ira he partied to : araapleUrus. at the" wiliest pistil:4lde Board of Trade. A • and destined place, to Ba without of a Ciounter of obi, without a red . - • .Ears la without city aroma* ica io all lauai a • • thaneamas, • Comaaareo U 0343 VOLUME L==.---NO. 5 the Bs— CITY TIME. In the "Life of Sent Slick," it Ls told tow that Taifkee politer, when ke found it impossible by ordinary mew, to in duce a fanner to buy one of Yis Conner, bent eloclu, 'would ask permission to cave it until lais return on Ma "circuit." The device, It appears, seldom failed to secure a ctuteater; for the family which had once &MEC it a ,place on the kitchen mantle, finding it grow a neces sity of life, paid the Mock maker hlsown price, rather than tea the Channeetient treasure depart on the retuning wagon. Our'elty Time" seems to be one of those conrenlencies, which we did not knew was needed, till we tried it, and whose value would only be felt, if we were tweed to the - dome° of Its loss: L year or two ago we used to look in at the watchmaker's occasionally to make sore our time was right (or wrong) within a few. nunutes; but to-morrow, when atingle stroke on the Conn House bell sends the boor to every ,oste, orm citizens will give lir. RZYD 1111 ,uncen scions testimony to their dependence on his accuracy, by the simultaneous com parison of several hundred. time keepers with his, whole verdict every one takes anaL We are thus =astound to refer through the tolegragh to our standard ctock, by which we act our watches. But what is the clock act. by ? The an- ewer to this qaestion clutshotr nothing new to the scientific Testier, bat may oterailsome who would reply "by the 42,- 4 a matter of gnu% and, In fact, the idesthst the am keeps time of en hapesehsble uniformity, seems common enough even among ;maple of good gen end educition, to exams tte for assuring 'my one who BO morrows that If he hare • watch ' , of ordiruiry excellence he may be sure that It keeps more regular time than the dam • It is true enough that we can dedice the timaby com2utation, when we know the tune error, but this method does not give OW most accurate results, and the reader who cares to know the process of finding the time, Conn "which, at second hand, we daily set our watches and reg ulate our appeintments, should endeavor to obtain admittance (not many an easy matter) to 'come of the larger oh. sanatoria of the country, where the original-data are obtained on -which is formed the Nautical Almanac by which the local time is calculated in all the principal citica. We shall find such- observatories, tarnished with me a ns to obtain the time to a small fraction of a second, is or near every large city of the Northern and Kiddie States, except Pittabirgh; and an hour in one will probably give the visitor some n.w Ideas of theremotw ness of the cases which may effect his personal comfort, and of the conditioss of a stroggie carried on by man against the imperfection of his owe senses. Who would sappeae that the practical wants of life would create a demand for an accuracy in the knowledge of the time, which would treat I Biagio *scold of error as lua unpardonably gross mia: take Yet an error of a coiiiderable part of a mile in a vessel's reckoning is in soma cases cstved *each seeped that the chronometer is wrong, end consid ering that th 3 shipping of the awing:fp depends on this little instrument and its companion, the Nautical Aimansc, the .reader may be Ins surprised to hear that to obtain the Magee that resultihg pre dictions dull not he one-tenth of a sec ond in error, is in object Important enough to cause this Governmens to sup port a Lap observatory and a corps of Astronomers at the publio cost. Uwe suppose ourealvei visiting sack eh observatory this evealag, toles how the time is found; we shall pass by Luny other listrnmente to view the "transit," here, a powerful telescope, :minted be tween two tall and very massive piers, each formed oft single block of granite. The instrument is Mall its parts 11 ex ample of the =tree:Lest accaracy which Mechanical skill cm retch. Were one of thcosteol axles on .which it turns, for instance, one ten.theranndth of an inch larger than the Zrther;w perceptible er ror would exist in 'each observation. Now, "one ten.thentsandth of an inch" Is here to be andersimi, not as a figure of speech, but qulta,literallytand accord ingly, we shall be told that these axles have been turned with a die:Send, since the impercsiitible waste of the ficutst ordi nary lathe-tool, would Wee cm with the result. The piers are carefully wrapped in lockets" to prevent sudden change of temperature, and yet under the delicate tests furnished, by the observations thew agree, en found to alter is height from day today, • and to sway forward sad back,'ltry quantities Utterly incuible to our melded genus.. -- • • We shall see little of this, at in ana log visit. The room is dark; there is i probably no einnenatlon, sad certainly no fire, although the temperature is far below tuning, and the observer, who is lying on his back upon a sort of band car- with nothlig between bin and the sky, must have a cold time of it. There is a continuous opening in front and above him, through . which the. January winds enter freely; whatever around Is not stone and brick is brass and iron, said there is, not even the ticking of a clink to break the aileaa. , In a few moments we _hear a series of reps which stem to come from the ob server, who now rolls hilishif and his car tick on is little railway which rune under the Wetmore,' and we may, If we plaza, examine it: Noticiug that it points exactly Smith, so that the star' , will be seen lust u It crosses the mend. len we look In. • • 'We shall 'see nothing but a glare of yellow light, across which stretch Aye vertical wires, the middle one represent• log the meridian, while to theleft glitters the ear, which has lust crossed and which is dickering as though about to go out, and seems retreating toward the Zed with starting rapidity. The reps ware made by the Observer se it crossed the wirer, and leaving him to resume his monotonous labor, we pass to :• distant room, well lighted and warmed; where electrielty is carrying the result of his watehingh Hen ticks, with slow dlstinctutu, the Sidereal cloak, the nitimatis port of the 1 horologist's art. It has little peculiar is its exterior except a dial divided into I twenty folcritodre end a flash of light, which springs from the end of the pea datum at every swing. Nesi by, with lively nicking, a bran cyliadzr tune, by equate merlin hen, once • minute. It Is covered with ' , papa; on which a pen traces an endleu line as the cylinder tarns beneath, while' St evert flash from the pendulum the pen is twitched aside, as If by an invisl. bin hand, sad 10s4nt4 recover! itself, hiving the line tins km** $ maim' each of which correspond to a Lund of the clock. Whall we look, the observer a: other end of the .balidlng her seen a star approaching the wins, and now, though we cannot bar his distant ups on the telegraph key, we eta their edict on the paper before us, on wadi the pen makes: a • mule as the key is attack, _ and then another, sad another, till - five an -re corded- : ' These signal the tons wi t t i lithe star passed the it. wires to the sit, the middle ono marking the ragmen of td passage sums the meridian; and if w e stop the meciumlsoc,..sed ressoui the psper, we shall find recorded there the hour, the minute; the second, 'lull the • . . • El V, 7 1;4 T1; 4 4 - 11 - 1 1 - 0 BUR - - 4 7 - 1 ( 111 411- 1 -4 4 `•,' • '', 1,11 fraction of a second, when tke star crossed. ' • Certain allowances made, the Interval between the atar'a pasasgee from day to day is invariable, and if the clock re cords tdo early a timelbr its transit, the ,clock isslow, always supposing that the telesl:ope is pointed truly. Slier ell the Imultiplication of delicate mechanism, however, it must be plain that if the Wl esicope points in the to the Ess o? West of South, the time recorded will not be that of the star's crossing the true meridian, and consequently will not be nght,, BO that any imperfection la the in strument or adthstruenti will affect the result. The peculiar accuracy attained is 'Ate less to the beautiful mechanism than to the forecast of the astronomer himself. The striking peculiarity of the whole process now comes into view. The astronomer knows that soma error lies In each part of the best instrument, and in Its most careful adjustment,which will vitiate the result, he seeks, if it be 'not allowed for. He will not assume then, for example, that those diamond turned axles are equal; alielufely equal; he knows they are not; bat he will know by how many hundred thowandths of an inch they &der, and calculate by how much that minute difference has diverted his telescope from its true plane.. Thus, that Imperfection Vatich we all agree theetetiully to exist in the moat perfect human work, hero ;wooers as seesitge fact, is hunted down,. and has Its effect allowed for by mathematical 'computations which adapt themselves to every varying forms of error until a Anal result is reached correct to a few hue dreths of a second of time. Wo cannot without difticulty, conceive of any accuracy co great that the sem of ten separate. mistakes should make a total of error, len than the time which elapses between the ticks of a 'clock and each separate error, be a measurable quantity; yet this result Is exceeded. :: not easy to realize, either that such a struggln against the limitation which nature setae to sot our senses, should be called for by the common wants of life; yet it is in, and we might. point cannily very, impoitant results dependent upon it. • 1 To =fine - ourselves to one: it is the CUM of a difference In the market price of every imported article that navigation is Inconthatably safer eir.ce science has given the seaman the means of knowing at ill thrice Ida position on the ocean, and this knowledge is due to such labor ns we have described.. The Nautical Almanac of England and America, cal—. I .'enlisted from these observatories, have leisured the rates of marine insurance throughout the maritime world; and di rectly reduced the cost of every English pile used in our. workshops, and every French silk worn by our ladles; and every pound of spice sold by our grocers. While last, yet scarcely least, without them wo should no longer be able to re ly on.our "City Time." POLITICAL rrEws Hon. W. L. Sharey, E. M. verger and A. H. Handy, lave /been appointed delegstns from Hisaiisiori to the Demo. .eratic National Convention. • —A. Repnblian Sate Convention 'called in Ohio for March 4th, to mood; 'nate State offloers and appoint delegates' to the National Convention. 1: -n. H. Lyttle and N.', C. Wilson, Esql.f have been elected delegates tothe Republican State Genvention, from the Ilantincdon, Juniata and Idiftin repre sentative district, with instructioais to support Gen., Grant for President, Gov. Curtin for Vica President, Gen. Har. instal for Auditor General, and General Campbell for Surveyor General. —Senator Dixon eipresses s fear of the Democrats losing the neat election in Couneeticut. He says that there are a large amount of bonds held by wealthy Democrats all over the State, and that the Democratic party In the West 13 de- . tern:lined to commit the party to pay the bonds to greenbacks, and on that, he says, they will lore all hope in all of the New England States. —We learn from the Philadelphia Led ger that the Pennsylvania Railroad Com pany have conveyed all the hoe of canals from Columbia to Hollidaysburg to the Pennsylvania Canal Conspany. The consideration money expressed in the deed' is $%610,000. One of the objecte of this movement, wounderstand, is the enlargement of the canal by a speciil . company, and one of the good results hoped for is the greater maniere certain facilities for the - accommodation of the heavy tonnage from the various coal ragtime that now find outlet by way of the'Pennsylvania Railroad. —The Waahington correspondent of the Philadelphia inguirer says that 'Conservative Senator who recently cell ed upon President Johnson toned him In siery peaceable disposition, with not the slightest indications of any warlike tendencies, except upon General Grant, whom be charged with 'considerable warmth as haring sold out to the Radi als. He says be has concluded to allow Stanton to eerie out the rest of the term, but he is determined ho shall hive no more power or duty than is conferred tiros Idin by statute. He says he would like to put some one elm in the . War Department, but he has teen assured that were he to send en angel into tiro Senate for con4rMaticno • they would quickly throw the name back marked "rejected," and No ho does not wish to give them any more chances to offer him an Insult: IT to utonishlng what ludden cowrie: Ron and. repentance has been wroucht I in the minds of members of the Legisia• tuna 14. the decialon of the Supreme Court in the case of the Connellsville Railroad I By a unanimous vote both Rouses have Consented to do a plain act of justice which it li probable neither would have done at all, if their refusal would have • hindered the, consumma tion. Since the doing of wrong in this special thing can no longer be made profitable, many members are stirred with' an irresistible impulse towards honesty! Iv am been maintained by certain in dividuals on the eeotern tide of the State that the restorallon of the Con nellaville charter, and the consequent construction of a direct line of railroad between P.t.teburgh and Baltimore, would' damage . Philadelphia and the Petu3sylvaula Railroad. The stock market at Philadelphia, which ought to be lamas a safe criterion in the case, tells a different story. The dares of the Penneylyenis Railroad Company have decidedly advanced fa price aiaco the decision of the Supreme 093tri, —Mount Veamidua, fangs n special dated Naples, Jan.:Vtb,) which bas continued In 'eruption with greater or leas hatenalty linos Its *animal:ice in Um pastgear. boa culminated in an unusual and relgTatal patutrophla On the Zath the side &bleu)* Veefi,ll.l2 371:1 , : , right sproitetp gain or 'Castello Oeoults. one tutitiottioitS of jvaplla, BMW led between the Raj.`! Nat*, NA'. On sea, fell, tumbling outward, `deta..:::::r, portions of several hones; built In the. vicinity, and overwhelming carrhictk and other conveyances Dossing on the highway et the moment. The scene in melancholy and fall of ruin. The road' running in the neighborhood of tho vol cano is Plied with rocks and earth, which had Just famed • part of the mountain. This eithrooniltutry event has also been attended with conaidemble loss of Ilk), Put the number killed has not been asorrtalnett. -10 is slated the Congressional Ways and Wane Committee loss decided not to reduce the tax on whisky. POWEES OF THE ITEM r; LOUIVF. Speech cf Hon. Thomas Williams, =I lathe Boogie of nary 15.•1148, on ins BM Declaring went nnnill Venninnate s quorum or 21: rsTatt:trr i g eV° to " • Mr. Wthmawis, of Pennsylvania. The oblect of the amendment reported by the committee' to the Senate bill is to pre serve this Government in its original Spirit, and protect its people In the en joyment of the rights intended to be se cured to them by its fundamental law, by protecting that law as well egelnet the encroachments of the States an front the ambition or infirmities of Its accred ited expounders; acting through the more insldions and alarming process of judicial construction, which is BO often but another name for judicial legislation. The purpose of the 'Amendment just offered by me, which is no other than a copy of the bill that, under a feeling of profound alarm for the tran4Fllity of the nation and the preservation of the jest balances of the Constitution, was intro. duced by me into the last Congress, and again renewed and referred upon.the in auguration of the present one, is to make that protection sure by exacileg , the highest security that the authority of Congress can demand and the nature of s i i, the cire.mitances will admit. To this end It provides that no lesc than a full bench shall Sit In jud ent upon the will of ;the people as declared through their Representatives, and that nothing short of the consentan cone agree meet of the favored. fetv, holding their places by appointment. of the Exceuti ye, shall nullify that will, by breaking the scepter of the law-giver, and striking his ordinances dead at his feet. . The amendment of the committee, while it accepts anti incorporates the prineiple enunciated in my bill; and so tar challenges my approval, reduces the scemitrprovided for by it by/ compro mising one two.thirdvote, which, un der the present constitution of the. du prase Court. would add one Voice only to the number now required id undo the work of Congress, end give, Perhaps, a new law to the people; and in uos, I think, falls short of the necessities of the caeo and, the high requirements of public duty.. The difference, then, is only one of measure or degree—s mere question of more or less—between the highest possi ble security and an inferior or lower one. And here, I think, it may be affirmed with confidence that the legislator, hold ing, as Do does, a public trust, „and not (haling noon his own account or for his own private interests alone, has no ob. &Ants diecretion, no choice, indeed, bat to take the higher and superior. di-g -emming the need of a guarantee for the public safety, ho cannot, in my judg scent, demand too much; his only ques tion is what is within the range of the possiblek When the gnat interests— perhaps the life—of a nation are in volved, I take it to be Dia clear duty to mate no security, but to M=:t===! Awl tato a bond carat." The point once admitted, as it is here, that we may require any more than a matority. the whole question is serren• tiered. If we may exact two-thirds It is transparent that wq may exact the whole. And who shall say, if we may do th!s, that the lowest security which the coun try shall espy shall be less than the onanimity of the jury box t If that Is practicable, why not insist op:ft it ? To these questions there can be no an swer except that it is unreasonable, or inexpedient and unnecessary - . But is this so? Let ns examine. t it is not certainly unreasonable to in sist that if the judgments ofinerheps two ntrudrcd representative wee, of the elite st ti e nation, drawn mainly from the legal profession, and embodying a large nertion of its wisdom and experience, are to be overruled by a little conclave of some seven or eight not chosen by the - I ,oule at all, arid no wiser or better th,n themselves, the oracle whose nod tl aimed to be Null to the stamp of fate i shall give out no discordant utterenus. The wisdom of that common law which was claimed by our - ancestors es their birth-right has ordained that the life, and liberty, and property, even of the I tumblest citizen, shall not be taken ; n way without the rumnimous verdict of /I jury of his peers. Who shall, say that the life of a gnat State, the liberties of a great people, am not entitled so the same erotection, and that ,four or flee men out of a body so constituted—nay, even a bate majority of those foto' or flve—shall do. tennine in the last resort, and without& any appeal whateyer, the extept of its! own charter of freedom, in defiance of the sense of the millions who, under all ; 'the forms of the Constitution, have de clued their sovereign will? I did not regard it as unlikely that the preposition, which I bad the honor to introduce nearly • year ago, would startle the profession at first sight as an alarming innovation, and I am not sure I that this expectation has been entirely I 41sappoleted. . It could scarcely in the eatura of things be otherwise. Lawyers, l who ran In grooves, and are 'educated into a superstitious reverence for preen ! dents, and so often—l may say so pro. I verbially—fall as statesmen, because I I they lack' the bold, original; and Pro -1 emotive spirit of a Mansfield, ate always averse to untried ways, • and always ready to denounce the idea of reform or I change, whenever it goes to matter .of substance and beyond any mere qua. lion of form, asspernicious novelty. ! Man of this sort will fay, perhaps, that there is no case where unanimity of sen timent has ever been demanded at the hands of any tribunal ona question as to the meaning or affect of a covenant or a law, and taking their position there, I maintain that the thing is improper on- I ly because tnere is no precedent to war- I rant ' . And yet if the law, as claimed by Its I 1 ! professors, is only reason and the eery perfection of it, and if what is not reason I ! is not law, it will be found, on the spell. cation of this test, that there is nothing I in the requirement of unanimity to con- , filet with that idea. Whatever weight I considerations of mere convenience may I be entitled to in ordinary cases upon questions of merely private right be. ; tween man and, man, it cannot certain- ; ly be affirmed that there is anything un reasonable ia.the proposition that uuan- I utility of opinion shall be required where' the tribunal is a amair.one, and It Is sought to overthrow the judgment of the millions, speaking through another and greater organ, on smatter that concerns the well-being of the whole, sad Perhaps the very existence of the State. The lawyer who cherishes the old and favo rite hypothesis, that what We every day realize to be the most uncertain of all things is always absolutely certain can not very consistently complain that tho meager priesthood, which • ministers at the shrine of an oracle that claims to be infallible, should be expected to give out no divided responses, and scatter no anibigutus voices among the worship. psis but, on th e contrary, en all vital ro sties's. at least, should blend all its givings into one sublime chorus of I universal harmony. In matters of faith, I where the infallibility is the rule, such co nsentaneity indtsperisable. If the I successors of the fisherman, along with the triple crown had worn a triple head, the prestige of Infallibility must soon have disappeared. With seven or eight heads - the faith' must necessarily have perished under any other rule then that which ill proposed to be enacted here. 'lt is only necessary to remind the lawyer himself that there , is an analogy to this in that time honored institution, the trial by jury, which, although gen erally referred to the great charter of English liberty, antedates the records of our race, and Is imbedded In all our con. i stitutions as the palladium of 141 our rights—the ono great pre-eminent de fense of private and. public liberty. It was not enough that the person and property of the citizen should be walled round by the protection of his poorer Even that security was treated u inade. guide without the unanimity that con. dlittltes ass ityeellence. It was, sUll pos sible that seven *en out Of twelve might bo warped by prepultoe, misled by igno rance, imposed on bicunning, corrupted by money,. or eeduced or overawed by Owes. The info and liboity and PtoPor -. . ty of the cid= were net to be trusted to the keeping of the majority, or taken away except by the unanimous all hisindgea, passin? ip criminal CM/ wet upon the fair as upon the facto. as is the glory of England, as it Is the jout of Americo, that not one of the great natural rights, whose protection is 'the only legitimate Object of all govern ment, shall be 'disturbed, even In the smallest particular without the cunt. mous judgment of j larger bench than that which claims toby a divided vote, upon the fundamental pass, ntal law of a gra. t nation, and in effect to MIMI), that law, or to make it ssppeeak in accordance with Its own imperUl Wheats: Who, I then, shill say that there is In this amendment anything'unreasonable or "unprecedented, or any lapin* from PITTSBURGH - . WEDNESDAY. FEBRUARY 1868. the analogies of our Constitution; or that a nation may not borrow to lie extremi• ty, for the preservation of Its life, the securities it has already thrown around the humblest individual and the lowliest home? ,• If there is anything that leitranscen dently and intiefens.bly unreasonable, it is in th 3 boa that it should be compe tent for even any seven or eight men, however exalted, and with like passions and infirmities as ourselves, either to legislate away by constructitim thetreal, charter •of our liberties, or to act aside decrees of the high councilor the nation, embodying, as it always does,' a large share of the intelligence and all of the malesty of a great people, and in effect to land everybody but itself. • That is an anomaly necessitated, perhaps,Lby the fact of a written Constitution, bar still an anomaly that may well startle us, in view of the _possibilities that, are so strongly suggested by the present-Condi thou of the notion, 'wherein its 'highest Judicial tribunal ie invoked and depend.; ed eport, int a powerful, nay, a reeistless auxiliary In the war waged by the Exe cutive against the power that is intrusted under the Conethution with the making of its laws. There was a time when it was serious'y doubled 'whether there was any authority lu the Staten or the Uni ted States that could declare an act of the ;antmaking power to be invalid be- Patna it conflicted with the conatitutions of either. That question has been set tled affirmatively on grounds that may be, pernsps ' conceded t 3 be unanswera ble, and which I will not, at all events,. attempt to controvert- It was apparent ly the. logical end necessary result of an antagonism between a stiperlot law and au !Meier only which could hot be re conciled without the surrender of ono or other of them. Mho fundamental, and of course the higher law was not to pre vail la such a swift, the Constitution be came vaineless as a limitation, which it was intended to be. It was not without reeSOD, however, as we 'have occasion from very recent esperienoe to know, that the jealous and watchful and saga- Sous Jefferson referred, again and again to the power claimed for that tribunal, as involving the establishment of a judicial oligarchy in the land. We look in vain to the country from which our Institutions are derived for any example or each a power as this over Ps constitution and laws. The royal negative, It IA tree, may suspend the an lien of the legislative body, although in Point of fact that prerogative tau slept for near two hundred years, but it set tles nothing in regard to the powers of that arm of the Government, end only stays its operation natal the might of public opinion cornea back to bend inn royalty itself before it. No Wahl court, even the most ancient end vener able, walk stilts historic prestige and all Its array of learning, hue ever ventured to set limitp to the authority of the law giver. The appeal is not there freed Parliament to the comae, but practicelly from the courte Ithetsaselves to Parlia ment, as the highest of them all. And well and faithfully , has that great depot story of the unwritten lowa and customs - of England; which constitute the tele guard of the liberties of Its people, ob served and performed that responsible and exalted trust: In the custody of the courts they would have sickened and 6ied under the withering influence of - royal favor. The history of that nation proves kburelantle that M all the strop glee between prerogative and privilege she supplest Instrument' of tyranny have been the judges.. But to the honor of the "Legislature' be .. it said, tint no decision has ever been made by them which violated the t ' instincts of the Saxon race, by breaking down its landmarks, or traversing its greet maxims of liberty, by Impinging upon the natural . rights of the subject, that has not been eventually reversed by the Commons - of England Id Parliament assembled. And thee, without a write tea Canatitinfore with no guides. but ilo:se - high instincts, Mose hoary and venerable customs, and those hallowed traditions of 140 past; which, handed dawn, as. they heed been, from sire to roe, from prehistoric ttmee, nuke up the b4dy of t hee common or customary law, I the liberties of Englishmen; so wisely I reserved for their own keeping, have I ; haen perpetuated fromgeneration toren• i eratlee, not only unimpaired bat en. I :arced, Improved, developed, ' end I I strengthened by the flow of centuries. I they have not learned, the royal lesson ' of the last Presidential campaign, which 1 is still rehearsed and niterated even here, that the danger of tyranny is from the ninny, or, in other wortle,lrom them- 1 ECITCS, and that they reqatred the vetoes ot a king, or the supervisory power of a Court, to instruct them as to their rights, and protect - them from themselves. fliers have been none among their rep- I resentatiees so deficient In self-respect as . f to abase themselves in the presence of 1 any court; none so . unappreciative of / their own high trusts, or so forgetful of 1 their ofileial dignity, asto Insist, or even. concedr, that there was more wisdom and' Icaraingj and virtue concentratal in any l.aady of seven, or, eight, or even twelve men , in Weettninster'Eall, select ! ett by the Crown, than was to ber found I in the multitude of counselors that rep- I raeent the people of a great empire. The ! Parliament or England is the guardian of the liberties of England,. and =not ! betray those liberties without efirrender i log Its ORM And so, too, with onr.Con- I slitutlon and all of value It con stns. When it ceases to be safe in the bands of all the people, who bait a common in heritance ba its provisions, it le Idle to t hope that it can be locked up securely t coder the custody or any seven or eight men outside, as so many- doctors of the Sanhedrim, with 'the high nrerogetive of reading and interpreting •It to the people, as the imperfect judgment or the mere caprice pf a majority of them may determine. TM, atatesman., who holds that we menet safely trust oureelves,and that our only security Is in such :. gum , deinehip, surrenders the Idea 'of self. government as a visionary 'sad itoprite tit:able thing, and confesses that a pad. cal State cannot exist without a master.. That is an ancient superstition. 'Wise men of old and some of. modern. times h,ve entertained' it. 'The ;world has generally been governed , "under it, often bps hierarchy. It was supposed far a long time Urbino been exploded here. It is now revived tinder the in spices of the Demeens le party--once so hostile to this rer,ime—in the Idea that a sort of hieratic college—a priesthood of a new rellgion...-a little oligarchy of law. yere--is the only depollitory of the ;supreme power of the State. The dif- I femme is only between an detarchy and I a - monarchy—between eight sacerdotal masters-11 sort of conclave. of superan nuated c,rdlnale—in wigs. and gowns, and a single royalono in purple. ,Wlth. out disparagement to eitherof these high professions, and certainly with none to that to which nearly forty 'years of my own Ills have been devoted, and which is now 'ought by some to be dethroned at this. Capitol as the absolitte master of the State, I must be excused for think ing that, however flattering may be the offer of the crown to us, many people Would, perhaps, prefer the purple with all its attendant *lenders,: to t.tui cable regalia of; either the priest Dr the peda gogue. I. . r• it it has been found, however,that the liberties of iingllatunea could not be safely trusted to their courts, hoW much lees likely is It that ours, as a people, can be confided seftnty to this acme hands here. it easy be Bally said of the jetliciaiy of the mother-land, that linen the era of the groat Revolution, for a period now of near two hundred years, there hive "been no telly:Ws among .men that have been dance exempt from the frailties of humanity. and 'hue more nearly approximated to the idea of nn eg.wisdom and perfect justice; and i Isto the feet the% the higheet goon of the profession are only, accessible to the highest excellence, that there are no loltier rewards to icmpt ambition; even the most restless" and Insatiable, and that there is a homogeneity among its people which frees it from,the adultera tion of foreign and inferior ethnic ele ments, that it is indebted for these ex.- alted qealittes, • No faverttiam lutes In the selection of its judges. The leader in the forum stops by an admitted Fright of succession into the fleet Tammy on the b l ench. . It Isscarisely withle the power of the Cretwii , ffselr to disregard ibis rale In Its . appOurtinerda. TB Peas by the trained athletes, and .alngloroat even the greatest of the- parliamentary leaders fgr tech a Piece, would shock the moral sense of the whole -realm. Not ... entoetnnately, with eel I There le, perhaps, scarce a P.onirese• map or •Csbinet calker, who hes been long enough in public life, to unlearn all of leer that he ever knew; whose mod esty wood prevent hint from seeking or accepting the mantic, that be. fal'en from the shoulders of a Marshrill or a Story. It is not to the lenders of timber in this country that the tonorsof Besprofession are eentrilid, as their untilepttted.rlitht; and thly Oa f perhaps, its sought by them, for the Inman OS Ulf nswirdi are dot commensurate with the earnings of they higher claim of professional men. And therefore 11 Is t h at the :bar is in most cases superior to the bench, le it cannot be where the - cisme prevalent selecting. the judges from the ablest of I Its members; ana therefore Rio too, that 1 the spectacle of a divided court is, of late years especially, se contemn a thing, f y is rho exception rather, than tho rale and lawyers themselvea are startled at t he idea of prescribing. a condition that to them seems impoulble. I take leave to say that It ;a no more im possible Man the harmonious agreement of ojary. Itha questions of facts alone that are the Tat fruitful sources of dlr.: Terenceferen anion men.. In matters of pure science, as the law is sometimes claimed to be, there th no great room for contrci tersy. High culture and thorough dis cipline will go far to secure accordance in °pardon. , The best hiwyers will be eel.. dom found to differ where they're agreed upon . the facts. It' is only the pre tenders,the more Wolin', that convert what ought to be the temple of concord, into an arena of perpetual strife, on the bench as well us at the bar. .In the long 'term of thirty-two years, during which Lord Hanideld presided over the Court of King's Bench, there were, if my recollection serves me right, but two cues of division among the judges of that court=-one the case of Heiler as. Taylor; upon tie great question of liter racy property, and the other that of Per rin es. Blake, upon the application of the rule in Shelley's case—and no reversals In the ;Exchequer Chainter or in the House of Lenin,' except in those two cases, wherein the dissenting judge was Yates, who was decided to be right lo both. Another Tates I might soya the Constitution , hem against oven - the err rors of another Heasteld by the &don, tion oftthe proposed amendment.. - And what la there, in view - of this striking chapter:pf judicial history, which is on ly einglbdi oat by way of illustration of the general harmony 1 that prevails in England. to prevent the achievement of the saute result with liquid who is there that will consent, until it is accomplishadt to trait the welfare and the very - asld.4 cam of We nation to ouch an arbhrar meat? • ----- I - ; But it is not the want of professional training only that makes the difficulty and thedanger here. The judge, with us, isnot so much a lawyer as a poll-I, Rebus. The chances are that his poliH. tics, and not his knowledge of the law,' have made him what he I ; and Displace ha has sought and won is, perhaps, but tho stepping-stone to 1 a higher one-H whict a be covets more—whenever he shall vs recommended. himself anflici2, Maly y his conduct there, either to th e President or to the pony to which he owes; his staltation. • Without any of the etindtdu mill, the devotion to his; proper Calling, the high professional pride.that always results from high pro-, Dulothal training, he sink* the lawyer to the ,politiclan, and !carries into the temple of Themis, where no divided worship Inadmissible, ;all the prejudice of pettyind all the spirit of the local and semi net dem:agorae. It is idle to talk. of our courts of justice as merely judicial inatitutiona. !Disclaiming ost tensibly all jurisdiction over political questions, they are as thoroughly poltti ad in their texture and, spirit u the two , I Hems of Oceignes themselves, over whose atmosphere or inlets and storms , , they are ,opposed to lint, like Intern bodied spirits; In the Icelestial light of an unclouded and stabiased reason. Torn-to the history of our .jurispnid enCo, Bute and national, and what do you see but the I reflection of the 1 potations of the party which happens for - thatime heirg to have tha ascendant In the. courts? Fortunately, perhaps, for . the welfare this nation, before it vas , ;well hardened into the consistency of an organized Bute, the plastic hand of the `party that favored the covenant of Union sea invoked to put its impress on the , work and launch it on Its high career. If the old Federalists, however, carried I- to the bench one set of - repletion"; the old Ttopublican brought with him another. With the growth - of slavery the State rights Democrat, drawing his inspiration mainly from that unhallowed inautntion, 1 . I took possession of the State and Federal 1 courts, stealing away, raven in the frier Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the chartered rightd of the ; black man, under the miserable joggle that the word "free. Iman",did not Mean a thee Men, but la 1 white men, and maintaining Its power here aird ire the States I es !until that power , culmineted and carried the country ! 1 down-into rebellion and main, in the' 1 monsoons paradox that slavery and not freedom was the law Cl this Republic. Arid,,that lour millions I of its native in habitants were but aliens and ontlasik. with no rights that a white man was , bored to respect. 1 - 1, When the echo of these opinionstarate ' back in'ihe roll of the i war arum, and ' the threaders of artillery that 'hook this Capitol, the Supreme Court of the Uni ted Stater, startled, as It no doubt was, by the ! unexpected result' of its own work; with one defection only, main tained its faith to the Union by adhering to the Government, affirming its powers of self conservation, and recognising the belligerent reticles, created by the war. It could not well hue been otherwise. Its dignity, its power, In mir7 Is tens, were involved In the preserved n of that Union, whose Integrity wee me naced by the retolt. Hot so, howeter„. with ;the party judges of the Stales. While it was no longer safe to question , ,the power to coerce, wherever a demo cratic judge was found, he was almost cure to cast his vote into the southein scale by *denial of the means, while the 1. Republican judges of" the loyal States 'erecter ready to en - orce the legislation of the governments, both Federal aid !Bate, in aid of the war. Thu in Penn- ' intrude, when It was proposed to - arm i the soldier with suffrage in the field; in 1 order to enable him to votact himself from "a Are in the rear , the cot:onto. tionallty of the law ;enacted for that purpose leas denied 1 by a democratic I court. If the right of, he Genera/GeV- I ernment to compel the military service i of its citizens In its darkest hour was 1 ' 'sustained even upon the, anomalous and - 1 , extraordinary proceeding of a bill In , equity to enjoin the draft, hurried to en [ argument against all rule before a hill bench, in midsummer 'and out of term, 1 while the rebel made" wen thundering at oar very gates, and pressing in ler lied columns upon the Masi raid of Get- , tystarg, t by the Supreme Court of the game State, it was only through a popu lar election • which deposed one Demo cratiajudgo, and the defection of another who preferred his country to his party. If :the legal tender act, which provided ' hi the nation's extremity the rtherre of war, cod fed and clothed the galisat volunteers who so - freely offered their young line to the saved cause of liberty, was .saved from judicial condemnation In the Mee way. And now it may he added, since the danger has simaraditlY passed away, and the 1 judges of the Su preme Court of the United States, lately united and cemented together node: a feellogof common danger, have come to feel that the Federal 'judiciary is saved Along with the Cajon on which it de pends, they are Druid to divide stain according to their original political cow nections and proclivities, upon the valid ity of.the test-oath, [ the military corn. mission; and perhaps- Others of the important measures of self.przterration and defense that contributed so largely t o carry us successfully through the war, while It ill - nOt to bo denied, that if the authority - of Comma is not ebsolntely menaced at this very moment from the same direction, this body at least, lf not the whole country, le affected w thy. the deepest alarm by rumors of kcomttne• tier' between the Executive and 1 the courts Tor the overthrow of the testae tire power. .• I .- - Alknr ma , to remark, however,• the m what I have just aid in relation to the decisions ot - the curia -I have ; not Intended to inquire who of the judges involved - were right and who were wrong, because It is not necessary to tha argument, and gentleman on the. other side, to whom it Is equally addressed, might differ with me as to that. :The object I have in view just harp is only to make good rho allegation that the decis ions ;Of the courts, on. constitutional questions especially, , are almost inner bly governed by the party affiliations of the members, and therefore not so Much the , judgments of , lawyers as of Ohliti. cisme. If the fact be go. it is, of Ounnini. and must forever ble Be e rthe tnaltationa ot party Lod wlth the changing WM doieope of polithat, crntirely fatal to the Wee tor , uniformity of . de: Melon, and nothing is ever to tie settled, as Earthing aPParently has been settled incentioiert- Ibly heretofore. Assuming It to be true, moreover, there is an end of all argu ment' in support pf the judgment of a riividid taut, If there ie not an end - of all apology for 404 0 eyeu its total. moue decisions on questions of ormalltu. timid law as conclusive upon Congress and the people when they are not even 1 conclusive upon themselves. i It was a grave error,therefore,l is I honestly think, on the art of the Murk ers of the Republic; when they departed frond the example of our. British ancei , tors in airing plans to ash se anomaly, instead regorimit thd liltimad lads-, 1 meiit. In all such payee to their ounottsp. respetitives, or at leastrartingthser control °Teethe judiciar y , thamettod ofsddress by two.tblrds of both Houses, WWI w as provided - In the statute of 9 William ILL, and hasliven copied by j some of the State Constitution; of relying only on the inadequate rem edy of Impeachment, which corrects no error, however vital, and leaves the der faulting Judge to shelter himself. under the plea that he erred 'from Ignorance only, or without corrupt intent. .To meet this dUllculty, however, I have had the honor to submit it constitutional amendment to • the same, effect, In order to maintain the just authority of the law. making power, by bringing the Federal judiciary within the .reasonabla control of Congress, with mch qualifications as will guard It sufficiently against abuse, which I propose to bring to the notice of the House at tame more favorable op. portunity. • • . lune:dug, however, that the power of review is properly lodged with the Su preme Court, the question Is whether the limitation proposed would be a proper one, That it is so is, I think, demonstrable from wall settled princi ples, and as a logical result of the decis ions-of the court Itself. . • - It Is admitted on all hands that gnu- Wm* of this sort are of ; great delicacy and ought' not to be even heard, except itt the presence of a full bench. This is the rule In 'Penesylvenie, and perhaps everywhere else, and the,practice of tho Supreme Court of the United States is ahown by the_Reporta to be In strict ac cordance with IL (6 Wheaton.) There can be no possible objection, therefor; to so much of the bill as merely Imparts the unction of law to what Is already re ! cognized u a rule ;tithe Court. - Hut the rulings of thei' courts do not stop short with the concession. of the principle, that cues of this nature ought not to be heard exceptilrefore •11 - full bench. It. is still further admitted, as well by the Supreme Court of the United States of by the judicial tribunals of all the 'States,' so far as I 'am acquainted with them, that ife set of the law making power ought to be declared invaild on the grounder candid with the Conett, talon, except in a.very clear case. (Fletcher es. Peck,.6 Cranch, 128; Reap. vs. Duque% 2 Yates, 492; Eakin vs. Robb, 19 B. & It) In the Mat named cue Judge Marshall says, in delivering the opinion of the court: • I "The QUIN. ill= whether a law be voldlor Its repuenaney to the Constitution is at. ell times • QUIMIT.IOII of much delicacy, which ought seldom. If ever, to be decided In the adinnstive toe doubtful ease. it la 0 , too slight Implication or amine coefecture that the Logistatore Is to be presumed to have truer/ended Its powers and Its acts to be eansidezed void. The opposition between the tenstltisUon and the law should be loch that the Judge feels a clear and strong con. 110tIon of their incompaubuity with each other.. And_ this . % reason. When we look to the fact that' every law enacted, by the -Congress of the United Mates must peas the ordeal of a bench - of, judges In the Judiciary Committee of each House: . un dergo public discussion and s.cruday on the floors of both; ho affirmed by the votes of at least one hundred and twenty men, comprising among t I hem a large number of lawyers' of great experience and ability,ned many of them at least the peers of the judges of the Supreme Court themselves, and then either ap proved by the President; or reviewed and affirmed upon objections made by a two-third vote, it would have been cur pricing, indeed, if the court could have held any other language fa regard to it... When they say, however ,!that the case must be a clear one, they affirm by an inimitable logic the principle of my amendment. lio cane can be said to be 1 a clear one where ergo one out of .eight judges dissents, as no decision is remirded as an Unimpeachable au thority, even in an ordinary- cue, where there has been- a division on the tench; and mane a fortiori ought to be considered la a case of that sort as of any weight or value 'whatever. It may be that the dissenUngjudge is, as in the cue of Tates, tho ablest lawyer of the number, and therefore it is no Consent thing to find, es In that - of thistle in the Deed Scott we, that the 'dissenting I opinionie the more thoroughly coned , erect and satisfactory of the two. It is notntere brute numbers that ought to prevail In the forum of. reason, or In otter words, of law, which la supposed, to be the perfection of It.. The vulgar idea of a majority . ic numbers, which Is I only properly adtrassible on grounds of concerdance If not necessary, became in , the case of conflicting wills it to impos ethic that both can prevail: - (1 Tucker's I Black Commentaries, ArMendir 188- 1 In; 9 Dan Abridgt 87-431 Story's Com. mentaries, section 330) has no proper place in the comparison' of opinions. I which are not to be bested, as Tecitna,-I 1 thhekompresses it In regard to the great imamate of the Germanic tribes, by numerallon,lint by weight. It follow', "however', front the them' of the court itself, that the law, . which Is -but the voice or the people apemideg through their Representatives, is entitled to tee benefit of every doubt, and ought not to be pronounctd unconstitutional where there Is any dissent whatever; and so they must decide if they would be con sistent with themselves. The effect of this amendment therefore Is only to hold them to the logical consequences of a doctrine which -hat been,..4ll4inctly, emphatically, and repeatedly coneelated by themselvea • We are so' much accustomed In this country to the idea of a majority, u the fandamental one on which all republican government mut practically- rest, that we are apt to suppose Wilt bat its own foundation in tho very nature of,things, and that every departure from it mutt do violence to the letter of oar institutions. Allow me to say that this is it great mili tate. The idea Is exclusitely a' social and political one.' There Is no' such thing in nature aa the right.of superior numbers to govern the inferior. Mr. Barka, whose richly. furnished, com prehensive: and philosophic mind was brought by the' leading events of his time to the exploration and analysis of. the groat principles that Be at the fccanda. don of all gocernment, helds this lan guage in his "appeal from the new team old Whigs:" We are so little unclad bytalogs which are habitual that we oonnder this Idea of • majority esti it were • law of oar original nature' but mutt oOnstructive whole. maid lag In • part only, Is sae of ttiellialit violent lulus of positive taw that hes .ever been or can - be made on the principles of arthi olal buntrporall . 93._ "Lot' meter, ea. tore knoiri . itothlig gilt. nuaremen, even when arrariged' areordbur to Weil order, otherwhiethattairery longtralislng, brought at all to inbuilt to it • • • "Thls merle of decision' where wills may be so Pearly equal, where amending to cir cumstance* tne smaller number may be the 'strewn force, and where apparent• reason rosy be all goons aide, and pa the-other little lees than impetuous &wade; all this mettles the mutt of • wary special maven thaa,' sonfirmell afterward by .long habits nrobedleace, by a sort of andeline In sod. etY. *ad by a *Weep limad . _veeted with eta i, pardwaient power to enrolee Ibis sort ul o7eonstructive general 'WU What or , ash It la that &hall , declare .the corporate mind No much a matter ofpoeltlve arrange meat that sayers.' state.. forthe validity of *eyelid of thole wets, have required • pro portion of voting moth greater than that of majority Theee PrOPWtione on so entirety governed by coulnatlon that in acme cues the adnordy deoldea. The laws, to many countries. to condemn. re done more than a mare majority; less than I an atoms member to aeon It. I n our judicial P trials we require weirdo:Lily either to oun. damn or absolve. Insoms inoorpstiorts one man speaks for the whole' In others a few. Until Moonier oar, to the constatutiou of Poland unanimity was required to Otte validity to any act of their groat national camel Or. diet. This. amen:hes mush mote nearly to rode nature than the =Mi ndless Of any Other country. grab, in deed. every ocretteenwsalth most be with out a positive is. to renews Lae in a certain number the will of the entire body:. . NOW, a refetenve to the structure of our own political . machine will show, that while the.majority principle, which is but the common law, is generally recognized in public 'gaits as the gov erning one, It is not by , any means the UnlYergill rule of our Oonettortion. and that the framers of our Government have deviated from it largely by way °fetlock or limitation upon the possible and probable abuse of such a power. I have already referred to the trial by jury, I Where unanimity, which is of It. very egalliCe. Is the' rule. The that by 102- posehmant, where twoghlrds • are re quired to convict, is another cue where the majority i Idea , is departed from. Again.in theenectaiMit of our laws, the power of the majoritt in either /louse la controlled by the dissent of the * other, while both are bridled by the one-mu Power melding lathe President, and a twoghlrd vote of truly although com prising of themselves, by the veryltertes of the Oeutltution, the entire legislative power, Is required to enable ,them to act eßectively t h e that it may be truly that the rola of legislation is a two third vote. The like majorities' are re. gaited for the alteration the hindamental law itself, along with the consent of at least three-fourths of all the. States. In all these cues the majority- mks is not permitted to apply. and that for the milli: o 4PM COMM that the great vital Into! CM of tile. State and wople der. mend a higher mosorme of security. Bo little regard, indeed, is had for this cabalistic number, which is supposed to be so full of preternatural virtue, that a departure may be witnemorl even in the opposite direction,. Is. . Tale . whiCh Preisileitesugly all the .8' tams In the choice. orPrealdents and Oongreuraltirt, at Federal as Well se fitrito elections, 1411 a -gaup plurality, !bleb Is only another name-Dm aminority, may elect to the most. Iniportant' alma, ' If the majority principle Is the :alai* the Ciettrta, and , cenerelly 'at the ballot ESTABLISHED IN 1786. „ box, it rests only on the mime sroundsol e. o .o m n . v eec.ied the role lo p ? el r u a r t a e l d i ty an . i r t ec i o j a necessity - that. wherever there is a di. I veiny of opiniort the larger number shall prevail if there is te lie anydecision at all: and therefore it is, that by the rule of the common law, ! which is the growth of a notion that never recognized the rule of u majority in affairs of State, a power delegated to three or more per sons for a public purpose. is exercisable by a majority of the persona named, while a merely private authority cannot be exec:iced - by any number less than the whole. (6 Johnsun's Report, 88.) The consequence in the., latter' ae is, that It moat fail altogether in , the event of a difference of opinion, which in affairs of mete would be entirely I inadmissible, wherever any positive act Is to be done. In the ordinary come of judicial pro seeding. it may be admitted thatthe rule of unanimity would be, if not absolutely impracticable, as I think it is, a source hr endiesi and infinite embarrassment, and result unquestionably in the great delay, if not the absolute denial, of jus tice. la the case, however, ofd question as to the constitutionality! of an act of Congress there is no such exigency. The requirement of unanimity Will only give to the law-making rxiwer, the benefit of the favorable presumption! to which no , lawyer will dispute that) It Is entitled; and fortify that presumption with the advantage of any doubt, by treating Its own decisions as the rule that Is to gee. ern the courts until, at least, they shall have been :reversed by the 'malted and =marks voices of the . Wholeof judicatory which claims t.ci hold dele• I gated power to sit in judginent upon its authority. There will Deno such Incas.- vemence as a failure to decide. When' the judges differ they have already decided that the law is constitutional, by falling to agree that it is otherwise, end 'the law of Congress willi prevail, as It ought to do, whenever they cannot be brought to agree that it is:wrong.. . flaying thus shown, as I' think, the entire re , .a. sonableness and propriety of the change proposed, the! next and last question in as to our power to effect IL And here, I think, there is no doubter difficulty. Is the drat place, then, the constitution Proyales that:— .1130 Indfetal power shall be vested In one Supremo Court and such Inferior eosins Si the Congress may from time to time ordaln and estabLtsh.o I There is nothing here, however; as to the number of Judges whei shalleumpose lit nothing as, to the nuMber who shall ,be competent to pass upon such ques tions as shell come before IL 'lt is un questionable that Congrealmay fix the number of the court at its own discre tion, and ,it has always Mine so. It is equally clear that It may determine how. many of them shall be required to con— stitute a court for busnuess purposes, and this it has also done by declaring how many shall be necessary to make a quo. rum. . - As the law now stands, it requires more than - two-thirds of jthat tribunal, as at present organited, for this purpose. The consUtutionality of that law-inut never been doubted by anybody. - If it was valid when enacted, It Is certainly not, made otherwise by the reduction that hoe since taken niece in the number of the Judges. If • it is D i still the law, then", by a further reduction of the bur, the now existing quorum might become the whole and upon this argu ment the constitutionality of so much of the amendment at lesst 'as requires a hearing before a full beide is idly dent— onstratei. • I And now, to th e second place, as tit . ac . the pow r of Congress to requnre the concurria combos of ;the whole of what it may choose to declare a quorum, upon any decision which they may pro— pose to make again t the TallcUty of any of its laws. i ._ '; It is to be remembered always that the authority of the court is a purely dele gated one. It does not-follow, therefore, as a conclusion of reason, from the-doc trine that a mejority of several 'joint owner* may dispose of the joint proper• ty, or because a corporate body may act in the same way in relation to a matter which concerns themselves, that the same rale shall apply to a public trust, except perhaps, in cases where it fa ea; -liable of execution in any other way. The people arc entitled to the benefit of the aggregate wisdom of the bench, in the concurring judgments of &IL those who compose3lL The Supreme Court might have been constituted of a single. Judge, and aught to, and perhaps would have been so conshmfed but for the pro verbially and generally received hypoth esis, that wisdom "le to be found rather lu the "multitude of coututellors'LAbaa inthe few—dot, heweter, in view of their ultimate disagreement, but to the end that, by comparison and even the possible shock and conflict of opinion... the truth may be evolved and harmony secured, just as in the system of the nut 'three, it is said by the poet, that "all nature's difference makes all. nature's peace." It can hardlyhis supposed that, in the constitution of a ]benchof eight or nine judges, it was Intended that five only of the number should decide, or -expect that a sound conclusion could be reached by any result id near alleged poise. To claim for this larger fraction the power of a canstr.ictive whole is not • lob strongly Characterized by Mf. Burke, in the. Damage already cited, as "one of the most violent fictions of positive law thatbave ever been Or can be made on the principles of artificial Incorpora- Coe," and "cannot be so made, In • Commonwealth, without a positive law to recognise it" There is no law, how ever, in the preient case except the com mon law, renting on . therreason 'of the thing, which is only Its supposed Deceit-. city In ordinary cases;- said this;lts a mere rule of proced, re, not entering in tothe constitution of the tribunal, and only prescribing a law for Its govern ment. Is it Infereillieceasarlly -in that constitution—if It we of the mance of a court that It ns should act In all cues by mere majorities—if, in ether-words It wore atrictly definable 1 as a machine whose principle of molten was of that sort only, it i• ight be objected, perhaps, that the Constitution had settledft. But this, I suppose, will hardly be pretended by anybody. In any other aspect of the question, however, It !Stint a rule of the common law for the regulation and more effective working of these tribunals; In which core there is nothing, of course, to previ,t its abrogation by the power that mists .0 , 1 mimskee the law, in ac cordance v. ;to own !sovereign will, which is only the will of the people de claring itself through their represents-, lives. So long as the authority to de-! tide Is still left and still' ', exercisable by thee:owls, at their own !discretion, and upon their own judgments, they have no more right to complain that they are all required to agree it order to nullify the law than that they aro not now permitted to do the same thing, as a quasi-corpo rate body, without the concurrence of a majority of such a quorum as it has pleased the 'Congress of the Vatted States to indicate. It is not necessary, however, to either of the-pending amendments, to borrow the aid of the general principlethat Con gress may alter sod medify the rule of the common law. Theipower is to be found in the Constitution itself, so far at least as regards the appellate ja.riadic lion of the court, which Is the witole ex tent of this bill. That jurisdiction which extends to all elegies, except those "affecting ambassadors; other public ministers and consuls,l and those in which a State is a party," Is conferred only with the express reservation that It ahall be exercised and. enjoyed "with such exceptions and under such rels. Sons as the Congros!', shall mate., What is the meaning of; this long,ager The word "regulations" imparts no more than rulea or laws. That It car ries with it any power to change the rule of decision, so as to, impose another law upcin the court than the action of its own Judicial mind, or to do anything further than prescribe the merle °ideat ion, Ito not claim. It wilt not be dis puted, at least, -that under this Ft:Me lon it may limit the jurisdiction to such cases as It thinks proper, and 'Bettie in Its way the whole 'times' of removal to, and treatmentin the apPellate court. It it shall think proper, then, to .accord that jurisdiction only on the cmdition that none of Its own aciL shall be over ruled on constitutional grounds without the judgment of en undivided court; who shall gainsay' its !right so to do, when it may even refusei the jurisdiction altogether where the court Lev:mossy have affirmed the validity of ita,urtect. mentT , And now, hiving fully vindicalid, as I trusts have done, the principles - el the amendment I have had the honor tooth.. mit, covering, as it does, as well the modification on which the Judiciary Committee has agreed, and which in de fault of the higher. security will not be unacceptable to trte,'l mast allowed a , word le conclusion on the reasons which t have prompted the introduction and aril, tett= at the present mortent ofa question that teems, in some measure, to hate taken the propound ixoutitry and even the - profession by surprise, no a very novel ' if 'not a very bold experiment. It will be said, perhaps, as it his been already mart than whiepored in 'some . SOattec , of the %talon,' that this 'lam Inc proposition is only kmere expedient for the time, intended to servethe, parr-. poses of the moment, and with a view only , o a partienter esee;- jou es the Im portant provision of the tentan-of•ofiLo law extending lie operation to the heads of Departments. ,which without much active sympathy or support from any quarter, andonlybypirseveringand per. detain effort, and after repeated defeats, I was happily enabled toseeingrailcd upon this law, against the apparent sense of the Senate and the , unyielding , op position of a large portion of. the Republican members of tale House, has been published to the world through all the organs of publicepinkin, until it has persuaded everybody here, and the echo of it has come back even froin Doti:Aber side of the Atlantic,- as amen party contrivance to save a particalarolliore-77. who was known by me It the time to be' himself opposed to it•-;instead of a great measure of date, prompted by a . itonvje tien of the absointa necessity of bete , sag the independence of a. net of Mu ttons:les who hadcome to look upon the muter of 'their fortunes as the rightfoi master of their wills, and Intended for ail heads of Deputanante aed ail thin The Impatient urgency with, which the • • ding measure Is just preened, even In its Imperfect shape, after hafehg slept so long tmdiaturtol, may seed to give an err of plausibility -to this tugger. tion. If the fact ctf- Its, introduction nearly a year ago Is not a sufficient ans. war, I may be allowed to , sky,' tit least for myself, that I have nem belonged to that timid schoolof practitionersi - wh • • :deals only. in .paillativesi_wtura , great pnblle evils which threaten tha matey of the State are „tei be rot:lethal:" When I beheld the law obstracted .on'systera, and arrived, atthe conviction--shared with me by a msjerity of this, Home— that the supreme RxecntiVelfulatrate of this nation, the officer Intrustal under the Constitution with the .euentism of Its laws, !Meador perforridag Con doll. bad disclosed asettlof parpesetothwirt your measures sad defy. your. RA I was at once pmpued to"meef that exigent by the complete and obvicativ and cal messare of relief; whlchl thought the .Constitntlon hut plum]. lit our WON instead of resorting to any_ entire: or clrontoto process, any. men t expeii ments of doubtfol validity or dangerous example; to accomplish the same object. When I sew again the tuochance, the golden .opportunity, ol s correcting, a cap: luil error, canonised Ili some sort by practice coerrea 'with the floyetatrent.ln. the concession of theralookita power ' of removal to the President, .which t had been so ;daily need end abased,l was eon illy ready to take advantage or the feelhigef peril engendered' by the- eurar. Whine of that officer, for the purpose of aommplishleg a long desinerated object,, which woula bare been proper, at all times, but had never , been possi ble till now. So when the ild emetics of the courts, the obviouspelitical leaningeof the judges In vest afrelre of State, And tie atrocious and alguninibkr doctrines to which the highest of them was net ashamed to give utterrnos, bad stripped them of the awful- prestimtt.—tl:m•more than Druidical sal:Mill —that had surl. rounded and covered them from the rade garnet the people, when the very priest hood of the altar itself hat diiiwnkside the =Lain of the sanemary - before - the eyes of the nation, in a nuelittlots Abet surpassed In iddeonanness and horror alll that the poet's conception - had imagined of the imposter prophet; when he'llfted. his veil In -the presence of his deltded followers andnroclehned lathele ears in thunder tones: • • - • ••trere, ye wtse,airsta. behold , vow HAM. your Rat YO would be tons ane. s andy airs.? I Ives equally prepared to improve' the occasion, by striking boldly at the .dan• acmes anomaly of a pi:twain thisnatioh that was blither thanlla egistitutina and its laws. The time had no; yet come to do this thing, until the red harvest of death had been - gathered from the seed thus sown in so many battletinhisi; but revolutions are the apportianititra of statesmen, and he is no statesman 'who hesitates when the way is providentially leveled before him, and. Dais thin in vited to enter upon it; as he, too, is none. who dreads the idle and ,tunsteardog taunt that he is merely legislating for the evil that is imminent; just se though It were not the banana the statesman. to meet tho danger that is exigent In quiet times the chancel for neon:ware rare.. The measure now proposed Waa proper one "at • all times. The Present condPicta of the' nonntry only. demon- Weirs, through .an imminent pail, its absolute necessity'. SgMilaMne. . Recently a men named - - 24C8wen, , wee indicted et Newark; N. .1.„, fbr appearing {tithe streets in a nude coedit on.. His trial occurred the Present week, the Jury Wing oat fifteen boors without agreeing upon r verdict. neon* will be under stood from the testimony , at blind/thee Reeves; a young and 'handsome - lady of At tbe.t4cas. the exhibition occurred, mother was greatly excited, owing much,' I think, to th&Usath of her Sister who died a shot time previeualyt I,derkit re member the exactlangnage elle or 740- Eu-en nsedet that/me, butt am inrenol thing Improper was. mid by lean:Me ;of us, neither did we melt e any immodest gesture, at this or any ,other times I hare known Ma hinErrealdnoelast vemnot ; our belief is about the. mule on we get from the Bible, and it is similar to the au-called Spiritualism • we beileve that we - Medd do as Christ did -=that; is commune with the eptrite rnothing nee done. on the.menton referred to, dllter from lasciviousness orqsatonnese:ldo not exectieltadievethe same az eutiehles de though I did. on :low vele/al/ay ; considering the slide of Mr. MCZWen's mini, 2 think iteran right 'ghettos - to do as he if he wee =lied- to desonow I think it would be perfectly . right; Wei had to mind what mother ind the *obits commanded as to do t. they said Ma mSutt 'go into theatricals naked 22 - we did. dot show ourselves, to the public at the win dow; tweet emording to the teachings of the Scrlpiiuu,.and they .ay "Child re'4obNyoull'==didsodtme,= do juat what she" Wanted-them to -.1. do not think that Mr. McEireetwoulsi.dciso .again, for I do net believe theopirits want him: we beloved in Spiritualism beam MeEmen came'-to our. home; In nil of our sedans we acted on, theprinM pie that to the pare all . Nage are In reply bithirtuarticlisslat whatlier Sic Ewes ova undrmsed..lxtfore In, her presence, she Mid that ehe would - rath not liarswam being inentedaponl she answered, '`l. have aeon him : doSo before, but not very ofteMl think It qace Monts month betbre New,,Year's*Nrhea be first commenced those' exhildtkrnald our house; Mr. licEwen, lea tailor, aid mother worked with him; they attended to the business, while I, did: the) , house work; I have four brothersandonealater; my oldest brothen la eighteen 3nsare and the youngest throe; them exhibitions were made before Ma and -. Wyse& the others not being Present at the teg them things were done under eicitement,and were never performed enirat mother's request or with her moment; ail we did was to strip ourselves, and / do not re member of star bearing en improper word, or walnut indecent nett Idogwcn occupied a single bed in Mahan bedroom and he generally aleptalone,exoeptwhem one of the children elepterittt himrsome timee mother' and WWII' Maud the night with him; ditLitot ate' think there was any harm Into dol,ashotke. log improper was :done; Dl , ,wect was not In the habit of praying; when we re tired we alepttogetheri Me and 'Mandl en either side of hfeEwen; nothing was said or done which was In the' least Ml proper; I havenever heardotthese thlnet being done anywhere elseel have a good opinion of hicgaren,andwouldnot do the same with any other man, for I knar that, none are so pue as he; ; watt little timid at drat, but bad no great. fear of Mr. DrcEwen. IticEwert aleptwlth us several times beftwe 2Cinv Year's day; not did not twined. me or Mr. lieErrett to Ile together; the pod woe a single ones I generally sleep With mother, which I have 'done moat of lifetime educe tether died; I was with Mr. MeEwen alone one night,_when or, was sick, - Demme she cott.'d totrmt well when Crowded.... Mr. MeEwen retired fit, and was Weep when I went to hadt . „l reinember noth ing that wee said; I have neverhnown I him to take or attempt to take, lay per sonal libertine at all - while In dor family; I do not, know :why. Idn 3.‘tiEweri ap• peered *slur did on New.Telea, day; only that be dkittat,tho requester my mother; ma . did. these Wogs . emend times herself; I Wok. four "times .pre money; ape wanted to crucify the and show to the world that: abe; ems pore, When atm put her wane around ?Jr. life.Mwen's' neck; she reotteented herself tut the mothei of Christ, but I did not believe It, and thought Metre were all ordinary men and women; dlt; not feel . any shams. at the time; thouAt mother was thelindjo undress on Ws . nettro w my, expelled "front a church in Lonbnrills a west *VW* two. lihe afterwarl appeared and took bee use; in tbs "apailay Ooriler;And wan .111.13120** rily eiscud. Elhe suld - the ejectors for dassinees, end brought whom:who 'pestle following' ornltmet, tostitnany: "I war. standing rho 'cross from de riiTch, 'and.•'sae- ulster Itneekinredge thrownput to the ehtlrch, and lilt hadn't been fad* iron .rallin',:itha would .ah Cell down and broke hos rinds., ./ WWI once a member ckb did church, 'and was 'peeled' kw* l''sald"de`.pratetter was wrotnr in preseldng dal,- } whew. Christ Well eight Isere old ,ho.- w law to de Ban Ellblaa Islands.," Pb TWkL, Mara* PittgbPikault* "XOAZY." 4 - thou most weadarttat elatebt , UMW *Ye All mantled, yea even It=tp.a USE W/°r. Mn. do.n.rolts, tears Is sO throne but Moe. • ‘, • Ilt.beentsareletdoetbtessetebote—dlTl° o ; -Thou Mint the brays one doable htetel • seal; . . . The beelyelseeTbtoetairotrattoos For thee the wandering adelitteds oft:mead . To thee tlfe else Mar etc.* et tried.= err .In he JeOge—ibe emend= Dbt , //WIT' • treat, It won. tetAbilste Abair ate* with oltUutlit To thee itto boats et traitors hneddl, Or 1111 stafttbe al4Velos, Oately :At thy oessokAnd, oft Yletee tads; tete lead; • Egeth d =rdettbsetge tddentoel Selee antt • And Men •NIXPaI God. boo callal to Yosd We. - - OR ready—more tten duty—how to sefeet4 Like negated wplyfo,.upon the..kleeptite . rola: 1111alose the lesobe,'Qeetroy I,pf wade and For thee the meld will alinper. Weep tad pear totiloodfor earI:NAME . fai.laellebi• Tor thee the lover will ell sorrew. hear ► • Now to tits lora rte duty mutt: and If titer eijo, they ride to Pell lie ALA IXILMOIVINI emu otherl bet too late. Tor the wilt mute dettiobbon deal dIMMII . ;Whoa *elideo, =Oleic* as meek se 11.111 bat MO roubd to• track Wm as .IWry. - !And le the dark :oak. balrao or Mar ror thee yrlll looplaor4Okrll ... their prayer., • ..kod apbter-dkomaread =IV th at amino- asmtvis. • fir thee. toe an arch' inns bad mar FrOrd' thee coin ' sOriaw, envy. L'~ti and . 11,4 ' 1 ' 11 in love ther.roo . re . then 610, to And teen wilt ova. hell sad lee theca In. Willem elk? deem; bat Ulla item malt - Cat rerzlistiez, "weary 17, - , 111511. , • • .- 01108 FPS A A• 0101111. • ' DT, iIORoI CIOm We eyes ble work le done I ' • ta , hlm friend or fawns* Acme of moon, Or set at *wk. • - . . Liana of man. or lba of warm= ", • -Lay blm low, lay Dim Jew', In Us clover or the= Ow., ! • Wont cam kettle bannOu know s • Lity• hlui.Law • As mw may, be tonibalila debt, Proved tut tratk by taiendmrar; %Leaden Sleep II ablernk abet; , ! ' else p forever and forever t • .• Ler Wm low. lay Alla , in Um olgver.or *be snow) , • . . Otreetllei I he Manor. Ireowi . owL - . , • Fohl !Om In hie ammeters stars, • 801 l the drum eon flee the volley I West to him are wan, • hit but deathbeatoektrot Met • „Lay taus low„ , hor bras low, .•-• .., In the Mover or the snow t • •• ' What owes lest be cannot knew' Leave Ulm tolloWe watottrtil - Trust blue to the laud that. 12:114811.41t . L Nortel• Idea 'theme Idly eV f , bud alone bal.po.l.ln. V. old tom! , -• Lay him low, law tam leer. In the clover or tba 5/10, I , What elm. be. be cannot knew . , • , - Lay tam low IL =I .-1-. N•,.. • trbeubli comes my lord 0 heart. WiltritOM It metro= Mow Um shams the olos. Fro:balm Mat spoil um rubro prom, From um* Mat moek lbw duottond'o bMio; When oo comes so ytroet u hoot: ows:.. • Ah,nust.twas from a bout like stone.'-• - '[tie bluabLug MOM imaksmolleat Mteld. • The bps - beau:um mum most : Theme does tamp; mimes dealm. And seeourto Cuptdbt Mei • yet all fa file bat spook my mom. utugbt Ltoth sty the hoartof Moue; _ . Why thus; nylom, go kindbesosuk uttrestmu moot IlmmotbituMbutobotk— Yet. not beast to we paltrl Veaustlak•Muth._ Mike not so ALM to muss our mom. Or nuke a boort UM , . UM oar own. BTALS3IIIION,JOBIIIIO/1:. • sr COPPZIaIf a. Wham Lodraw•Totution staled to tteuott • •Ilsolteteidtoo tate he mato hatrast. What tha:scan give the creature reIISOR. Ur trash his boom's stela* &inapt • • • • • course far htel'i la ledlOart /a so • r •••• obis ha teem every aye., . • to mes all • • ' Or w • ehla Doom well a stiddlit .••• - Torten" th begintiirlior .this.Pirtionr , . centurya gigue bodytoflocusta was precipitated toga* thollack Sc, upon -. the steppe lying Esst of Odessa; where its commuted most indesertbable demur • 4 tation.,- To destroylbeinvader; columns of eerie were marched down trot:tithe .*- terlor; but on at the scene of ac- •, - don, were almost waltzed by Moshe nomenon they witnessed." For miles the whole - eurfesse at the, plln, - ikarverted "•: • Intoll black color, seemed to be alive Ind co motloo; for the scaly bOdies °idle to. closelypressedual locked together, presented thl: • appearance of a huge, dusky calrasaintitating with s strange glitter the raptor the sun. '• Then:tam being in motion, advanced _ - Inland, slowly but steadily, murmuring like the merges of the ocean, patting the ' - sheep, the eattle„the borne, and the in.- habitants on all sides to Hight: A stench• last to be expressed :by words: was wilt-• nal from the beetsas it crawled onward, the living devourlng the dead, for "lack of other provender: Putting 'their 'mat tocke,aptdes, pickaxes, and other lint: • plenages into latmediaterequiskletn, the eeriest:toad:BY ereavatedA trench Several Mlle. In length attokoths tank; of the loco*, het t;ers Walled the enemy was upon them, sedation demon— 'mated tier futility of theledevider. tt , In the course of a. ferc rednutta frt their reaching the brink or the oxen"- tfie foremoet ranktihad been ptusbed - - Into it by thourthat followed, and - Ailed • It up fromedge to edge, so that the mad- titude continued its ,march apparently • .• ! without inletruptiot. 'then everything combustible waa collected.'autiset entire luirout of She column, valth the same result. - The whole Black Elea seemed to - betransfOrnied Into locusts; which; from - Its low eltuires,:_etme, up in • comdlese myriads. setting at defiance all the arts andlndtutt of mon. Several columns the lrivers Illectodlowant the Feat,. andallghted amid 'Ms vineyards of the • . Critnea, othicht hey' soon' changed Into' a waste of epsrentlyfdry , ancl sapless lfussia apPetared.to been Mania! of a • • Calamity that' which fell upon about themlddlsof the seventeenth-can; tory, - when. the dratnustipa the har vestsoticaalorted a Biretts. which 'was followed by 'plague, pa that the papule. tionisturitolts provinces Ws* thinnest 'id' nanst to ea:termination. In the present, Instance;' the elements mom to the 'do. ilveratemsof Thslore a among West wind ' , noupwas of . black . clouds, came pouring up from the BosPhorres. which ampztred the atalospbeik and 'ultimately decended indeed' ,At theiatton of decending Jove, the ;locusts were • Puildizedt end se tkui odeAtter int:datum - continued- to. drench • them In-pitiless flostrion, they gave up the gheati and be queathed their flaky oorniato the hue- bandnran •- for Mama* net however, • without sundry fevers and dysenterina. _ . . Ant lee Tete to Parte, fete inusiernibn'the Sheens 'Club Ulm, In the Bois de loom ne, , on act » night . Parteletter ye;"The La e Ina illaminated by a iloodAf,light from sixteert,eleettio,bat tartar, ellen wreathed with sally.colared Venetian lanterns,. Akareen of-white" - inntied glue Inmate, connecting am delabre of _greed beanty. inelosed - the Lake, as it were, within salreleafpeirly ltght. - --The based in .the sentre.of the . frozen waters ocuuteeted with, Me shore. by a entry' bridge; win one man of rdby, emerald and'imentyst tinted dime, .srad, "en thro u g h the gTekven of trees,. each . laden 'materna of adored paper reminded one of the lint 'smite ' in a Christmas pantomime: - Bare wee .' eta- - tinned -the band of the Thirty-fourth, whieltplayed all night. • - The prohibit sight of the evening was ' the mlniatureeleigita, _esoh ,miataladits a fair puntenger vevloted asd .furred„ but wearing a tiny lantern - I.IIC herbett, turd propelled by a faithfol agnirebearinshis hat.. Theeffeettras as of wasnanyoolored - sten shooting talons the silvery =Moe of a mirror: itte•genten arid ' red _ware •: the predorehnutt Colors, the bus wornby: the lady within theldolltk ailing the same an worn by her. Meaner. — The Doke of Hamilton, ,Djendl Peatur,Prinee,Matter. bleb, Dr..tbarros, ..31, • Do . Pales, end Prince liavrocordato - were among the gentlement: the Duchene/3e Itfortry,? the •rristonoDegagent„ Vircon_pienattAguado Oros Idaedonnell), Miss Fennirmur„ the afareniso De Gallifd, _and the Ibmslan 'bride, Countoes DemidoW - . were among •:.: the ladles, , The. Emperor .and.:Empress skated in the afternoon. tin the (hand:" •LaewiththePribeelnaherial f!aridagain' .thegransandagUityof twoyoung Arnerls 4 ' r .esoMalle,_ldbeettßechwitband Berwick, attracted theirlfeleitties. altennoM Dir end serest diplomatsavrere -tit the atigen:rained „by . tW w yeens skill in the art of iheip -• . , newel tiel&r.Vinrestigation hag been. opened. by 3f. Blonde's, who has been Studying the action of ea Indoe current on traits andiwierits• The ek.ctri tatkmrif. senhat, prim: and paw 'as,, led to believe. hostess thole ripening, Fer theyii - of,conspariesn,n titian.- illy of =ea gash* 'peas; and beans, which hen beetLitubeoltted to the action' of an electric correat,were glacedin pots filled wits -good garden earth; Ind other traelectritied.aeeds were planted at: the came noteand kept ander the asuseaso ditleiin The remit: wea, that the elec trified Waste lilways apron/tip tleat,grew mord rapidtp.annipsira mac h Wore Tife! on:mound leultfal plants.. One singul ar racc". - whieh is given On the, anthert .0! the espeeltneiner; Isithat tinny of ese planhi-pronostel_ ypoodsted wing uglaile. AU/MIL t1;114 iill; with the tree root coining 'won op bite -the air; while. the mule direetwi - dawkwited tato the • —A masked burglar entered one of the fast - eatabUehmenta • tn- ,Clnoinnah , the other night, and ring Into the room or. ens of the women, woke her, end point ing~e.4rovolvse talker, head. demanded '. her. Money' and ber Jewels. .Madem- Olaelle -mut terribly liightened at this sudden appeilra co •of 'an= In her bed. -fhaulbote menanedro scream. The Intruder not liking the nelse,Und fearing the amoaett of an amazon army, made off, takthgwith him, hoverer, a .pollat containing a few dollars, II LI El
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