THE SCR ANTON TRIBUNE- SATURDAY, MARCH 4. 1800. 2 UJ RAILWAY PROBLEMS SENSIBLYANALYZED JTHE COUNTRY'S INDEBTEDNESS TO THE RAILWAY. Speech of Chnunccy M. Depew nt the Congress of tho Railway Employes of tho Mlddlo nnd Western States Held at Chicago a Few Days Ago. Transportation in its modem sense Is one, and tlio most Impoititnt, of the mighty acoucles which made tin- nine teenth tho most Important ccnturv in tho history of mankind. It ltns nlvv a a been possible for commerce to thrive lilonp navigable watcr-imuses, hut the diillculty In leaching tho interior, the cost of transportation Increasing for every mile by old methods, made popu lation and Industries Impossible upon any modern scale. The imagination Is uppalled In the effort to grasp where lire world would he today and what the condition of Its Inhabitants It tiro steamship and tho railroad had not been Invented. 'Without tho railroad there would have been no northwest ern, no mountain and no Pacific states. The few people in this ast territory between Chicago and the I'aclllc ocean would hae been engaged exclusively in agriculture. Their harvest, their Hocks and their herds would have beerr useful only for the food of themselves and their neighbors Tho cost of transportation would have been prohi bitive Cheap transportation by the railway has enabled tho Dakota, far mer to soil his wlreat to tho miller at Minneapolis or at lUrffalo, the miller to sell his (lour to New England nnd the Middle btates. It has enabled tire artisan to live, the factory, tho mills and tho furnaces to exist, tire mines to be opened and comforts and luxuries to be enjoyed by all the people. With a rnoderrr sj stern of transportation wholly developed within the three score years and ten allotted to tho span of life, every family, without re gard to its position in .life, enjoys tho comforts and luxuries In tho products of other climes, other countries and other continents which even the rich est could not procure a hundred years ago. Upon tho table oi every working man Is the food which has como thous ands of miles across the continent and the oceans, and in his family are the clothing, tho furniture, the tools of his trade and the equipment of his home, which represent a lesson in geography of varied Industries, of raw material and its place of growth and place of conversion into the manufactured pro duct, of tho lives and conditions of far distant peoples which were hardly within tho possible Information of a college professor in the time of his grandfather. FIGUUES THAT STUN. Slnco the construction of Stephen son's locomotive, seventy years ago, there have been built In the whole world 443,000 miles of railway, which were capitalized at thirty-five billions of dollars. The aggregate length of the railways of tho United States is 1&5.000 miles, and Is capitalized In stock and bonds at ten billions six hundred and thirty-five millions of dollars. Tho mileage of our railroads is sK times greater than that of any other country, and 25,000 miles longer than all the railroads of Europe put together. While the United States occupy but six per cent, of tho land surface of the earth, they have forty-one per cent, of its railway mileage. Tire Internal com merce of our country is ro vast flrat the tonnage annually carried by our railroudt is greater than the totals for Great Britain, Ireland, France and Germany combined, and to that may be added the ocean tonnage of all the seas also. Railway development In the tilted States commenced in 1S30. Irr that jear forty miles wero built. Up to 1SC0 we had reached in the thirty jears only i'.OOO miles, or less than a thousand miles a year. The Civil Wirr, by death arrd wounds, took two millions of men out of the active industries of the country; It destroyed over ten thousand millions of dollats' worth of property; it added three thousand millions to our national debt; it devastated ten stales, nnd yet the benefits arrd the blessings of the abolition of slavery, tho removal of the danger of disunion and the unl Hcatlon of the Republic In one great nation were r.o great that between 1SC0 and 1S70 21,000 miles of railway wero built between 1S70 and 1SS0 37.000 miles more, and between 1SS0 arrd 1890 77,000 rnilesi still additional, while from ISs'tO to lGf7 there were added 21.000 miles more These figures are more eloquent than the most glowing utterances that have moved armies to victor , senates to action and peoples to religious frenzy Every mile of railroad built means tens of thousands of acres brought under cultivation and opened tor settlement, It means villages and cities happy homes uird industries nnd thriving populations. It Is hiife to nay that without the railway development of todaj. If the population of Km ope or America were the same, the congestion would lead to poverty, starvation, mls erv and anarchy beyorrd the power of the Imagination to conceive r.QtTlPMKXT. The equipment of the tallwu.vs of rhe United Stute by the report of the In terstate Commerce commission, was, in round numbers, on June .'10, ISO", jr,,. 000 loeo notlves, 34.000 passenger cars and 1 2-!.(00 freight cars. There were In tho service or the railroads -that If, on their pay-rolls at the same time, S24 000 men, and there were paid to these men In that year $51)6,000,000, or 0.' per cent, of the entire expenses of tiro rnllvvavs for their operation There wero at least a million more inert en gaged in building cars and locomotives, in mining coal, In getting out ore. in mirkng steel rails and their attach ments arrd in a multitude of other em ployments which exist onlj to supply tho railroads, so that one In evers fif teen of the persons In the United States who are engaged in economical pur nuits or earning wages or salaries get tiyir living from the operation of tiro railroads of the country. The gross earnings of tho railroads of the I'trlted States in 1897 was $1,218,000,000 Of this ?466,00OOOO went for labor dlreetlv on the pay-roll; S287.OOO.0OO for material nnd supplies, which were mainly la bqr; $88,000,000 for rentals to tho owners of real estate, mainly oicuplexl for yards, warehouses dicks, et , 514,000. OQ0 went for taxes: JJ'0,000 000 werrt for interest on debts $20,000,000 went for other charges, nnd $87.000 000 went in dividends to the stock-holders. To make this situation more clearly under stood, of every hundred dollars earned by tho railroad, forty-one dollats go directly to the employes of the com pany, twenty-six dollars go for Interest en Indebtedness and rentals of other peoples and city properties, tiiren iini. lars are paid In taxes and seven dol- lara go to tho stockholders. This seven dollars, distributed over tho capitaliza tion, yields In dividends on tho stock ono and sixty-two one hundredths per cent., and four nnd seventy-one one hundredths per cent, on tho bonded In debtedness. To be entirely fair It must be understood that on about ono-thlrd of tho capitalization of the railroads of the country no dividends aro paid at all, which makes a higher average for the toads which do pay dividends. CHARGES DECREASING. When I entered the railroad Bcrvlcc, In lSflti, the rate per totr per mllo for freight was two cents, or twenty mills; the average rate per ton per mile on all railroads of the country In 189S was about seven mills. inls reduction makes tire rate of today little more than n third of what It was thirty years ago. Had our railroads received In 189 tho same rates for freight which they did thirty years trgo their Income would huvo been ntoro than double. One mill per ton per mile lelds otto million of dollars u vcar on the Now York Central This reduction has enormously stimulated the productive energies of the United States. The In terest on tho bonded debt at that period averaged 7 per cent. It has now como down to nbout 4'i per cent,, while most of the railroads which were payinll S or 10 per cent, have come dowrr to 1 or G per Cent. Tne public has received the whole of this reduction; none of It has been taken off from labor. Ono bushel of wheat In 1806 would tarry two bushels from Chicago to New York; one bushel of wheat In 1S9S would carry six bushels from Chicago to New York. SALARIES. Much Is hald about the salaries of the general officers, but while 02 per cerrt of the operating expenses of the railways was paid directly to the em ployes, only 3 per cent, of this went to the general officers Inst year. In this same thirty-three years of my railroad service, while rotes have gone down one-half for freight and one-third for passengers, the taxes have doubled These reductions In the net earning, of tho railway have not been felt nt all by the employes Orr the contrary, their wages have been constantly In creased. I take, for example, the pay roll of the New York Central, with which I am more familiar. In 1873 tho average pay of engineers on the New York Central was $ju per month orr pasenger trains and now It is $150 per month; lor freight engineers $00 In 1S73 nnd now $100: for firemen $40 per morttlr In 1S73, now $75 on passenger trains and $60 orr freight trains. Train men nnd brakemen recerved in 1873 $33 per month and rrow from $43 to $50 per month. Trackmen received In 1S73 87V6 cents per day and now they receive $1.33 per day The bondholders re ceived then 7 per cent. Interest on their bonds nnd the stockholders 8 per cent, irrtcrest on their f,tock. The interest on the bonds has been l educed to 3'i per cent, nnd the dividends on the stock to 4 per cent. SPECULATION The building of 150,000 miles of rail way rn thirty years led to great con fusion and to many errors and mis takes. On the one hand It stimulated an enormous Immigration nnd hfcttle ment; the productive energies of the country wero pushed to their utmost, and everywhere was feverish haste. Speculative spirit was aroused nnd periods of prosperity boon developed mad speculation, and ended In a series of panics phenomenal in tho history of business nnd finance. States, ter iltorles, fanning communities, mitring centers and cities clamored for rail ways. Agents swa tried over Europe presenting glowing pictures of the op portunities tor homes, comfort and wealth in these new communities, and1 along the lines of these recently con structed rallwavs. Syndicates and construction companies pushed the linos as far and fast as the becutities could be sold in the market. As fist as the construction company had closed Its account upon one line it moved to a new enterprise. ...rid the public be came tho possessors of the securities ot the new corporation. In most in stances the line at first did not pay, and tho Investing public Ion vast eirns of nroney by tho depreciation of lire stocks arrd bone's, or the foreclosure and reorganization of the companies. The communities which hid been most clamorous for the railwuvs, and had felt their benefits in the Increased value of their fntn.s, Irr the development of their water-power and In the sudden building of their towns, soon came into collision v ith the managers of the lines on the question of frelgln rate;, Politicians and demagogues who had been most aitlve In stimulating ihi popular demand for the railroad saw their oppoitrrnltv in promoting piiju dlces against It The railway mani gert. of thru period did not appreciate their dues to the publle. They wers autocratic and arbltrar and in in mv Instances untrained The busines. grev beyond the educntlor. of men competent to nranaiio It. It takes the qualities which produce n great ger -oral and make u jucci s.iful business ir"ti on a large scale to manage the Intricate relations of n railway com pany with its several ((immunities with lb Mineral public and with Its rri. plojes arid owners I'not utuus pi ices for salaries und In lump sums wore bid lot thU'tulent, oftfii without success The dlfierenc,e between ntr able and even u moderately equipped inanuger will be to a great rai' end to natty millions ot dollars that his stint y cuts, no fipirre. The inahllltv of tnanv rail way manager, to pr.tep the situation, tho panics which threw whole com munities irrto bankruptcy or suspended Industtifs which meant extreme pov erty, and the misrepresentations of the politician who hoped to climb to power orr a new Issue, created violent antagonNms in many states between the people and the railroads. POPULISM. Then came forwnrd a class ot states, men who formulated I1III3 as remark able for their Ignorance of the sltuutloit us they were injurious to both the operations of the road and to the peo ple who patronized It Tho greatest nnd most intricate scientific pioblem of the ago could not be solved by sweeping measures of restriction or confiscation prepared by men, however honest and well-meaning, who lould not possibly comprehend the subject The consolidation of connecting lines was violently opposed as hostile to the public Interest, and .the argument seemed unanswerable, but the enor rnous benefits to the public Irr tho re duction of iate, the Improvement of the litre und equipment, tire speed of trulns arrd the disappearance of fric tions nt evory terminal, which have resulted fiom tho conbolldutlon of the eleven loads which formerly made the New York' Central, of'jlie half dozen which formerly made the Lrke Shore, tiro so universally admitted that a pro position to to-dlssolve them into tho original lines, and change freight and passenirors at each end ns foiinnrtv I would now raise u revolution. Legla- Sunday School Lesson for Christ Freeimig from Sim. JOHN VI H. 32, 33-38. BY J. E. GILBERT, D. D LL. D., Secretary of American Society of Religious Education. CONTEXT. The discourse delivered by Jesus In tho temple on the last day of tho feast (part of which wo studied last week), was variously received In Jerusa lem, snmo approving, others dtsapprovm?. This division of sentiment was favorable to Christ, for tiro two parties held each other irr check, preventing any overt act on tho ono hand or undue cnthuMusm vn the other. The very olllcers sent by tiro chief priests to arrest 111m returned with out Illm, overawed bv tho majestv of Ills person and teaching (Chron, Ml, 43.19;. At this point Nlcodomus appeared again with friendly suggestions In Christ's behalf who contnued to teach In the tcrnploun molested. Hoping to accomplish by guile what they dated not do by open attack the ecclesiastics brought to Jesus a wo man taken In adultery, but Ho anuvvctad them adroitly und they slunk away con sclous of their own Imi urlty. Thus Jesus was left free to declare In still bolder and clearer terms Ills doctrines of life and elutv FOLLOWERS. - Our lesson begins (versa 32) with tho opening words nl the discourse then delivered, llo declaies Himself to be tha light of tho world not of tho Jews alone but of the tine. That thought was expressed by the evange list (John I, 4), and by Jesus IIImelf In His Interview with Nlcodumus (John III, I'll, arrd on other occasions (Joint 1, 5) This self-assertion contradicts His humil ity (Matt, xl, 29), unless His divinity Is confessed. Like tho term Logos, or word, applied to Illm, it is peculiar to the fourth goipel nnd In Intelligible, only as meeting currents of thought near tho close of the first century (John I, 9) Tho effulgence ot Ills naturo mrdo all things plain, lie was the toutttaln from which spiritual under standing proceeds. Without Him all was darkness, misery nnd death This asser tion had a practical end to enlist men In His behalf and cause. If they became His followers, the earliest and most ap propriate designation for those who com mitted themselves to Illm, they should have the light shining upon them and their vaj. DISCIPLES From the beginning just mentioned Jesus spoke at some length, ie letting tho aspersions of tho Pharisees who disapproved tho statement (verse 33), and enlarging His main thought all which Is omitted from our present study (verses It to 30). Having by His remarks awakened the fnith of some He instructs them (verso 31). What will Jesus say to those who believe Him' The question is not one of great Interest, because the ntrswer determines what ought now to bo done with them. He would mike them dlclples, that Is learners Ho did not suppose that the hnstv acceptance of Ills teaching, cotiFcqucnt upon a brief hear ing, wni all tint was needed. He knew thlt they must becomo students, that they must be nourished through medlr tlen upon the truth (I Tim , lv 15), tho method splrltunl growth (I Peter, II, 21), mentioned under both dispensations (Psalms I, 2-3) Hence, He iccommcmls n continuance In Ills word or teaching, the longer tlmo the better. For truth Is ap prehended slovvlj and comes only by de grees Into tho mind and heart as It is earnestly desired and sought (Prov. II, 2-1). latlon by the states done In this hasty and crude way threatened to sldetrnck larce communities and denrho them of the benefits of the senboard and in terior belnK broURht together. It took years to grasp, even If It Is now fully understood, the relations between a trnlrr of loaded cars of wheat moIng nlsht and da from Dakota to Now Yotk, requiring little for Its service of the ast equipment ut stations and freight yards along' the line, und the local train which took up a partly load ed car here and there and served the communities within the state line. Tim REMEDY After a bitter struggle In our own state of Ne. York, which lasted some M'arf, and which threatened tho com nieicial Hupremuo of tho state arrd city, as will ns tho destruction of the New Yotk Central Railroad as a divi dend palrrsr company. I met, by tho author ltj of Mr. Vanderbllt, these com mercial bodies AVe discussed these qrrestlons lor months; no took volumes ot testimony I became convinced that of the three methods of meeting tho question ownership by the state or tho natlorrul government, universal consoli dation, rrot only of connecting but alsu of competinu lines, and uliUe and na tional super vision the last was tiro true solution ot the whole diillculty. It tequlied the united strength of the commercial bodIe and of the railroads ro Induce our legislature, so heatpd had the public feeling become, to create a railway commission and give it these supervisory powers ir got In full op eration aboitt the tlnn- that 1 became president of the New York CVntml Railroad. For tho foutttn eats of my administration and until its close I was brought irr constant contact with the commission and ltn operations, and felt that it worrld be strengthened by having upon It a railway man' from tho working forcp, and securing an amend ment to that effe.ct, Michael RIckard, a locomotive engineer, was uppolnted. The New Y ! Central ban never resist ed any order of tiro com-nllon. Dlrect 1 Its orders have cost the company hundreds of thousands of dollats a ear but Indirectly the benefits to the public and to the company have been Incal culable. Every shipper und passenger and employee knows thut a two-cent postnge stamp will carry his complaint to Albany, and that It will be Immed iately heard. He need be nt no ex pense, for the commission will under take to act lit his behalf A l'EHBONAL AEUJHION. The lallway question has dlsup. peared from New York politics. Vin dictive, oppressive and sulking railway bills have disappeared from legisla ture. The people have so much confi dence In the commission that Its rec ommondations meet with the uppi ov al of the legislatures and governors If I may bp personal, tho best evidence of the disappearance of the railway question from our politics nnd of tho recognition by the people of the Em pire state thnt a man engaged In the railway business Is doing his part as a citizen as honestly arrd Is entitled to as much, consideration and confidence from his fellow-citizens ns those who are following any other pursuit, Is my election this winter to the United Htatea senate. It received the support of every newspaper of my patty nnd of every newspaper of the opposite party, except possibly two or three. There was no contest and no canvass, no campaign, no committee, and not the expenditure nt n dollar, and yet the election was unanimous. The signifi cance of this is that I have been four teen jcurs tho olllclnl head of one of the greatest railway corporations of the country and chalimnn of the recent aitoUutloir irr which were represented Marcli 5. FREEDMEN.-Such discipline, tho only true nnd approved dlBclpleshlp a long continued Investigation of tho word of Jesus will havo two results, tho ono pre paring for and producing the other (verso 32). First, the disciples "trow tho truth" Ho will havo nn Intellectual and experimental acquaintance with those eternal and vital verities of which Jesus spoke. It appears that our Lord was no friend ot IgnoranCt! (Hos. lv, b.) Ho be hoved, as tho writers of the Old Testa ment did (Prov, x, 10, that knowledge was essential In this life, as it will be tho possession of tho next (I Cor. Ml 12) Second, tho truth, as acquired will make free Hero Is mentioned u gradual pro cess, even as tho search for truth Is continued. Tho liecdmun Is ono who Is delivered by tho working ot truth within him, enlightening his mind, forming his IdcalM, quickening his pur poses, purifying his tleHlres (Hob. lv, 12), delivering him from tho dominion of the Bcenes (Gen. ill, 0) and making tho soul regnant. (Cor. Ix, 27). IIONDUM. Wo do not know what im pression was made by theso words upon tho slmplo people who had believes, to whom they wero addressed. They must havo understood what was desired of thotit and they probuhlj ncted accordingly, llut others wero present, carping Phari sees, who seized this ns a favorable oppor tunity to raise a question and annoy tho Muster It was a despicable part thc uet ed, breaking In upon discourses not In tended for them, If pcsslble to turn tho populace against Jesus by disputing His positions. They objected to the language, not nlono because of what whs said, but moro becauso ot what was Implied, that they wero slaves. This they repelled de claring that they wero children ot Abra ham and had never been in bondngo (verso 33). Their statement was legally true, as no Hebrew coud enslave another (Lev. xxv, 42), but historically false, for they had been In captivity to all surround ing natons (Deut. M, 12). They desired to Know what Jesus meant In saying they should bo mado free. SINNKUS. To this Inquiry Jesus quickly returned a very pointed and com prehensive answer In explaining lllni selt He set foi th the hllooph of tho spiritual life, and therein distinguished Ills sstem ot doctrine from that of the rabbis (verse 31). He ttcognlzed the con duct of man as proceeding from his In ward state (James ill 11). If tiro hearl was wicked the decils would be slntul (Matt xll, 31). Hence "whosoever corn nrlttcth sin Is the servant of sin" (Horn. l, 16), the slave ot unholy desires and impule. (II Peter il ID) The sinner therefore Is tho most pitiable of nil bond men, a helpless victim to his own evil na ture (Rom, Ml, 22). This Is the radical truth concernlrg man as set forth under the gospel. Its announcement here was tlmel These men, who were proud of their descent, wero Impute. They had been exposed In trelr attempt to en tangle Jesus on the qucstlcn of the wo man's adultery (verges 7 to 9), but now they are confronted with the open char go ot sinfulness. SERVANTS. Having shown tire condi tion of the Jews who had criticised Ulm all the lines east of Chicago, arrd stood before the public as conspicuously In this relation as any man In the United States. 'I he disappearance of this feel ing In New York was noted in 1SSS, when, lor the first time In the history of our tdnte politics, e delegation Irr New York was unanimous for the same railway president as Its candidate tor president of the United States. I re tired from that contest because the delegates lrom the so-called Granger states told me that the feeling In their states against railway men in every branch of the service was so Intense that a station agent or a locomotive engineer, or a conductor, could rrot be elected a trustee of un village on their lines, and that the nomination of a railway official for president Viould disintegrate their partj In their states. I heard one of tho'.e delegates make a speech to a rirral constltuenc-,, In which he argued, without Interruption or objection, that every penny paid by tho people tor Height en passengei travel was a rax and tribute wrung trom them foi the benefit of money sharks irr Wnll street The line on which he lived trad not paid u dividend to its stockholders In jeai.s, and the money which It canted went mainly to keeping up Its Hack, itn equipment, Its stations, Its jatds, in other words, to the labor of his fellow citizens, wlro, dlreetlj or Indlrectlj, received their living ft our this corporation. That man was elected to many ofllces on this isntte. nnd at the same time e-atned his. own living ns a Iawjer by the fe-es which he teceUed In ttylng cases for the railway companies Now, It Is -itch frauds, humbugs and tai-cnls that It Is out duty to politically ciush THE OTIIElt SIDE hile this htorn: was raglun around me- at the National Republican e inven tion, in 1S88, titers came into mv rounr one day orre of the depute- grand m.-s-tets of one ot the inilwnv ordets i think of the firemen Pushing mo avvaj Horn tho ciowd into another room, he said ' Mv boj died yester day, and while rrry wife arrd 1 were hitting Irr the house today und reading tho morning papers my wife sulci. 'Mr. Depew Is being attacked so bitterly because hu Is one of us thit. not with. Handing enn sorrow, 1 wish jott wi-ulel go und r-ce him ' I ante." lie wild, "simply to say toi the i.illwnv em ployes of the country that they be lieve that Irr jou their light Is being made tor the recognition by their fel low citizens thnt b given to bankers, to merchants, to furmer-s, to lawyers. to doctors, to ministers and t.tloou Keepers In promotion to publle olflce and responsibilities " The poor man. overcome by his eiwn grief and the emotion ul his rriesaije. threw Iiij arms around rue, kissed mo nnd went away. It was the seal of common brotherhood which binds In one mignry effort nil railroad men of tho United States to stamp out this unJitBt stigma upon the most useful of occupations, the most honorable of Industrie's and a ailing which requires the highest average of sobriety Integrity and Irr. telllgence. To bo personal for anothpr moment the gentleman whom I succeed in tho United States senate Is Senator Mur phy. He is a very estimable man and personally a friend of mine Ills busi ness Is brewing beer. Not a woid of objection has over been made by any newspaper or public nan to his ivlttlng In the United States senate, though beer Is the foundation of our Internal revenue tuxallon. The peoplo of New York believe, even If some of tho i,si of the country do not that a railway man is qultely its likely to reputably set vii tho public and promote the wel fare of the whole country as a brewer. Tho great change) In the lullvvays of Jesus sought to make them know tho outcome of their expectations. Thoy thought themselves secure us tho pes terlty of Abraham, entitled to all manner ot spiritual privileges as tho direct re sult of tho covenant, llut. having be como sinners, violators of tho law, tho I wero no longer part of tho household ot faith. As servants (borrowing from cast era customs), they hnd no permanent or abiding right in the kingdom of heaven ' They had forfeited all that (verse J5) it Is thought by many that the rejection of Hngar and Ishmael was here in mind as an Illustration (Gen. xxt, 14) as after ward used by Parrl (Qui. lv, 30). Uut wlrllo His hearers had such a slight tenure, and wero destined ero long to be rejectad, Jesus announces himself as tho Son of tha King and therefore tho heir, one who shall abide forever In tho glory of the kingdom. This announcement of himself was eminently proper under the circum stance. FREEMEN. It Jesus wbb tho Son of God nnd tho heir to honor and sovereign ty, Ho possessed authority which might bo exercised to tho protlt of all who suf fered nny disability, lie, therefore, turns to olfer to tho Jews wlrrt lie had already Bhown to be their until emc) need, liber ry from sin, returning thus to tho ver sub ject that had provoked tho question He was able to glvo freedom not independ ence ot all law (God himself is not thus free), but a right, opportunity and ability to act In accordance with all law. That Is true, genuine freedom, to bo desired above all other possible good (Gal. v ; 1 i Thus Jcsus had brought the Jews to seo that whllo the- boasted ot their political condition, they might, through Him, ob tuln a religious, moral, or spiritual con dition Hint would make them freemen (V. 311.) Their shackles might bo broken, and they might go forth rejoicing In tho exercise of God-given rights and privi leges. This vns a most happy wav of placing Himself before thoso who hated Him, as tho one who could bless them most. RBFLECTINS -Freedom and Its great synonym, liberty, has been the watch word of man In all ages. Vost stotcs of treasure have been expended and mil lions of lives havofc'cn sacrificed foi its attainment Wlnkeiteld, the Swiss, who gathered an armful of spears Into his own breast, as he rushed forward em the berried Austrlrrr lints, exclaiming "Make wav for liberty 1" Is a type of tho noble soulj who have preferred to die rather than live without the coveted boon of freedom. And jet, long as Ins been the struggle, many havo endured the most galling slav civ nnd refused to bo set tree. Spiritual llbertv freedom from the curso of the moral law. from the burdensome exactions of the ritual, from the love, power and guilt of sn, fiom the dominion of Satan; from the corruption of the world, from the fear of eh nth aire; the wrath to come, this Is obtained onlv through faith In Jeus Christ and the elevating and quickening powo of the truth npplled by the IIolv Spirit Who ever Is mado free by Him is free Indcod no menucles eait bind such it liberated soul. today and ot tho creative and settling J Periods Is tint Individual ownership has disappeared There is no railway i SVstpm 111 Mm enlinli fiiin.niniitii. ,f . ,- ... ... ... .w.....,r .-,.. - . ..... hi v.t whose stock Is owned by arty one In terest. Ary management which treats all Its stockholders alike, which Is free from rlnsss or Inside urrangeni3tits of nnv kind by which a few get iih nt the expense of the rest, will iu con- J tlnueci uy tne stockholdrs in o lice a i long as the teturrs are satisfactory. That management must do something mote, however, to lemaln Irr power than haie simply satisfactory returns. It must satisfy tho public, and It must hae from Its employes that undent nnd healthy r-etvlee which come onlv ft nin thelt satisfaction with their em ployment and devotion to Its, lute test" "When I first entered the service, of the Wvv York ftntr.il lallro.td the -vast majority of Its stock was owned by one man und tho balance by a few hundred nthch Now there Is u constituency ot aboitt fifteen thousand . r.ow Its stock arrd that of the other solvent tallioads is owned bv people of mod etate meat's and by savings banks nnd life Insurance companies whose Inves' inetits represent tho hat.' -earned -nv-Ings of the working people. INTERESTS OP EA1SOE legislation ott rallwav matters has become not only of great moment to the fatockholdets. but of much gi eater to the emploees. When unwise laws injuriously affect the operations of a iniltoad line the manager at once calls) together the members of ull the depatt tuents. He snys, "Under tho operations of this law our earnings havo been cut down so much. That will prevent our paying dividends," or if the toad is not paying dividends "That will pi event our meeting the Inter eM on our bonds and our company will go Into the hands of a leceivet Now our nflltfal lives are at stake. If the stockholders aie dissatisfied the dlrectots. will till 11 us out: If the road goes into the hands of. a receiver, "-onto politician tnuv be ap pointed by the coutt and he will tutu us all out. Where enrr we cut down ex penses to meet his loss of net earning?" The only elastic thing left Is labor, of course these reductions mean, In the coutho of a few jears, the impairment of the lino and its equipment, they meun ery much pnoier bervleo. The General Superintendent as. "I can take three or four men a mile off the Hack" The Supeiliitendent of Motive Power says. Dy making poorer tlniu und consolidating trains I think I may lay off twenty per cent, of the trains." Tho only elastic thing left Is labor. Of duco the lrom n In the shop to half time, cess continues tlnough the yurds, and in every department. A practical and horrible lesson was given in 1891, when one bundled thousand men were dropped off tho pay roll. That meant air Incalculable amount of misery. Rail way employment Is a special vocation. Tho conductor, the lotomotlve engineer, tho tit email, tho brakeman und tho BWltchman cannot readily adapt them selves to anything but what in krrowrr as common labor, and for that they ate not fitted. Now, legislators and public men do rrot mean to do Injustice, except a few demagogues The rest ure honest minded to do what la right. In states where the railway prejudice exists thoy expect a tallroud piesldent, or the tatlrnad manager, to be unscrupulous, und pluco little confidences In his state ments, but a committee of the em ployes, Intelligently understanding the question, would bo listened to at once. They would be listened to especially If the politicians know that these active Intelligent and efficient workers, as all rnllrond merr are, Irr the political pur lies Irr their several districts meant business, that they proposed to tuko (LtrrtiCiiimmimiiiffliiminitn imiiroiinwmnnMimwiiiirnrsrraiH nHTnTnmvwn WAiAiAU&LUtl ASTORI "i", ,,'Mii if ii :-, i.;i,i,-i i.iiii'ini AVciJetnblcPrcnaratlonfor As similating UicToodflndRcgu!a linrj the Stomachs andDowdis of jRlgggSeim! Promote sDi'gislion.CkcrruI ncssandnest.Gonlalnsncilricr Opium.'MorpliirKJ nor Mineral. Not Narcotic. IcapeeflXda-SXHTirJTVDm Janp&m SctjZ' Alx.Uniim Jirwrrmat ItvrmStid -(tnnfud Sagir . IfWrywtteHW Apcrfccf nemedy for Constipa tion, Sour Stomach.Diarrhoca, ondLoss OF Sleep. TaeSimilc Signature oE NEW 'YORK. CXACT COPY OF WRAEPEH. 'LIT.. READY REFERENCE GUIDE or S(ranfon Representative Firms Altl .MAII.UI.VI, I I! AM INC AM) I'HO lO si PPMI.S. Tho (iiltlln Ait Studio, 200 Wjomlng. HANKS. Sorantor. Savings Hunk 12J Wyoming Merchants -Mechanics' Hank 420 Lai k. Third National Hank, US Wvomiug West Side Hank ley N Mtiln Lack Trust .V; Sato Dep Co 401 L icka Traders' N'at Iinnk. Wvom Spruce Dime DIs. und Dep, Vom. A. faptuee HOOls AM) MIOIS-W1IOI.I.SA1.I. Goldsmith Hros ."Ml Lackawanna. COM'l CIIOMHY AMI It'I. CiU'lM- U IHH.I.SAM William-,. .1 I) i Urn , .112 Liukawanna. I Ut ITs-NIIOI I SVI I Wegman fruit "o. 11 Lack tvviuir.i. (IKCK'I Us W IIOI.I.s n.i:. Kellv 'i .1 Co 14 Lackawanna. ll.VHim AHI. AM) .MIM. Si PIM.II.s. Hunt & Cnimell Co. 41! Lcekawinna IILATIMi AM) PI I MIIINfi. Ilovvbv V. T & M. T 211 Wjoming I1AKM sS AND IKt'NKs. Krltz, G W. 410 Lackawanna IIL'II.DI.KS' II.VIIDU Altl'. SIOVI.s, I. If. Lackawanna Hardware Co , 221 LacUa. lll.ltlllV;, sPHIV.s, Lie' The Scran ton Bedding Co, il Lacka. ll.VUIIU AUI , sTO I.s, HC l.eimaid. Titos 1. L.icktiwann.i ne ItAMII.NslItl MINIS AM) PIAND.s. rinn a I'hllllps, rs Wjomlng 1 lltMll It I. AMI I V It PI, l-i Protlreroe & Co 131 Washington. I I'MHI It AND Pl.VMMi .Mil I Arrsley, Jo-eph Son, $01 S't.iutori. DIAMONDS, vl(llls tNDJI.lMl.m. Metcettau .S. Council, IMT Lackawanna Ml Vis D I tll.l Mil. I s Cnir. T. R. A. Son, 213 Washington (1KAMII MONl MI.MAI llillths Owens Htos , 214 Adams IOVNAM) III II DIM, VssOlHllONs. Secutlt.v Hldg&SuV go Union Meats Hid,; CIIACkl Its, t M.s, I If. Nat Itlscult Co CScia'n Itrini lit IMi.nK eWlil'LYOI'S VNDIIAKNIss. Slmrell, V. A , 515 Linden. PAPI It AM) III ( llllt s( PPI II s Uthman Paper Co, 225 Spuue III III II. I (".(is VND III I SI Stovelis, P. I Ar Co .2 L.ulc.twunru I llll K. Ill D. II Vi IMI (,l( VIS The Weston .Mill Co Lackawanna av. M i 1KOM VND I UMirl I I I Cutsesu Hros, "' L.ti li ivvuiiii.i ave JINM.MKs AND HIM i Us - (l sM I Lov, X H A. Hro, Trailers HWh lit ill It, I litis. 1 1 111 . 1 1 a . 1 ir E.t.terle &. Co 1.11 rnuiMiii Uubioek, II T. A. Co, Hi, 1'i.inklln J I Nl I.I Its AM) III II M VII It I VI Phillips Geo At Co, Coal i:cltaugc VV INI s ND I KIIDK. C'tisrj Hros JIG Lackawanna. I II I. INsl It VNCI COMl'M . Northwenti'in Mutual Lite, Meats Hldg I.VW VM) 01. 1 1 riiov Okell & Dunn Coal EschattHO. Yoium, Geo. C Connell Hldg MOVC1.I S AM) I'lllllD si PPI Hs. riorey & Brooks. 211 Washington DM KALI'S, INDI HU! AH, LIT. Harris, S , ::22 Perm ave I l llllinriMl OIIS AM) OKI tSl.s Maloney Oil Mfg Co, 141 .Meridian Oil, PAINT AND VAKMsll Maloney Oil Mfg Co , 111 Meridian. srrioxi:is and rviitw i.its Prendcrgast AL Geipel, 207 Washington. I l'Ni:i VI. DIltK I Oils TuRiie. P W 113 S Main , Residence 1121 Jackson Price. William, 135 S Main DRV OlMIDs, MIOIs AND (iKOCLIUI'.s McCann, P. J . 4U X Muln tho same eato of their interests that other labor unions do of their Intot ests, that farmers do of their Inter ests, that bankets do of their Inter ests, that manufacturer a do of their Interests. It Is here vvliote jour league will be of Incalculable benefit to tho members of every department of the railway sorvlce. 1 For rent, for bale, lost, found, rooms, board, lodging, situations wanted, etc. ate advertised orr Page 2. I 1 .. mi Mil H i, i m w l For Infants nnd Children. The Kind You Have Always Bears the THE CCNTAUH COMPANY NEW VORK CITY, I Signature JAw f r J(v The l(f Kind iI You lave 1 Always Bought. wzxnzjrxvxix ESSSESKreESies NEW YORK HOTELS. The St, Denis tlrcnrtway and Eleventh St., New York Opp. liracc Church. Gurorsan Plan. Roams $1.00 a Day and Upwards. In a inodoA and unobtrusive way ttaero ar few bettor conductocl SoteU In the netrouollj tlmn tho Sf. Donf llio uroat popularity It ha acaulred on readily be trucsd to its unique, location, lto horaollko atmoantmro, tiro poculUr excellence of its cutalus ana oervlcs, ami it Ttr xsodw lite prices WILLIAM TAYLOR AND SON. ffiTlie HOTEL, Cor. Siileenlh St. and Irving Piaca, NEW YORK. AMERICAN I' LAN, Day and Upwards. EUROPEAN PLAN, Day and Upwards. $3.50 Per Si. 50 Per I. D. CRAWFORD, Proprietor. :-x:x::-::-:-:x:-w:x:::. For Business Men III Ihe heart of tilt uliolef.iilcdi'.trii.t For Shoppers 3 mmulf v ilk to Wanimileit 8 ininiitis tu mii,c1 coojitr x llig More I a cf jiuis to the (jrc it Dry Cowls toit. For Sightseers. One lI ick from II w.iy Cars glviug 1 -i II oii-poitati in to all poiulsol Interna . MEW YORK. ik 1HI1-.T M'MVIK'IlYirUI t)nl Out Plueklruiu lliuudiH ROOHIS, S UP. nESTAURANT vv'!M,X,XHX'K"X,X,'K' '"' ' ASicramEB&iaETON Mr 99 p m r m M GIVES THE. BEST IUGHT vOPIP to!5AiyTEIY54FE FOR SALE BY THB ATLANTIC ill SORANTOM STATION. MAKE PERFECT MEN ftr Lohtjrr Ihr joji mil amhitiontuf life can b rf torn! lu ) u Thx wry worttrtx vefNertou Hrhlllti am iiQiui ty iur u i) ri itrtrin lmnart tutor anj Uiit.ttcv til ...rv fun,. lion tlrAreuptliir.tcrn Ulv jct. bloom to 1110 rhcrkfanltu.tre to the ot. ofrVlVounff orolit On, Mc bovrinrwi vital ciwrffy fOIJe boiei nl fi f.oacanitiicttfuaintredruraTniy or ibtinrr r undeit en bo rarrlej In vi.l tjr pocli.t Pi I nv.rjrtvltfi or mall.il In lain wrapper on i.ccH'.Ki oriio by tne rmimtr tu,, on., tidj., uici.o," Sold In Bcraiiton, I 'a by Mnttlicvvs 1)1 um unci MeUiurah & 'lliomaa. ill iir.'-i1'-1 Albert fcflfffr W ,lv A XV Q . ' a BXVSllioiio tiny CJuiiNiiIrN 11 r- -"" I 11611? r In 'IH linurit n hour. .,,. , I El.TrViln'oucilcnrriillrctlusIMinY 13 'Sftbelm unil Inlrillmin full. V
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers