p OA:II;ETTE By a =ma a co—.: D. L. Rawly—. uksz Eausri f &MU' PITTSBURG:III: ' • WEDNESDAY- MORNING, pEc, 3 um. lidtlllo 141:111;Wiiits DA roAr—Alr Min." moro n nt4 - 111.yabie In striate*. W 'SKIM—Too socutun, sdinstee.r lobo o bo onopl led On Me naming auxunoon POnr_Oopies pe 00 Ten Dodos nor In —AO 00 AfirPorsoto tan be adonttectubtiAbA.Ar,_": lota nA tor lost Coke. st tar ttme. br olnAgam" ArArAilonoo borroeuti a.o otrintir Munn!. AAA the TAM Innolool short theyoa U put,coilea rettennod RATES OP ADVERTLSIIIO. One samara: Cr : Ainan ......4 ) 0 60 will odepsi Insortban--. IA ,C 3,3 Do Arn...'7.k.f• - •:" . ::=1": - 0, p. tor e ntonAar ton tba— -------- 11 0* toren. =tam 10 b o o Aboollog Cade. (1, Ansa ar loo) Dor annum 000 ttoodollor for olon *4410=61111a One KUlrit. ohmnsoal.st pitman", (on an. ano3.lnroloonos orpator--.----- 00 . Elaxisni.-41in lion. Alexander Dew - 43sPretndstire tram the ninth District of Mama tkimeetts, remarked in our hewing on hoard the train between New Toth end Philadelphia, an 7, Saturday, ,thst Mr. -Simmer was not yet in s aonditiOn to take "hie went in the Benito. lie is extremely ant:lons to _stand once'more in his pinee'snd eprek his eloquent words in behalf of yreedem. Be would go to Washington if the • ":-questbett of his physical ability to - and Or e -the ,joarney and sustain tho atonement were left to hie :alto dealenat, brit Lie physicians are per. initory in refusing their consent, and he sub. .; . ... , ;:m*,::.l9as ever meanness, of, a buer ithid idated to the eye of this,world than that which has srisibutod to this noble gentleman a design of making political - capital oat of an event which has coat him so many a bitter pang, and chained his giant energies, both pbyeical and mental for nearly seven months, How th *flight Of time will sienge his wionpl kaw, coining generations will:revere his name! How will it shine among the great, when time. servo; ind Poltroons shall have mingled with their. ongenial dirt! - A.s . great ideas gain forge , . and vehnue from age to age and grow op like the corkislinds from sunless depths to the pare enoughtuf the shies, the trading politician with his ..inises" "loves for the dear, people" to their Lf.wes - end his ..sweers" for them babied their hicks must, give 'way to those who fasten theniselves with true faith upon the great foot of thft progress of the nee of matt aver towards . • hither We. What vas met val. - hoots ard jeers yeeterday, will be listonedin with remount attention to-Morrow. Thoso who with tonomed tongue were reedy in pronounce death upon the (oaten Sumner, may yet Hie to eat their word.; will+be glad and proud to eulogize him, when theletople in their might shall have pronottactil theit "well done" upon his data of worth. A Tarnow" Barrtm.An amusing account of pitched battle about, rkgoldelaim, between two rival paithre ef. beicetiale, comes to us bo - thU California papers.' About 2500 ofthe "Tobin" were coined and some 5000 Americans stood by to see and lapel 'at the fun. A letter from the rogion , where this grand fight took plan— lamb Spring, near Sonora—nye that the bat tle Mremanced by. firing, at loog range, with intaliets--ny at nbOut .er mile and a half, and the beating of gongs.. The din w?it terrible.— Gradually the two armies approached each other, meta some shots told7hilling three or boar of tlie ottleittiabithin both parties retreated, and are probably running These pitched lights are loan &egoist in the 1.11012011iL18, and afford fins holidays to the Americas miners. HIEBITCT Tan butru.Eurma.--5. Opeclid of ; respondent of the Nei Taii Timer writing from . rfatiN 1111101.1e0 under'date of NOT. 5, says that Herbert left heMe for Washington on that day, and that on !Monday be challenged TUOILUI S. limn, 'Editor of the. Etweis, Bulletin, tot pies commenting upon the atrocious murder of NALTTlO2.—mbiati abAllongo Mr.. K. of course re turned with soonteioptuous seem:mgr. Oa Tome dayasawarr stood upon Montgomery street all diayOrith a big bludgeon, waiting asotrediy, as lam told, to attaeV. KULL The latter, hewer. er, brushed past Hasmossr.at 5 O'cloot; on his wsy dinner, in company with two friends; without any hostile demoustration on the part of 'ear worthy Cougressman. Had Monson? assaulted KING he would have adorned a limp- Fiat in ten mlitetee tikereaftor.,- oarrespondent of the - fiefiffillre BIE7 writing !rent New York uncler date. of the 29th, eays that Mr; Jotor'B. Fairbanka, formerly one of the editora of ilia .. Life Illostrated, et phrenological journal, committed stroble this muting, at the Tremont Hones. He got rip at the . utal hour, took hie breakfast, and appeared in his ordinary %Arita: 'Aflei peering a fow words of a friendly nature with the landlady, - he- proceeded unob rid to one at the front upper story rooms; en vacant, and opening a . wlndow, deliberate ly juntped bur, Tea 81/1111Tnenn.—That pot tioe of the tnea-, gaga of Gee Adams - of South Carolina, respect ing the moienlng of the elant-trada has ben referred to a eeloot Committee in the Legislature of Mai State.. • - ' Ting BCOAI anon. -.:The Columbus Time esys:—Au intelligent planter of Louisiana, wri ting to us from Assumption perish, Nor. 10th, saps: "The sugar crop will not reach one hun dred thotmand hbds. I think it will be between 76,000 end 100,000.' In 1849 Louis' ienspro. domed 2200: Mite of 1,000 lbs. each. • The teril7 on singer la tor the protection of the 0 100;1100 hogidissile"! - Koeeurn'e latertiats.ThoLondon times Nays that M. Kossuth realized three thousand pounds starling by. his eerier or lectures in - Scotland lest sesson;- and that he bus received eighty invita tion for stinterlettares Great Britain. ssmuct,GßA,Y. 11E - ROHAIIT No. 52 .ST. OLMR, STREET, •ror. fie vtiatkflerit.l tirvanuizart IS now miming - a fino stock of. Fall and :wraisu.ir claw; vra SWUM, viatingste4: 'Max bs Is. Drinarell to mats to ardor on gnarl notlee la We let of and moat Inatilonable Gratletarn la want of iliantingds nsrlarula far hall as Winter you villtaullt- to dirty wlynatairo to ittv• The only Itredal: Awaited by the New. Port ItshiLltleo to . the EnhILIII or farelim Enos Mao actor= has been obtained, =toot mo==ose cort, pet /OP. by IMA PPJIII.IIIII, or their WithOITTEP.BIIIIIZ whereby father sorthoorty la amyl of Its ban the Wet Sheeusbrity a this Baum hreisztsiele4 toayery War tar of Oa slots. sahl tie e Mee) In *tootle% thsitsoet• Oland* hattoolotinellt nuns Maternal entl seknowledaed. In ths United htates It to told to be the =et egreestle hcallairot. inti I eitsatadlor Its tool., and brifigOlfang braDIALII4 It. hi 'final assonant:at the Manua to Wiest the Ihod> On et continent ot Entloot, them onoLtles hare boa tslithhel to by. geotleotani who. wits* to LEA • PRA . MKS thoatt.llltretutial a bottled/0W WerOUUMitar• 'OSUMI lin , * /OW I have jut cosovisted aroma PPIIo and Pottoild. and bellows Lott/ my pram% data Of koala to its ass yaw Pao= Isstontsair, an' tldett amadmid; Wa WWI tnitheey tt•re tultbins In • traveter's hen. ' alas so essottlat to his soktfort.itt least thaws oonOtth*ti • LoOlsosho, ethers It bad st the sass or every reihrtelol, • loldhat isnUematt mites nom Ittadtas to Ids brother In the same Weida at iYWsrtar la -.tie klioolha Wow- !Tell Les A Pireibloo that theta not Is blear sneered to Ladle, too :het It bi, lie my lclnlem. the most Palstalfaa ma as atm Mae oholeathte Mot This twee Is imitate fee arta, sextets of 41.0. t collared demand 4hleh Its shostlenes tuts elveltal his ta to lay battalions being eared to the potato, nodes nrist7 or 0w... bat tba amanda• may be knownDyths aammi of .XSAAt PEEItLN9 ^ Won Intprcesool noon the Went =tab eal•Ule• or Lotat ttlase - POMP 141;4* tett* itt,well as the gala and -." . Bole A'Mnti for th 6 'l'lt6 lll 3 lf ts . t. N ttrrii[ll4 MMaI4M. aagaiyfa • 48a BroadraMllovi Yost.- Dr, geyser' unotuctiir 13races--From inetabarcbstaysteik Asrllloth, ISB6.—?oz more this S rears ryßtrr lave eeustaotlT Tots tho Wmthlostop Sue vend r Dm,. Easoattarturld DT V. 460. U. Kern:. of Iro Wool rt. Mato ritr. sod "dolt! tusortlir rem:mama It to ail who Ftv 010044 L 04 estu 1 igsgs" Iro IarrZOS:VI reorrlol, In Wilms attinattop to Kr motto, Itsrawors swot suivedamth e pasta sultsboto Uzi go Placed so to =Ward% trod to kips tbo &Dokter , to th•lr , Mural - wanton and inithl the chat Worrro.• harurrolls of wkinci r,r* satrustfr Ward Fr: the ire.TSkt entosocts ••eldrtr. , rboalii GM =Woe thaw U'ophDo Puft° 4o. Ss' isdsig thaidazusucus4tatiltlllartba brow old IN 1 4 1 = 1,1 4. Dad at Dr. OEO4I. MOM Vrbobs.ti. nrrag e r Wad rt, ' rlgaottro Gab* Motu, PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE. Fellittmntizent of the , Saudi ; -'fffkrof the House lityrttettatives: The requires that the Presided shall, from Smote time, not only mama to the-constderation of Congress such measures es. he Mayjudge necessary and expedient, but also tint he shall give information to them of the state of the --Union. To do thisfully Involves exposition of all matters in-the actual condition of the cotinn7, - 'dpmestio or foreign. which es vandal!" concern the general-- welfare. While' performing his constitutional duty in this re epett, the President 'does not speak merely to express pereenal - convictiotrr, but as the nem; live minister of the government, enabled by his position, and Coiled- upon by Ms official obliga tions, to scan with an "impartial eye . the Interests of the whole, and, of , every, pan of the United . Of the condition of the_ domestic interests of Union; its apiculture. mines, manufactares, navigation, and commerce, Sig necestutry only to say that the intemalpnspeeity of the coun try, its continuous-and steady advancement in wealth and population, end in private as well as pablie well-being, attest the wisdom "of our in stitutions, and the predominant spirit of get* sad patriotism, which; - notwlthstandieg cocaltional, Irregularities of opinion or. notion resulting from popular freedom, has diethiguish, ed and‘cheracterized the people of America. In the brief interval between the torminiation of the bet and the commencement of the pee- Sent session of Congrees, the public mind has been occupied with the care of selecting, for another constitutiorial term, the President and Vice President of the United States. The determination of the persons, who are of right, or Contingently, to preside over the ad ministration of the government, is, under our system, committed to the States and the people. We appeal to them, by ' their voice pronounced in the forms of law, to caltwhomsoever they will to the high post of Chief Magistrate. And thus it is that - se the mestere represent the respective States of the Union, and the mem bers of the House of Repreeentatives the several constituencies of each State, en the President represents i the aggregate population of the United States. Their election of him is the ex plicit and solemn act of the sole sovereign au thority of the Union. It le Impossible to misapprehend -the great principles, which, by their recent political sedan the people of the United States have sanctioned and announced.- They have asserted the constitutional equality of each and all of the States of the Union as Statee; they have affirmed the constitutional equality of each and all of the citizens of the United States as citizens _whatever their roll gionrwheriver their birth, or their residenee; they have maintained the inviolability of the constitutional rights of the different sections of the Union; and they have proclaimed their de voted and unalterable attachment to the Union and to the constitution, as objects of interest superior to all subjects of local or sectional con troversy, as the safeguard of the rights of all, es the spirit and the essence of the liberty, peace, end greatness of theßepublio. In doing this, they have, at the some, time, emphatically condemned the idea of 'organizing -In these United States mere geographical par tine of marshalling in -hostile array towards each ether the different parts of the °Manley, North or South, East or West. Behemea of this nature, rraught with inceicit labia mischief, and which the ootutidersie Itense of the people has rejected; could have bad coun tenance in no 'part of the country, had they not been disguised by euggestione plausible in ap pearance, sating upon en excited state of the public mind, Induced' by causes temporary in their character, and it is to he hoped transient In their influents. Perfect liberty of association for political eh jecits, and the widest scope of discussion, are the received and ordinary conditions of govern ment in one country. Oar inflictions, framed In the spirit of confidence in the intelligence and Integrity of tho people, do not forbid citizens either individually ur associated together, to at tack by writing, epcceh or any other methods short of physical forte. the Constitution and the very existence of the Union. Under the delete of this great liberty, and protected by the laws and usages of the government they conall, faeu ciations have been formed, in some of the Staters, of individuals, who, pretending to reek only to prevent the spread of the Institution of slavery Into the precentor future Inchoate States of the Unica, are really inflamed with deeiro to change tho domestic institafiens of existing 'States. To accomplish their objects, they dedicate' them- Ltelvee to the odious took et depreciating the government otganintinu slack stands in their way, end or ealumulating, with todinriminate invective, not only the citizens of particular Steles, with whose laws they find huh, but all others of their fellow-citizene throughout the -country, who do not participate with them in their amanita upon the Constitution, framed and adopted by cur fathers, and claiming for the privilege' it has snared, and the bleminge it has conferred, the steady support end grateful re verence of their children. They ceek en object which they' well know to be 9 revolutionary one. They aro perfectly aware that the change in the relative condition of the white sod black Taco In the alanhelllng Steles, which they would promote, la beyond their Linn' authority; that to them it lea foreign objeet; thin it cannot be effected .by any' peaceful instrumentality of theirs; that for them, and the States of which they arocitizette, the only path to its accom plishmeut Is through burning cities, end ravaged fields, and elaughtend pepulatious, and all there is most terrible in foreign, complicated. with eivitand servile and that the Grat step In the attempt is the forcible disruption of a coon try embracing it its broad buten st degree of liberty, acid an amount of individual and patine prosperity, to which there is no parallel in hirt, tory, and substituting in Its place hoetile , 111191e991, driven at Once - sod inevitably tato mutual devastation and fratricidal carnage, trim formiog the now peaceful cad felicitous brother. hood Into avast permanent camp of armed men Ilke the rival enewnehiee of Europe and Aria. Well knowing that such;-and such only, aro the means sad the consonances of their plant and purposes, thoy cadasvor to prepare the people of the ltalted States for civil wer by doing every thing in their power to deprive the Constitution and the lays of moral' autherity, and to under mine the fabric of the Union by appeals L 3 pas sion and sectional prejudice, by Indectriatitleg ire people with reciprocal hatred, and by educa ting them to stand face Le face as enettlit9, rather than thoulderter shoulder as frieude. It la by the Amoy d each utiwsmintnbla in terference, foreign and domestic, that the minds of Many, otherwise good ciiiscus, have boon so inflamed into 'the printouts oondemnation of the domestic institutions of the southern States, as it length to pace insensibly to almost equally passionate bootitity towards their fellow-citizens of those States, said thus finally to fall into temporary fellowship with the avowed rood ac tive enemies of the Constitution. Ardently at tached to liberty in the abstract, they do not atop to consider preatically how the objects they would attain can be accomplished, nor to ?caret that, even if the evil were se utiat as they deem it, they have no remedy to , apply, and that it can bo only aggravated by their violence and un constitutional action. A question, which is one of the most dirmult of all the problems of social institution, political economy and statcaustublp, they treat with • nursuoning Intemperatma of thought and language. Extremes . beget ex. treceen: Violent attack from the North Sado Its inevitable eentosquenee in the growth of a spirit of angry dame* at the Falb. Thus to the progress of events we had reached that coo. eammation, which the voice of the people las now to pointedly rebuked of the attempt, of a portion of the States, by a sectional organization and movement, to usurp the control of the gov ernment of the United States. I cocfidentlibelblve that the great body of lame°. who hiconsiderately took tale fatal step, are sincerely attached to the Constitution and the Union. They ii told, upon deliberation, Shrink with unotreoted horror . from any con scious sot of disunion' or civil war. But they bare entered into a path, which leads nowhere, unless It be to civil war and disnolon,and which has no other possible mined. They hare pro ceeded !bus far bithat direction in coneequence of the successive stages of thole progress hav ing consisted of a emits of eecondary femme, each'of whit& professed to bo -confined within coostitutionel and peaceful limits, but which at tempted Indirectly what few 1900 - 111 TO williog to do directly, that is, to act aggreesively agalnet the-constitutional: rights of Pearly ono-half of the thirty•one Stated. — In the long eerie, of acts of indirect aggree elan, the brat was. the attentions agitation, by dill:ens of the northern States, In Conte:to and oat of It, of the questi6u 'of negro eemoulpation in the southern States.' The second step in this path at evil conelsted of MO of the people of the antihero States, and Id Novena instancen bf their governments, aimed to faceitato the mere of cornetts' held to service in tho'eontbern States, end to prevent extradition "then reclaimed according to lair and in. virtue of express provielone of the Gonatitudon. To promoto_thle objeat, legiela tiro enactments and other meat ware adopted to takeaway or defeatrighto; whiek the Ceeetl• Cotton solemultguarnntied. In order to nullify the then existing act of. Congress contenting the extradition et foglthea from' service; lan were enacted in many State", forbidding their °Morro tinder the severest penaltlen, to participate In the execution Of , COy motel Gangrene whatever. I n this way that oyotow of harmonious co-aperetion between" the authorities of the United gtaree and the several Suttee, for the main. tontines, of their: common itatittithttle, Which ex ivied in the tardy_ yearn of tho Itepubile,yrne de 4troYed; atalicts Of jurisdiction came to be fro/neat; and Coe/tots focuid 'ltself Gen:welted, for, the rapport -of . the Conititution, and the einaiestlon Of .=its power, to &atheist, ,the ' op pelettuent of neer °Mans charged With Ole'ta- j sodden of its acts ; ZS if they , and the officere of j the States Were the ministae, respectively 'of foreign goeutiments in a atate•of mutual heetit.' ity, rather than fellow tootentrates -et a common eountryi - peacifullyarabeletine'culler the protia. lion of one well constituted Union. Thus here, , also, aggression was, followed by reaction; and the.attacks - ripen the ,Constibation at this point did bat serve to ialsof up new barriers - for its deft= and eeenrity: ,- • ' • The third stage of this unhappy untionalcon troversy *lain connexion with the organization • of territorial governments, and the admission of hew States into the Union. -When it was pro posed to admit the Stu° of Maine, by equa tion of territory from that of Massachusetts, and the State of Missouri,' formed of a portion of 'the territory 'ceded by France to the Uaited States, representatives In Congreas objected to the' admission of the latter, unless • with condo lions suited to particilar views of public : policy. The imposition of each a condition was encoese reeisted. 4int, at the same period,_ the question was,pretiented of leveeing rest ietions upon the residue of the territory ceded by Prime. That question was, for the time, die-• posed of by the adoption of a goagrephicalline of limitation. In this connexion it irk — a - cad ne be forgotten that France, of her own accord, resolved, for eon. eiderations of tho most far-sighted sagacity, to code Laulsiani, to the United States, and that acumesiodwas accepted by the; alted Stelae, the latter expressly engaged that .dhe inhabi tants of the ceded territory shell be incorpora ted in the Union of, the United' States, and ad mitted as soon as possible; aecordiag to the principles of the koderal Constitutiou, to the enjoyment of all the rights, advantages, 'and in munitionof citizens of the Unitrid States ;" and in the meantime they shall be inaintatned and and protected In -the free enjoyment of their liberty, property, and the religion which they profess"—that Is to say, while it remains in a territorial condition, its inhabitants are main tained andprotected in the tree enjoyment if their liberty and property, with , a right then to .pasainta the condition of States one footing of perfect equality with.the inightellittates. - --- • • The enactment, whiob established the metric,- ties geographical line, was acquleoced in rather than approved by the States of the %lan. 'lt stood on the statute book, however, for a mem ber of years; and ,the people of the respective atetea-ecquieeced in the reenactment of the principle as applied to the State of Texu; and it was proposed to acquiesce in its farther sp• pliaction to the territory acquired by the United States from Mexico. But this proposition was eaccessfraly resisted by the representatives from the Northern States, whe,ogardleas of the sta• tate line, insisted upon applying restriction to the now territory generally, whether lying north or south of it, thereby repealing it as a. legisla tive comprothiee, sect, ore the part of the - North, persistently in - orating the compact, if compact there was. Thereupon this enactment ceased to have binding virtue in sense, whether as respects the North or the South; and eo in effect it was treated on the occasion of the admission of Cal. ifornita'and the organization of the Territories -of-New guieerAitsh and Washington. Such wifthe state of this question, when the time tinned for the Organization of the Territo ries of Kant= and Nebraska. • In the progrese of constitutional inquiry and refleation, it had now. at length come to be seen clearly that Con geese does not pastas constitutional power tp impose restriction' of this character upon any present 'or future State - of the Unioti. In a toil series of decisions, on the tallest argument and after the most deliberate consideration, the Soprents-Court'of the United States hail finally determined this point, in every form under which the question could arise, whether as af: - fectingionblio or private righta—in questions of the public domain, of religion, of navigation, and of servitude. The several States of the Union aro, by force of the Constitution, co-equal In domestic' legis lative power. Congresa cannot change slaw of domestic relation in the State of Maine; no more can it in the State of Missouri. Any statute which proposes to do this is a mere nullity; it takeenway no right, it confers none. If it remain on the statute-book tturepealed, it re mains there only as a monument of error, and beacon of warning to the legislator and the etatesmsn. To repeal it will be Only to remove imperfeetiou from the statutes, without affecting, either in the tense of permission or prohibition, the action of the States, c of their citizens. Still, when the nominal restriction of this na ture, already a dead letter 313 law, was in terms repealed by the last Congress, in a clause of the act °retaining the Territories of Kansas and Nebraska, that repeal was mode the occasion of a wide.speed and dimgerousigitation. It was alleged that the original enactment be ing a compact of perpetual moral obligation, iW repeal constituted on odious breech of faith. An act of Congress,while it remains unropeal. of, snore especially If it be constitutionilly valid in the judgment at those public fanctlonartes whose duty it Is to pronounce en that, point, is undoubtedly binding on the conscience of each goal citizen of the Republic, lint in what sense can it be warted that the enactment In question was busted with perpetuity and entitled to the respect of a solemn compact/ Between whom was the compact/ No distinct contending pow ers of the government, no separate sections of the taloa, treating at such, entered into treaty atipulatleas en the subject. It was a mere chute of an act of Congress, and like any other centre. vaned matter of legislation, received, its final shape and was posed by compromise of the'con flitting opinions or asatiments of the members at emitters. But if it had moral authority over one's ermacieuese, to whom Sit this auteority I attach? Not to those of the North, who had re peatedly refined to cocifirni it by extension, and who had a:intently striven to establish - ether and Incompatible' regulations upon the subjeet. And If, as it thus appears, the anaemic' compact had no obligatory force as to the North; of course it could not have had any as to the Soule, for alt each compacts roast be mutual and of reciprocal obligation. It hav not uofrequeettly happened that law givors, with undue estimation of the value o the law they give, or in the view of importing to it peculiar strength, make it perpetnel In terms, bat they c‘nuot thus bind el* conscience, the judgment, and the will of those who may euoceed theta, Wrested with similar responsibili ties, nod clothed with equal - authority. More careful intestigation may prove too law to be 1.11:1112Calti in pencil - as. Erperience may show it to be imperfect In detail and impracticable in intention. Mid then both reason god right combine not merely tojastify, but to require Its repeal. The Constitution, supreme 11.9 it is over all the departments of the government, legislative, f 1.9• autism, and judicial, is open to amendment by its very terms; and Congresa or the Stites may, in their discretion propene amendment to it, solemn compact though it in tenth is between the eavereign Buttes of the Union. In the pres ent Instance, a political enactment, *blob had ceased- to have legal power or authority of any kind, was repealod. The position Reamed that Congress had no morel right to °must .'such re peat, was wad strange enough, and slogaisrly so in view of the teat that the argument came from those who openly refused obedience to existing Ines of the land, hariog the samo populist desig nation and quality se compromise sots.-any, morn, who trpoquivccally disregarded and boa demised tho moire poetise and obligatory intone. lions of this Constitution itself, and:sought, by meant, within their reach, to derive a portion of their fellow-oltisens of the equal enjoymout of those rights end privileges guaranteed - alike by alt the fundamentni camped of oueUnton. This argument against the repeal of the ant ate line in question, was eccompanied by &with er of congenial character, and equally with the former destitute of loundation in renion . ,and truth. • It was imputed that the measute origi nated in the oonception of • extending the limits of slave-labor beyond those provionely unsigned to it, and.that duch wan its natural as well as I intended effrott and these baselescassumfdions wore read°. in the northern Staten,l the ground of nneenaing assault upon constitutiolust. right.. The repent in terms of a statute; l which was already obsolete, and Aleh null for unconetitn. 'tonality, could have no toluene° to obstruct or to promoto tho propagation of conflicting views of political or roociat 'lostitutlon. When the sot organising the Territories of Kansas and fit:- breaks was peered, the inherent effect upon that portion of the'publio domain thus opened to Is gal settlement, was to admit settlers from all the Slates of the Union alike, each with his con vlotiona of public policy-::end private Interest, there to found: to their discretion, sobjeat to such limitations es'the Constitution and sots of Congress might prescribe, new Staten, hereafter to be admitted • into the Union. It was a free field, open alike to all, whether the stated* line of slammed reetriotton wore repealed or toot.— That repeal did,uot opOn to free competition of the diverse opinions emit domestio_institution a field, which, without ernolt repeal, >would have beep closed against them: it found the% flaw of competition already opened, in feet and in law. All the repeal did was to roller° the statute-book of an ithjectioiudile enactment, unconstitutional in effect, end injurious in terse to a large For lion of the States. ; ' • - le tt the fact, that, fain the unsettled regions ofthe United : Mates, lf emigration be left free to tat In Ms respect for itself, without legal prohibitions on tither :side, slave-tabor will 'von tenet:may, go everywheree, prefersoce to free abet la it the feet, that. the peculiar domestio itistitntiope of the Southern Stele° praises° rola• lively no Leah of vigor,that, : wherosoeveriin eve noe.ts freely open to all the world,they will pone trate. to the exolunion of those of the Northern States? Is it- tho feet, that the former enjoy, eonspared with the /atter, each Irresistibly supe rior vitality, independent of climate, soil, and all other actldental - olectimstances; as to he able to produce the eupposed reenit, in spite of the as maned moral and astpral obstacles to Bs 80001/2^ end of the -more rionsiseetia Opole dots of theNortherivetatut - ' " The argouctestrof tliesta,'lsho advo .te the en actment, of new lairs Or restrlottiO; gad, condedia eta repeal of, obi one,, la r.ffoot avers that thtlr Pantotgar *lairs of gem:anent have no aelf-ex tazidboror self suenining power of 'their own; and will go.. nowhere • unless (brood by net of Coongfretis...'At if Congress do bat paase.for a Moment In, the .:poliay of elera cocrtiont if It. venture to thy.thi6 experiment of leaving tnent.tu judge thee:tem...slits what Institutions will best them:Butt if It bo not strained up to perpetual legislative exertions: 'tin this: - point ; if Congress proceed thee to cot in , the tart' epirit of liberty,- it Is at clap charged vrith:4lming to extend slave la4r into all the new: Territories of the United Bates .. . , or tonne, thsea imputations oditio intentions of Congress in this respect, conceived no they were in prejndieoc and disseminated in 'melon, sn otter!: destitute of any justilleatiou in the nature of things ; and contrary to all the funds mental dectrincsand :principles of civil liberty •and aelfreernmatu. While herefore, in general, the people of the northern States bare never, at any time, arro• gated fel the federal 'government the,piever to interfere directly' with the domestic' condition of parsone in the southern States, baton the con trary - have disavowed all smell intendono, .and. have ehrunk, froni,oonapiettous ,affillation with Oboes few 'who 'parsec., their fanatical objects avowedly through the -contemplated moans of revolothmary change of ' the govitrunient, and with acceptalthe aplo necessary consequences— * civil d servile ifar—yet many citizens hare. engem , thintosebree'ta be drawn .Into one evan escent political lazes of agitation after another, upper Mug to • the - game set of opinions, and which tibaided aerspiolty as they arose when it came t be neon,. as It uniformly did, that they I were in ompatible with the compute of the Con atitutiodand the existence of tbe Union. Thus, when the lets of some of the Stated to nullify the oxisting extradition ,law imposed by Con gress the duty of passing a new one, the coun try was invited hysgitaters to enter into party organizatioit-for Its - repeal: but .that agitation speedily coated by reason if the impracticability of its *Nett._ Stiotheu the stunt° restriction upon the- bistlntlina of new. Stank by.a gees graphical line,' had bon - repealed; the °Wintry was urgodlo demaid Its. restoration, and that 1 project also almost With its. birth. Then followed the cry of alarm from the North against imputed southern. ;encroachments; which cry sprang in reality from the spirit of revolution ary attack on thO dotheatlo institutions of the B °°thi and, after al troubled existence of II few months, has been rebuked by the voice of a pa triotic people. - '..' • Of thLe teat agitetion, one lamentable feature was, that it was curried on at the Immediate, ex penes of the peisoo-and..happiness of the people of the Territory of K ansas .. That was made th e battle•lletd, not em switch of opposing factions or interests within Wolf, as of the oonflicting pas dons of the whole:poople of the United States. Revolutionary dieopferin Kenna had its origin in projects of intervo.ntiou r deliberately arrang ed.by certain members of that Congress, which enacted the law for the .organisation of the Territory. And when propagandist . colonl settee of Kansas had funs been undertaken in one section of the Union, for the systematic; promotion of its peculiar views of -policy, there enacted, as a matter of coarse, a counter-action with oppoeito views, in other sections of the Union.- • ' • li . In consequence of these andother Ineidents, many acts of disorder it is undeniable, have been perpetrated In Kauai's, to the occasional interruption, rather then the permanent szspen don, of regular go - moment Aggreeelee and most reprebensibioinountioras into the Territory were undertakeu,:loth In the North and the - Routh, and tutored it on its northern border by the way of lowa, as well as on the • eastern by way. of /Bocci:n.l; and there` bus existed within it a state of insurrection against the constituted tattle:Hier, not without countenance from incon siderate perilous in each of the great sections of the Unica. Bat the diffionitlea in that Ter ritory bore been extravagantly exaggerated for purposes of polities; agitation elsewhere. The number and gravity Glebe acts of violence hare teen magnified portly by statements entirely untrue, and portly by reiterated accounts of the same Tamer or facie. Thus the Territory has been seemingly Ailed with extreme violence, when the whole amount of ouch acts has not been greater than what occasiortally passes be fore 11.9 in Cagle cities to the regret of all good eltizene, but without being regarded as of gen oral or permanent political comanceace. • Imputed irregularities in the elections hail in Kenna, like occertional irregularities of tbo same description in the States. were beyond the sphere of action of the Eseentive. But inci dents of actual violence or of organizsd obstrue- Bon of lair, ptitisMi4Maky renewed from time to time, have been me; as they °courted, by rub means as were apg.,l4e and as the cireenutdati. 046 rcquired; and nnthmg of thlseharaater cow romaine to affect the general pesos of the Union. The. attempt of a part of ibe Inhabitants at the • Territory to eruct lb rveelutionory government, though eedolousij , suesuraged and supplied with Pecaßlal7 aid from ache igetila of disorder in come at the Stales, boa completely failed. Bodies of armed men, turtip oo tba Territory, Mme been prevented from entering or compelled to leave It. Predatory binds, engaged in acts of repine, under cereccf the existing political die turbansee, bane bean ;wrested or dispersed. And every well disposed person is now enabled came more to devote himself lw pence to the patentee of prosperous Indust', for the Fremont:on of which be undertook to Participate in the eeule• meat of the Territory. It affords me anmusgled satisfaction thus to announce - the peaceful condition of things In Eames, especially considering the mesas to which it was necessary to harem/unite far the attainment of the eaa, namely, the employment of a part of the .military force of the United States. The withdrawal of that Vireo from Its proper - duty of defending the ocantry against foreign fats or the ousts of the frontier, to employ it for the suppression of domestic In-, seureotion, Is, when the exigency ocean, et mat . ter of the edit tasted solicited*. On this co mbs' of Iniperallies.commeity it lino been done. with the best reetilte, sad my Wier/lotion In the; attainment of euh remits by inch means Le greatly enhanced' by , the odudderation, that, thrdigh the whiled and energy of the present Esectitive of KIITIMS, and the prudence, firm•; nets and:vigilante of the military officered" duty' there, tratiqoility lisa been restored without one : drop of blood Levin boon abed In its scum pliahment by the force. of the United States The restoration of comparative tranquility In . that Territory feeeithitittbe moan° of °beetling. eahnly,llll4 apprestatiog at theleJnat value, the. *mute whist( bore (recurred there, and the die., curious of which the government of the Toni- - tory has peon the enbject. We perceive the*-oontroversy concerning its, future deucedly iostitnlious wee loovitable; thnt no Kaman prndennr, no ft , rni of, legislation,' no; whaled on the part of alngresa, could have pre•' vented this. It hs idle to eapoce that the pairticuler pre. Thane of tilt urgeqie !err were the cause of. agitation Taos°. provieieen were bat the on, the pretext of en egitttbm, which was' inherent in the nature-el tWege. Congress leg. 'elated upon the stilioot to ouch term+ wore: moat unoaaneot trite. as principle popelle sovereignty whicli endorliud Our gon'onaroust. It could not hero !exhaled otherwise. Without. doing violence to,eccther fitatit prieciple of o 'petit:alone, the ihproscriptible right of equality of the serstol tlisded. We peelociev, .1041 that eettional interests and iirty posnieus, hip* beelithe groat Inopedimeet to the netatory operation of the organio princi pled adopted, and theohief cause of the maces. tire dieturtanoes fes Keane. The asetimption that, because in- the orgenization of the Terri. tortes of Nebruke , and Kann,' Congress!, ab stained from Impoctog restraints upon thereto which certain other. Territories had been subject, therefore disorders ocourred in the letter Terri tory, Is emphatically contradicted by the fact that none have °Charred in the former. 'Theio disorders were not the aoseqaence, In Kansas, of the freedom of altgovernment'coneeded to that Territory. by Congrens, but of alai Inter ference on the, part of pozoone not Inhabitants of the Territory. ' Such interference, wherever ( it has exhibited Well, by note of itunarreetionary ablireeter, or of °Nitration to preaseee of law, - ha been repelled or Suppressed. by all the means whioh the Constitutional/ the lawn piece In the bean of theZzetration. • In those pertsof the United Staley, by reason of tho hafinerd elite of the publio mind, false rdmore tot misrepresentations have the grue -1 tun curroney, It boa been Emanated that it was the duty of the li:contra not only to sup press insorrecUonary movements in Kansae, but aleo to eon to tho regularity of load eleaUens. It needs little argument to show that the I'reel; dent has no such power. All government in the' United States reale eubetautially upon popular election. The freedoin of elmtions is liable to be impaired by the intrusion of uolawfol votee, or the onolosion of lawful oats,' improper , luiloerioee, by vieltrose, or by fret; - But the people of the United States are thmteelves the all•snfUrient guardian' of their own rights; to aoppose that they will not remedy, In due season, coy such incidents, of civil freedom, Is to suppoep them to heart - °eased to bet:evade of ecittgovernment..., The Preeldent of the United Statei ton not potter to , interpose In oblations, to Noe ttrtheir freedom, to oat:vase their votes,or to Pasoan their legality to the Tenitotite more than In the States. If he had Boob power the govern ment might ho:republican in form, built would be a monateby in foot; and If be had nedertaken to exercise It In the ".mum of Kansas, he would have beenjostly enbjeet to the °barge of wino. Mtlim, odd of ileletion of the dearest rights of the people of the United States. - Unwise laws, eettally with ['regularities •t eleoUens, are, In periods of great ezeitentatd: gut °comicial incidents of even the freest and WI poltUeal inelitutiorie. Bet all experiencedemon• ghats' that in is - country lite ones, where the right of self—tiosiatitation exists lathe oompleteit form, the attempt to rowdy !limbo legislation . . Idr*Sisiiii to revolution: is 'totally 'tint of. PI"; ineminch as existing legal iostitutions afford more prompt and effioacietio means for the M oines of wrong. I confidently trust, that now, when the peaces. Dal condition of Kansas affor ds opportunity foe calm reflection and wise legislation, , either the Istillative assembly of the Territory, or Con stricts, will see that no act shill ' remain on its statute-book violative of the provisions of the Constitution, or subversive of the great object, for which that' as ordained and,eehiblished, and will take all other necessary ateps to assure to Its inhabitants the enjoyment, without obstrno tint or abridgment, of all the conetitational rights, privileges and immunities of citizens of the United Buttes, as contemplated by the "'- garlic law Of the Territory. . Full information in relation to recent eve in this Territory will be found in the documents communicated herewith from the Departments of State end War. I refer you to the report of the Seeretary of the Tingling for particular information concern ing tke financial condition of the government, and the various branches of the public service connected with the Treasury Department Daring the last fiseil4ear the receipts', from customs were, for the first time, more thin , sixtyrfone million of dollars, and from all sour , cee, eriventy-three million nine hundred and eighteendhonnand one handled and forty-ono Idolises; whiedi, with the Lisburne on hand up to the let of Jaly, 1856, made the total resources of the year to minuet to ninety-two million eight hal/dred and fifty thousand one hundred and seventeen dollars. The expenditures, including three million dollars in execution of the treaty with. Mexico, and excluding sums paid on ac count of the pnblio debt; amounted to sixty-mil lion one hundred and seventy-two gooneand four hundred and one dollars; and,becludlng the latter, to seventy-two million nine hundred and forty eight thonmnil seven Andrea and' ninety-two dollars, the payment on .this amount having 'mounted to twelve million seven hundred and seventy-air thousand three hundred and ninety dollars. Oa the 4th of March, 1853, the amount of the public debt was sixty-nlao million one hundred and twenty-nine thousand nine hundred and thirty-seven dollani There was a subsequent increase of two million seven hundred and fifty thousand dollars fur the did,' of Texas—making a total of seventy-one million eight kindred and einenty-nine thousand nine hundred and thirty seven dollars. Of this the sum of forty-five million five hundred and twenty-five thousand three hun dred and nineteen dollars, including premium, has been discharged, reducing the debt to thirty million seven hundred and thirtyseeven thousand one hundred and twenty-nine dollar,; all which might be paid within s year without embarras sing the public service, but being not yet doe, and only redeemable at the option of the bolder, cannot be proesed to payment by the govern— meet On examining the expenditures of the last five yearn, it will bo scan that the average, deduct ing payments on account of the publle debt and ten millions paid by treaty, to Mexico, bee been but about forty-eight million dollars. It it be lieved,that, under an economical administration of the government, the average expenditure for the ensuing five years will not exceed that sum, unless extraordinary occasion for its increase should emu. The fats granting bounty Linde will soon have been executed, while the extension of our frontier settlements will cause 'continu ed demand for limb. and augmented receipts; probably, - frem thatiource. These considers. Lions will justify a redaction, of the revenue from customs, so as not to exceed forty-eight or fifty million dollara. 1 think the exigency for each reduction bimperatice, and again urge it oponthe consideration of Congress. The amount of reduction, as well as th e man ner of affecting it, nro questions of great and general interest; it being, essential to industrial enterprise and tbo public prosperity, es well as the dictate of obvious justice, that the burden of taxation be made to reel as equally as possible upon all Masser, and n'l sections and interests of the country. I have heretofore recommended to year con sideration en revision of the revenue laws, pre pared under the direction of the Secretary of the Treasury,' and ides legislation upon name special qaestioue affecting the heehaws of that department, mere especially the enactment of e ID, to punish the abstraction of officio.' books or papers from the files of the government, and ro quir:eig all such books and papers and all other public property to be turned over by the out going officer to his suomesom of a law requiring disbursing officers to deposite all public money in the Vaults of die treasury er in other legal de pooitories, where the same are conveniently ac ceseible; and a law to extend existing penal pro violins to all persons who may become possessed of public money by deposits ;or otherwise, and who shall refuse or negleck.ou doe demand, to !pay the same into the treasury. I invite yonret , tendon anew to each cf home objneat The army during the past year has been to constantly employed against hostile Indians In various quarters, that it can scarcely be said, with prdpritty of language, to have been*s penile eatlialaravux Its duties have been estieisotorily pert rated , and we Love reason to expect, SO a rem t ot the year'e operations, greater security to Muller inhabitants than lambi= hitherto L i e mg ed . Estenalve enablitstlons among the hos - Indians of the Territories of Washington and ten = at ens - time threatened the denota tive f the newly-formed settlements of that re mote portion of the country. From recent in. formation, we are permitted to hope that the en ergetic and eaccessfal operations conducted there will prevent such combinations la future, smlsitente to Mein Territories an opportunity to make steady progress la oho development' of their agricultural sad mineral resources. Legislation biz been recommended by me on previous OCCPSIODI to arts defects in the ex isting crime's - Won, and to increase the efficien cy of the army, and farther observation hartint served to confirm me in the views then animas-a cd, and to enforce on my mind the eenviotion that such measures are not only proper but ne ces sa I lasery e,la addition, to' initite ' the attention of Congress to a change of policy In the distribus lion of troops, and to the necessity of providing • more rapid increase of the military armament. For detallsiOof these and other sobjecta relating to the army, I refer to the report of the Nine- , Amy of War.- The condition of the navy to not merely satin ; factory, but exhibits the meet gratifying evi dences of Increased vigor. Al it in comparative ly email, it to more important that it should be aa complete as poialble to all tho elements of strength; that it ebonld be efficient in the char acter of its officers, in the :eel and discipline of its men, in the reliability of its ordinance, and 14 the capacity of its ships. In all these var ious qualities the only hes made great progreas within the last few years. The execution of the law of Congieea, of February 28, 1855, "to pre. mote the effieleurry of the navy,". has been at tended by the meet advantageoue remelts. The law for promoting - diseipline among the men is found ceneenlent and salutary. The system of granting are honorable discharge to faithful sea men on the expiritien of the period of their en• listment, and permitting theca to re-Inlist after a leave of able:len of a few itonthe, withent ces. cation of pay, is , highly beneficial in its Intl n once. The apprentice system recently adopted ie evidently destined to Incorporate into the ter vice a large member °tour eonetrymen hitherto SO dithoult to procure. Several hundred Amer ican boys art now en a three yearn' cruise in oar national vessels, and will return well trained seamen. In the enthuse° department there ion 'decided and gratifying. indicatiou 'of progress I creditable to' it and to the country. The suggestions of the Secretary of the Navy, in re gard is teethe'. Imprevement in_that branch of the service, I commend to your favorable action. The'enewfrigates ordered byDongress are now afloat, and two of them In active eolith°. They ate superior models of navel arehitocture, and with their formidable battery add. largely to public strength and security. I cone= In the views expressed by the Secre tary of the Department In favor of a still farther increase of our natal force. The ryort of the &cuter, of the lutorlor presents acts and views to relation to internal oaten 0 or which the supervision of hie depart. moot oxt ii ads, of - much interest and imperial:me. The a greigate mica of. public lands , daring the hot fiscal year, amount-4o 0 r 2.2.7,878 acres; for whin has boon reaelind the sum of $8,821,- 414. Ditring the seine Retied there have boon looated,lrith military scrip and land atatraeth, and for other purpores, 80,100,230 acres, thus making total aggregate of 39,328,108 acres. On the 30th of September loot, surveys had been made of 16,873009 soros, a largo portion of 'thick Is ready fur market. - . The ouggestion in Ibis report in regard to the complication tired progressive expansion of Dm business of the bureaux of the depart ment; to the pot:mien cistern; to the ooloolvation of Indian tribes, find tbo rioommendations In relation to varidos improvements in the District of Columbia, are mopeds'!" ootomortdo4 to per oonalderallon. - 'The report of the Pectutaster General presents fully the condition of that department of the government,' Its expendlturra for the butt fiscal year, were ton million four - hundred and nevelt thousand eight hundred and atsty-elght dollars; and Its gross receipts seven noggins h un d re d and twenty thousand eight hundred and one doltra—malting an eittese of expenditure over receipts of two million seven hundred and eighty seven thousand 'and forty Ms dollars. The de ficiency alibis deputmentja thus seven handred and fortplonr thousand donate greater than far the Year ending June- 30, 1003. Of this den- . ciency, three hundred and thirty thousand dol len Is to be ettributeil-to the additional toompen• gallon allowed poetmeiters by the ant of Con vies Of . June 22, . 1804. The total flufillties In every port of the country hare . been very much Increasedde that period, and the large addition of ridireek service, mounting' . to 4816.11 thou laid nine' loutdred sod eight, miles, hie added Largely to the cost of trump:mitten. The be:lowed' male augmentation of the in come of the Post Office Department under the redtesell rates of restage, end its increasing ex penditures, moat, for the present, make It de pendent to some extent upon tho beaury for support. Tho recommendations of the Post Master general, in relation to the abolition of the franking privilege, and his views en the es tablishment of mail eteemship liner, deserve the considoratien of Congrers. F also call the spe cial attention of Congress to the etatement of the Postmaster General respecting the sates now paid for the transportation of mails to the Panama Railroad Company, end commend to their early and lfayorable consideration the sug gestions of that officer in relation to new con tracts for mail 'transportation upon that route, and also upon the Tehuantepec . and Nicaragua rodes. • The United States continue in the enjoyment of ansioeble relations with all foreign powers. When my last annual messagewae transmitted to Congress, two subjects oftiontrovem, one relating to the enr)tment of sol diers In this couss try for foreign service, and the other to Cent:fel America, threatened to disturb good understand- ; tag between the United States and Great Britain. Of the progress Soil terminatio n b of the former. question youwere informed at e time; and the other is now_ in the way of eitistsetory edjust merit. ' . The object of the conventionibetween tbe Uni ted States and Gent Britain ef the 19th of April 1850, was to secure, for the iberiefit of all nit lions, the neutrality and the common use of any transit way, or interoceanie communication, across the isthmus of Panama, which might be opened within the limits of Central America.— The pretension subsequently asserted by Great Britain, to dominion or control over territories, in or near two of the routii, 'those of Nicaragua and Bonder:se, were deemed,by the United States not merely inoompatible with the main object of the treaty, but opposed even to its express stip ulations. Occasion of controversy on this point has been removed by an additional treaty:which our minister at London has concluded, and which will be immediately submitted to the Senate for its consideration. Shdeld the propo sed supplemental arrangemenaLe concurred in by all the parties to be affected by it, the objects contemplated by the original convention will have been folly attained. The treaty between the United States mg Great Britain, of the Gth of June. 1851, which went into effective °Forst:ma in 1855, pat an end to causes of irritationbetween the two coun tries, by securing to the United States the right of fishery on the coast of the British North American provinces, with advantages equal to theft enjoyed by British it:objects. Besides the. signal benefits of this treaty to a large close at our eitinna engaged in a pursuit connected to no Inconsiderable degrke with our national pros perity and strength, it hashed a favorable emir upon other interests in the provision it made fof reciprocal freedom of trade between the United States and the British provinces in America. I The exports of domestic articles to those pro-' slimes daring the last year amounted to more than twenty-two millions of dollers, exceeding those of the preceding year bys . nearly scion millions of dollars; and the imports therefrom, daring the same period, amountedlo more than twenty-one millions,—en lacrosse of Six millions upon those of the previous, year. The Improved condition of this branch of oar commerce is mainly attributable to the above mentioned treaty. Provision was made, in the first artieleof that treaty, for a commission to deßigllitte The mouths of rivers to which the common right of fishery, en the coast of the United States and the British Provinces, was not to extend. This commission I has been employed a part of two seasens, but without much progress in acoomplising the object for which It was institated, in consequence of a eerie= difference of opinion between the COM misaionere, not only as to the precise point where the rivers terminate, bat in many instances :to to what coastlines a river. These difficulties, however, may be overcome by insert to the um pirago provided for by the treaty. The efforts perseveringly pro - scouted since the commencement of my =ministration, to relieve our trade to the Betio front the exaction of sound dues by-Ditmark, have not yet been at tended with success. Other governments have also sought to„obtain a like relief to their com merce, and Danmark was thus induced to pro pose =arrangement to all the 'Europese:Powers interested in the sulject; and the manner in which her proposition was received, warranting her to believe that a satisfactory arrangement with them could soon be concluded, she made a strong appeal to this government (or temporary enseneirn of definite action on its part, in can eideration of the ember moment which might , resettle her European negotiations by au imme diate adjustment of the question with the United' ' States. This request has been =waded to, upon the condition that the sures collected after the 16th of Jane last, and until the IGth cifJnne next, front vessels and cargoes belonging to our merchants, are to be- considered as paid under protest and subject to future adjustment There is reason to believe that an arrangement, . be. tween Denmark and the maritime pooers of Europa on the eubjerd, will be-soon concluded, and that the pending negotiation with the United States may then be resumed and terminated In a satisfactory manner. With Spain no new difficulties have arisen, nor has mach progress been made in the ad j astment af pending ones. Negotiations entered Bats far the purpose of relieving our commercial intercourse with the Island of Cuba of some of iteburdeas, aqd pro viding for the more speedy settlement of local disputes growing oat of that intercourse, bare not yet been attended with any results. Soon after the commencement of the late war in Europe, this government submitted to the consideration of all maritime nations, two prin ciples for the security of neutral commerce: one, that the neutral flag eh:mid - cover enemies' goods except articles contraband of war ; and the other, that neutral property on board ma , chant vessels belligerents should be exempt from condemnation, with tbo exception of con traband articles. These were not presented es now rules of international law; having been gen erally claimed by neutrals, though not always admitted by belligerents. One of the parties to the war—Bussia--aa well as.several neutral powers, promptly acceded to those propositions; and the two other principal belligerents, Great Brintinand France, having consented to observe them for the present occasion, a favorable op portunity seemed to be presented for obtaining a general recognition of them both In Europe and AMU:TICS. Bat Great Britain and Prerice, M common with most of the states of Europe, while for. bearing to reject did not afarmativelyWot upon the overtures of the United States. While the question was In this poeition, the representatives of RUSILS, France, Great Britain, Auetrls, Prussia, Sardinia and Turkey,' &mem bled at Paris, took into consideration the att. ject of maritime rights, and put forth a declare. Gen containing the two principles which this government had submitted, nearly two years before, to the consideration of maritime powers, and adding thereto the following propositiens-- "Prieateering is and remains abolished," and "Blockades, in order to be binding, mutt be ef fective,' that is to gay, maintained by a forte, sufficient really, to prevent mamas to the coast or the enemy;" and to the declaration thus com posed of four points, two of which had already been proposed by the United States, this govern ment hoe been incited battened°, by all the pow ers-represented at Pairs,Asexcept Great Britoin and Turkey. To the last of the two additional propositions--that in relation to blockades--there can certainly bo no objection. It is merely tho dofiaition of what dad constitute the effectual investment of a blockaded place, a definition for which this government hos always contended, claiming indemnity for losses where a practical violation of the rule thus defined bas been imita tions-to oar commerce. As to the remaining artiole of the declaration of the conference of Paris,' "that primate:ring is and remains abol iahOd,"—l certainly cannot ascribe to tho pow. 4s represented in tbo conference of Paris, any bat 'liberal and philanthropia views in the at tempt to change. the onqueutionable rule of maritime law in regard to privateering. Their proposition wee doubtloso interided.to imply ap. preys! of the prioolple that private property upon the ocean, although It might belong to the citizens of a belligerent tante, should be exempt. od from capture; and had that' proposition been so framed no to give full effect to the principle, itoronld have recoiled my- ready sestet on be half of the United States. • lint the measure propelled is Inadequate to that purpose. It is true, that if adopted, private property upon the ocean would he withdrawn from ono mode of plunder, but lett exposed, meanwhile, to another mode, : which could :be used with increased effectiveness.- . The aggreg ates capacity or great naval powers - would be thereby augmented. while the defensive ability of others would be reduced. Though the aura render of the lumina of proaecnting hoetilitities by employing privateers, as proposed by the conference or Parts, is mutual in terms, yet, in praotioal effeot, It would be the relinquishmentof • right of little value to one oboe of agates butof heeentlal importance to another and a fa; Jargon:dux. It (night not to halftime° anUciptte that a measure, so Inadequate to the affoomplisk. meat of the proposed object, awl so einequalito trit•operation, would receive the *silent of all maritime powers. Private property would-be Mill loft; to the depredations et the ppm ) armed cruisers. I have expressed a readiness on the part of this government, to accede to all thOptinoiplett contained in the declaration of the conference of Parir, Provided that relating to the abandon ment of priveteering can-be so amended as to effect the object for which, as lapresumed, it was intended, the immunity of private propriety on the ocean from hostile capture: To effect this object, it is proposed to add - totim declaration that t , 'priveteliting la end reigns abolished,'; the following ; amendment: hand thit the pm vote property of subjects anitiltltens of a bet: ligermat me the high mar, shell be exempt from seizHme by the public armed omelet of the other belligerent, except it be contraband." This amendment hart been presented not only to the powers_ which have asked our assent to the dec— laration to abolish printeming, but to all other maritime states. Thus far it has not been re imamd by any, and is fsvorably entertabzed by all which have made nor communication In reply. • Several of the governments% regarding with favor the proposition of the United States, bare delayed definite action upon it, only for the par se:n of consulting with others, parties to the conference of Paris. I have the, satisfaction of stating, however, that the. Emperor of Russia has entirely and explicitly approved of that mo dification, and will eo-operato in eridesvoring to obtain the assent of other powers; and that As sure:see of a eiediar purport have been received -- in relation to the diepoeition of the Emperor of the French. The prcsent aspect of this important subjeot allows eta to cherish the hope that a principle so humane in its character, so just and equal in its 'opetation, so essential to the prosperity Of com mereial and so consonant to the senti ments of this enlightened period of the world, - will command the approbation of all rwarithiso powers, and thus be incorporated Into the code of international lam - - My views on the subject are more folly set forth in the reply of theßeeratary of State, a copy of which la herewith transmitted, to the communication on tbe eableot made to thle ger ernment, especially to the communication of France. . - The government of the United States has at all time regarded with friendly interest the oth 'or States of Amerioe, formerly, like this roan.‘ try, European colonies, -end now independeat members of the meat family of nation. ;But the unsettled condition of some of them, attract. oil by frequent revolutions, and thus Mespeble of regular and firm internal adralebstration, has tended to embarrass occasionally our pi:LIAM in. tercet:me, by,reason of wronge which our citi zens staffer at their hands,. and which they are slow to retires. • Unfortunately it is apnea the Republic of Nexioo, with _which it le our special desire to maintain a good understanding, that sztel nom plaints are zooid Munerouse and although earn estly urged upon its attention, they bare *Was yet received the considention which this govern ment had n right .to expect. • While reparation foi past lejmiealiati been withheld, others have been edded. - The political . condition. of-that country, however, hart been isuch - as to demand forbearance on the pit of the United Staten. I shalt continue my efforts to Tracers for the - wrongs of our citizens that redreaa which is in dispensable to the continued friendly association of the two republics. - The peculiar condition of affairs in Nicaragua in the early part of the prevent year, rendered it - important that thin_ government should hare diplomatio relations with that State. Through its territory had been opened one of the princi pal thoronghfaree norms the isthmus connecting North and -South America, - on which emit amount of property was transported, and to which our citizens resorted in great numbers, in passing between the Atlantic and Pacific nests of the United Sane. The protection of both required that the existing power In that Mate should be regarded as a responsible governmen4 and its minister was soconingly received.. Bat he remained here only a short time. Soon thereafter the political affairs of Nicaragns un derwent unfavorable change; and became. to voicedremeh`uncertainty and tessafttaion. Diplomatic repr sentatives from two contending - parties bare been recently sent to this govern ment; but, with the imperfect information pose seemed; it was not possible to decide ',width wee the government deface; and, awaiting . Rather developements, I have refusarnmeeive either. Questions of the most urine nature are pend ing between the United States. end New Grana da. The government of that republic under tooh„ a year duce, to impose tonnage duties on foreign vessels in her ports, but the purpose was resisted by this government, as being contrary to existing treaty stipulation with the United Staten, and to rights conferredby charter Open the Panama Railroad Company, and was accord ingly relinqelsbed at that time, it being admitted Mat our vessels were entitled to be exempt from tonnage duties in the free ports of Panama and AlpinwalL Bat the purpose has been recently revived, on the part of New Granada, by the , en actment of a law to subject ,09130111 visiting her - ports to the tonnage duty of forty touts per ton; _ and, although the law baa not been put in force, yet the right to enforce it ie stiltanertod, and may, at any time, be echelon by the government of that republic. The Converts of-New Grenada -bas also ease- teil a lay, during the last year; whion biles a tax of more than three dollars on every pound of mail matter transported over the .1411 nm". The sum thus regained to pepaid on thentallsef the United States would be nearly two /Meals of dation annually, in addition to the luge *ark payable by contract to the Panama Railroad Co. If the only objection to thitexaelion were the exorbitant:7 of its amount, it could not be sub mitted to by the United States. The imposition ot It, however, would obvious: ly contravene our treaty with New Granada" and infringe the contract of that republic with Panama Railroad Company. The law providing for tele tax was, by its terms, to take effect on the first of September last, but„the local au thorities on the isthmus lugviP Been induaed to suspend its executions and to await farther in ctructiou on the enbjeet from the government of the repubilo. I am not yet advised of the determination of that government. If a Mut ore so extraordinary In its character, and ea clearly contrary to treaty stipulations, and the contract rights of the Panama Railroad Comps.; np, composed mostly of Ainsticain eitizensothonid be persisted In, it will be the duty of the United States to resist its execution. I regret exceedingly that ormaTion exists to invite your attention to's. subject of etal graver import in our relations with the republic of New Grated& On the 15th day of Apra laat,s riotous assemblage of the inhabitants of Panama committed a violent and outragecme attack on- the premises of the railroad coMpany, and the passengers and other persona in or near the elms, involving the death of several Milieus of the United. States, the .pillage of many other% and the destruction of a large amount of prop-i erty belonging to the railroad company. I caused full Investigation of that event to 1* made, and the result shows satisfaototily that, complete responsibilityfor what occurred attach-'• os to the government of New Granada. I have,: thereforo,demanded of that government GAYA* perpetrators of the wrongs in question' ellitubt be psmished; that provision should be made for the families of citizens of the United States litho were killed, with fun Indemnity for the proper- L Sy pillaged or destroyed. - - The pmsent condition of the Isthmus ; of Tan: ama, in so far es regards thiasecerity of persons . and property passing over it, reqtdrea merlon consideration. Recent ineldente tend to show that the local authorities cannot be relied onto . maintain the medinpeace of Panama, and there • to just ground for apprehension that a portion of thelshabitsnts are meditating farther outragett, without adequate mensurei for the snowily amt protection of poisons or property haying been taken, either by the State of Panama tit, Pith* general government of New Granada! - - Nonni thegauantiotaf treaty. cinema of, the tinned litotes huh by the outlay of Bernal Winans a dot Wu, conalymoted a railroad sat. the Jahume; and it tau Ono ; canto the main unto bet.. • cur • Minutia and Paella tomedona. ova which inoltUudee of our Menem- and a, mat amount abraorty are mostantly toeing—to. the • aecoulty and protection oral which, sad the ceutittunnot, of the sold. advantages hocolved./t. 4impoeihlefor ,- goverutloat of too Paned amt. to be iadutereoh• fa l gtiall ' o hm ito lh tLiVatg " Too l lia m t r e I=l duty to station • put of otr local forci ia then:sham; - 'ofPamma and derboati.th order torotatthe perm. and property of J. clUsensof the Oultad States In the. • - Path sod to fume Loth= his inumot lama the loth-- mu. And it wuald. to Mitudinst c , to online to with draw the Maui 421111 on., In .those moth until. nr itu oPoloteneang action of the. rennin Of N. Oranadm or '- • otherwise, mina adequata.arnanerement atoll bare bum made thelprotern. and 'amity at a Itho .1 =tn. amnia ammimicatlon m Important St One Otago ant. the United Mate* only, bat to all other anal lime Inatee of Europe and *manta.. litsanwhilte negotiate. hem footnoted by mina of • special amayiaalom to obtain P. New Granada fan" indemnity Mrinjuries rustalami by ou 'att.. on lb. lattoom*.aad santhotary leartity tarthegeherallatotteta to addreeetnit to YOU What . axonal mantis, the gel. ,radon amp to me an opplototata one tn.:toren my cow /Mutations in any of tbahosea. •gruno. feinntr whlth the United States now puma and mu.. To poll M. to the atone of the radon dept ar lb eyr ammo.. and a all the gnat arches the =bin eer• vice. den and mint., in order to .ftlo of "thaintuip, cam and nu 111 111 puya th e wholeomula beta 11410.1. by 1.11 MI admialetrattmoondttlon or the anittor. MY the bouhdal sEecte of "that.eco stir tenaal web.. Nor co ool& ft add. to tay that tto Sin mon it actually St - pea at Mao aud abroad; not tu &atrial note.. ere proeogroum that this awns etas - manners whitens every aug sad (no_ tm. W. la mareniug feteonlY m. 0.. congaed of the coutionog tbat cit., and ooeutou Stat. • eluingiout oth and If o) enthautmentarina Wm , *four western Mt.. aud that U. laccrutwee man/ 0 T:-- tenpin la math. eft.. Vaned Mau" tire mat re. Pottle of the 'world. These mate haer not tem attained without twang through trials and loran bY antertence ntnnilheadtholoain bantan Into manbotd. Our foomthem ware trabod to the w _ at. and the moussessoda. ladepannago, by the etremourtameewbfa surroombol nou s sod May vatellom made o•pstd• of•b• =Won 0,04 MI:NW it ducg.4 co the next tion to conaolidate thaw:Olaf that.- elution. to doing the...try outing from the inthornao • onwuntnciag tnuraulantio ar which um.. to our ado anti reeoluttoo= c ' sad to mousing U. at. timattataile et. jogai inati=43= l 4. • To sob teen grottos, tsmains the lilt ins noble tub of wain and ...inn the ram oft. hatted Staten cWe nook ;"- at leugAM ruched that t o of Us nattonat- carom obi. a T onto be entountanal...d thaegultang • • to to mode. nd th e Instdanth not of waintegollyot ef • Enn 'n'tn• nur landau re aro hereto autumn our power to the boa buoy sandhi uotbersintobkica &Meta and. to plus torraltratta the adagios ands . ota. djualty of right by thvolde ot the usateet • wulthkat ef lb* kUlpitte ofnuropc... in our iii=g4oo I l ea. Wyatt& We hi. to mod a.inst the aback ot the Ma. • • =nut,. ttio gmbitkos. tee. thtatortm mut tha ernmatite' tberidariNsMitlauistErsingir iguanas of - apintom arafactiom which Sr. U. natural modal of &be brew. Political elevate.. the mthwatianee sad the mule. Mat ' ' uI • .ato arum Tema of Do fanned nat.. • • • • -:" / pews to warm.* the Data. Irma InNulf inueeallory and retire to prints lib with eeitUrgento of Mnfoun p a a ll rzo. to Use gond the country through taxa y diehard., domastie and N. go; and to tumble tooth "eoutm the specterie or , atonable and tomesctfal rant.. mourn oaye end Wk -- - other innarnmeotir. utd tboattabilabsomitolconattOtqnso at =tar and trammtlltythungtooot the PP VIP rti PLIIHOL' lIGUSTINE 1 LIOUGUNNE, . 1 , 7 E6 Er' rimzdurvfvzrotow But., ?Haim 071071.: DY.A Tao of am Oita toilatotm ItANIL STOCK roa. stuirat :- atilieS DOVOlita Duar Moat. = s sua UMW. No. 921itarth
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers