-V ' Tlffi SCUANTON TIUBUNE-TUESDAY, OCTOBER 2d, 181)5). wy.'ji""'iywff' WW' v .; sMpyflp? nr v- GREAT SALT LAKE FAST EVAPORATING IT MAY DISAPPEAR WITHIN 100 YEARS. left nt the Mercy of the Sun by the Depletion of Its Fresh Water Feed ers The Record of Its Decline In Past Centuries Clearly Graven on Its Mountainous Shores. From the C'hk-UKo Tribune. Hefoie unothtV century nears Its end, the Oie.it Salt I .nice, the myster ious, titleless Inlnnd sen mulled 4.000 feet above the level of oceans, limy have disappeared Into air. Kor three decades Its shore lint- steadily has been contracting. Its depth continually growing less, until today list ultimate destiny Is written so legibly that none deny the approach. The declaration that the wntcis are being wafted Into the atmosphere Is no tlgure of speech. Evaporation Is the foe which In certain course of time, under prevailing condi tions, Is gong to transform the vast expanse of water Into u huge, salt plain Ages ago, thousand of veurs. the geologists say, the Cireat Salt I.nko, then a sea covering the greater part, possibly the whole, of the gieat busln, began to subside, but strangely enough the agency which now Is hastening Its disappearance, Is distinctly of human origin. Of more astonishing purport still the Mormons, who made the valley of the, Jordan widen from a narrow strip of green to miles on miles of fields, of unexcelled fertility, are them selves the people who have saciillcod the lake. That they may exist, that their rich tracts may continue to bear, they deliberately an: cutting off the source of fresh water supply of the mountain sea. Stagnant nnd helpless the lake is coming to He at the com plete mercy of a pitiless sun. Not Fed by Brings. Not many years ago geographets and descriptive writers took a fancy to ex pressing a belief that the dreat Salt Lake was fed not alone by the four rivers which empty Into it, but by hid den springs at its bottom. As long as no one took the trouble to question the assertions, they were accepted as facts nnd by many persons are still credited. If there were springs at intervals along the bed of the lake it would not matter so much whether the rivers continued to pour their contents Into the basin, but no springs exist. They were called Into the pages of text books and into the accounts of travelers to explain why the lake Is so exceptionally salt. It sounded much better to say that nature by one of Its freaks, had opened up the crust of the earth at this point nnd sent volumes of briny water bub bling forth, something after the style of geysers and sulphur sorlngs, than to make the simple statement that the (witness, as with the ocean, was due to the proces of evaporation on a body of water lacking a drainage outlet, and that Us excess was the consequence of altitude. Plainly enough, If the In flowing water be diverted to other uses before it raches the lake, there will come a day when the salt deposit, which Is the result of the long warfare between sun nnd water, will stand ex posed, Its blanket gone. The Mormons, more, perhaps, than any class of settlers In the nrid dis tricts of North America, have mastered the science of Irrigation. They have been studying and experimenting for over half a century. Unfortunately for the Great Salt Iike, the lessons In economy In the usage of Irrigation llvulets have not served to keep pace with the Increase In population and the consequent necessity of the continued reclalmation of arid land. Rapid Evaporation. The fire.it Salt Lake Is 4.200 feet above sea level. At this altitude the evaporation is something enormous even with fresh water, while the ac tion of the salt Increases the dissolu tion n hundred fold. If water could be preserved, once It has been directed to a reservoir, Great Salt Lake might bold Its expanse of 1870 then 2,300 square miles for unnumbered year-lo come. Vet Its eventual fate would bo unchanged, for It Is decreed that the great Salt Lake Is not to endure uoon the face of the earth. On the moun tains which rise from Its shores It has written the story of Its fall of 1,000 feet. Although It Is given to no one to know the number of centuries which have witnessed the dwarfing proceys, the fact itself has been made so plain that he who gazes may be enlightened. The successive steps of the descent from mightiness to comparative lowli- lstl Qovereign emedies Victorious Over all others. No Faith Necessary. I 'Irtue gives true reputation. THEY POSITIVELY CURE Trade Mark Kes. Rhoumatlsm, Kldnoy Trouble Coughs, Dyspopsla, Blood, Ca tarrh, Asthma, Hoart, Llvor, Diarrhoea, Grippe, Ccnoral Do blllty, Malaria, Neuralgia. A Separate Remedy or Each Disease Every Remedy Etch Tor Sale at All Drngglsti. THE HOMeTrEASURE A book fall of Taluible Inforraatlou, SENT FREE to ny address. It In doubt ivlilib remedy In take, write ui, n ' we n-lll fWe your rate oar mint careful comlUeia lion abtoUKly no charge made. SOVEREION REMEDY CO., 1337 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa, j 1 1 1 A 25c ness are graven on the ranges of mountains, which nro within sight of the lake on three sides. The fronts of some of the mountains have tho ap pearance of having been formed by piling truncated pyramids, one on top of the other. The different shore lines of tho past stand out ns distinctly nnd ns evenly as If a surveyor's line bad been run along the face of the ridges. Terrace Effects. The terrace effect has one of Its best Illustrations along a spur of tho Oqulrrh range at the south of the lake. When the body of water was a sen. In truth, these Jutting mountains may have been a long, narrow Island, Either that, or else they wore entirely sub merged. In the latter event the sur face has fallen more than 1,000 feet, how much more no standard Is left by which to Judge. The line of the top terrace Is near enough to the summit of the range to permit tho theory that once there was still a higher level, above the crest. That the belief Is not Illogical Is shown by 11 comparison of the appear ance of hilly Islets In the lake, with tho mountains .back from the shore line.1 Frequently an Island shows a single terrace on the line, generally, of tho lowest of tho markings of the coast range. The level of the second terrace comes above the top of the hill, fur nishing proof that the Island, at least, was once far under water. No Imaginary description can give an adequate Idea of what must have been the size of the primeval sea. Many geographers have asserted that origin ally It filled tho entire great basin of which the so-called Great Ameilcan desert Is but a part. A Mystery of Science. The greatest mystery about the tldc less ocean lurks In the manner In which It subsided. Hy the mountain mark ings It would seem that some un known agency made Its force felt at regular Intervals, turning a portion of the contents of the basin with the pre cision of a man emptying a bucket. The power never was exerted in Its entire force, else there would be not .o much as a strip of water remaining. If It was of volcanic origin, lis applica tion In all probability, was made on tho region to the northward nnd north westward of the shore, each disturb ance opening a wider and deeper way to the sea. That the lake drained at one time Into the Pacific Ocean long has been a general belief, though geologists as a rule have insisted that the opening did not exist when the surface was at Its highest level. They have asserted for the most part the conviction that the body of water was as free from outlet then as now.and that the sinking of the earth's crust to connect the lake with what are now the Snake and Columbia rivers was the llrst sign of decadence. A few have demurred and have pointed out that the lake was a fresh water body In the prehistoric era, a state which would not have obtained long bad there been no rivers to drain Its flow Into the ocean. Tho Issue Is one which must ever go unsettled. Beaching Lower Levels. At a rough estimate the first depres sion loweted the lake upwards of 300 feet, assuming that the highest terrace was the highest lake level, letting loos" a torrent which must bave torn Its way through mountains ns If they were reeds, leaving plains where lofty peaks had been, digging Into tho bow els of the earth, perhaps quenching for the time being the subterranean fires which set It free until finally It bored Its path to the Pacific, 2,000 miles from the starting point of Its mad career. None may guess the Interval between the first depression and the second. Tho mountain handwriting tells of three separate falls, but gives no limit of the time which elapsed before one followed tho other. After the third outpouring n different disturbance must have raised the boundary walls and blocked tho former outlets. Three gateways may have closed at once: there is no saying that the freed waters followed the identical routes to the ocean. In deed, the contrary Is more within the range of probability. The volcanic theory fits nearly every hypothesis. An Abundance of Salt. The lake became salt after Its final egress was cut off. "Were outlets to be formed at this late period It would re main salt for ages, so deep has be come the salt bed in the centuries since stagnation has been the fate of the waters above. A few months ago a professor who made a series of ex periments, In the Interest of suit In dustry of the lake, announced that If every other source of salt supply In the world were cut off, the Great Salt Lake would be able to furnish tho In gredient as long as the world should endure. In that statement he made no calculations for the possibility that the lake Itself should cease to exist, but even in that event. It Is estimated that the solid deposits on Its bottom would be sufficient to prevent salt hunger anywhere on the earth for as long n period as the inlnd can grasp. It did not take the lake, long to be come Intensely saline after It was locked In. For Its expanse. It was shallow even then, not nioro than ifio feet deep at Its deepest place, probably not that. The maximum depth today Is sixty feet, nnd the average Is not half that figure. At Kome points one may wade a mile and .more from shore without getting In water over tho knees. It was as If a huge and shal low basin had been spread out In tho sun. The ratio of evaporation, far greater than at sea level, hurried the chemical action and In a comparative ly short time tho fresh water lake wns a salt sea. What may have been the effect of the alkali in the surrounding soil is problematical. Some persons have credited It with being the funda mental cause of the exceptional sullnl tv. In the proportion of solid matter In Its contents, the Great Salt Lake Is surpassed only hy the Dead Sea. In the former the ratio Is SG parts of water to 14 of solids. In the latter 70 parts of water to 24 of solids. The Salt Industry. The lake had been a long time an adjunct of Salt Lake City before tho Mormons set ubout to profit from the opportunity for salt tanking. In late years the Industry has Increased to such n degreo that It is not Improbable that the water numned out has con tributed somewhat to the lowering of the luke. The process of salt making Is simplicity Itself. Pipes are run out Into the lake and tho water Is pumped ashore, where It Is distributed to tho depth of several Inches over prepared oblong beds, formed by banking the mud up Into little walls. After eva poration, when the water is gono and only the white sediment remains, men are put, to work shoveling it up Into it heap lu the center. The product Is un refined salt, which Is loaded upon tint cars run out upon the salt flats by 11 convenient switch track, and shipped away. QUEER SCENES IN A MANILA PLAYHOUSE THE NATIVE DRAMA IN THE PHILIPPINES. What a Theatre Goer Can See for Thirty Cents In Mexican Money. Description of the Play, tho Play eis nnd the Audience Good Cheer While the Programme Lasted. Manila Litter !n Chicago News. Yesterday I visited a Filipino thea tre; and though the others present en joyed it in n different way, I warrant none of them enjoyed It more heartily then 1 did. It Is conducted In n large nlpa build ing that stands beside our road Into the city on Cervantes street. Passing in at the gate, an inclosuro was found where were booths, at which disposed for sale were bottles of pop and of so called lemonade, cigarettes, sweets of various kinds or, as they ure called Irf Spanish, dulces, that word Including nil forms of sweets, candles, desserts and the like. The performance was announced at 4. R0, but I was early, so a half hour was spent in looking ubout, engaging In good-natured chat and chaff with all the waiting men, women and chil dren. Hut I should say all children, for such they are, no mntter what their age. One old fellow wore red breeches, and I believe firmly he belongs to Gen. I'lo del Pllar's famous Twelfth regi ment that we were chasing last week, yet he was so childishly happy that I bore him no grudge for shooting at me. The Audience. There were' belles and beaux, and the beaux presented tho belles with necklaces of tuberoses and rose ger anium leaves skillfully strung on thread nnd making a pretty band; but when they were all assembled Inside, the odor of the flowers was too much like a funetal to be cheerful. The wo men's clothes were Immaculate, starched stiff and looking as fresh nnd neat as possible; their neck handker chiefs are their pride, and are bordered with lace, said In many cases to be very valuable. One girl whom I no ticed seemed got up specially for the occasion and was quite conscious. She had on long black stockings, and was the only one I saw who bore that dis tinction, nil tho others scuflllng around in their wooden-soled slippers suspend ed by the band across their bare toes. This particular girl showed by her manner she know she was pretty, and she was. In spite of having Indulged In the Spanish custom of putting powder on her face, but she was not shy, and If I had been able to speak Tagalo t am sure I could have fed her oh dulces at the lunch counter all afternoon. I might even have made It with Spanish, but I didn't. The Band. The band, a regular Filipino band, played in an open nipa building outside the theatre, and everybody walked about and chatted in tho most cood natured way possible. They were ns happy as children and laughtd nnd tnlked to me, and some things I under stood and some I didn't, but It made no difference. The band, on my appear ance played "Marching Through Geor gia" and "Itally Hound the Flag, Hoys." and all smiled and looked at me, and It was so good-natured I for got to bo embarrassed by so much at tention. A little Interruption occurred while tho "Hairy Hound the Flag" was going on, for there were some game cocks picketed nearby, and one pulled his plck'et in, and Immediately there was a fight which adjourned the band and caused everybody to rush, excited, to the spot. Hut the owner shortly ap peared and stopped the fun, so we went back and rallied round the flag some more and ate duleos nnd drank pop and chatted until the clanging of the bell Inside warned us of the approaching performance. The play bill at the door announced "The Martyr Husband" In which "Kl pastor Leopoldo" and "La pastora Leogarda" performed; last week It was "The Crime of Love," and possibly this was the sequel. Sociable. My ticket had ecjst 30 cents (Mexi can) and entitled me to an orchestra seat, but I got a preferuble position In a small box situated at the rear of tho middle aisle, raised about six Inches above the aisle and surrounded by a railing draped with blue cotton stuff. There were three seats in the box, and some pretty girls In a group near me were having a lively time, giggling, at tracting my nttentlon so that I saw I had something to do with It, hut could not tell what until one of hem, evi dently on a wager, came over and sat In my box. She was eating a roasted ear of corn, and seemed to feel very silly after she had come, and I allowed her to depart after we had said a few things to each other which neither undet stood, and all the timi the rest of her party kept up their giggle and chatter. An old gray-haired us.her stood near the door and directed people, while an other a fat, good-natured old fellow In slippers, and whose cotton trousers flapped around his ankles met them In front of my box and escorted them down the aisle. The band now came in from outside, and, taking the usual place, played waltzes while tho seats filled and everybody chatted and smoked, till finally a bell on the stage set up a dreadful clanging and the cur tain rose. The Piny. The dialogue was In Spanish, and It began by each of five people, who were heated In a very stilt row, reciting In 11 most stilted manner, both of voice and gesture, an Introductory story concerning tho betrothal of Don Some body or Other to Dona Something Klse, without their having anything to say about it themselves. In course of time the girl appeared and told her story In a high, squeaky voice. She was got up In a sort of Diana style of dress made of green satin, covered with gilt embroidery and spangles, and UVEPJTA THE UP-TO-DATE LITTLE LIVER PILL I CURES JBiliousnoss, iConstlpation, 9 DysDODSia. jSiclc-Hoad -lacho and Llvor Complaint. PILLS Sola by all dnnrttlsts or seni uy man, INtnlti Medial Co.. Chlcw ntTO iUfljiHErtii 100 I SO W I J. i with low neck nnd short sleeves, while her aigrette was huge, nnd I wondered why she wns wearing that rig lu tho wild woods where she appeared. Her fiance appearing opportunely with his father nnd n few other busi ness men, tho young couple were be trothed, nnd, walking toward ench otlrer, she stood very stiffly nnd placed her left hand nbout over his 'Svcr, and ho put his left hand behind her waist and his tight ah, well, I hnvo no business discussing n woman's an atomy. 1 know only that they were both ns stilt ns possible and Dlnuu did not look or net happy over her betrothel. ttach scene ended with n sort of gr.ind march, and the half dozen people on the stage stood and mniked time till they caught It, and then pranced lu twos down to the front, nnd, halting for two or three steps, fnced outward and marched to the corners and thus around until they disappeared at the back Every exit was mado In this manner, no matte If there wns but one person concerned. Curtains were raised and dropped for the different scenes, nnd the stage set-, ting was quite like our own. only very simple; indeed, it was not typical ns a Filipino thenter, but was quite Span ish in costumes, dialogue and plot. And, true to report, tho heroine had several admirers on the string. Her fiance, to use n. slang expression, was) not In It, nnd when the real article appeared on the scene nnd announced himself you could tell at once by his general "get-up that ho had the confi dence which must ':aVry him to suc cess. Lively. He talked a long time about It, all to himself, and mused and raved, vow ed nnd prayed, shouted and hissed, and when Diana appeared I lmvo for gotten her name, but this Is whnt he looked like he Immediately began to chase her around the stage, dropping on his Uneo nbout every third step. However, she knew her business nnd wns by turns haughty and coy, dis dainful nnd reluctant, until another suitor appeared on the scene nnd tried to get up a row with tho favorite and be almost succeeded; indeed, they drew their swords or knives or something else of that sort, and that fetched her. She declared her preference, threw her self into his arms and left the re jected gentleman to take himself off without even the assistance of the or chestra. Hut he marched around and out Just thie same, only stopping at each turn to utter curses, which were greeted with shouts by the audience and whistles from the boys. About this time It was growing dark and a gray-haired old man who look ed exactly like one of the pet monkeys nt camp, came around with n ladder, and. leaning It against the posts, climbed up and lighted oil lamps through the room. The pop began to flow, cigarettes were plowing every where, dulces and roasted corn wore felfeife&lcfefefetfe m Prem'w Package, High Quality, Low Price. m Used in EVnEESons of Homes. p IXN Our New Premium List, whichlwill shortly appear in this paper, will surpass everything ever offered heretofore! WOOLSON SPICE COMPANY, Toledo, Ohio. In demand and everybody was enjoy ing the afternoon hugely, they wero ntlentlvo to tho stage, and nn occa sional pcnl of laughter or loud talk ing wns promptly hissed, while hu morous remarks were greeted with shrieks. The first act ended without the wed ding, and while it might easily l,.tvj occurred between the acts, I conclud ed not to wnlt .and wltnnrs the poor fellow's martyrdom; if was evident from the heroine's performances that he wns going to catch It thoroughly when the time arrived. HONEY AS FOOD. There Is Health nnd Long Life in Its Use. Dr. C. C. Miller, In "Gleaning In lice Culture." A pound of honey will go as far as a pound of butter; nnd It both articles bo of the best quality the honey will cost the less of the two. Oft2n 0 prime article of extracted honey, equal to comb honey In every respect except uppearnnce, can be obtained for half tho price of butter, or less. Hutlor Is nt Its best only when "fresh," while honey, properly kept, remains Indefi nitely good no need to hurry It out of tho way for fear it may become rancid. Sugar is much used In hot drinks, as in coffee and tea. Tho substitution of a mlld-fluvored honey in such use may be a very profitable thing for the health. Indeed. It would be better for the health It the only hot drink wero what Is called In Germany honey tea a cup of hot water with 0110 or two tablospoonfuls of extracted honey. The attainment of great age has In some cases been attributed largely to the life-long use of honey-tea. Many people think "honey Is honey." all Just alike; but this Is 11 great mis take. Honey may be of good heavy body, what bee keepers call "well ripened," weighing sometimes twelve pounds to tho gallon, or It may be quite thin". It may also be granulated, or candied, more solid than lard. It may be almost as colorless as water, nnd It may bo as black as the dark est molasses. The flavor of honey varies according to the flower from which It Is obtained. It would bo Im possible to describe In words the flav ors of the different honeys. The dif ferent flavors In honey are as distinct ns tho odors In flowers. Among tho lighter-colored honeys are white clo ver, linden (or brasswood), sage, sweet clover, alfalfa, willow-herb, etc.. and among tho darker are found hearts ease, magnolia (or poplar), horsemlnt, buckwheat, etc. Tastes differ as to honey ns well as In all other things. White clover is so generally preferred to buckwheat, with Its very dark color and strongly marked vs ?ee ft List w m 3SS s&aaLt' V jUs o & w srsBi 3 Q Special K.nnKnKK.nHnniiKnKnKKH . TUB LEflKR Scranton Store, 124-126 Wyoming Avenue. Dress goods and siks Who will meet these prices ? Today will be a revelation in this department. We shall place on sale just 1 1 ptcat lots all at less than the regular price. Lot i Our double fold plaid dress goods, just the thing for children's school dresses, real value ioc; special C Lot 2 Our 33-inch plaid dress goods, in all the i desirable effects, 20c grade. Special . : 1 2C Lot 3 Our high class plaid dress goods, 35 cent grade. Special ' 2UC Lot 4 Our all wool golf suitings, in the new greys and browns, real value 59c. Special 35C Lot 5 Our all wool dress goods, in mixtures, all the new colorings, 69c grade. Special 39C Lot 6 Our 38-inch camel's hair plaids, made to . retail at 75c. Special 49C Lot 7 Our new homespuns in all shades, 75c grade. Special 55C Lot 8 Our fancy black figured dress goods, 50c grade. Special '. 33C Lot 9 Our colored taffeta silks, embracing all the new styles and weaves, real value 98c. Special OOC Lot 10 Our 46-inch all wool black French serge 65c grade. Special 49C Lot 11 Our 50-inch storm serge, in black and , navy, 98c grade. Special 69C Special sale of high class astrakhan. $2. so value $1.25 $4.50 and $5 value $3.25 V3 V5 A A A A A 'A A A A A A A A A A llavor, that buckwheat honey always rules lower In price than white clover, yet there are some who prefer buck wheat to any other honey. Somewhat fortunately, one generally prefers tho honey to which he Is most nccustomed. In these days of prevailing adultera tion, when so often "things uio not what they seem," it is a comfort to know that when one buys comb honey he may know without question ho is getting the genuine article. The silly stories seen from time to time in th papers about artificial combs being filled with glucose, and deftly sealed over with n. hot Iron, have not the slightest foundation In fact. For years there has been a standing offer by ono whose financial responsibility Is un questioned of $1,000 for a single pound of comb honey made without the In tervention of bees. if. '4 iv ffsai VfXiA n. vS OCSk. 3l S 5ro, CsSjfi' Notice! . . AA A A A A A A 'A A AAA A A A A A A AX With extracted honey the case is dif ferent. AVhon you see In the grocery a tumbler of liquid honey with a small piece of comb honey in the center, you may be pretty sure tho liquid honey Is not honey at nil, but pure glucose. It not familiar enough with honey to de tect It by the' tnste, your only safe course Is to buy or the producer direct, or of somo ono who knows ns to its source .und upon whose honesty you can rely. Aside from its use in an unchanged state as n direct accompaniment of bread, or biscuit, honey Is used by bakers In manufacturing some of their choicest wares. An advantage in using honey for anything In the lino of caka Is In Its keeping qualities. Kven if ths cake should become dry, close It up in n breud can for a time and its fresh ness will return. HQ Save your Lion Heads and pro cure valuable Premiums Free. Roasted, Never Ground. Sold only in 1 lb. packages. x . x X X X x , X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
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