" "'. eT1?
,.- V" "-n,-I
' TgfK-tl
f-
'.
'
THE SCR ANTON TRIBUNE-WEDNESDAY, APRIL 1. 1900.
THE DYING CENTURY
PASSED IN REVIEW
AMAZING GROWTH OF THE
AMERICAN REPUBLIC.
What Made the Notion's Rise Possi
ble and tho Condition of Other
i
Free States Which Have Had
Equal Opportunities with the
United States.
From tho Chicago Tlmes-Hrald.
From tho fifteen sparsely populated
states that in 1600 stretched along tho
Atlantic seaboaid ns tho United States
of Aincrlcu. tho republic today reaches
westwurd to tho Pacific in an un
broken chain of forty-five f-tatcs. From
a population of 5,300,000 in 1800, the
census of the new year Is promising a
grand total ot 70,000,000 Inhabitants.
In riches, from the almost bankrupt
original state, the census of 1900 may
show a total visible wealth of $90,000.
000,000, a per capita Increase from $30S
In 1830 to $1,'J85 In the present year.
Nothing In the accomplishments of
the last 100 years can compare with
such national progress as hnn been
shown In the United States. From a
governmental experiment, frowned
upon by European economists, to n
leading place In the procession of the
world has been beyond tin- dreams of
an Aladdin.
It was a stupendous tusk that lay
before the young lepubtic In Its first
Hteps townid Hip shores of the Pa
cific. Unexplored wildernesses, tin
trucked by civilization and harboring
n thousand dangers for the adven
turer, stretched through forests, plains,
mountains anil deserts to the west
ward. Yeuis after the Mississippi
valley had been peopled "the Great
American Desert" was a recognized
geographical district, In which today
millions are gaining a livelihood.
Of the t.i's which made this great
went Daniel Hoone was one hunter,
trapper anl Indian tighter and lover
of forest solitudes. Fifinont. LewU
and Clarke were of another; Kit Car
ion, Jim UrldgT and Buffalo Bill stM
another. Joseph Smith, bead of the
Mormon church, had his part In ll.f
work. Adventurers from the old
world joined in the great mireh
toward the sunhot and Kuropean Im
migration became a factor to be reck
oned with In t'-.e development ot the
republic.
GROWTH OF IMMIGRATION.
In 1S30, ju.t after the discovery of
gold In California, the returns from
the census showed nearly 10 per cnt.
of foreign boin icsldents In tho Unit
ed States. In IStiO it was 1". per cent;
nearly in per cent. In 1S70, 14 per cent,
in 1880 and nenily 15 per cent in 1890.
And in this period the total popula
tion was growing steadily, with an
average of more than 30 per cent. In
crease for each decade.
Immlgiiitlon to the United States
more than once bus been becked by
legislation, but as a factor in Its ad
vancement it will not be questioned.
In the stormy period of Napoleonic
conquests In L'uiope these tides set In
strongly towaid the new world. The
alien law, under which the president
of the United States might banish any
foreigner whose presence was suspect
ed of being: prejudicial to the wclfaie
of the country, was one of the acts
of the Van Buren administration dl
lcctcd airalnst Immigration. But still
Castle Garden In New York became
one of the evolutions of the century.
The foundations of the republic had
been laid In opportunity for the In
dividual The right of earning citizen
ship niul Its accompanying privilege
of a voice In government wt re strong
Incentives to the European emigrant,
nnd In addition to these -ete the nat
ural opportunities In a new country.
Thej-e opportunities may ho measured
geogurphlcally by the census returns
of the government. In If'.'O, for ln
fitame, the population of the two Da
kotas was shown to have increased
nearly 279 per cent., nnd in that sec
tion In general neatly "fi per cent, of
the Inhabitants ucie foreign born.
New England and New York, New
Jersey and Pennsylvania had 23 per
cent, of foieign residents, while In
the south only 2.'! per cent, ot the
t people were aliens figures which
show that where the wheels of the
facjory are turnlnr- and whevp th"
desert Is being made to blossom the
Immigrant Is busy with n helping
hand.
INCENTIVES TO EMIGRATION
In the development of the great west
the jarcellng out of government
lands and the pass-ago of homestead
laws have been of signal Import. The
riches of the i-rnit foicsts, the wealth
of furs from the native animals, and,
above all, the gold of the California
and ot the Rocky Mountain regions
have lined the settler until the term
"wilderness" no longer llnds uluce on
the continent.
In all that makes tip tho picturesque,
the adventurous and the romantic this
peopling of the great west stands out
In startling vividness and color. It
has not found hitting reflection in the
world's letteis, but one day, ns with
the foresti of the carboniferous per
iod, Its wealth will bo uncoveied, only
ripened and accentuated by the course
of time. Adventurer and Indian
trader, soldier nnd priest, gold-seeker
jjMiuPr When the un,y
rRutny Eoe" down there's a yl)5s
Hf Headlight L
M Water White 1
I Oil I
B the antidote to dcrknoa. The
HIL olUhatean'toxplodo.doein't JM
Bl imclbdoetn'timoke. Your JcSm
k. dealer laaj 1L JttSk
lH. Atlantic jOWM
WBu Roflnlnu Co. MR-alH
and homo-maker wero Joined In this
reslBtless march, nnd tho emotions of
all humanity will be found in the In
effaceable track ot tho prairie schooner
lying like a scar across the face of
tho plains country
........ .... .... ,.,.
jM.ttiuisuis ui- uiuiAt "
Soma one In that time may recog
nize the influence of tho maize ear upon
tho civilization ot the Occident may
read In the sloven corn patch of tho
rudo Indian .vlllago a higher schema
and older than was that of the human
founders of the republic. From the At
lantic to thu Pacific tho regal corn
stalk has been made to flourish as tho
ally of civilization. For the red nomads
of the wilderness It stood for all that
was suggestive of homo of fixed habi
tation and to the white settler It was
nature's dally bread, molded and need
ing only the baker. No other grain
could have taken its place In the com
missary of the white man. From tho
formation of tho grain upon the stalk
it was food for him in Its natural
state; ripened, It was more adapted
to his crude milling processes than any
other cereal could have been. Primarily
It was a food for the pioneer, adapted
to the needs that came with the long
cold of winter, and without Its boun
teous yield tho history of tho United
Status might have been written mora
slowly.
In this peopling of tho central and
far West millions ot acres of forest
binds have been stripped and their
timbers brought to the saw. Seml
arld plains have been criss-crossed by
irrigation ditches and made fertile.
Rivers have been made to take new
channels. Mountain ranges have been
tunneled through and through. 'The
Pick of the miner has dlsemhowled the
solid ground. Cities have been plantc 1
nnd grown up in a day. And all this
only after cverv mile of It had been
fought for ngjIiyU some of the most
savage races that have peopled the
earth.
In this stupendous accomplishment,
where tho utilitarian has been so neces
sary and so fruitful of lesults, the
mark of It has been put upon the age.
But no less certainly In this latter part
of the century the fiults of a ripening
process are manifest. Circumstances
and environment cannot long be such
as to put upon the United States In
more than Its relative meanlnt; the
brand of "the age of steel."
OTHER NATIONAL, ILLUSTRA
TIONS. For tho other and newer civilizations
of the earth one may see In their steps
of progress the baitings that education
al defects and pi escribed liberties en
tall. Mexico has made a wonderful
progiess In this century, yet In the
crossing of tho Rio Grande there Is n
transition of 200 years backwurd. South
America beyond the equatorial zone
has done much In the progress of lib
erty, but It Is dragging In Us train in
stitutions and things that appertain to
a past age. Its governments generally
are unsettled and unstable.
Australia, from a penal colony for
Great Britain, has become an Island
nation of the magnitude of a continent
Nitw Zealand, in the same zone, has
given some startling examples of gov
ernmental expediency to the world.
South Africa, as a geographical pos
sibility scarcely second to that of the
United States, does not promise to the
new century the mark that America
has put upon the old. Lack of homo
geneousness In the structure of Its
civilization points to less rapid pro
gress. Just to the extent that the
broader liberty of the age Is abridged
to that extent must its accomplish
ments be ubrldged. At this end of the
century, however, the milling procesf-es
of war are busy with It, and guaged by
the past of history the way Is to bo
made plainer for that larger liberty
that has been promised ns the world's
legacy to the future.
GREAT ARMIES CAUSE DEBT.
Everywhere the century has marked
progress nnd wealth for the world.
With the growth of Individual llches
however, the national debts of th
world have giown to the Incompre
hensible total of $27,524,976,916, an in
crease of moie than $20,0C0.C0o,000 since
IMS. In their order of indebtedness
come France, Russia, Great Britain,
Austra-Hungary, Italy, Spain and the
United States. Tho total Indebtedness
of the United States In 1880 was $3,04:.,
706,000 a total that In ten years was
reduced by $1,018,000,000,
For the world at large, militarism
nnd Its exactions even in times of
peace have been responsible for most
of this burden. Armed Europe, when
not at war, has been In a competitive
struggle for modern armament that Is
scarcely less costly than open conflict
would have been.
Tho evolution of
i arms and armmnklng has made this
struggle ns necessary os any campaign
In tho Held might have been In time ot
war.
Yet the dawning of the twentieth cen
tury finds every nation of the world
with its hand upon the sword, build
ing, arming and equipping, one against
the other. No one has seen the end 6t
it. Perhaps only tho unaccountably op
timistic hope to do so.
YOUNG AMERICA REACHINGOUI
Frank G. Carpenter Tells About
Chances for Americans in Japan.
Frank G. Carpenter Is writing a se-
iles of articles on "bailees tor " m g
Men in the Far East" for. tho Saturday
Kvenlnf? Post. In the Ibsuo of March '
31 he told many interesting facts about I on the understanding, and tho court
Japan. "On tho steamer in which I refused to aid It to collect the little
crossed the Pacific from San Francisco fortune. The Chicago Milk Shippers'
to Yokohama," ho writes, "were a ' association was deharml by an Illinois
number of young Americans who were ' court from collecting from one of its
starting out to try their fortunes In j ciiHtomeia the charge for his milk sup.
the countries of the fur eust. One had J piles.
an engagement to act as book-keeper One trust was permitted to infringe
for a great exporting company of Kobe, I a patent of the Harrow trust, becauso
Japan; another was on his way as tho ' a comblnatlor held It: and a certain
representative of one of the biggest Mr. Klutz was barred from the Amer
mlillng machine organizations of the lean Biscuit trust after ho had Joined
I'nlted States, to put up a modern ' It, becniibo It could not make u lawful
flouring mill, at a cost of more than ' contract with him. Another court
one bundled thousand dollars for some
Chinese capitalists at Shanghai; a
third expected to take charge of a
wholesale foreign grocery nt the sam.'
port.
"We had, also, several mining and
electrical engineers who had been sent
out to look Into opportunities for In
vestments in Asia, an American pro
fessor connected with the University
of Toklo, and several commercial tra
velers, each of whom hud a lino of
American goods for which he expected
to take orders in the different coun
tries. Two of the commercial nlen
wero selling machinery, one was In
troducing fancy American groceries,
another carried with him a stock of
Jewelry and plated ware which ho ex
pected to dispose of nt different ports
of Japan und China, and another was
tho agent of an Ohio eucaustlo tile
company, who was making an experi
mental trip of about fifty thousand
miles, to take orders for and Introduce
his wares Into the chief cities upon the
way. In addition to these there were
a number of young Americans going
to China, Japan and the Philippines
to take advantage of whatever goo3
things they coutd turn up, nnd severil
buyers for some of the InrRcst Import
ing establishments In San Krancls'-o,
Chicago and New York. It was alto
gether a typical crowd of tho Classen
of our young men who may now bo
found on almost any of the largo trans
Pacific steamships, a living evidence
of how tho young American is reaching
out Into the new fields beyond the
sens."
GENESIS OF TRUSTS.
Sketch of Their .Developoment i In
This Country nnd of Legislation
Intended to Checkmate Them.
From the New York Herald.
Tho Idea of combinations to oppress
tho producer or tho consumer bus al
ways been repugnant to tho public
conscience. The old common law prin
ciple of equality for all was Inspired by
fear of them, and the American courts
and legislatures from early days have
been called upon to combat them.
Tho Connecticut constitution frowned
on them away back in 1818, In Its pro
visions that "no man or set of men are
entitled to exclusive public emoluments
or privileges from the community," nnd
In 1821 the monopoly of steamboats on
the Hudson river, given by the state
of New York to Robert Fulton, to run
his steamboat, engaged the attention
of Chief Justice Marshall and the
United States Supreme court. Tho
United States bank was sttlcken down
as a monopoly In money. Railroad con
solidation was the next form of tho
trust Idea, and the eaily nntl-monopo-llsts
put a clause In the Colorado con
stitution Inveighing: against It.
New York caught the first scent of
the modern form of Industrial combin
ation, and as eaily as 1SS1 made It a
misdemeanor to create a monopoly or
restrain competition in any commod
ity In common use. The principle of
this act has since been embodied In tho
legislation of a largo number of tho
states.
IN VARIOUS STATES.
The Indiana sjatute of 1S90 Inhibits
combinations that prevent dealers from
selling supplies to other dealers, me
chanics and artisans. The Kansas law
of 1887 forbids confederacies fn Increase
the fen.s of attorneys or doctors even;
and the act of 1S99 goes to the protec
tion of middlemen, wlione occunatmn
usually goes when the trust comes en
the scene, by forbidding combinations
to prevent the shipment of gialn un
less conti oiled by a warehouseman.
In several of the states It Is r. vio
lation of the law to hold a ti-ii"c certifi
cate. Some statutes specifically pio
tect premiums of fire Insurance utuiinst
increases by federations.
These laws are not always -, erpnl
application. That of Illinois, f,ir in
stance, makes comblnitlo'is whoe
chief object and effect fs to maintain
or increase wanes l.iwfu.; nnd the e
are seeral other states in whi 'h simi
lar exceptions are made. There aw. of
course, concessions t the voting po,er
of the laboring claFse.i, oiganid and
unorganized.
Labor lenders do not hesitate to ad
mit that the trades union Is Itself the
most autocratic of ru-'ts, and tne
United States Supreme court has put
It In the category with nil the other
classes of, obnoxious combinations.
FAVORITES IN TRUST LAWS.
Nor Is labor the only Interest that
the legislatures have tiled to exempt.
Many of the grazing and agricultural
states take lho stock and agi cultural
products in the hands of raisers or
producers out of tho barred classes of
production. The United States District
court of Illinois, In the case of the
United Sewer Pipe company vs. Con
noil, has just decided that this exemp
tion makes the act unconstitutional.
"Tho statute," the court says, "by
virtue of this clause contains bo'.n
i hiss and special legislation and Is In
contravention of the fourteenth amend
ment of the federal constitution."
United States District Judge Swnyno
has likewise declared the Texas Anti
Trust law unconstitutional, because It
exempts, In the farming element, four
flfths of the people of the state from
Its operation. These decisions would
seem to destroy all the state acts in
which the exemptions ere made.
The state law of North Carolina per
mits combinations of consumers to
protect themselves against imposition
in the i'ost of articles for their own
use. In two or three states the sale of
the ,;ood v 111 of a business cannot bo
affected by the trust net; and South
Caiolina makes an attempt to keep he
whiskey business In countenance by
making the Antl-Tiust law Inoperative
j as to "olllceis perfoimlug ofllcial du
ties under the laws of thu state."
SEVERE PENALTIES IN LAWS.
The penalties that aro visited upon
offendeis are sometimes severe to the
point of harshness. In Illinois, Iowa,
Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, Ne
btaskn. New 'Mexico, Oklahoma and
Tennessee tho courts will not ns'st
the trusts to collect their debts. In
Illinois a grain combination was ex
empted by the court from accounting
to one of Its constituent members In
the use of the common fund.
The Texas and Pacific and the South
ern Paclllc Railway companies, com
peting carriers, pooled the income of
their business between certain points
in Louisiana and agreed to divide pro
fits. Tho former of the roads even
tually su.-d the latter for $500,000 dun
forced u member of tho Chicago Gas
trust to stay in It because he hud dono
a wtong net In Helping to make tho
trust. These decisions are all based
on the principle that no man shall
profit by his own wtong,
MUST FORFEIT FltANCHISES.
The laws of Iowa, MIchlgun and
Utah give a company thirty days to
wlthdiaw from Its trust or forfeit Its
franchise. Nebraska permits It to do
business for a year before losing its
fianchlse. Hut In twenty-two other
states pattnershlp In a trust works
summary forfeiture, Severul of the
states visit heavy penalties upon those
who aro associated with them, In
Illinois n lino of $15,000 Is possible af ter
the third offense. In Alabama combin
ing Insuinncc companies must pay
25 per cent, penalty In addition to the
policy losses. In Arkansas, Indiana,
North Carolina, South Carolina and
North Dakota the maximum penalty
runs as high ns ten years In the peni
tentiary. In Minnesota nnd Montana
it runs to tivo years.
Imprlbonment for any time between
thirty days and a year is a penaltv
Jonas Long's Sons
Wi W1W. -' ' ' ' ' ' MdXkMa .
xjrv i y v. ivm .- r-sx-ii-rir 3. :' --w.i
- JAXfaTXM -
A-.4
At
Today9 April, the 4th
Thursday, April the gth
Friday, April the 6th
It is an exhibition worthy of the store. The box of style was filled wherever fashion-beauty
b.looms. Whatever of artistic Millinery beauty has emanated, from London on the North to Italy on the
South, finds expression in the collection. Here, in an hour, you see more in variety of style and
representative Parisian Millinery beauty, than you would see in a day's travel for many miles around.
As London leads the world in smart Outing Hats, so you see them first here. Mourning Hats
from Mangin-Maurice define all that is clever originality in comely black. Pauline Gaspard, of Paris,
caters to the little folks, and they and their mothers will like the show.
Millinery never a'tt.iined a higher standard of true
beauty than it shows this season. The best of all arts has
been applied. Neither grotesquery nor eccentricity has any
place. Kvery touch is tor beauty, harmony, grace and be
comingness. We have never had more nor finer Hats than will be
shown during our Opening Days. We have never gath
frequently Imposed by the stntes. And,
besides, there are dally penalties of $00
and upward for continuance of busi
ness with a trust. In Montana the
property of tho combination goes to
the state on ronvlction.
It Is comparatively easy for the state
to contiol the trust as long ns th? tni3t
slls where It manufactures. A new
condition Is encountered vhn the pro
duet of the mills begins to move to
ward the markets of other states. Here
the state coms In contact with the
prerogative of regulating Interstate
commerce, which belongs exclusively
to congress. This power rests there
not alone when eongp ss theoses to
o,prclse, it is Intent, Inherent and ex
clusive. Congress must specifically
permit the states to act before they
can move
There formerly was nothing in the
federal law to forbid the rum making
states from sending their Intoxicants
Into the prohibition states. The Iowa
statute prohibited the sale nf any in
toxicants except under license from a
country court. An Illinois liquor man
sent packages of liquor Into Iowa, and
a constable confiscated them. On r
plevln the court held that "the absence
of any law of congress on the subject
is equivalent to its declaration that
commerce In that matter shall be free.'
And so the constable had to return the
goods.
CONGRESS TAKES UP THE QUES
TION, This state of things aroused the te
totalleis of the country, and they had
congress pass an act providing that
upon arrlvol In a state with antl-Ilquor
laws liquors shall be sublect to the
, laws of that state, and a Missouri tll.s
' tiller who tried to do In Kansas what
, the Illinois distiller had done with im
punity In Iowa went to Jail for his
temerity.
i When the trusts began to go from
state to state with their soods con
gress nlmed two or three acts at the
Irufllc from tho Interstate commerce
points of view, The most important
i of these was what Is known n's the
I Sherman law, and a series of nice
i questions arose at once as to what It
I all meant. There was first a doubt as
I to what constituted Interstate com
merce. One aspect of that was speed
ily, settled by a ruling in the Knight
case thnt "an nitlcle does not beconia
i a part of Interstate commerce until It
Is started for unother state," and that
"therefore monopolies In manufacture
are not affected by the trust act "
Ttiero Is no law In the country big
enough to stop the Stundurd Oil com
pany from piping Its oil through tho
territory of a score of anti-monopoly
states.
The decisions as to the degree of re
straint required to bring a trust In
conflict with the Interstate Commerce
act aro quite as much at war with one
another. It is generally held that the
effect on trade must he direct and not
Incidental or collateral, Hut when the
court comes to deal with tho question
whether the restraint must be partial
or complete it flounders.
CASTOR I A
Tor Infants and Children.
The Kind You Have Always Bought
Boars the
Signature) of
C&t&rM&tfc
Jonas Long's Sons
ikfe.C&TL 5J Xsi Vr 1 s?
'he First
New
Oil
and New Wraps at The
Spring is budding into Summer. Easter
lu away. So it is that
v of Millinery beauty.
Jooa:
Loegs
For Easter
and Confirmation
The progressive store is always on 'the alert
to obtain the nobbiest and choicest things for the
little men. Our display for children's wear fo:
Easter and Confirmation this year far surpasses any
thing we have attempted. On the ground floor you
will find
For Confirmation
Boys' Suits, two
piece double-breasted
coat with short trous
ers, $1.75. A finer
quality of black clay
worsted for boys, from
8 to 14 years of age,
well tailored and fin
ished, $3.00. Young
Men's Long Trouser
Suits in fine quality
clay worsted made up
in the latest Spring
style.
u. -WT l&i&tf is tL
SAMTER BROS.,
Scranton's Leading Outfitters.
Jonas Long's Sons
. - J -i-.-
015 en pi
MMHeery, New
hashion sets the date for
ered together such a charmingly elaborate array of Gowns
and Wraps. It is the most distinguished collection that
Scranton has ever seen. The whole store thrills with the
inspiration of the highest artistic beauty from two continents.
. This is your invitation, and
be with us.
a Children s and boys
Somis
well lighted and equal in size
three departments in this city.
great changes we have made
mothers and boys.
See Our 12 Grand Window Displays of
the Newest Spring and Easter Novelties
See This
Spring Topcoat
Just to open the
Spring Overcoat sea
son we offer this
special. Silk lined
throughout, double
strapped seams and
cut very full "Box,"
equal to any custom
tailor's at $25 ; our
price to open the
copyright, nw. season, $12.00.
Til StriN-niocn Co.
Jonas Long's Sons
Qowos "
Big Store
is but two weeks
this marvelous sho.w
your friends' invitation to
SECOND FLOOR, '
store, rs
and variety to any
Call and see the
for the comfort of
For Easter
Vestee buits In new'
Spring color combina-
tion$. A much larger
variety than you will
find in any two stores
in this city from $1.75
to $5.00. Our Easter
showing of Boys'
Blouse Suits will sur
prise many mothers
who have traded here'
for years. We have
already been compli
mented for our origi
nal ideas.
M if k
i6iOTJ'':n
Cj --.