- 1"l"Tii'ie jrspo!- i- "s 's "v "- ' w" jtf'V v'''Jm" "" ' V v t ', r,.. - i 1 ?4&j'V " ' . ,-";. , , "V ."- - i' ' .' ' i',-,f ' :,.v&. j ;" , j Ir r & i : - s. 1 THE SCRANTON TRIBUNE-TUESDAY, MARCH 6, 1900. "1 . -B THE DYING'CENTURY PASSED IN REVIEW ONE HUNDRED YEARS PROG BESS IN EDUCATION. " Truth needs no 1 lowers of speech." Pope, rfl With 75,000.00 Worth of Magnificent MerchandiseRepresenting the Entire Scranton Stock of " The Leader' ' i We Are Readg to Begin This Marvelous Sae on WEDNESDAY MORNNG AT 9 O'CLOCK. p tt - st3?p, . v ?'- rp Tfi(,irrifrjii5 1 J a 'KmmmmmmmmmmtmmKzammmmmmmwKKmmiiimm 1 I ' m American School System, Originally Misunderstood and Even Resisted, Comes to Be Regarded as the Re public's Best Growth. From tlio Chicago TImos-Hcrald. Vlth an Invested school fund of near ly $120,000,000, a public school attend ance of 13.OO0.uOO pupils, and a total of nearly 423,000 teachers, tho United States has marked the century for uni versal education as no other country has clone. And If this were not enough tho enthusiast might point to the 472 universities and colleges of the coun try, with their 12,500 professors, 160,000 Htudents, and a total Investment of moro than $3uO,00O,OOO. Almost one fourth of the school children of the world aro In American schools, and It one institution of government in the United States Is unassailable In tho presence of an American It Is the system of public schools. Touching up on this national characteristic, Francis Adams, secretary of the National Edu cation league, writing In 1S75, says, with British wonderment: "That which Impresses me most with regard to Amctlca is the grasp which the schools have upon the sympathy nnd Intelligence of the people. Those of the cities are the lions of America. An Intelligent foreigner, and also as it would appear from recent criticisms the unintelligent foreigner who visits the states, into whatever town he goes Is taken to the schools as the first ob ject of Interest. Among public ques tions education occupies foremost place, and of all topics it is that upon w hlch the American speaker Is most ready nriu willing to enlarge. Public intelli gence nas recognized tho fact that the highest and best interests of the na tion are Indlssolubly bound up with the question. Thus every American feels not only a personal but a patriotic In terest In the welfare of tho schools, wlng to this popular feeling their or ganization possesses a spring and force and energy which are In strong con trast with the sluggish Instincts of the parochial hystem. It is a vast proprietary scheme In which every citi zen has a share. ADJUNCTS FROM THE SCHOOL. As an additional fact pointing to the public school as an Institution may be cited tho 233 public and private nor mal schools of the United States, which graduate moro than 4,000 trained teachers every year. When the centuty was very young education lor tho masses was a serious topic in several countries. Bavaria. 1'russla and Switzerland were agitating it and compelling attendance upon public schools. Tho new government of tho United States had received the impulse f:om tho early colonies, es pecially Mabsachusetts. But tho com mon school education of the first quar ter of the century was vastly different to what it is at this end of it. Tho "three Its" literally formed the cuirl culum of the schools. In 1S33 Horace Mann, in New England, began tho agitation of the subject of education. In the following year the national ad ministration cleared the country of the debts contracted by tho war of tho revolution arid through the Louisiana purchase. A considerable surplus re mained In the national treasury and this was parceled out among the states In proportion to their representation in congress. This, in tome states, was the foundation of the public bchool funds of today. STATES AND SCHOOL. FUNDS. Night fetates In tho Union have no public school funds. They are Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachu setts, Rhode- Island, Pennsylvania, South Caiolina. and Georgia. As com pared with these, there are Illinois with a fund or $1,000,000, Missouri with $10, 000,000, Kansas with $10,000,000, ana Texas with $7,000,000. The national gov ernment's "school section" specifica tion in tho .i-iblh lands of the West is a monument to its appreciation of tho public school. Through this the six teenth section in every township of thirty-six sections becomes the prop erty of tho btate, to bo disposed of to the credit of the permanent school fund. Ohio was tho first state to re ceive su-m a grant, and that In 1S0J. All of tho newer western states have profited by this gift of school lands, and In their acceptances of tho public school's necessity have escaped some of the disturbing puestlons that came with tho establishment of the first free schools. One of the goveinoss of Vir ginia has been quoted as thanking God that tho free school had not come to his state. In many sections of tho country the first, free schools wero frowned upon as charitable experi ments, while the first attempts at com pulsory attendance on theso school were denounced as out of harmony with American institutldns and the first index of a dangeious centralization of the futuie. Today, as some ono has put It, the public avails itself as freely of the free school as it does of a free bildge on a highway, and in addition to compulsory attendance on tho pub lic schools most states have passed laws prohibiting tho employment of chlldten under a certain grammar school age. SCHOOLS OFFENSIVELY FREE. Francis Adams, who has paid such a high tribute to the public schools of tho United States, has drawn a com parison with tho British free schools, In which he says that the eleemosyn iry character of the British free school Is never allowed to lapse In tho minds of either parent or pupil, and this, he i flakes the Hair grow. Clears the Complexion. Softens and whitens the Hands. Preserves and beautifies the skin of In fants and Children. Abulutelr pur. dtlluttlrinalleaUd.iaipriataly KetlTt. Curicoa or t not only lb. nua taicacloat 7 tala nuutra tad BMUtiScra. but lb. puntl ml tweet. t it toiit, Paih, tad Uay mam. . 114 mtrwUt. BritUa .detail KnuiT, Loadai. mm 0. b C. Com , lot Fro., Ilaawe, bT tf. A. IJfllb f-IERE Is a plain problem 11 SCRANTON STOCK formerly owned by Messrs. Lebeck & Corin, for 31,7400. After the failure of the concern, the stock was INVENTORIED by the receiver, Mr. J. W. Carpenter, at $59,743.00. Since the store was ciosed, the COST of merchandise has been steadily advancing, until NOW, if we were to buy the identical goods in the market, WE WOULD PAY OVER $75,000.00 FOR THEM. It is easy then, to understand us, when we tell you candidly, that "The Leader" stock will be sold by us at y Prices Which Are Next to Nothing Just think of it! Seventy-five Thousand Dollars worth of THE BEST merchandise that ever went under the auctioneer's hammer. And what a sale it wasl A hundred merchants their pockets bulging with cash were clamoring for it. But fortune favored us and you for when the drop fell, we had won, and saved the sale to Scranton. It is not often you can buy gold dollars for forty-one cents, for tne stocK is equivalent to goia aonars. "The Leader" Stock was all Many thousands of dollars worth of it had never been on shelves or counters when the crash came. Many more thousands of it had never been unpacked. The ENTIRE Upholstery, Dress Goods and Book stores were bran-new in October. The Holiday Stock of Handkerchiefs, Leather Goods, Laces and Trimmings was of the very best. You'll Buy It in Our Own Big Store The ONLY building in Scranton that could accommodate a stock of such enormous magnitude. It has all been moved, is being carefully inventoried and remarked, and when NINE O'CLOCK Wednesday morning comes, and the doors open you will be con fronted by the Most Extraordinary oargaiDs EVER offered by any store. Reason it all out for your self. The RETAIL value of the stock is more than Ninety Thousand Dollars. YOU shall buv it for much less than ONE-HALF that to give vou the bargains, WE SHALL DO SO.- No matter what your and dimes, your dollars and this Gigantic Bankrupt Sale The Big Store Will Be Closed All Day Tuesday to Arrange Stock And when the doors open Wednesday morning at 9 o'clock, it shall be with a store service especially arranged for your convenience. You'll find "The Leader" stock dis tributed throughout the five great floors of this massive building. You'll be attended by hundreds of extra sales-folk, in addition to our full force in Scranton and our reserve force in Wilkes-Barre. Many extra cashiers to facilitate change service and extra delivery wagons by the score that your parcels may reach your home quickly. says, 1ms very neaily neutralized the work of this school system. If one thing were needed to show unmMaknDly the po&itlon of the Amer ican people with reference to the pub lic schools It is the fact that the Ulble has been excluded so widely from them. "The nation's book In the nation's hchools" has been a plea of the churches, which have pointed to the Declaration of Independence and to the Constitution of the United States as rerognlzlng the God of the lllble. And yet the grow Ins fcentlment of the people seems to be, "Take care of tho education of the young and the Bible will take care of Itself." It has been a slgnlllcant fact of the century that whoiever has come a broader liberty the demand for a bioader education has followed It. In few countries of the world today could u public speaker claim the advantage of education as the sole privilege of a favored few of fortune. With a limited education once within the reach of tho masses they have clamoicd for more. Tho "three Its" no longer suffice. To the grammar grades of the United States public schools has been added the high school and to this the states have added state universities and agri cultural colleges. Now manual train ing in the elementary schools Is being teallzcd and the domestic arts have been placed in the curriculum. FIQUItES PROM PHILADELPHIA. As an Indication of how persistently tho demands for education have In creased a few figures from the public schools of Philadelphia may serve. In 1897 the kindergarten was estab lished In that city by private enter prise and the philosophy of Froebel and Pestalozzl put to tho test. For four years tho experiment was con uucted successfully, and In 1833 tho founders of the system appealed to tho city council for aid. They got an ap propriation of $3,00i In that year and of $13,000 In tho next. In January, 1897, the kludeigartens passed Into tho hands of the board of education and became an unquestioned part of tho public school system. With one Innovation established an a success another was easier, and in 1SS5 a three years' courte of manual in arithmetic just as simple figure. We can well afford considering the Drice WE Daid wants may be, prepare to supply them now. Save your pennies gold eagles come on Wednesday and every day you can, while is going on. Jonas training was adopted into tho public I schools and In 1S88 the first graduating ' class whs turned out. The GUIs' Normal school had been experimenting In classes in scwln,? with such success that the board of education took the department under1 , tho wing of the public schools In 1SS, and two yeais later n coutse In cook- lng was adopted from this normil school. And with all this thero has been no complaint that tho public school system of that city has been overweighted. Local self-government has been tho principle behind tho public school In tho United States. Kaoh state has been looked to by the general govern ment as competent to judge of Its own educational needs, and In like manner the state has looked to the county and the county to tho city. PUBLIC'S BEST INFLUENCE. As a political proposition nothing could be moro reassuring to the student of republican government than this disposition ot republics to spread the Influence of liberal education. On tho face of It la an acknowledged honesty of purpose toward its people and a direct assurance of still wider liberties as education shall make them pos sible. With tho spread of education in the past century, a broader liberty has come to the subjects of the most ab solute monarchy. The time is gone by when a people may be kept lgnoiant only that they may be subject, and tho irresistible spread of education In thes last hundred years Is tho mort sig nificant of prophesies for the future woild tepublic of tho dreamer. Virtually thero Is no limit. In tho growth of the publlo school 'system In America. It will grpw Just to the extent that the people would havo It grow. In pointing out the necessity for manual training in the schools of ,..cago, Dr. H. H. Belfleld was con fronted with tho argument that such a school was not legal. His reply was that this was no impediment; that if the school would be Illegal under tho existing law tho people had every right and power to wipe out that law and put a law upon the statute books that would make the school legal, Thus, as we can make it. We bought the ENTIRE New for the stock and Sieitvtd or Joms Lova'a tons um in o h i 'Mufr f&''&H&$&'- """"" a 4" f f Dollar (31.74S.00) btln In full Barmt at M 'H'"'',,,...r: .lil'i2, MmjtQ,. ' " jTf. V P i fgaroban nontjt for tat tntlra .toet of atahandlaa? MltlfftjJfiteaw """""him ethKlt ' C a C & eonltlned. la tbt seaAMTO SI0M or Ltbook 4 Coring lijijQS' 11 ji?HfmV!Bfc: """""""v. CJfc dfeafViyEft. AKBS- H I U taor tnrlly tnon 4 "IU UADti,')old b a. Ifl lljffifrrf? " "" 'Mtf MJPLJ C Lon with state universities everywhere and with tho spirit of technical schools In tho air, It would not require a great stretch ot Imagination for the optimist to see, as an accoinpllrhment of tho new century, a system of free technical education that shall do away with tho old apprentice fcystem to the trades. Europe In general Is Infected with the spirit of manual training for tho young, recognizing the Insistence, of the educa tor who says that tho training of tho hand is a training of the brain, and that with manual training come bet ter physiques and sounder brains than are to be found In the school that delves Into text-books. Japan, which has so suddenly awak ened to a place among enlightened na tions, Is grappling with manual train ing schools and preparing to take a lead in them. It is the movement of this end of tho century a movement arising out of tho question whether it Is not better for the young man who Is to bo a machinist to have some knowledge 'of machinery from his school than to be stuffed with classics to the last hour of his school life and then .be thrust Into the world as an apprentice. Ignorant ot all Jnllfe that is to enable him to work his way In the world. With the spread of schools has come a broader knowledge of educational methods. Pel haps no condition of hu manity In adult lite has been more ameliorated by liberality and progress than has been tho condition of the pu pi. in school. Tho slave driver In tho cotton fields of tho old south was not moro Inexorable and exacting than was the old-tlmo school master, rujlng with his rod of iron. Ho belonged to tho age of tho stoics hard, unresponsive, Inhuman In his narrowness. Punish ment was regarded as necessary to en foice Iron discipline and a part of this discipline was to exact tne full meas ure of the task set to pupils. Severe whippings becauso a child failed In les sons weie the rule. Today, In many states, corporal pun ishment In the schools has been for bidden by law. Everywhere It Is com ing under the ban ot publlo opinion. Not only this, but the pathological side of student life Is being considered W . H. f M t -. m r& K t fV .special ueiiveries uany. 1 N, s Between Scranton and Carbondale; Scranton and Wilkes- ) J I Barre and to every other point within a radius of 25 miles of M w C the Big Store. S g's as the dogmatic ruler of the old school never dreamed was a necessity. Tho hard-and-fast rule ot classification, according to ages and to progress In studies, was never more in question than it is now. The physical natiue of tho child Is considered as It never was before, holding fixedly to the belief that a sound mind Is to be found only In a sound body. As between the pre cociously forward nnd tho abnormally backward, tho pathologist of tho schools Is undetermined as to which la the greater problem. But certainly he Is as far from spurring the hack ward ono to the pace of tho forward one as he would bo from practicing vivisection upon either. The move ment of tho day Is toward classing both extremes as abnormal and treat ing them as such: towaid peparatlm; them from tho normal children of tho classes and treating the backward or tho forward according to hH disposi tion and his physical nnd mental na tures. Thero Is Inquiry as to how much tho mentality of the forward ono Is sapping his physical strength and a question as to the- causes of dullness itu the other whether' It bo nervous ness, deafness or even lack of common nourishment at table. FADS IN EDUCATION. The cry of "fad" has marked tho evolution of modern methods of edu cation, and It would be strange If it were not so, and If in some cases it were not deserved. But to one who looks unbiased upon the educational progress of tho century there Is tho forceful assurance that the educator of the present has a far better apprecia tion of the ends sought than had the hard taskmaster of fifty years ago. The educator of today Is moving toward an Ideal whose mission Is to be tho pie pailng of the Individual to meige with least filctlon Into the great social woild of which he Is soon to be a unit. And not only this, but to make tho unit ft as much value to tho aggicgate as Is possible to school tialnlng. It is recognteed that tho brain of a phil osopher in the body of an invalid Is a burden to society, far greater than might be the brain ot a pigmy In the bodily frame of a Hercules; that some thing moro utilitarian than a classical Chios' iBv-aAI i&I7j7Ii). it I &l La iSmJ7m aVaS BSHu rh ? 25 ons education will havo a tendency to smooth away many nn economic rufllo that ciops up In modem life. And Just to the extent that this broad spliit l diffused In educational woik, Just to that extent may society be depended upon to recognize education as tho foundation underneath It all. NOVEL FRENCH TORPEDO. Anchored and Operated from the Shore by Mechanical Towage. From tho London Mall and Military Re cord. Tho new towing torpeJo, tho Lego, the tecent Invention of 1 Frenchman, ib an extremely llshliko wear on. Though It can be uJ much In the ' same, way us th old Hiuvey torpedo, ' with which some of our ships were equipped before tho -advent of the Whitehead, by l)ilng towed at an an elo under nn pmmy'3 ship (provided sho allowed tho operator tn come near enough to do ho), Its pilnclpal func tion Is tho defense of ports, nnd hai bors. It dlfi'ers from tho Brennan, 1 which to all Intents and purposes Is an ' automobile weapon, but at the samo 1 tlmo It Is much simpler, nnd piobably much less expensive, though special arrangements have to bo mads for Its use. An endless chain 13 stretched round four horizontal wheels or pulleys so as to cover tho portion to bo guard ed, and Is set In motion by means of a second chain, driven by an engine on I shors. To tlm first mentioned chain a sciles of Lege torpedoi-H aro attached at intervals, and tho idea is that a-j tho chain moves round on Its rollers tho channel Is constantly pat: oiled, as It were.by two lines of traveling mines moving In opposite dliectlons, so thut it would bo ptactlcally Imprsslblo for u ship to pass through this gunrded zone unscathed, Immediately tho chain Is stopped tho tcrpedoes becomo harmless, for on the strain being taken off tho towing lever it automatically folds back nealnst the head, and lu so doing moves 11 safely catch Into uuch a position as to puaent the strik er In the poln; of the torpedo moving. In this position it may bo btruck or handled with Impunity, but it is claimed that the moment It is towei through tho water It becomes ones more a deadly peril to any ship that may gra-:e It, Tho Lege torpedo is constructed of Delta metal, which, while being 03 strong as steel. Is not liable to rust and corrosion from immersion in water. The charge Is of cylindrical shape, and Is eabtly Inserted and re moved from tho head of the torpedo, so that tho apparatus can bo stored with perfect safety ready to hand, while the charges aro placed out ot harm's way In a magazine. Other ad vantages claimed for it are thoso ot automatically adjusting Itself to tho depth requited, and, on encountering the defenslw) nets of un Ironclad, ot assuming a vertical position, lvln beneath them and striking, the hull with Its point as soon as it is clear. Tho g'teat point lr. favor of tho new weapon would appear to be its sim plicity: but, on tho other hand, it docs not seem impossible for aji.enpmjc.ip so damage or destroy tlv endlecs chain as to stop its motion, when tho wjiolo set of torpedoes would at once become innocuous. Nor. for that matter, doa It seem very Improbable that Its-wqrJc-lugs might lo nliected by the explo sion of ono of its own torpedoes. TEN CENTS I-'OU A NEW STOMACH. This Is practlcnlly what It moans to the sufferer from Dyspepsia, Indigestion and all other stomach complaints. 'Dr. Voii Stan's Plneaiiplo Tablets nrd naturn'rf pnnniua for tho stomach'H Ills they're it purely vegetable pepsin compound 1$ of; them In a box and popular prlto enough to allow ever body to enjoy good lualtH. Sold by Matthews Bros, and W. T. Claris. 33. 4 -' CASTOR IA For Infants and Children. The Kind You Have AlwaysBpHfi;ht Bears the Signature) of (Zotf&L ..: . X - " hi, ,,,,-, . V'' KX S -J J j. , ' It, ' ISf. I..'- '.r i.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers