0.2 THE SCRANTON TBTBUNE-SATURDAY. DECEMBER 10. 1899. IN ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF CHANGE THE WASHINGTON CENTENNIAL SUGGESTS COMPARISONS. Somo Idea of the Progress Which Has Occurred in tho United States Since the Sate of the Death of tho Father of His Country. In nn article suggested by the reee.nt centennial of the death of George Washington, a writer In the Chicago Times-Herald says: If It Is to be wondered at that New York city did not learn of Washing ton's death until five days after Us occurrence, and ho then sleeping his last sleep In the family tomb at Mt. Vernon, why Is It not a matter for wonder nleo that at this time clocks had Just been Invented and 'tho pro duction of tinware In Connecticut was looked upon as a dubious entorpilso? The United States then much nmal ler In area than It Is now was ulmost wholly agricultural. The pursuits of the people were primitive. Manufac turers were almost unheard of. Tho certainty that thcto would bo n repub lic finally established was clouded by the strong public feeling that a limited monarchy would bo belter and s.ifi i Kngland maintained penal law a against the Importation to this countiy of Arkwrlght machinery for use In cot ion work. The first cotton-working machlneiy iibed In Rhode Ifeland and Massachusetts was brought In tiiir rrptltiously. In some of the states work In glas-s, lion and paper had commenced, but tho beginnings weie email and the piotlts smaller. URDAN GROWTH. Thete wore but four cities In tho United States having n population of more than 10,000-rhllr.delphla. 42,000. Now York, mono, Boston, 1S.000, and Baltimore, n,000. Indications woie fa vorable to Boston lomainlng tho me tropolis of tho Innd. Tho country west of the Allegheny mountains was glcn over to Franco and Spain, except as to the cession from Virginia, and It was doubtful If tho same would ever be lollnnulshed to the new nation. The present population of Gi cater Now York nnd adjaiont suburban commu nities Is now three-quaiters of what the population of the United State was when Washington died. Ohio and Illinois now contain more Inhabitants than did tho whole United States In 1703. The Philippine Islands, Just como Into possession of the United States In this year, 1S99, contain nnnrly twice as many Inhabitants as did the Union when congress assomblcd to mourn over the loss of tho man ftom Vir ginia. The population of the Union has turned Itself ocr ne.uly flftcoii times In the 100 yeais under consid eration. The so-called l.uge cities wore sim ole collections of fiamo housos, hav ing extensive lawns, wide erandis, no comfoiting heating accommoda tions, no Internal water supply or toi let arrangements, sleeping rooms that were like barns in tempei.i'uie, tables that groaned with good things to oat. Streets were nariow and practically kept as path?. They weie unlighte'l, and tho wall's after dailc weio narrow nnd dangerous. Night watchmen patrolled the htreets and called tho hours, but police protection was not known. Bucket brigades acted whon fire alarms were ghen. Cemeteile were laid out about the churches. Be tween Boston and New York a single stage ran onco a week, and that was considered sufflclent. Telegraph Hn.s were unknown, nnd the steim railroad unhenrd of. When transportation was discussed It was solely in tho light of canal construction. .As indIeatio of what the trade situation was tho fol lowing flguies aro given: 1759. 161'!. Imports J2l,000,ori0 J cic.ono.ooo Imports 20,000,000 1,210,000,0X1 Revenues of the government: 17W. iris. Amount J3,00O,00O $103,300,000 Expenditures of tho government: 1703. ISIS. Amount $1,500,000 sm.ooo.ow So slight were the jeceipts of the government, and so precarious Its means of subsistence that Washington wrote, Sept. 14, 1799, as commander-in-chief 6t the at my, to Mcllenry, secre tary of war: "I am resolved to draw nothing from the public but reimbursements of act ual expenditures." This then 100 years ago now, for 1901 Secretary Gage estimates tho neds of the government at $631,000,000. Of this sum $144,000,000 alone Is needed for the army and navy pensions and for the maintenance of the war depart ment, $190,OjO,ijOO. PERSONAL WEALTH. One Is not npt In these days to re member that in this early peilod Wash ington made himself one of the largest land-holders In the country, nor that when he died he was worth over a half a million of dollais. Yet we find that he bequeathed to his heirs tho following acreage, with values at tached: Acres. Worth. 300 j G.C60 S,l :isio 83 7.0S0 2.236 44,700 B'l 11,420 240 3,000 400 3,coo 1,119 2,:S1 400 20,010 P." 97,4)0 23,311 200.000 1,119 9,823 231 1.401 1.000 n.ooo 3.051 15,051 5,000 10,000 Land In Washington worth $19,132, Rnd other lands not enumerated worth $6,200. The total value of his estate was placed at $530,000. The 300 acres of Virginia land, which ho valued at $6, 6C6 In 1709, sold In 1S59 for $120,000, one evidence of , the changes In value In that country' he served so well. Uvcn the marrluge of Washington was consistent with tho thilfty habits that marked all his doings. Tho widow Custls added to his estate $100,000, be sides giving him a helpmeet Just as prudent In her financial transactions as was he. After tho marriage, ond their settlement at Mount Vernon, "nine miles from any chuich" or social habitation, Washington gave himself wholly to tilling of tho soil and quiet service In the Virginia legislature. Ills commission bears date of June 19, 1775. He returned It to congress, Pee. 28, 1783, and became once more a private citizen. Tho tender to him of a crown, he to be king of tho new gov ernment, met with angry jetort and refusal. He was presiding ofllcer of the fedcal convention which fianied the Constitution In 1787, He was elected President of tho United States twice. He could have' served a third term If ho had desired. Ho retired from the presidency In 1797. His light went out nn the radiance of that of Napoleon flnshed4 forth. The great outpouring of settlers from tho Atlantic seaboard to the Interior West was Just beginning. Settlements In Ohio, Kentucky nnd Tennessee were ilslng tnpldly. Marietta and Cincin nati (at first a government fort) had been established. Scttlerd leaving Pittsburg for the lower country trav eled In bulletproof flatboats, for pro tection against tho Indians. Going down stream, their boats .floated. On the leturn oars weio used John Fitch was experimenting on whnt was soon to be tho steamboat, but met with little encouragement. FARM LANDS. Tho farm lands under cultivation In tho entire countiy were less thnn 10, 000,000 ncres, although that In com now exceeds 80.000.000 ncies, In oats 111010 thnn 23,000,000 acics, in wheat mote than 40,000,000 acres. Tho annual wheat yield at tho opening of the centuiy was less than 2 000,000 bushels; It is now over G50.000.000 bushels. The cotton acreage was about 1,000,000 acres; It Is now 21.000,000 and the an nual value of the product about $300, 000.000. Schools weio few and books scarce. In fact, such books of value to be ha 1 weio those carried nvvay ftom foreign lands when emigrants tied to the col onics to escape persecution. Suih pootry, proso nnd paintings as came foith weio poor Imitations of foreign standards. Only In theological docu ments and state papeis did the thlnk ot s of tho United States takes preced ence at thnt time of all other nations. It Is not n matter of national boast ing, but of world-wide credit, fieely given, that tho state papers of Wash ington, Franklin, the Adamses, Ham ilton, Jefferson, Madison, Jny and otheis contained a pine nnd vlgoious English, a clearness of thought, a mastciy of lucidity such as no docu ments of similar chatacter In the world bo'o. So, too. Hip theological discourses of Jonathan Edwards commanded for the same jonson piofound admiration, as did as well tho otatoty of Randolph. Henry nnd Fisher Ames But school facilities were few and bar between, tho accommodations most rude. The total value of all school property In the countiy In 1S00 fell below $1,500,000. tho totnl school attendance was less thnn 600.000. nnd the tear hers engaged In the work not over 10,000. At the piosent time the enrollment In tho com mon schools exceeds 15,000 000 tho aveiago dally attendance 11,000,000 and tho number of teachets 500,000. Tho city of Chicago now omplovs moio than half as many school toach 01s as there weio In the United States in 1S0O. and tho total value of the national common school piopetty Is $300,000 U0O. At this pei tod tho Spanish govern ment had sot up tho claim that the Mississippi was an exclusive Spanish stieam from its mouth up to the Yazoo, and thnt no American boat should bo allowed to sail upon it Slngulaily enough, tho noithein states were will ing to allow this claim In leturn for .1 commoiclal tieaty, but tho southern states and western settleis protested angillv and thientened to quit tho com pact of the colonies. It was but four yeais prior to Washington's death thnt the United States made .1 tioaty with Spain securing common navigation of the Mississippi. ADVENT OF NEW CENTURY. With tho advent of the new century appeared legislation creating tho de partment' of state, of tho ticasury, of war, of Justice and the postofllce. Act3 were passed for tho icgulatlon of sea men, commerce, tonnage duties, light house, inteicouiso with tho Indians tenitoiles, and the militia. A national capital was selected, a national bank chattered, the national debt funded The first tariff act passed contained the principle of piotectlon, injected by Hamilton, for the purpose of creatine n class of manufaetuteis tunning through all the states, but dependent for piosperlty upon the new federal government and tho tariff. This would bo a force which would make stiongly for the national government and against any attempt to secede. But the political atmosphere was not clear nor wholesome. We find leading men accusing the establishment of the national capital on the Potomac as having been secured by eonupt'means, and accusations of bribery were heard on every side. Later it was asserted that the English government coiruptly Interfered In American affairs and dic tated who should be selected for our first repiesentatlve at St. James. So also were ceitaln Americans accused of having sold themselves to the Fiench government in order to aid in bringing about lecognltion of the new republic there, Washington being for neutral ity. Fiance bioko off all relations with us, and wo commenced a naval war against her In which we were distinctly tho victors. Nnpolean made peace with us later, nnd It has never been broken since. Few will remember that at this time we had laws passed by congress w hlch raised the number of years nec essary for naturalization from five to fourteen; that the president could or der out of the country for a period if two years nny alien whom he might consider dangerous to our peace; that any foreign subject within the boun dailes of the United States might be anested by order of the president when wo were at war with the power to which he claimed allegiance. Fur ther, theie was a law In existence which made It a crime, punishable with fine or Imprisonment, for any one In print to ridicule or defame the presi dent, the general government, or either branch of congress. Jefferson and Madison overturnel these laws, and they have never found a place on the statute boohs again. PLACE FOR DRYING CLOTHES. Think, ye fashionable dames of to day, of a national capital in 18S0, In which the audience room was used by Mis. President Adams as a place for drying clothes. Congressmen lodged wherever board could be found. Yel low fever drove tho population of New York nnd 1'hlladelphla Into the coun try. Grass gicw In tho streets while they were uvvay. The population of Ohio was 45,000, of Tennessee 106,000, of Kentuci.y 221,000. The number of post offices was 903, miles of post loutes 21.000 and the an nual revenues $231,000, The annual revenues of the post ofllce are now $93, 000,000, and the number of pounds of second-class matter handled, 352,703,000, The miles of post routes now'4n exist ence me 496,948. The amount of mall now handled on railway trains ex ceeds 13,0o0, .-.0,000 pieces annually. The acquisition of the Louisiana pur chase and tho opening of the Immense domuln of tho West to the settleri was about the last act which assured the permanency of tho republic nnd left free the way for tho marvelous pros perity following. The sewing machine did not exist, nor tho steam road, nor a mile of railroad trnck, nor grain ele vatois, nor packing establishments, nor electric lights, nor pneumatic tubes, but tho spirit of tho people vVns sincere, their courage unquestioned, their faith In tho God of tho lcpubllu stern and unrelenting. How could they fall, led by Washington, by Jefferson, by Madi son, by Randolph 7 New York will celebrate the anni versary of Washington's death nt old St, Paul's chapel, where tho Sons of tho Revolution nnd tho Order of tho Cincinnati will assemble. There, when In Now Yotk, Washington attended di vine services. At Washington tho Mnsonlc fraternities, who have always claimed Washington as one of their number, will observe the anniversary. President McKlnloy will address them, nnd there will bo a procession to Mount Vernon nnd the old tomb and salutes from cannon on land and water AVhon he died memuilal services weio held In Now Yotk, Boston, Al bany, Newport and Ballliiiote Citizens of New York wore crepo on their arms for six weeks. Governor Morris deliv ered the funeral eulogy. No carts, carriages nor horseback riders were allowed In tho streets through which the mcmoilnl procession pnsred. Alex ander Hamilton matched behind tight cannon captuicd from England by Washington. John Jacob Astor wag one of tho loading Masons who matched. Twenty-four girls dressed In white scattered hiuiol leaves before tho blor. This for him of whom "Light Horse" Harry Lee said on December 2C, 1733 at Philadelphia: "Flist In war, first In peace and first In the heatts of his muntiymeii." HOW JONES WON HIS BRIDE. President McKlnley Scores a Bril liant Success in Match Making. Picsldent McKlnley has a good deal of sentiment In his composition. Ho has shown a great Inteiest In tho love affairs of u young man from Ohio, and has taken a lole In a romance which docs cicdlt both to his heart and his head, tho Washington Post says. The young man refened to may be called Jones for put poses of Iden tification, and ho may bo located at Cincinnati, although ho his) a different name and lives In a different place. Shortly befoie the Inauguration Jones called upon tho president at Canton to pay his respects, and, to his em barrassment. Malor McKlnley In quired how ho was getting on with his love atfali. Jones dodged the question, but the Major pinned him down, and finally oxttacted fiom his reluctant lips a confession that ho had not been able to persuade tho oung lady in th: case to accept his heart and hand, although ho yet hoped to do so, Jones explained that his prospects were not eiy alluilng, nnd thnt love In a cot tage had no attractions for tho young lady ho desired for his wife. "Do you think she wouln like to live abioad a little while " usked the pres ident. "I wouldn't wonder," said Jones "Although I have povej dlsrusscd thai subject with her, I Imagine she Is like most young ladlos, and tint shu would 'njoy seeing foreign lands." "Well," said tho picsldent, "If you think it will do any good, 5011 tell lvn that T will give j,ou a consular ap pointment as .1 wedding ptttent. Pick out eight or ten places in Euiopo that you think would suit r.er, and when I take up c insular matters I will nom inate ou for one of them " Jones tlmrked tho piosldent warrr 1. nnd has since notified him that he would be mairled oaily In June. A US A Few Suggestions for - II $ Gifts i r. r ? 6 1 Acharena Star Combination Board 1 All Styles, 1899: Board No. 1, 16 Games, - D $2.50 g Board No. 2, 20 Games, , 359 g Board No. 3, 26 Games, 5.00 1 Cameras and Kodaks 0 All new goods with the latest improvements. Also the lowest prices. We j can meet any price from $2.00 up. A full line of Supplies, Films, Plates, etc. j Columbia Qraphophones Without any doubt the best Talking Machine on the market. Prices from $5 gi to $25.00. All the latest records in stock; 50c each, $5.00 per dozen. Athletic and Sporting Goods Boxing Gloves, Striking Bags, Exercising Machines, 50c to $5.00. Rods and Reels, Skates, Sleds, .etc., and all kinds of Holiday Games. -. Fishing flrfffifvU 211 Washington Avenue. BROOKS, ia up j New Republican Building, 231 N. Washington Ave., Scranton, Pa. 5? IrM 1 v W &tsw 6O PILLS 50 CTS. G3ERVITA PILLS Restore Vitality, Lost Vigor and Manhood Curo Impotcncy. Night Eraiionc, Loss of Mem. ury u i.iuuj ureases, nil ellects of celf-ubuo or excess and indiscretion. A nerve tonic and mood mumer. lSrinss tho nluk clow in nnln cheoks nnd restores the nro or south, ify mnll BOe nprlmT. A linTps fnr d;.oij, wiin our DanKame gaurantootocuro i or reiuna me money nam. bend for circular and copy of our bankablo guarantee bond. Nervita Tablets ZZZT2 (yellow lahcd Immediate Results Positively guaranteed euro for Los of Ponor, nrlcocole. Undeveloped or Shrunken Organs, Parels, Locomotor Ataxia, Nervous Protrn. lion, Hjsteria. 1'iU, Insanity. Parnlssls and the Iicsults of J.xcessivo Use of Tobacco, Opium or Liquor. Bv mall In jilaln package. $1.00 a box, 6 for $5.00 with our bankable ffuar antee bond to cure In 30 days or refund money paid. Address NERVITA MEDICAL CO. Clinton & Jackson Sta., CHICAGO, ILL. Sold by McGarrah & Thomas Uru,j Slsts,, 2(W Lackawanna ave , Scranton, Pa. lilt o w is General O I o MX U R" il H R 1" " B"" " iV jr If LJ -3B HLfc-. 5? . - - o x Xt X 0 1 0. 0X REPRESENTING OLD AND RELIABLE COMPANIE! 0X 0 8 jj Prompt and Satisfactory Ad g justment of Losses. j fecrtinUtfb"ta1itfa'krf"fc " 0J0J0tt0'jg0M0X00Q00 10X04X0.. ,pK0lfX0X0X0X0,0X0X0X0 XPX 0000X pX00 00X i vyj nP1 Bird Man 314 Spruce Street, SCRANTON, PA. Importer and exporter of Foreign and Domestic Birds, Pet Animals, Seeds, Cages, Gold Fish, Aquaria Supplies, Mocking Birds, Ferrets, Guinea Pigs and Rabbits. Night Singing; Canaries a Specialty. Just the proper thing for a Xmas gift. The only reliable store of the kind in the city. Birds ordered now will be kept until called for, Goods delivered free of charge, and all Goods Guaranteed or Money Refunded. FOX. The Bird Man. 314 Siaruce. . 1 PI I D MS flitting Blasting and Sporting Hanufactured at WILMINGTON, DEL., and WAPWALLOPEN HILLS, LUZERNE COUNTY, PA. SPECIALTIES : Du PonfSf Smokeless Rifle Such as used by the American Ride Team in their International Contests and by the Thir teenth Regiment Teams at Creedmore. Du Ponfs Smokeless Du Ponfs Chokebore Du Ponfs Target Powder HENR BELIN, Jr. Q:nsral Agsnt (or the Wyoming District. Room 401 Connell Building, Scranton, Pa. AGENT I-OK Til 12 KKPAUNO CHEMICAL COMPANY High Explosives Safety Fuse, Caps " P.xoloders & '
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers