THE SCRANTON TRIBUNE-WEDNiD AY, MAY 23, 1900.
5
HOW PRESIDENTS
WERE NOMINATED
PRESENTATION OF CANDI
DATES IN rillST ELECTIONS.
Congrosalonal and Stato Legislative
Caucusos Proccdod National Con-vontions-Tlio
-'Great Bovolt"
Against tho Formor in 1824-Fa-vorito
Sons Rocommonded by Cau
cuses of Stato Legislatures and
Mass Mootlngs.
Frnk J. warnc In Philadelphia Ledger.
Tho coming national convention of
the Republican party, to bo held In
this city In June, will ho tho twelfth
In tho history of that purty. The
first was held In this city, June 1, 1858.
John C. Fremont, of California, and
William L. Dayton, of New Jersey,
were nominated for president and vice
president, respectively.
The first national convention of any
political party In the United States
was held In this city In September,
1830, by tho antl-Masonp. There were
present nlnety-slx delegates, repre
senting ten of tho twentv-four states
then In the Union. Without making
nominations, tho body called a second
convention, to meet In ltaltlmorc In
September of the year following. At
this convention William Wlrt.of Mary
land, was nominated for tncsldciit, and
Amos nilmakor of Pennsylvania, for
Moe-presldent. The lnltlntle was
followed by the national republican
party, which also met in Baltimore In
j)ccembcr of the same year Its nomi
nees were Henry Clay, of Kentucky,
for president, and John Seigeant, of
Pennsylvania, for vice-president. A
national comentlon of young Repub
licans. In Washington In May of tho
year following, endorsed tho nomina
tion of Clay. It also passed a set of
resolutions the first platform of prin
ciples adopted by any national con
vention. Baltlmoie was .also the place
of holding the first national Democrat
ic convention. It mot in May, 1S32,
concurred in the repeated nominations
of Andrew Jackson, of Tenne&se, for
re-election to the presidency, and
nominated Mai tin Van Huron, of New
York, for tho vice-presidency.
NO NOMINATIONS IN FIRST POUR
ELECTION'S.
Prior to the election of 1S32, with the
exception of tho first four elections,
presidential candidates were presented
by congressional caucus and bv cau
cuses of state legislatures. In the first
election, that of 1TS9, there were no
formal nominations, in fact no nomi
nating machinery was In operation
until the election of 1S0J. Political
parties as we now know them had not
come Into existence at the time of tho
first election, and what parties differ
ence of opinion had given rise to were
agreed upon, making George Washing
ton, of Virginia, the chief executive of
the new government. His services to
..he countiy In the hour of Its greatest
need had been so conspicuous that
theie was a general understanding he
was to be Its first president. He re
ceived etry electoral vote cast, being
tho only president In our history to be
so honored. Washington and Adams
were re-elected In 1792 without formal
nomination, Washington again receiv
ing every electoral vote cast.
Washington's refusal .to serve a third
term marks conspicuously tho working
of thrse forces which gave to us nomi
nating machineiy. Ho was the only
statesman who could be unanimously
elected to tho high office of president,
an 1 when he was no longer to be con
sidered for that poiition the leaders at
once became diided in choosing Ms
successor. In tho election of 1796 thw
elfftors voted for thirteen men no
distinction being made at that time in
the votes cast for president and thosi?
for vice-president the five highest be
ing Adams with 71 otcs. Thomas Jef
ftison CS, Thomas Plncknov 59. Aaron
Burr SO and Samuel Adams 15. This
resulted In the election of John Adims,
n Federalist, for president, and Jeffer
son, a Republican, for vice-president.
Such a state of affairs is Impossible
now through an amendment to the
constitution.
THE RISE OF PARTIES.
Since Washington's first term two
political parties had been forming
along well tleflned, but opposing prin
ciples of government. Tho first im
petus to the formation of these parties
grew out of the quarrel between Ham
ilton and Jeffeison, both members of
Washington's cabinet, the former as
secretary ot the treasury and the lat
ter as secretary of state. Ry the
election of 1S00 these parties were con
testing with each other for control of
the government through the election
of one of their number as president.
Each party soon found necessary some
means for settling disputes among
themselves as to tho presidential can
didate. In the Federalist party there
was a strong element opposed to the
re-election of Adams, To overcome
this oposltion a secret meeting of the
party leaders, who were usually mem
bers of congress, was held at the capl
tol. No formal nominations were
made. In the same year the Republi
cans In the senate and house also
found party conditions such as to ne
cessitate a conference of the leaders,
the conditions being opposition to
Aaron Burr for a Ice-president. The
Republicans were united on Thomas
Jefferson, of Virginia, for the picsl
dency. THE CAUCUS SYSTEM.
These secret meetings In 1800 paved
the way for the Introduction of the
caucus system of nominating candi
dates for president and vice-president.
The caucus was as old as the charters
of many of the original thirteen states.
"It was through the agency of cau
cuses," says Professor John Bach Mc
Master, in his history of the people of
the United States, "that the revolu
tion was begun, that the first congress
was assembled, that independence was
declared, that the confederation was
formed, that war was carried on, that
the way was made ready for the fram
ing of the constitution. And it was
by the caucus that Hamilton sought
to defeat Adnms." In writing on the
caucus system of nominating candi
dates tho same writer says: "In
many of the states the custom of se
lecting the party candidates In a cau
cus of the party members of the legls
lature was not unknown. But not till
1804 was tho custom formally applied
to tho selection of candidates for fed
eral offices. In that year a few of tho
Republican senators and representa
tives at Washington called a caucus?
to meet on the 25th of February in the
capltol." This caucus wis praldd
over by Stephen R. Bradley, of Ver
mont, and was held more for the pur
pose of deciding upon a candidate for
vice-president than for president, us
Burr's notion in contesting with Jef
ferson for tho presidency when the
election was thrown Into tho house
the previous election had placed him
In disfavor with a large majority of
his party. Jefferson was nominated
for re-election by acclamation. Oeorge
Clinton, of New York, was selected by
ballot as the party's candidate for
vice-president. The conduct of tho
election was given over to a commit
tee of one from each state. Opposed
to Jefferson and Clinton, the Federal
ists supported Charles C. Plnckney, of
South Carolina, and Rufus King, of
New York, though they were not form
ally nominated.
James Madison, of Virginia, was
formally nominated In 180S, and unani
mously renominated In 1812 by tho con
gressional caucus of Republicans, held
In Washington. His running mate for
vice president In 1S0S wns Geoige Clin
ton, of Now York .and In 1812 El
brldge Geny, of Massachusetts, both
of whom were formally nominated In
caucus. In 1810 James Monroe, of
Virginia, wns nominated by the caucus
for president, and Daniel D. Tompkins,
of New York, for vlce-piesldcnt. In
1820 tho Republicans moile no formal
nominations In caucus, the party being
almost a unit In favor of the re-election
HON. W. J.
"' -" " WWPWW W I P ! Ill
This is a new portrait of the Honorable V J. Samford, of Opelika, who will head tho
Demo"ratlc state ticket In Alabama. The conven'lon when the nominaMon was made was
most harmonious and .Mr. Samford's election is predicted b all the Democratic IcaJers.
of Monroe, as Is shown by the electoral
vote, all but 1 of tho 232 votes being
cast for him for president. Tho one
was cast for John Quincy Adams, of
Massachusetts, by one of tho New
Hampshire idectors, who gave as his
reason that he wished Washington to
bo the only preldent to recele an
unanimous election. During thesd
years no formal nominations were
made by tho Federalists. After tho war
of 1S12 this party lost much of its In
fluence. REVOLT AGAINST CONGRESSION
AL CAUCUS.
In 1824 occurred tho "great revolt"
In the Republican party, or rather In
the Democratic party, as the party of
Jefferson was now called, against the
caucus system. It had never found
favor with the Federalists, and had
always been more or less opposed by
some of tho Republicans. Because of
this opposition only elghty-nlno of tho
139 Republican members of tho sena'e
and houso attended the caucus of 180S.
In that of 1812 out of 133 entitled to be
present fifty absented themselves for
one cause or another. The principal
objection to the system was that it
was unconstitutional, thoe apposing It
claiming that the constitution made It
plain that the president was to fa
chosen bj' electors selected as the
legislatures of each state determined.
For a caucus to dictate to these elec
tors whom they should vote for was
an usurpation of power. Those favor
lng the caucus claimed that the system
was adopted out of necessity, "from a
deep conviction of the importance of
union to the Republicans throughout
all parts of the United States in the
present crisis of both our external and
Internal affairs, and as belnrr tho most
practicaoio mode of consulting and re-
opeciing me interests ana wisnes or
all upon a subject so truly Inteiestlng
to the whole people of tho United
States." In making the recommenda
tion for president and vice president,
they said, the members of the caucus
acted only In their individual char
acters as citizens. By 1S1C popular
feeling against "congressional dicta
tion" wns shown in numerous meet-
I ..it,.-! in uiui'iciii ixiris oi mo country
iiiuii-.-imig against tne caucus.
STATE LEGISLATURES PRESENT
CANDIDATES.
One form In which this opposition
to the congressional caucus manifest
ed Itself was the state legislative cau
cus, which bean to be held In some of
the states as early as 1803. These
caucuses were called before tho con
gressional caucus, and they usually
expressed preference for certain men
practically nn Instruction to their
representatives as to whom they should
support for president in the con
gressional caucus. About 1818 tho con
vention method of nomination began
to supersede the caucus system, amon
the first state conventions being thos
held In Pennsylvania In that year by
the Republicans (Democrats) and Fed
eralists, the former at Harrisburg und
the latter at Carlisle.
The election of 1824 marks the end
of "King Caucus." By this time the
presentation of "favorite sons" by cau
cuses of state legislatures and In
meetings and conventions of various
kinds had become quite general, Hen
ry Clay, of Kentucky, was nominated
for president by the legislatures of
Kentucky, Missouri, Illinois, Ohio and
Louisiana. Andrew Jackson, of Ten
nessee, was presented by the General
assembly of that stato and by conven
tions and mass meetings of various
kinds In different parts of the coun
try Jackson was nominated by ac
clamation In the Pennsylvania Re
publican (Democratic) convention at
Harrisburg li March. The candi
dacy oi John Quincy Adams, of Mas
sachusetts, was endorsed by the
legislatures ot Maine, Vermont, New
Hampshire nnd Connecticut. The
name of John C. Calhoun, of South
Carolina, was submitted by the
legislature of his own state and
that of W. II. Crawford, of Geor
gia, by the legislatures of Vir
ginia and Georgia. The candidacy of
DeWItt Clinton, of New York, was
wupported in county conventions and
mass meetings in Ohio nnd other
states.
THE DEATH OF "KINO CAUCUS."
All these nominations showed the
general dislike to the congressional
caucus. Despite this, however, and
the warnings of many leaders ot the
Republican (Democratic) party, the
friends of Crawford had a call Issued
for a congressional caucus "to recom
mend candidates to tho people of tho
United States for tho ofTlces of presi
dent and vlco president of tho United
States." This call was signed by six
Senators and five representatives from
eleven states. After taking a census
of tho members on the subject a card
was published, signed by twenty-four
senators and representatives from fif
teen states, In which It was claimed
that out of the 101 senators and repre
sentatives, 181 deemed It Inexpedient
to hold a caucus. Nevertheless, the
caucus wan held, and was attended by
sKty-six m nbe a re present! nr si- I
?i 1PJ. m.w . i.V."n.-- i
r.."a ',r': :','... J".,:"
tho union, a large majority of thoso
present being from New York, Vir
ginia, No.'th Carolina and Georgia.
The nomination wns made by ballot,
Crawford receiving 61 votes, Adams 2,
Jackson 1 and Nathaniel Macon 1.
SAMFORD.
For vice pr.-sldent Albeit Gallatin, of
Pennsylvania, lecoived 57 votes,
Erastus Root, of New York, 2, and
s. veil others 1 each.
The caucus was made an Issue In
the campaign. Crawford, Its nominee.
barelV miSSed hplnir the InWeSt Of the 1
four candidates voted for by the elect-
ors, and he succeeded by only four
votes In being ono of the candidates
when tho election came up In the
House. The electoral vote was Jack
son 99. Adams 84, Crawford 41 and
Clay 37. No candidate received a ma
jority of the votes cast, and the elec
tion was thus thrown Into the Houses
of Repiesentatives. Tho result was
Adams's election, due principally to the
support of Clay. The eleetoial vote
had made Calhoun vice president by a
large majority.
STATE
CONVENTIONS
PRECEDE
NATIONAL.
The election of 1821 saw the last of
tho Congressional caucus for nominat
In candidates for president and vice
president. At first this system regis
tered tho real will of the people, but In
Its later life it attempted, and suc
cessfully, too, at times, to dictate the
mni'l'at" to the people. Th's was
the cause of Its downfall. In the elec
tion of 1S2S tho candidates, Jackson and
Calhoun and Adams and Rush, were
placed before tho people by caucusen
of State Legislature and by county and
stato conventions and by meetings of
various kinds held In nearly every
state In the union. All but two of the
states, Delaware and South Carolina,
now selected their presidential electors
through meetings of the people Instead
of appointment by the legislatures.
The congressional caucus had been
overthrown for all time, and It was not
long afterwards when the state legls
lathe caucus had to go the same way.
The people were beginning to take tho
selection of electors and the choosing
of a president and vice president Into
their own hands through these mass
meetings nnd state conventions, for
which latter regularly chosen dele-
gates became the custom, it wa hut
a step from stato to national conven
tions of the political parties, and in the
election of 1S32 wo find tho latter
adopted as the medium of presenting
candidates. With very few exceptions
since then it his been the political
organ for registering the choice of the
parties for president and vice-president.
The Roundabout Way.
"You hse thif brothers, ncn't jou?'
he
Inquired.
"Vf," hc an-wtnd. "Why?"
"Oh, I as Just woiidtrltiR i( jou would like
to make me a fourth."
"I'm try sorry," she replied, "hut I will be
wife to jou." Philadelphia North American.
The Man with the Hoe.
Till'. OTHKK SIDK.
I.o, here I tand, the tndepmdent man,
The first o( men, who )on, when Time was
ounjr,
Py strength rf arm, from Nature's niggard Krasp,
And necdlul things lor those who looked to me,
And donn the laggiug ages subtle brains
lle multiplied Imrntions numberless,
IM1 and good, hut none to supersede
lly trmtj hoe. While thrones hae risen and
gone
To darknes, It shines brighter than of yore
When forged by Tubal cain.
i
V bookworms pale,
Why point at my slant brow and mgijed hsndsf
Why uondcr at my shoulders bnt and wry
When on me rest the burden of the world
With jour own feeble aehcsT Great Atlas I,
Kings, nobles, millionaires, all hang on me,
I, sell sufficient, hae no need of themj
Ihey, should I leave them, soon would start e
and die.
Ye pinched and pent in cities, look at me
I breathe the dewy freshness of the rartli
In open Ueids resounding with the sons
And jubilance of bird and beast whllo je
Jostle each other In the smoke and grime
For leave to labor at tha beck of gold,
Ye herding fools, come out where there is room,
Come out, and All the earth's waste places up;
Make howling deserts laugh with running flclds;
Dot the ast lonesome plains with cheerful
homes.
Work for youisehcs live healthily, content,
On jour own land's productions Doing thu,
Tl e last curst anarchist will pass from earth.
Eric Duncan, Id Montreal Witness.
THE DYING CENTURY
PASSED IN REVIEW
DEVELOPMENTS IN ELECTRI
CITY AND STEEL.
Furnaco and Forgo Ilavo Estab
lished a Relationship Botweon the
Two and Havo Drought About
Marvelous Results in 100 Years
Of Time.
From the Chloeo Times Herald.
Electricity In the world's life and
work may be suggested In the circum
stance of a Chicago man calling upon
a business acquaintance downtown
one of these winter evenings. He first
t0 nn lectrlc 'oIcPhone l nd "
the man is In. Then ho gets Into an
"elevated train that Is heated, lighted
and propelled by electricity. At tho
' ...J nr .Lv IIha fin r.. ..lit nn Alnntrtr
UJ1U UL llil- 1IIIV "- .. .. .... i.-t...u
cab and be driven through electrically
lighted streets to an electric bell but
ton, by pressing which ho summons nn
electric elevator, In which he rides up
ward and finds his way under tho In
candescent plcctrlc lights which fes
tonn the wnlls and ceilings.
lllcctrlclty was not new when the
present century was ushered In, but in
tho Inst hundred years It Ins made
strides beyond the dreams of Franklin,
who by mrans of his silicon kite had
proved electrleltv ana lightning to bo
Identical. Von K'olst of normally In
1745 had discovered the possibility of
accumulating electricity, nnd two
years later Ctinucus of Lejden gave to
the world tho Leydon jai a thing that
to tills day scarcely has been improved
upon In Its limited field.
The year 100 wao slgnalled for elec
tricity by the making of the first vol
l ilc pile. Eight years later Sir Hum
phrey Davy, using a battery In the
Royal Institution of London, got tho
first light from a galvanic current. In
1831 Faraday established the fact that
magnetism nnd electricity were ono
and the same, and in H32 in Paris
Plxll built the first practical magneto
electrical machine.
FIRST STREET LIGHTING.
It was Paris in 1814 that stnrtled tho
world with the first practical
street lighting by elctrlclty. One
December evening, when a thick
fog hung like a pall over tho
city, shutting out the faint light of
the gas lamps, pedestrians in the Place
de la Concorde were startl-d by a sud
den unearthly glare that broke nvci
head. From that night electrjc light
ing In Paris was a success and the
system began to spread through the
city.
In England In 1811 Frederic de
Moleyns had patented nn inenndescent
lamp, using a platinum wire In a glass
bulb. It proved to be an Impracticable
device, however. It remained for J
W Starr, of Cincinnati. Ohio, to make
the first really successful Incandescent
light and put it upon the market In
1844. He used a glass bulb exhausted
nf at. In ,.'t.1M. a mitnani4t.l ft n1H
' num wire hung from a piece of gra
phlte. Edison has completed all that
he left undone.
ELECTRICITY
ALL
IMPORTANT.
Today to strip the world of electrici
ty In its many applications would be
to paralyze modern civilisation. All of
which hns come about within the
memory of the young men of tho
world.
Electric power has revolutionized
methods In manufacture within ten
years. In that time the perfection of
the storage battery has come about. In
Itself ono of the most Important inven
tions In connection with electricity.
Engineering schools are turning out
graduated electricians until now
scarcely an office building In any c'ty
In the country doen not demand the
services of one or more ot these ex
perts. Niagara, the world's wonder,
hns been harnessed aid everywhere
the once idl. currents of the rivers are
producing electricity for the wheels of
commerce. Through the alternating
current sstem, this electric power Is
now transmitted without serious loss
forty or fifty miles from the generat
ing plant.
IN THE HEALING ARTS.
In the healing arts electricity has a
piomlnont place By means of tho
electric light bulb tho surgeon may Il
luminate the Interior of dlsea6ed bones,
oi explore even tho stomach of a pi
tient. With the X-ray, discovered by
Dr. William Konrad Rontgen, hi No-
vpmr. a'' e physician and the
I surgeon every day are rivaurg tno
u,a:u ""s "l "ul"e w- "lagnuss
! nro nmdo by nieuns of It such as wo.uld
I hfive becn impossible ten years ago:
i onlj' a rost-mortem examination could
I hav" approached its absolute uncer-
The possibilities of telegraphing
without wires opens an interesting
field to the new century, giving it op
pirtunlty to put upon I'pelf tho brand
of the "age of electricity," Just as upon
this has been fixed the "age of steel."
For with all that has been aeeoin
pllshed with electricity, no one s far
can ray what It Is The electilclan
simply has becn harnessing a power
whose existence he cannot trace. So
far, tho ancient Greeks, rubbing a
piece of amber In solemn wonderment,
were as wise as he. Yet the last quar
ter of the nineteenth century Is within
the coils of tho electrician. Simply aa
light, heat and power It holds more
promise for the new century, perhaps,
than does any other Industrial force.
Methods are Improving constantly,
nnd the future ot electricity seems to
be depending only upon its Intelligent
application.
The electric forge and furnace have
established relationship between elec
tricity and the age of steel, though
neither electric welding nor electric
fusing has been perfected.
From the old "blister" steel of the
last century, new methods and new
needs have made possible the crucible
cast steel such s enters Into the
heavy guns of modern armaments, the
self-hardening, chrome, silicon, man
ganese, nickel and aluminum steels
which are. the hlthtst results from tho
stecl-mnking art
Blister teel was the product of a
elow proctss, Iron was packed in
charcoal and the whole mass packed
Into nn air-tight furnace and heated
to a high temperature, thus absorbing
the excess carbon from the Iron.
In the present century, however,
Bessemer In England, and Kelly In thtf
United States, experimented with
burning the carbon from Iron In Its
molten state. Swedish Iron-makers
took up thP process and perfected it.
and with this rounding out of the
"Bessemer process," as it has been
called, tho era of steel began. The
open hearth and the acid processes
came later, but In the cheapness tha
Bessemer steel, takes place over the
others. This cheapness, and at the
JOVAC LONG'S SONS.
Scranton's Greatest Shoe Event
A Shoe Sals Without a Parallel
Shoes-Hundreds of PairsShoes
There is nothing on which a person loves to save money better
than on footwear: and at the same time be ' assured that
they are getting the best standard of quality. This
enormous Shoe Sale has been prepared with that
thought in mind. It represents a collection
of the very best makes of Shoes,
priced in almost every instance at
Much Less Than OneHalf Their Actual Worth.
Msnuw""!' v v
K m. W" JJIA t r-JME-t W JS flMKT .
At S1.47 Pair. Worth Up to 52,50
Women's and Men's Shoes of many styles,
in both tan and black, lace and button. Big
variety of toe shapes, with heavy and light
soles. Splendid qualities and fairly priced
would be $2.50 the pair.
At SI. 97 Pair, Worth Up to $4.50
The biggest bargain of the sale In the lot
are women's fi e French kid button and lace
shoes in almost every known style; also
women s patent leather sho;s with kid tops
in both lace and button. At the same price,
Jo
oas
Li wvavuiUA1
J.'.'-U-'U!
!ame tlm? this satisfactory product ot
the IVssemer process, has made the
uses of steel almost unmeasurcablo In
the material developments of the aso.
REVOLUTION IN BUILDING.
In nothlnp, perhaps, has this use
been more challenging to the world's
conservatives than In the modern
building of "steel construction." For
hundreds of years builders had been
laying clint walls In order that thesa
walls might support the floors piled
tier on tier above the foundations. In
the steel construction the interior
framework Is built strong enough to
support the terra cotta walls.
Sun Francisco Is said to have given
tho first Impetus to the steel building.
Tho Uookery and the Home Insurance
Buildings In Chicago were modified
examples of it, but It remained for the
Tacotna building, at Madison and La
Salle streets, to become the first per
fect example of "Chicago construction."
With the completion of the Tacoma
Building, In 1BS9, the term "sky
scraper" was coined. Lot owners saw
the possibilities for maklns tho income
from their properties commensurate
with real estate valuations, and tho
rolling mills were swamped with' or
ders for structural steel. This de
mand has been steady for tho last
ten years, with the result that tho
Tower of Babel has been exceeded In
the modern steel office building. Tho
Park Row Building, In New York city,
Is a city within Itself, towering 330
feet Into the air, and planted moro than
fifty feet below tho surfaee of the
streets. It has twenty-nine stories, the
topmost ofTlceH being 310 feet In the air
and commanding a view of more than
forty miles In any direction. There arj
DM rooms, with a total of nearly 4,000
tenants.
THE MAKING OF BRIDGES.
Next to the builder's steel the bridge)
steel of the engineer has been of vast
uses. The first suspension bridge be
longs to Wales, but the mlchtlest one
spans the Esvst river from New York
to Brooklyn. It was begun In 1879 and
completed In 1SS3, having n. clear wat
er way of 1.ES5 feet and costing )15,
000,000. Its trafllc Is greater than thnt
of any other bridge In the world, Tho
Dads bridge at St. Louis and the
Forth bridge in Scotland belong to the
achievements of the century In bridge
building. But aside from these there
Is scarcely a one hundred mile stretch
of railroad anywhere In tho country
that has not one or more examples of
the bridge builder's art sufficient to
have confounded the engineer of only
fifty years ago,
The steel rail and the steel rail pro
cess have been of wonderful meaning
to the Industries of the age. Without
the perfected steel rail the transpor
tation problem ot the world would be
largely unsolved. The original Iron
track on which Stephenson's locomo
tive ran would be hammered to splin
ters by tho railroad train of today.
Steel has made for lightness and
JONAS L OAG'S SONS.
myCTtaii"'
We have never seen so much
goodness crowded into so much
price-littleness. It offers to pru
dent buyers the chance of a life
time. We have taken all the odd
pairs and broken lines of shoes in
our immense stock; cut the prices
in halves and in some instances
in quarters. Every pair must go
this week. We know that the
prices will dispose of them. Here
are meagre details of some of the
lots for you to read today :
At 61c Pair, Worth Up to $1.25
A big lot of Women's Oxford Ties, in splendid
styles, newest and nobbiest of the toe shapes. An
unprecedented shoe bargain.
At 97c Pair. Worth Up to $1.75
A big lot of Women's Fine Kid Shoes in many
styles and toe shapes; all sizes, though not in
every style, Also Women's OxfoJd Ties, Not a
pair in these lots worth less than $1.50 to JS1.75.
MAIN
Long
A
J J-
strength In most farming Implements,
as It has In the complicated machinery
of the factory. It Is steadily replac
ing cait and malleable Iron In struc
tural frame works. In the bicycle
frame, perhaps, Is the best example of
tis availability where lightness and
strength nre desired, as compared to a
freight car which weighs 40,000 pounds
nnd carries a. load of 60,000 pounds, a
twenty-iix pound bicycle will carry a
ISO pound man over all roads.
Steel working methoJs in the United
States have been perfected until the
manufacturer can go on, year after
year, turning out a grade of steel that
varies scarcely a hair's breadth from a
standard temper This is one of the
advantages of the craft of tool-makers
In Amrica by which American tools
and machinery stand first In the mar
kets of the world. Within a few years
United States manufacturers have
crowded Into the markets of tho gold
countries, and American mining ma
chinery Is working from Alaska to the
African Cape. The Imprint of steel Is
upon tho age and It has worked i
revolution In machine-shops nnd
foundries.
GItOVER, CLEVELAND'S ADVICE
His Answer to the Question, Docs a
College Education Pay P
Kx-Presldent Grover Cleveland con
tributes to the Saturday Evening Post
the first magazine article ho has writ
ten since ho left the White House. It
Is a vigorous and remarkably force
ful discussion of the question, Does
a College Education Pay? and It Is of
Interest not only to the thousands of
young men who are considering the
problem, but to the tens of thousands
of parents who may have doubt. Jlr.
Cleveland does not judge success
simply by money-making.
"Many a college-bred man labors In
the field of usefulness without either
wealth or honors, and frequently with
but scant recognition of any kind, and
yet achieves successes which, unseen
And unknown by the sordid and cynical,
will bloom In the hearts nnd minds
of men longer than the prizes of wealth
or honors can endure," he says.
Further on In the article Is this:
"Parents should never send their sons
I to college simply for the purpose of
I educational ornamentation. The fact
that parents havo the fate of a son
largely In their keeping should not
only enlist their parental love and pride,
but should, at the same time, stimulate
their parental Judgment. Furthermore,
they should be constantly mindful that
they have In charge not only a son but
an uncompleted man who Is soon to be
come their contribution to tho manhood
of the world. They therefore owe a
dual duty, .vhlch demands on the one
hand that the education of the son be
undertaken as a help to his success In
life, nnd on the other that this educa
tion shall promise for the maturing
man the equipment necessary to Insure
his value as an addition to civilized
JONAS LONG'S SONS.
many different styles of men's shoes in both
congress and lace in call skin and patent
leather. Not a pair in the lot worth less
than $3 many of them have becn fairly
priced at 4.50.
6c Bottle for Fine Shoe Dressing
At this price during thk special sale we give
you choice of Whittemore's Finest French
Gloss Shoe Dressing, sold everywhere at 15
cents the bottle; or the best grade of dress
ing and piste combined for tan shoes.
AISLCELEVATORS
New York Announcement.
Horner's Furniture.
Tho nbovo term stands for every
thing that isroliablo and fashionablo
in Furmturo, in both tho plain and
artistic linos, whether wanted for
town or country homes. Two other
impoi taut features are tho modorato
prices at which tho goods are mark
ed, and their unequalled assort
ments. Dinlng-Room Furniture in all finishes of
Antique, Be'siai, Flemish .inJ English,
with Tables, U,n'ngChirs,CMnaClosets
an4 Sids Tables to match.
Bedroom Turniture In all the various woods
and finibhes, including special lines for
country homes. English Brass Bed
steads in latest patterns. Enameled Iron
Bedsteads u ith brass trimmings.
Parlor Furniture. Library Furniture, Vene
tian Curved Furniture, in latest designs.
Couches, bettees, Easy Chairs. Rockers,
Morris Chairs-, Dressing Tables, Cheval
Glasses, Writing Desks, &c, In unequal
led assortments, and at all prices.
Send for Ulnitratnd JIndbnolt. " Our American
Homci nd How to FuruUh Them."
R. J. Horner & Co.,
J'nrnlture Mutter nnd Importer,
G1-G5 W. !i.5tl St., 2STow York
(Atl,oliiliii: lMen Muaee)
humanity. Before he leaves home to
enter upon his student life, his sym
pathy with theso purposes should bo
fully aroused, and ho should be Im
presed with the Importance of keeping
them steadily in view. Ho should ulso
take with him to his new surroundings
a love of truth and honor, a cheerful,
manly disposition and truly democrat
ic Inclinations. With theso hs colle-
glate advent must be auspicious, nnd
his future life well guarded against
failure. Lacking these, his way Is
made Immensely more dilllcult and un
certain." A Pleasure and a Duty.
I consider It not only a pleasure but
a duty I owe to my neighbors to tell
about the wonderful cure effected In
my case by tho use of Chamberlain's
Colic, Cholera and Diarrhoea Remedy.
I was taken very badly with flux and
procured a bottle of this remedy. A
few doses of It effected a permanent
cure. I take pleasure In recommend
ing It to others suffering from that
dreadful disease. J. W. Lynch, Dorr,
W. Vn. This remedy Is sold by all
druggists. Matthews Brothers, whole
sale and retail agents.
Cause nnd Effect.
Ho trod on the corn o( the hello of tho ball
And then to the other Blrla tell
Slumbering echoei ncre aroused In the hall
llecausc of tl.c ban I ot the belle.
Chicago Newa.
9s Sons J
' -a .- W