10
THE SCR ANTON TKTBUNE- SATURDAY. NOVEMBER 12, 1899.
3f
" - 3
RESPONSIBILITIES
NOT TO BE SHIRKED
THE ISSUE OF EXPANSION IS AN
INEVITABLE ONE.
Substanco of n Notnblo Pnper by
Franklin MncVcngh of Chicago
Which Argues That the United
States Cannot Draw Back from
Fighting the Battls of Universal
Democracy.
The following paper was rend le
cetitly by Franklin MneVoagh before
tho Chicago Llterar.v club. It Is wor
thy of careful perusal by every Intelli
gent Atnerlcnti:
The new ccnturv piomlRos IntoteM
Ing and iiuiioitaiit lutornutlonnl devel
opment. The International activities
of the last fifty yenis, It I. likely, have
been preparations for lasting readjust
ineiits among the nations. Napoleon
gave Eutopc too sholt a time to be
come either lepubllcan or Cossack; but
the underlying International Issue to
day Iri as Napoleon tin tight It would
become, between the folees of doillo
iiih') and those of absolutism; the one
lopresentod by England ami the other
by Itiifo-la It seems lo be settling too
Into nn l"tie bet'viM'ii the (lotmnnlc
nicm and the Slavoi Ic, the two ie
uinlnlng femes thut are at once Ki'oat
and growing ri pater; mid th" two
Moos which, In their uggtogatPa, lep.
rihflit flee topi osontntlve government
on the one hand and absolute buieau
cratlo government on the other. The
rntentlon will be for the londeishlp of
the woild, and for inaitc.y of the
grent out rents which will make and
model the civilization of the next eui-
tuiles. And If International develop- I
meat. Involving the futuie of fiee
RoM'lllineiit, free comineice and flee
men, ale uppi nothing, one can see the i
Kie.it Impimhlon sine to be made upon j
the woild by imv milked change In
the Intel national Impottance of the j
Vnltcd States. The fulled States has I
foi a long time assumed to be of no
Importance to international adjust
ments. On the other land, the United
States Is a giout power. It has be
come potentially the stiongost of na
tlnn the most powemil that ever has
existed. (Contemplate then what a
tremendous dln'oionce It will make if
such a nation, not havlnR been taken
Into net mint, has suddenly to be taken
Into account.
oru phohlems would 1'iinn.
leus..
We tic then that the ijuestiuns now
rgltaliim nn people. touching our foi
eign pollcj. i oik em not only our na
tion and Its fuiiiif.. but almost more
the whole woild ol nations and their
futere
My pilmaiy olijict in this address Is
not to epiess my Judgment of what It
Is wise tot our country to do, but to
lntei pi el the nation's dilft. not lo tell
you how much the countiy oiiRht to
expand In Its teultoiv and Its foreign
policy, but what expansion I believe
is cei tain to take place, whatever you
or I may think about it how much Is
inevitable. Most of us had become fo
accustomed to a hoiizon bounded bv
our own continent, weie so iinoxpeet
n nt of any Intel ests but those, of our
own isolated deeloimn'. weie so
imbiliilened with the thought of being
our lumber's keepi r. that to suddenly
find nut selves fuelnr the whole woild,
with ewry chance of tnkliiR a hand In
all that rocs on In It. and of hnvliiR
possessions Rie.it or small all oer the
woild, K the stinngest metamoi pilosis
any national situation has eei under
Roue. liut It Is liupoi'tlitit to undel
voild. Is ih,. Minige-t inetamoi pilosis
is onlj appaient '1 he general assump
tion is b no means correct that tetrl
toilai expansion and pat tlelpation In
foreign ulfnlis are both whollv new
ambitions, wholly new impulses and
wholly new lesponslbllltles and experi
i nces. It wouhl be wrong to mini
mize the untried elements In the founs
of tertltoilal and political expansion
which wo now confiout. Hut It Is ulo
very misleading to ovetlook what Is not
new In them
NOT NOVICES AT EXPANSION
Flist as to teiiltonal expansion; We
muely aie not novices at that. We
hine Indeed done so much in this line
that we mlu'ht seem to an outsldei to
have done little else The small coun
trv we had at the time of the lexolu
tlnn we had picked up out of nothing.
It was all the lesult of expansion and
colonization. Hut sine., then we have
taken on the vast Louisiana icrIoii
from Fiance and the huge Florida
region fiom Spain, Inning previously
secured all we could finm England as
the result of win. We then took in the
Hepublle or Texas, and went to wui
with Mexico for still moie lenltoiv,
and took another vast reRion leaching,
with the tesultaiit fiadsden puichase
nnil Texas, fiom ocean to ocean. And
'No Quarter I"
There is no
sense in trifling
with disease.
Death is a foe
ready enouRU to over
power poor tiiiman
iity nt the least op.
J'uiiuuiiy WHIIOUI
our Rilcling any
.tiling to the deadly
icnances oy uncer
(tainityor inaction.
Death is not the
.sort of nn enemy
to (Uiiy-uaiiy
w mi, nor cive
the slightest
'quatter He should
tie bayoneted to
the earth with a
sure and vigorous thrust.
There is just one medicine which can be
counted on with absolute certainty to over
come the deadly assault of wasting disease
and restore the rugged, masterly power of
perfect health The " Golden Medical Dls.
covery" of Dr. R. V. fierce of HuiTalo.
N Y., creates that keen digestive and
nutritive capacity, which makes healthy,
nourishing red blood, and keeps it pure
and alive with bounding vitality It nour
ishes, vitalizes and builds up every organ
and tissue in the body , tones the liver ;
heals the Iuiir-s ; strengthens the heart, and
restores complete energy and cheerfulness.
' I had becu troubled for several jears with
spells of titer complaint," write II N Drans.
field, Jlsq., of Centennial, Monroe Co , IV. Va.,
" and about two years ago my health Rave nay.
I tiled sarsaparilU I was getting worse all the
time I had a weakness In my left side and
limbs, palpitation of the heart at times, cramp,
inn pslni In the stomach alter eating, nerves
weak, and no energy for atelhliiR I took Dr.
1'ierce's Golden Medical I)iscoery, and tgau
to mend from the start I moii felt like a utw
person I am now enjoying splendid health
and have a splendid appetite Rood digestion,
and alfo a peaceful, quiet mind "
Dr. Pierce's thousand-page book, "The
Common Sense Medical Adviser" contains
over two hundred reliable prescriptions,
with directions for self-treatment of oil
such diseases as are curable without a pliy
slcian. Anatomy, physiology and the laws
of reproduction are explained, with over
seven hundred Illustrations. One copy,
paper-covered, sent absolutely free for at
one-cent stamps, to pay cost of lnaillug
only. Address, World's Dispensary Med
ical Association, Buffalo, N. Y. For a
fcttidiorae cloth binding; send 31 stamps.
, cB$r
t& '&
4&riF
v-x- i V
V-ASyHl I 1 tw
virfrxrr J
firt i
ns though we could not Ret cpouKii s
look far-away nnd unexplored Alaska
a llttlo later on.
You may say there Is a difference
between taking land on your own con
tinent nnd taking It nwoy from your
own continent. In these days of steam
nnd electricity that distinction has less
accent than It used to have, but It Is
a valid distinction yet. Hut at the
same time It Is dllllctilt to Iinnglne any
thing on the Rlobe at present more re
mote or Inaccessible or more difficult
of defense than California and Alaska
were when transcontinental railroads
were unknown nnd the only waterway
was around Cape Horn.
It must, however, bo admitted Hint
taking lands like 1'orto lllco is taking
lunds burdened with dll'lcultles, be
cause they arc occupied by nn alien
people; but even that is not n new ex
perience to our nation. Louisiana nnd
Floilda hud their alien populations,,
and Mexico and Spain had for a long
time peopled nil tho territories that
came to us through the Mexican win
and the Gadsden purchase. These ter
1 Hoi Irs were not thickly peopled, It Is
true.but they were peopled The exper
ience which confronts us Is more pio
found In degiee. but It Is not illlfeient
In kind. And again, from the landing
nt Jamestown until this dny we have
been nbsoiblng 11 continent peopled by
an nboilglnul race. You may sny we
have not been entltely successful In
dealing with thes,. Indians, but we cer
tainly ate not an lnexpeileneed na
tion In dealing with nllnn and aborigin
al poiiulntions
And If one thinks It a new departure
to be dealing as now with a European
nation with Spain nnd not with
Mexico, a nelfihbor, it is well to te
member that nil we hnve of territory,
ercpt what we took from Mexico anil
the Indians, we got from England.
Trance, Spain and Hussla.
However much or little this vast,
restless national expansion may differ
In ( harneter fiom the expansion now
llslng ixfore us, It seems clear that
It would not be remorselessly oxer
turning and upsetting our traditions
nnd policies nnd habits to take on some
Islands in addition to all the test.
THIS NATION V.KV.V. ISOLATI1D.
Tinning now to the second element
of the pioposed expansion p.ti tlelpa
tion In the Intel national politics of the
woild let me remind you that we are
not lnexpeileneed In that either. Hven
here we have not been an Isolated na
tion entirely. Kven heie we should not
be taking n wholly untried idle.
Our people weie a product of Kuio
pean politics. From the lliit landings
until the end of colonial life one-half
of our Interests nnd activities were en
gaged with International and fiino
pean affalts and polities. There was
no such thing as Isolation We weie
anxious enough for Isolation, but p.
sin h thing was possible. We were an
outpost or Kurope, and not only with
in us, but all around and about us
wete the currents and strivings nnd
eonlllcts and wars of the lhiiopeun na
tions. And after our Ic torv was
achieved and Independence was es
tablished we were never for a moment
outside the eonlllcts and complications
of lntei nation 11 politics until In the
war of imj we fought our way to a
second and mote secuie Independence.
It Is tberefoie a great Injustice to any
opinions we may form of the new
situation to base them 011 the assump
tion that we are iiii'ireiistomed to In
tel national life. From the vei v begin
ning until nfter isir, oui statesmen
were all trained to cbal with the bioal
el politics of the nations. Thev couM
scnicely contemplate a political cites
Hon Without lefelence to i:m ope
The stienuous jieilod of 0111 foi I-1
polities pased In ISir,. and after neaUy
-0) euis of iiiii emitting c omplUatlons
with the aftalis .if i:ui ope we hud a.
peilod of welcome and deseised lest,
in which to devote run tht". to our owii
domestic affairs, mit at 110 time rince
have we been an isolated people. We
wanted to test; i,Ut no glowing na
tion with 11 sens,, of its own value to
the w 01 hi ioiild live entlielv alone.
Very ninn- almost immediately the
insei tito icpuhllcs f cvntiul and South
Ameilca claimed our sympathy and
piotectlou. C'eitalnly no greatei iismji--tln
of lntei national piivllege, and no
gieater Interfeienie in International
politics ever was made by an uiisiip
1101 tfd nation than the assertion u..i
the interfeieiice made bv mil Monroe
doctrine, anil adheied to without ie
seive fiom that date to tills it s the
eiv highest esoence of Intel national
politics
pasi: or fhanpi: in mhxico.
I need not again remind you of the
Mexican war, nor need I call attention
to the continuous diplomatic life of our
nation Hut It Is well to remember our
c amplications dm lag our civil wur w 1th
England und Fiance, and our ftlendlv
lelnlloiiti with Itussla; and to tecnll
our quick hostility towaid France In
Mexico, when the eiII war was oc
We moed at once to the verge of war
with the Flench. After Fiance with
drew fiom Mexico we ugaln had Intel -national
test for a while, but It Is
eas to icMi'i'v the tull sense of our
grave lelatlons with England and
Venezuela only a shot t time ago. And
almost befoie we could take breath
uiraln we came to actual war with
Spain More than stxtv t lines has the
T'nlted States either actually used foiee
or foimally nuthoilzed Its use beyond
its own Jurisdiction; It has about thlity
times occupied foieign tetrilnry, and In
a dozen o' these Instances hns event
ually unnexed the tenltory It has in-
ailed. Such a nation can hardly be
called Isolated fiom the polities' of the
woild, or said to be Inexperienced In
lntei national nffalrs
INTP-HNAI, DEVELOPMENT
So gieat has been the Internal, the
domestic development of our nation
during this century so vast has been
Its continental expansion so marvel
ous have been the home energies of our
people so prodigious and spectacular
our sudden wealth and population and
national power such phenomenal sta
bility and conservatism have been de
veloped in our experimental democrat
ic government ho astounding a eh 11
war has come and gone, that our Im
agination Is filled to the brim with the
sense of our internal national life, and
we easily forget our International his
tory nnd netlvltles. So Immense hns
been our ' cime life that our foreign af
fairs are not lemenibered. Hut in view
of the necessity of forming Judgments
nnd opinions upon the situation now
confronting us we need n latlonnl esti
mate of the history of our foreign af
fairs. Nor should we allow ourselves to tin
donate our national capacity for co
lonial administration. It is common to
hear It snld that we are not "ut out for
dominion beyond the birdei of our
continent; that we have hod no train
ing to fit us for It. There Is much
disparaging talk of that sort. It seems
to 1110 not at nil complimentary, nor nt
nil fulr or Just. Wo surely taught Eng
land and tho world how colonics ought
not to be governed. For the first tlino
In the modern world wo formulated and
emphasized tho rights and the wrongs
of colonial administration, and the lee-
iwM5&Vf i'T"'4' .',l,J'e'eni'?M:"0f,''l-I"'i 'r Kvil PftS wwi J vl S5v Commanded Sir Thomas Hicl- ' h - ITy d&&k.
W'OOA M ' "A. 'fs I,',?"r'lV,V,5f't Kxtrnct as'sron as po r 'SMffllW&jS' SJ' sK dulph to send a. letter of thanks w . jJwMr!ilu&
'2ly T1 VOVvv .' slbln. KlndlyRletwnbottletol"irer N ,. ,, -5t" AUrAflffji TO.
Hf7LCSsVCSX for to-day's luncheon." YouMfulthfuIly, to Mr. HofT. TyXSd ftXo'JM S
j ,ljiVCS ItSkWsC1555 Johm Uwilu.m, Ccllarman, tor Jt.H.lt. Jf3HlJ&'V2
Empress Alexandre LMjhi ; WiP ' Victoria Auguste j
"f Russia, snys: liffef MAKES FLESH AND BI 001) Iv i -Jra-
U1, benefit at n., father, eourt" XVOft B A BIK'S UlXllXi&
mM7? ffAv ' Vv Dmprovcs Appetstc lw WVlM
iff mSS ,?5W ) AMELIA TAYLOR, M. D., of Chicago, writes. For four years my NJ 7"fev itSh W I IB
if u M ffiW practice has been interrupted owing to nervous exhaustion During the ''MgM" rfful
Ik k! 1! s- s. last two months I have taken Johann Hoff's Malt Extract, with an In- x ? lnFMi ' ttiB
l."S J ' !5- . liCSkAV creditable effect upon tho nervous system. fvjsi. W IzZmJgSv 111
f Af Emma Eames writes: ,7 ausss JjgM Mme. Melba wmes: "nwWmM
,AV. f.,a,y imnii'iiurrsAi "it VistrAain arrest U iss --. ggss3yfl!L . "I highly commend the penu- fci5 'TJyUiiMK -
rIM VV;vZ2Hl?t0X Jti measiire. tu fact that. t the ePiTof a fl 7?1AH ine Johann liolfs Molt Extract. ur-yyjVlmBk I
r'iwl Vv i.SvV)lSS---' ' ery hnrd (.eason, I am In bflterKrneral 530k iSa.???cS?xMI,pW"B SwffisiSsxyy ! -'! V il i.i. .ili.. .i:i t J' f VV'V'fAflHssH
t&iv) VC WSafev 'I health than at tie beelnnliiB. I hae CSS30Syl kjn- I use it with my daily diet. It '"v Vf iilUIBI
lYV Cr5x ront.mtly lived the Kfimlne Johann fcjvSfr-aC 3Wgy J WSg' ). jmnrovCS mv appetite and ill. rv s44&(i?gmm
rtiftl I Y&sNv. lS lloHVV. ill Extract with my meal., and SZSHtS I Av jV KsI!i ... n,Mt. 0. li&E M
l J2J( would not like to be without it." TA ' dV J CStl0n WOndorfully. j?frZ' mMM
Tl.i.api mi..!.. ' TlrTllllll iiii.m.wim WWM n'nwiiiwwiwMiMMi iimuIiii m MrrrBmni . i imii iimi.i.hi.mi iwia?i tfww.1 11 1 1 1 1 " - M-
Mini we tutight hint icwjlulionized co
lonial life and government We bine
lo-t liom nf the Ideals 01 knowledge of
those ilus, antl It would be dllllc lilt for
oui nation to Ignoie them In piaetlce In
I'U of the examples ol piehent Ung
lish i oliitiial goeinmeiUK, which me
th- 1 esnlts of our teachings. Indeecl.lt
wns because these Ideals weie lliinlj
(sed In our national chai.icter that we
could not undine the evils of Spain's
colonial sv.Htcm. and went to war
lather than have them continue.
IJut If we never had gained the last
ing pcileme of our own colonial life
and iievei hud thought out and fought
mi the 1e.1l prohlents of colonial ud
mlnlstiat'iiM, It -,,., tn nie It would
have been Impossible to doubt that our
nation wniild lie t'nelj titled lo any
C.ieiii political demand
. people thai could nil. no imti.ini-
nieli d uiidev iatlng and uncompromising
ilemoer.ii y to the widest nntionnl life
and make It the most conservative
foi m of government known to uinn
l.lnd, cm l'i. tiuxted to govern a few
colonies justlv, helpfuib nnd wls-elv
A people thut could administer and es
tablish and develop helf.goveininelit.
so nn to lulng no suggestion or ,.
louiiigeiiient to the demociutlc Idea. In
a countiy which had a vast system of
unquulillcd slaverv, can be ti listed lo
promote self-government In whatever
pait of the woild and with whatever
subject populations.
ANTl-HXPANSION' rn'OHHAH.
The ilnld. meehnnleal notion that you
cannot govein a colony without mak
ing It an Immediate sitnte of the union
and giving nil the Inhabitants the Im
mediate i-ufliase legardless of the In
habitants' Mate of political develop
ment Is a meie bugbear. Theie has
never vet been included In the idea
of self-government the leciulrement
that political lights and privileges
should at all times be universally eipial.
1a en! lights aie eciual. but political
lights, even in the fieest icpubllc, nre
Mill governed in part by expediency.
The light to vote has vailous Intel pre
tatlons In the different stutes of this
union Itself, and tho nenrrst approach
to uniformity In any one particular Is
found In the almost universal exclusion
of women, who uu one-half the popula
tion, unless it Is the exclusion every
where of all men under the nibltrnry
age of 21.
And once more, h uk not be over
impressod In this ciisls by constlutlonal
technicalities. Any countrv with a
wilttep constitution will always be
hampered In n now deporture. When
our civil war come on and when It
wn-i going on and nftot-wnrds when
the war was over we found ourselves
with m ave constitutional doubts and
obstacles. In the fit st Instance we lg
nori d them, being fenced to If we meant
to take tho great Meps of limiting and
abolishing slavery and of eentinllzlng
sullklont power In the fedmal govern
ment to govern a great countiy, und In
the hist Instance ve changed tho 1011
Mltutlon to cover the now depnrtute.
And now It must not bo an answer
to the cb mand for n colonial policy
lint the constitution does not contem
plate a colonial polli y. Of course, the
conMltutlon. at tho time It wni made,
rontemplateil no rolnnlal pollry. W
weio glad nt that time to stop being
lolonios ourselves. Wo dreamed only
of the dignity of governing ourselves,
nut I think we all can see, notwlth
standing our wholesome rcveienc for
the tnthets of th" icpubllc. that a
constitution nnd n.i.ional polii v adopt
ed by ttditeen halt-i onsolldaled,
weak. I "silled colonies, glad to b.- able
to call their life theii own. could not
be c Mici ted to hiimp"t the gruitcsi
iiatlun in the woild. And utn I'nusti
tutlnii has nlwayii lonteinplatt d Hi
own amendment and enlaigeinent.
Our coustltullou is a uiiuve), and It Is
a nuiivel In nothing o tntieh as In the
facility oT lis ilgld lines lo vluld cun
tlnuouslv to giowth nnd expansion.
KN'CLAM) .S AN r.MPIlti:.
We have no colonl.i1 )iolic, and
llieiifoie have no colonial system, but
1 hex o is no leascm why we should not
have both, l.ngland has neailv eveiy
deniociatlc piivllege and ne.uly every
deiuouatle Ideal and Instinct that wo
nave: am' yet sin has the greatest
and best colonial sjslem evvi known,
it was bad enough, howevei, befoie
Ihigland became ti illy democratic. It
beiame perfect only as I'ngland's
democracy giew. Athens, long ago,
was the heme of democracy at the
time when she was the gie.it mother
ot wldesptead colonies. It Is u pro
found en or theiefore to think demo
ciutlc governments nnd democratic
peoples are unlit tor colonial unplte
for the gieatest colonial successes ale
thy successes of democracies. And It
Is a profound euor to think a colo
nial government must be a tyinnny.
That was .Spnln's theory and her
fatal etror. It Is not Kiigland's the
ory. It ceitalnly would not be ours.
Ihicpiestlonably the effect of an Amer
ican colonial system would be to put
a stop to the old-time, tyrannous, sel
ilsh, exacting theoiles nnd practices of
colonial government.
And now let me point out what seems
to me to be n measuie of the Inevitable
expansion of our nation. The expan
sion wo me all thinking about If we
consider tho whole subject Is not sim
ply territorial expansion of course, but
Intel national expansion too. We nre
confronted nut alone by Increure of ter
ritory but by an Increased pat tlelpa
tion in International politics. We are
offered an Increased shaio in tho do
tei initiation of what shall be the domi
nant forces of the world; and of what
shall be the world's ilvillzutlon.
WE CANNOT HO BACK.
Whatever tho llnul decision of the
nntlon, through the people's deliberate
voleo and sober second thought, may
be as to Hawaii, Potto Hlco and the
Philippines and nothing respecting
them can as yet be called Inevitable
this, I think, Ib Inevitable: That vo
can never go back to our fmi"ied Isola
tion. We once for all have stepped out
Into the wot Id. Isolation means, for
Instance, that we nie not our brothci's
keeper: that our affair Is to make the
most of ourselves. It means that so
long ns we look nfter our own civiliza
tion we have no icsponslblllty for tho
general civilization of the world, and
that it Is our progress only, and not
the pngrcss of mankind that must Rtlr
tho spirit of on Ameilcnn.
Now we have done the very thing
which upsets this essential theorv of
Isolation. We hnve taken up Culm's
qiituifl. Wo have become our broth
er's keeper. Jinny will nlways think
the war vv Ith Spain was unnoeossary,
bccatiBe they believe the und could
have been obtained through diplomaoy.
Htlt there are Veiy few who think We
ill e buund to sli by fou vi r and let
Spain misgovern hr colony. What we
did, hov.evtl, was the boldest toilu ot
Interlcii in e with the Intel national af
faiis uf a l'uropeari power It was do
ing the veiy thing, and all the tiling,
that the urn. lined. Isolated, minding-our-own-busliiess
policy dlieited we
should not do, and the nation has fully
accepted our e.xti not dimity inteifer
enee In a Europc.ui nation's business
as an unavoidable act of Imperative
and ealted duty. It Is on all accounts,
theiefore. Inevitable that we can never
again treat ourselves as an isolated
pi ople. A people with a Momoe doe
ll Ine never Intended to be l-olated,
anyway, but the war with Spain would
have cursed the IUiblcon If theie had
been a Ituhlcou lett to cioss. Hence,
foith It Is Inevitable that we shall lie
a real pai t of the gteat woild, legular
ly taken Into uccoiint by our fellow na
tions, and legulaily taking our fellow
nations into account.
WAK EXPANDS Oflt POLICY.
The Monroe doctrine shows this Is
not new especially the Moinoo due
tt Ine illustrated bv Fiance In Mexico
and by Venezuela -but It Is eiiuully
evident that the Spanish war Is an
expansion of our national policy. We
tnav ultimately ghe over to their own
populations all our coiuiueiecl tei rl
toiles. but we cannot take back the
war. This does not nieiin. ns some
wise and good Ameilcnns fear, the de.
ti dotation of th" nutlon.il chniueter.
If 1 spoke my whole mind I should
sny it means n new exaltation of the
national character It does not iv"jii
that we nm more In fnvoi of war nnd
les devoted to peao than we were.
It does not mean Hint we shall not be
always ihe gieatest advoeite of peace.
It does not mean that we do not be
lieve as (Irmly as evei in mbltiatiou
It does not mean that we shall be
come imperialistic or hnve nn Insat
iable hunger for more tenltoiy. It does
not mean that we shall be nn ag
gressive, bullying, ciuaiielsome nation.
It does not mean that wo rhull be
come reckless instead of conservative.
It does not mean that wo shall lose
our gift of governing or sink into
public corruption: for extending the
thought of the nation to take in tho
win Id will not make u less aware of
our shortcomings or less competent
to eotrect them. Certainly none of
these dteaded tilings ore Inevitable.
Hut it Is inevitable that henceforth
foreign territory will imt be alien and
Impi sslble to our national pollcv. That
far the Inevitable has progressed. And
It is also Inovltnlil'1 that our national
horizon Is permanently enlarged. Our
outlook upon tho world is a new out
look, and It can never be eontinctod
to the limitations of a few shott
months ago.
Thoro are three forces dilving us to
oNpanded relations with the- world,
nnd we have, urilveil nt that paitleit
lar period when thee foices are be
coming especially netlvu and domin
ant. The centiiiy about to open will
see their greatett fnergy.
NECESSITIES OF OlMt TP.APE.
The Hint of them is our trade. It is
iiiwvitnble that more and moie from
this day forth our nation will el nut
to become the gran test foieign trad
ing people ever known In tho world.
Even It wo did not see plainly be
foie oui ees the mnnufactuilng end
1 oinmi nial t nei-gU's of our country
bursting one by one the bonds and
tiaditlons mil satisfactions whkh
keot tlie.111 only national, If we did not
s. " our forelpn ci'inmeice dally grow
ing and expoits of our iiuinufiutuier
toi th" ihht time hugely invading the
niatkits of the world, If we did not
lltul It easy to foretell the immediate
expansion of our miichant tnuilne. It
thes- palpable evidences of a coming
Imniens" expansion of our foieign
Hade were not piosint, no student
could full to piophesv the Inevitable.
No nation exists with eiitial luiilltiea
or eciual neccssltks lor an unpi'ie
dented comincr-'e We not only have
in Moll and nilnet.-.ls an ui-y und
cheap nbundaiuo lieretofote unknown
in a like- combination, not only has
nature' lavishly equipped us, but we
have a people unpiecedeiited In man
ufuctuiing mil couini"iclnl gifts. We
have capital tint is ample .mil grow
ing, and woikmen of practically a new
in"". We have n population of vast
ard constantly stowing proportions,
with scarcely a dione in the gieat hive
Sinh ate th" elements of out taellltles
for foieign trade. Our necessltv Is tho
HMSt t.v millions coiiLelvable W must
have foieign Had" because our ener
gies have outgrown the consuming
capacity of our own nit Ion. Long ago
our soil grew moie than we could con
sume, and we have become the great
est of Euiopo's foutces of supply. We
have now come to the time when we
manufucluie more than we can con
sume, nnd already we have begun to
simply the woild fiom our abundant
and growing production. Wo simply
must sell our mur.ufni Hires, and wo
tberefoie must be entering n new era
of foiflgn commerce There will be
110 sens without Anieilenn ships, and
no ports without Ameilcnn goods cu
rled there under our own Hug. Eor
in the glowing cln'apness nnd evcel-
le.ice of our manufniures nothing
will b- 111010 cheaply ni'd excellently
built than ships. And with an ex
panding commerce nnd a bioadenlng
merchant marine what am moie In
evitable than untvfis.il relations be
tween lur nation and the whole of
mankind '
THE IMPt'l.SE OF DEMOCHACY.
Another of the three forces which
ate cm lying us on to extended tela
tlons with the woild Is the force ot our
Institutions and political Ideas. As I
said at the beginning, there Is n grow
lug Issue between our liibtltutloiis and
Ideas and those opooslng Institutions
and Ideas which they aie steadily sup.
planting throughout the world. Amer
ica especially stands f ir those institu
tions and Ideas. We could not see them
defeated. We must defend them. They
huve served well our prosperity, our
huppiuess and our manhood Hence
forth we shall stive well their domina
tion of the woild. Free government,
fiee comineice and free men those (list
! essentials of democracy are the great
est good, the gieatest blessliivs tho po
lltlcal woild can know; und theie Is In
our democratic people that label ent
and abiding fidelity to democratic In
ntltutloriri which has kept us faithful
within our own borders, and Is forcing
us, us In this war with Spain, to be
faithful on tho larger stage of the
world. Our ciy for fiee Institutions In
Cuba was the ory of demoorncy opeak
lug through the voice of our nation.
Democracy does not demand war, but
It does demand Justice. And It does
demand freedom. It demands that tho
modern man who wants freedom shall
have freedom. The Monroe doctrine
was democracy's first great challenge.
It was out service. And it is wonderful
that any nntlon should have hnd a
spit It eciual to that great self-dedication.
Any fuither step Is but another
stage of democratic evolution. Who (H
can doubt at this day that democrac
Is a great militant force, or that It will
tend to chive an influential nnd power
ful nation like ours a useful nation like
ours Into complete relations with tho
woild? Democracy knows, better thnn
any other of humanity's great forces,
that war Is not the best agent of ideas,
and the ni tlvitles of democracy, or of
democintic governments, do not meun
war. Democracy can be militant with
out entanglements or conflicts, but it
cannot be militant nnd Isolated at the
same lime
CANNOT HE INDIFFERENT.
The third of the forces driving our ,
nation on to closer relations with the
woild Is the sense of responsibility In
herent in n great free nation and the
conseciucnt impracticability of asso
ciating pure Isolation with national
greatness and grandeur. No truly
great nation ever did or ever will for
a veiy long time lemaln isolated or
feed Its soul on Indifference to what
must become a part of the grrat
woihl nnd take its part of the world's
burdens: take Its slime of responsibil
ity for the world's civilization.
Thoughts of human pi ogress are the
necessary food of noble minds.
Di emus' of universal mnellotatlons are
the noiiilshnient of all great spliits.
The Isolation of gieatniss is Incon
ceivable. Circattuss Is responsible;
greatness Is interested in all related
gioat things; groatnes-s has relation
ships, responsibilities, duties, which
nre on the scale of Its own pioportlons,
And a reall greit nation must feal
responsibilities 10 the gieat movement
of mankind, as repiesented in the ac
tivities of all the world together You
might us well expect a great man to
limit his Interests to tho life if his
Immediate famllv is to expect a great
nation to live entlrc-Iy within itself
It Is against nature, against charnc
ur, agaliibt all human Impulse.
Therefor' this growing reuse of nec
essary touch r.n the pait of our great
nation with the civilization and inter
ests of mankind.
NOT MEI1E LAND EXPANSION
Let It nlways be remembered that
the new expansion is not moie land
extension or even tinde extension For
olfjn trade will be more and moro a
part of our life, but foreign posses
slons tor the most pntt are only n nec
essary Incident of mi expansion which
essentially means a new eharo In the
respomlbllltliB of civilization, a new
share In restraining nnd guiding the
forces of nations, a new shnie In meld
ing the fate of men. I am.th'i farthest
pnsslble'from e.igprness for more ter
iltory. Dut I would not shirk a national
duty to escape terrltoiy. 1 would not
shirk national duty to escape alien
populations. I hoped we might not
lie obliged to take very much ot
tlu Philippines. Hut ure wo not obllg.
od to tnlto them ullT Can we take less
(Contlnuod nn I'ngo U.