woriw" wwr ' '
14
TELE SORANTON TRIBUNE -SATURDAY MORNING, APRIL 24, 1897.
rsir . in & i
; Ti MYSTERY OF HIUSICAL SOUNDS,
How They Are Produced and How They
v Are Heard.
!
From the New York Tlmce.
In a recent lecture before tlie .Teffer
non Medical college Dr. Henry C. Chap
man talked of the voice In speech and
singing nnd told some Interesting fun
damental facts, anions which were
those touching the creation of sound
nnd how It 1b received.
Drawing a violin how ncrosn a bell
produces sound. Practically, what oc
curs Is this: The air Intervening be
tween the sounding Instrument and the
car Is thrown Into vibration by the pen
dulum motion; the tympanic membrane
Is thrown I ito vibration, nnd, through
the medium nf the little bones In the
ear, this vibration Is ultimately com
municated to the acoustic nerve.
Take a long rod, hold It to the head,
scratch the end furthest from the ear,
and you hear. The rod Is In vibration
nnd communicates that vibration to
the car. Whatever the medium air,
rod, earth the cause of any sound Is
that this tympanic membrane Is thrown
Into vibration by the Instrument which
causes that sound. The English word
"sound" Implies a cause of the sound
nnd the hearing of that sound both
cause and effect the effect of the sound
being our hearing.
If a particle of air hits the tympanic
membrane very gently the sound Is a
faint one, but If that particle of air
pounds the tympanic membrane a loud
sound Is produced, and the loudness of
pound simply depends upon the force
with which the tympanic membrane Is
Btruck. '
The pitch of the sound has nothing to
do with Its loudness, because a low
pitched sound may be delivered to the
tympanic membrane very gently, and
high-pitched one very forcibly..
Sound two organ pipes, one of which
produces a sound an octave above the
other. The air from both stilkes the
tympanic membrane with the same
force, but there Is a difference In pitch.
The nlr Is Issuing out of one pipe twice
as rapidly as from the other. It Is pre
cisely as if there were two pipes full of
water If It took one minute to empty
the long pipe It would take one-half
minute to empty the short one.
The air vibrates twice as rapidly In
the short ns In Uie long. The long pipe
emits 25C pulfs of air in a second, with
a corresponding number of vibrations
In the tympanic membrane. When the
brain Is shaken up at that rate It rec
ognizes that sound, but when the short
pipe sounds (which emits B12 puffs a
second) the Intervening nlr nnd the
tympanic membrane go at the same
rate, and that is pitch.
"WHAT PITCH IS.
Pitch Is the rate of vibration, the rate
at which the tympanic membrane Is
bent In and out. By a certain Instru
ment we determine the number of vi
brations per second Issuing from any
pllfc. One pipe corresponds to C of the
piano (25G vibrations per second). The
C below that has 12S vibrations per
second, the C below that 64, C below
that 32, the C's above the middle C go
!U2, 1,024, etc., on up to the highest
notes. '
The quality of sound is a difficult
subject. Suppose a string of the length
of the E string of the bass viol. When
the bow Is drawn across the string the
latter Is drawn Into vibration, nnd ac
cording to the force of the bow sbtroke
we have the loudness or the lowness.
The E of the bass viol (the lowest
string used) goes 43 times in a second,
and the tympanic membrane vibrates
that number of tiraVs. Halve that
strong and it will double its vibrations.
vi-iuusu uieie i jusi one-nan ine
quantity of matter to be moved.
Bridging it at one-third Its length, the
third will go three times as fast as the
original string, when struck, four times
as fast.
Bridge a string giving out a certain
fundamental note, and the sound goes
one way In halves. The ear catches
the not due to the fundamental note,
and also eventually, the note due to
the half of the string Is going as a
whole another portion Is going as
halves, you -hear the fundamental note,
nnd you hear the octaiv above that
one-half the string goes simultaneous
ly with all the string.
A series of Instruments called reson
ators, .to be applied to the ear Is of
great value In the study of acoustics.
One resonator Is designed to catch the
first octave above the fundamental
note; another, to catch the third oc
tave above. Using eight resonatoi.s one
may hear the octave above the funda
mental note; the octave nbove that, the
E above that, the O above that, and
finally the P Hat.
'Have the E string of the bass viol or
the conespondlng string In the violin or
piano thrown Into vibration and we
hear the note due to the vibration of
the string as a whole. While It Is vl
'bratlng as a whole it can vibrate In
halves, which will give the note which
Is the octave ubove the fundamental.
While the suing vibrates as a whole,
and at the same time In halves, It can
also bo vibrating In quarters, which
will give the twelfth above the funda
mental, or G, By applying the corre
sponding resonator to the ear one will
hear that overtone, ,and by putting the
successive resonators to the ear one
will get even eight or nine overtones
from the fundamental note.
Suppose, when the fundamental note
Is being heard, there Is associated with
It the half and the quarter; then the
ear takes cognizance of the funda
mental note, the octave above, and the
octave above that; but supposing that
when the fundamental note Is sounded
there are perceived simultaneously with
It yet other notes. In the first case we
have the first overtone and another
overtone associated with the funda
mental, and In the second case we have
the fundamental associated with the
third, and with the fourth overtone.
That I what distinguishes all musical
Instruments from each other.
Sounding the E of the bass viol or
any note at all of a fluto or of u piano,
though those notes have the same loud
ness (that Is, the tympanic membrane
Is struck with the same Intensity), and,
though the rate of vibration Is the
nanio (In the case of the middle C of
the piano 250 to the second), any one
appreciates the difference In the sound
not because of any difference of Inten
sity or because of any difference In
pitch (because the note Is the same;,
What Is the difference?
The difference la due to the fact that
the quality of the note Is different;
that is, if the fundamental note in the
one case Is accompanied with certain
overtones, In another case It will be ac
companied with different overtones. If
the note Is the same In pitch that Is,
If the rate or vibration Is precisely the
same fiom the vnrlous Instruments and
the tympanic membrane Is struck with
the same force the difference cannot
be one of Intensity or pitch, but n dif
ference of quality; nnd the difference of
quality consists In what overtones nrt
pcctifM,i tv, m.a fnnrinmnntnl If
the overtones u.'soclnted with the fun
damental are not the same the charac-
HHimANN H.
Comparatively a young man, he Is
quite the loading flguie In Chicago Jour
nalism, being the owner and editor of the
Times-Herald and Evening Post. Mr.
Kohlsaat hns been a carrier, cash-boy.
ter of the note never Is the same; and
that Is what constitutes the difference
between all musical Instruments.
In listening to the large orchestra
with Its violins, violoncellos, trombones,
tubas, and drums no one falls to recog
nize the difference In the character of
the sounds produced by any one of those
Instruments. Though the loudness of
the note may be the same, the pitch
may be the same, the difference In those
Instruments lies in the quality not one
has the same set of over-tones accom
panying It. The difference In quality
lies In the facts already Illustrated
with the violin strings. The resonators
enable us to single out the particular
strings, because each resonator Is adap
ted to vibrato to its particular string
and no other.
The sound given out by an organ pipe
is a composite one. One highly educat
ed French musician could hear the over
tones up to the fourth, fifth and sixth.
This was because his ear was highly ed
ucated. Sound may have a different pitch ac
cording to the rate of vibrations and
may differ in quality; that Is, the fun-
Omental note may be the same, but the
fundamental note In one case may be
accompanied by the twelfth octave, or
the octave above that: while, on the
other hand, the fundamental note ma:'
be accompanied by only the fifth or
sixth or seventh octave, and therein the
violin differs fiom the piano. In one
ease the fundamental Is associated with
the lower overtones, and, In the other
case associated with the higher over
tone::. Strip the piano and violin of
their oertoncs, and the note Issuing
from the one would be the samo as
from the other, supposing the sounding
board Is the same,
THE HUMAN VOICE.
Tho practical application of the fore
going to the voice lies in the fact that
tho voice is some kind of a musical In
strument. What kind?
The voice is gieatly modified by the
character of the tlno.it and the tioso,
bhowlng that icsonance must play a
part In intluencing the character of the
sound. In consldcilng what kind of nn
Instrument the laiynx is one must con
sider in the ilrst place what can It do?
An oidlnary mnle bass voice sings 04
vibrations, and can slug 250 per second;
but about thcro It stops. Ho may go a
little higher, and sometimes a little
lower. The tenor voice begins a little
higher up and exceeds tho bass in range
by a few notes. Some tenors can take
high C. The range of the female con
tralto Includes some of the notes of
both tenor and bass. The soprano sings
1,021 vibrations.
The average feminine voice can, talk
faster than the ordinary male voice.
The larnyx, If split down through tho
middle, shows the part involved In
singing to be a thin, elastic edge which,
thiown into vibration, causes the sound
we hear. The nlr Is forced up from the
lunga and through tho windpipe; and
as that air passes over that edge It
throws It into vibrations. It is that
little to-and-fro motion of our vocal
membranes that causes the air to pass
out In Unit way.
Air never makes any sound when
there Is a steady blast.
Breathing is one thing, and the voice
Is another. You enn breathe without
giving rise to nny voice; but there Is
no vplce without breathing. '
The larnyx Is constructed of elastic
tissue, susceptible of stretching and
shortening, and is really not a vocal
cord, but a vocal membrane, The
larnyx Is a pipe with a membrane, and
a resonating cavity surrounding It.
Why Is not the larnyxcomparab!e to
a wind Instrument, as nn organ? 'An
organ pipe of a given length will emit
Gl vibrations u second. The lowest
malo voice makes n note of 04 vibra
tions a second. If tho human larnyx Is
anything like an organ plpo then the
larnyx of that particular specimen
would have to be as long as that organ
pipe. Tho larnyx has lungs Hko tho
bellows; It has a trachea; but the or
gan pipes do not produce sounds by two
membranes.
When an organ pipe soundB, the rea
son Is that tho air enters the chamber
and is cut Into a series of puffs. A con-
tlnuoun draft of air makes no lmrre- ! of an Inch one-two-hundred-nnd-for-slon
upon the car, but that air as It tleth. Every good singer who can sing
passes up through the pipe must be dl- j two octaves can tighten his vocal
Vldcd Into separate pulsations. membrane by the twelve-hundredth of
Thu larnyx has nothing like that. It . nn Inch, and the nicety In singing Is
produces the sound through the vlbra- the skill with which the slnscr can do
tlon of membranes. It therefoie la not that. , v
an orenn. It was said In the Inst century by a
The Trench theory years ago was
that, the larnyx ncted ns If It was a
stringed Instrument, nnd therefore they
called this vocal membrane n cord.
There Is no such thing ns a vocal cord
of the lnrnyx, It Is n membrnne.
In the lowest bass violin of the or
chestra the E string gives about 43 vi
brations In a second, nnd there nro
some bass voices can sing ias low ns
that, but If thnt edge In the lnrnvx
were working like a string, the larnyx
wculd have to be about four feet long,
(the length of the string). Therefore
the larnyx ennnot be a stringed Instru
ment. Whnt kind of an Instrument Is It? It
Is a culmination of pipe with a mem
brane. There arc different kinds of In
struments of that sort. The ordinary
instrument which the French use In
KOHLSAAT.
salesman and bakery owner, and now
shows great editorial ability, being. In
fact, by all odds, the most agresslve.
vicar-headed and high-minded newspaper
director In his section.
tuning up their pianos Is an Instru
ment of this kind.
THE HAUTBOY.
The most curious of all the wind ln
stiuments Is the hautboy. Here you
have the pipe with the keys and the
double reed, just as In the larnyx, a
membranous expansion here nnd a
membranous expansion there. We have
thu fundamental note through the
whole length of the pipe. If we weie
to drive tho air up and let the air come
out at the end and have the reed vi
brating between, we would have exact
ly what we have In the human larnjx
The hautboy player drives the air
down, whetcu3 In the human larnyx the
air Is dilven up.
Of all Instiuments, the hautboy Is
nearest to the lnrnyx, and tho resem
blance Is pioved In a case where the
larnyx was removed by a surgical op
eration, in the fact that when an open
ing was made In the windpipe and the
reed of the hautboy player Inserted, the
persons go operated on could read the
service of the Church of England.
Theiefore, the lnrnyx Is not an organ,
any more than the hautboy Is a wind
pipe. It Is no; a stringed Instrument,
because It is not long enough to cor
respond with the E string of tho bass
violin, and It is, therefore, a reed in
strument; In other words, It Is a vibrat
ing membrane associated with the pipe,
tho ''nyx.
The available part of this lnrnyx only
extends about one-fifth of an Inch In
the male and one-eighth of an inch in
the female. Why do we have a mem
brane here, which Is n little more than
half an Inch In length? It Is not the
whole of that membrane which Is ac
tive. How can we get different kinds
of sounds out of a pipe associated with
a membrane? In other words, If the
baps voice is to emit certain notes, und
the tenor to emit certain higher notes,
how can that be accomplished by such
an Instrument as this? In two wnys:
You can either get the different notes
by lengthening the instrument or by
tlghtenlnir It.
In the organ pipe, If you want to get
tho octavo above, you halve the pipe,
and if you wnnt the octave below you
lengthen the pipe. In the human be
ing, the larnyx Is, at birth, of a certain
Else, and, as the Individual becomes an
adult, the lnrnyx ultimately arrives at
a certain size and cannot get any
larger.
Fine bass voices generally have fine
large larnyxes. In the great bassos of
old they were broad shouldered, six
foot men with very large larnyxes.
Tenor and bass differ In size of larnyx.
We can get a higher note out of a given
plpo by overtones, but never can get a
lower note, because the pipe cannot be
made lower. A volco can sing so low
nnd no lower; so high nnd no higher,
because the length of the larnyx will
not permit nny greater range.
A strlnz of a certain length can be
made an octavo higher by tightening.
Tho violinist tightens tho strlnc: and
every time tho string is tightened It is
mane higher. Lowering the tension
lessens the height of the pitch. There
fore, though you cannot change the In
itial shape of thu larnyx elUjer male
or female you can chango the note by
tightening up thnt larnyx.
How Is that done? If t.he two mem
branes of tho larnyx are In a relaxed
condition the note emitted will be of a
low character that Is, the vibration
few in number while, If they aro tight
ened, the note emitted is higher In
pitch. That Is Just what the singer
does when ho ascends from tho lowest
notes up Into the higher ones; he Is
continually pulling on certain muscles
that tighten that membrane. Bass
notes are emitted when the membrane
Is relaxed. When, In passing from a
lower to a higher note, the listener ob
serves something moving In the slnjr
er'B throat, it is the muscles moving
and tightening tho parts of the larnyx.
If a man can have only one-fifth of
an Inch to act upon, (nnd ho can sing,
as we know, two octaves), a person
who has tho compass of two octaves
can emit 240 different sounds. If his
action Is only one-fifth of an Inch,
every time he sings one of those sounds
he must change the length of that fifth
great authority In music that a certain
cantatrlec could not only emit 240
sounds, but she could emit 1,-00. Any
one of these great singers, taking nn
aria beginning with one of these low
notes and running right tip for over
two" octaves very nearly three octaves
Is sounding not only the three oc
taves, but every nolo of the three oc
taves, and sounding ten Intervals be
tween t)io three octaves, thus contract
ing her little vocal membranes by so
slight n variation n3 the two-thousandth
part of an Inch. The effort Is
so slight you cannot see the muscles of
her throat vary.
Why cannot you sing n e I o with
out changing your larnyx from the
shape of emitting "u?" When you say
"u" the shape of your mouth Is so
adapted that It resounds to that one
sound; but If you change the shape of
your mouth slightly you get the first
overtone, nnd have the vowel "o;"
change the shape of your mouth again,
and you get the vowel "a;" again, "e;"
again, "1" In other words, the vowels
are each a successive octave over and
above the fundamental note.
The fundamental note of the larnyx
Is always the same In the sronuncla
tlon of the vowel, but changing the
shapes of the mouth causes It to re
sound with these particular overtones.
Further, when the sound, n e I o u
passes up and out through the throat
and nose, then we have those sounds
modified so ns to give rise to the varl
ous sounds, n, 1, p, etc. As they go
through the nose, they nre known as
nasnl. When the back of the throat Is
cut off by the palate and the voice as
cends through the nose, we get the
head tones. On the other hand, with
other conditions, we get the falsetto.
coal ritoji Tin: uivKit.
Extent of the Industry That Has De
veloped Nenr Sunbiiry.
From the Philadelphia Inquirer.
Many thousand tons of coal have al
ready been dug ou't of the bed of the
Susquehanna river In the vicinity of
Sunbury and Northumberland during
the past live years, and still there
seems to be no dmlnutlon of the sup
ply. This Is at a point from llfty to
sixty miles below the mines of the
Luzerne region nnd from sixty to sev
enty miles distnnt from the Lacka
wanna fields. So Imp-rtnnt has the
river coal mining Industry become In
the neighborhood of Sunbury that Ira
T. DIsslnger has several steamboats
at work scooping up the dusky dia
monds, and other persons Mvlng near
there frequently have as high as forty
barges at work at one time. The big
dam constructed across ( .ie river be
low Sunbury has dammed In Immense
quantities of this fuel that would oth
erwise have been washed down stream
toward Harrlsburg:
The steamers engaged in this work
nro accomrunled by big llatboats or
sand barges, upon which the fuel Is
deposited as It Is hlosted from the riv
er bed by a series of elevator buckets,
but the llatboats or baiges owned by
Individuals work In a more primitive
manner. Two or three men man each
barge and scoop the coal up with
long-handled wire nets, which allow
the mud and sand to escape as the
operator raises tho scoop to the sur
face of the water to deposit Its con
tents on his barge. Then a couple of
boys pick the pebbles and sticks from
among the coal, throwing them back
Into the stream. Cold weather does
not stop the work, but Is rather fav
orable to It than otherwise, as the
river Is low and Whn frozen over
holes are cut In the Ice and the miner
does not have to bother with an un
weildy boat.
- The coal Is found in beds contain
ing from fifty to one hundred tons
each, and is most frequently encount
ered in the eddies, where the particles
find lodgment to a depth of from live
to six feet. As the workman scoojj
up tho fuel other coal fills Into thu
depression ho has created, so that he
can frequently work for weaks and
sometlmea even months at tho same
bed. Tho coal consists of all sizes,
ranging from broken nnd egg down to
buckwheat, but chestnut and pea sizes
are by far the most plentiful. It is
free from slate, because the latter be
ing heavier than the coal, lines the
bed of the stream farther up the state.
Tho coal Is rounded like pebbles, as
the result of the action of the water,
and Its having been rolled down the
bed of the river, and burns very free
ly and without clinkers.
The boatmen find ready sale for It lr
the local rr.urket at $3 per ten. It Is
estimated that ut least 10,000 tons wer,
mined in this manner during the past
season, and these figures were largely
exceeded during some of the preceding
seasons.
HltOKi: THE KL'COUD.
Tho
Hondo liriiiicmiui Told n (Joed
Story VI hen Ho Tried.
The Railroad club met Tuesday
evening In the usual place and after a
short business session the boys ill If ted
Into "shop" convocation, says thu Mis
soula Sllverlte. Several stories of re
markable time made on different oc
casions were related and when the
blonde brakeman got the floor he saw
he was expected to break the record.
And he did. ,
"Speaking of fast runs," said he,
"why that little Montana Union line
lays over everything I ever saw. No
Dutch clocks or anything else to hold a
man down there. I worked for that
road when Bob Smith was dispatcher
and when he told the boys to 'wheel
'em' we all knew what It meant. One
day we were going north and were de
layed In various ways until we reached
Stewart. Bob wired the con. at that
point that he wanted our train to get
over to Garrison as quick as God would
let us. We had a clear track when
wo started and It wasn't long befpre
the telegraph poles looked like a picket
fence. The biggest burst of speed was
reserved for the homestretch from
Deer Lodge to Garrison, eleven miles.
We didn't stop at Deer Lodge but as we
approached that place the engineer
sounded the whistle as usual and you
may take my head for a football If the
'Slow' Blgn in tho Garrison yards wasn't
passed by our train before that whistle
had ceased to sound!"
This made the boys look weary but
a nt7Mf'rU'OC'rii
C Cheapest, Becauso tho Ocst j
h nmi nnnnrii
uaiL Buiiutiro
EAGLE BRAND
CONDENSED MILK
Rend tor that little book. "Infant
Health)" great value to mothers. Bent '
ires.
N. Y. Condensed Milk Co.
71 Etdion Street, Hew York i
oot'fCJ'oiir
He
continued:
"Well, we put our train away and
were resting ourselves, when we
glanced up the track and saw a dark
streak approaching at a lightning gait.
We wero astounded for an Instant but
as It slowed up we readily recognized
It ns the shadow of the train we had
Just brought In."
no usi:.
A Washington correspondent gives tho
Post this story of a German publisher in
St. Louis: "There had been a big lire di
rectly opposite tho office of his paper tho
night before. A magnificent building was
destroyed, with nil Its contents. The
streets In tho vicinity wero filled with
people, who so checked tho thoroughfares
as to almost prevent tho firemen work
nlg. It was tho ecvnt of the season, tn
a news sense, and tho pnperH wero natu
rally llllcd with articles telling tho whole
story. The publisher of tho paper In
question, on reaching his olllco tho next
morning, looked ouvr the papers of his
contemporaries first nnd then, lighting a
fresh clgnr, tilted back In his chulr, took
up his own paper to read what ho felt suie
would bo the best report of nil. To his
amazement thcro was not a line concern
ing tho llro In his paper. When bo sulll
clently realized tho fact thnt no mention
had been mndo of tho continuation ho
dashed upstairs to his city cdtlor, and
bursting Into the door exclaimed: 'Why In
didn't we hacv a story of tho flro7"
Tho city editor, who was a Germun with
out a great deal of experience In this
country, looked up calmly and replied:
'Vat vas re uze of brlntln' anythnlg about
It? Everybody In town vas dcre to see
do wholo ting for hlsself.' "
DOWN AltO UND THU KIVEIt.
Noontime and Junotlmc, down around tho
river!
Havo to fuse with 'Llzcy Ann-but lawzy!
I fcrnlvo her!
Drives me off tho place, and snys 'at all
'at she's a wlshln',
Land o' gracious! tlmoil como lit get
eonugh o" llsbln'l
Little Dave, a'choppln' wood, never 'pears
to notice.
Don't know whero she's hid his hat, cr
kccrln' whero his coat Is,
Spocnlatln', moie'n like, he ain't a-goln'
to mind mo.
And guessln' where, say twclvo o'clock,
a fellcr'd likely find me.
Noontime and Junctlmc, down around tho
river!
Clean out o' sight o' home, and skulkln'
under klver
Of the sycamores, Jack oaks, swamp ash
and ellum
Idles all so Jumbled up, you kin hardly
tell 'em!
Tired, you know, but lovln' Jt, and smllln'
Jps' to think 'at
'Any sweter tiredness you'd fairly want
to drink It.
Tired o' Hshln' tired o' fun lino out
slack nnd slacker '
All you want in nil tho world's a little
moro tobacker!
Hungry, but a-hldln' It, er Jes' a not
a-keerin'
Klngllshor glttin' up and skootln' out o'
hcarln';
Snipes on t'other side, whero the County
Ditch Is,
Wadln' up and down tho algo like they'd
rolled their britches!
Old turtle In the root, kindo'-sorto drap-
pln'
Intoo tho worter, like ho don't know how
It happen!
Worter, shade, and all so mixed, don't
know which you'd orter
Say, th' worter in tho shadder shaddcr
in the worter!
Somebody hollerln'-
'way round tho bend
in
Upper Fork where
yer eye kin Jes'
ketch the ondln
Of the shlney wedge o' wako somo
mus'rat's a-makln'
With that pesky nose o' his! Then a
sniff o' bacon.
Corn bread pnd 'dock greens and little
Dave n-shlnln'
'Crost tho rocks and mussel shells, a-
llmpln' and a grlnnln',
With yer dinner fer ye, and a blcssln'
from the elver.
Noontime and Junetlme.down around the
river. James Whltcomb Itlley.
wise and talk
wise but they
don't until;.
In diagnosing
disease they
don't go back
to the starting
point. When
a man gets
sick, nine
times out of
ten his evi
dent sickness
is only a
symptom of some hidden and long-neglected
disorder. Most frequently the origi
nal and exciting trouble is a disordered di
gestion. If that is corrected nature will in
the majority of cases do the rest. It is easy
for a man to avoid sickness if he will keep
n watchful eye on his digestion and resort
to the right remedy the moment he feels
himself out of sorts.
All disorders of the digestion arc corrected
ly Dr. Pierce's Golden Medical Discovery.
It restores lost appetite, invigorates the
liver, and fills the blood with the life-giving
elements that build healthy flesh and firm
muscles. It is the great blood-maker, flesh
builder, and nerve tonic. It cures oS per
cent, of all cases of consumption. It cures
wasting diseases and nervous troubles.
It wards off disease of every description.
Utiy "Golden Medical Discovery" of re
liable dealers ; with tricky ones, something
else that pays them better will probably be
offered as "just as good." Perhaps it is for
them; but it can't be ioryou.
"Sly wife has found great help from Doctor
Pierce's Goldtn Medical Discovery, ns, when she
tnLes cold from any cause it generally settles on
her lungs," writes 1? James, of HojSi, Brooklyn,
Cuyahoga Co., Ohio "The 'Favorite Prescrip
tion ' we keep u hand fill the time. It is a won
derful medicine. My wife hns Kreat faith In it.
lly being careful in the way we live and by lulug
Dr Pierce's medicines when we don't feel just
right, we have had to call In a doctor but once in
fifteen jrais."
A man can't either make money or enjoy
life who suffers from headaches, and sleep
lessness, and heart-burn. These troubles
nre caused by constipation. Dr. Tierce's
Pleasant Pellets nre a sure, safe, speedy and
permanent cure for constipation. They are
tiny, sugar-coated granules. One little
"Pellet" I a gentle laxative, and two a
mild cathartic. They never gripe. Dis.
honest druggists sometimes try to substi
tute inferior articles for the sake of profit
REVBVG
RESTORES VITALITY.
Made a
utDay. ', fcKWeil Man
lBtb Day. W3W Qf Me.
THE QPKAT 30th Day.
jp'n.aaio-oxx xoaivxnnaDTr
produces the nbore remits In 30 days. It trU
DOWerf ultT and aulcklr. Curpa when ill uthrtrs filL
You-uraeuwlllrfjilu their loit nunUood.nndold
men will recorer tbeir youthful vlior by ueloi
ltLVIVO, It quickly indmrcly rtore Nervou
neu. Lott Vitality, UnpotcQcy. Nlgutly Kiululou,
Lost Power, railing Memory, Waatlna PUewee.aad
all effects o( telfabuu or eicetaand Indlacretion,
nlilch nnflta ono lor a'udy, builueaa or marrUje. It
not only curea by tUrtlug at the aeat of d.ieaae.but
1 laavreat nerve tonlo and blond builder, bring.
- ice back toe. pink slow to pule chexka and re-
i ttorlnz tbs tiro of youth. It warda off Tnianlty
I and ConiumptloD. Intlit on having It KVIVO.no
I other. It can bo carried la veit pocket. By mat).
& 1.00 per package, or ail tor HS.OO, with poal
tlo written guarantee to cure or refund
tho money. Circular tree. Addreat
ROYAL MFDICINE CO fi R!ir St.. CHICAGO, ll1
Jt'ur bale by MATTHEWS ll.it tirui
gist buruateu, P.
the "braky" hadn't finished yet.
i mum rt mwi'v..ktv,WJM' Some doctors
'&AcM kff kJ?&L& are Hke owls.
ylWlL ltil2,'ftf Th ev look
il!M3
I S ' !? 55""
,011 rbttcrrarbW
Bgay p L - ii i ggrV mg
IhwnnrtiMmnmwi!mmititMmMiiitw
n i ii. i n , i m, ii. i 1LM
n f S
wmmm
iim
fJIIl!
m IH-t iWU,
i '""'fX
in, ..I , ..ir.Lv- r.pv.rii,,a7i
d.. " ' - - "1 . -r. ., .. TC
.AVcBcfoblcPrraarattortror As
similating UieFood audited ula
t'uig the Stomachs arulDowcis of
FromotesDigcstion.Chcctful
ncssnndltest.Contfllns neither
Opium.Morptiine nor Mineral.
NotNabcotic.
JBrV ofCKdErSMfUZLrJTCEHl
PurmfJctH Sh
JlxJtnna
stru'jt Sard
Jpptmant -Jtifiuitna&St&t
HrmSted -
Clenud Saarr .
Apcrfeet Remedy forConsllpa
tion. Sour Stomach.Diarrhoca,
Worms .Convulsions.Fevcrish
ncss and LOSS OF SLEEP.
TacSimlte Signature og
NEW -YORK.
EXACT COPT OF WHAPPEB.
jais
-..imL
Kim'XtUISHTiirA-Z-"&lLaJlMSS23EIElSLkJ&EmSiiEM
ireotorsf of Wholesale end Retail
CITY AND SUBURBAN
1 IK'!
1 llLl 11L UL11
II
AUT STUDIO.
F. Santee D33 Spruce.
A'lllM'.llC ANI IlMI.V I'AIT.US.
Retsman & Solomon, 103 Wyoming ave.
ATIII.I.T1C UtIOOS AM) IIICYCI.ES.
C. M. Florey. 222 Wyoming: ave.
AVMN5 ANI IMTPI-' fii)S.
s. A. Crosby. 321 Lackawanna ave.
BANKS.
Lackawanna Trust and Safe Deposit Co.
Merchants' and Mechanics'. 429 Lacka.
Traders' National, cor. Wyoming: and
Spruce.
West Side Bank. 109 N. Main.
Scranton Savings. 122 Wyoming.
Ill I DING. CAKHKT CI.I1ANING. ETC.
The Scranton Hqddlns Co., Lackawanna.
niir.wi:us.
Robinson, E. Sons, 433 N. Seventh.
Robinson, Mlna, Cedar, cor. Alder.
IJirYCI.CS OI'.NS, FTC.
Parker, K. R., 321 Spruce.
mrvcix i.ivi UV.
City Bicycle Livery, 120 Franklin.
uicvri.r. kci'aiks. r.TC.
Blttcnbcndcr & Co., 313V4 Spruce street.
hoots and sunns.
Goldsmith Bros. 301 Lackawanna.
Goodman's Shoo Store, 433 Lackawanna.
uiioivUt and ji:vi:m:k.
Radln Bros., 123 Penn.
CANDY MANTrACl Ultr.lt.
Scranton Candy Co., 22 Lackawanna.
SAKPI'.IS AND WAI.I. PAl'llt.
Ingalls, J. Scott, 419 Lackawahna.
CAUHIVfiliS AND I1AKNT.SS.
Slmwell. V. A., E13 Linden.
cahuiagi; ui:rosnonv.
Blume, Wm. & Son, D22 Spruce.
CAir.itr.it.
Huntington,
J. C,
N. Washington.
CHINA AND fil.A.SSWlir,
Rupprecht, Louis, 221 Pcnn avo,
CIGAIt YANl'rACTl'Ur.U.
J. 1", Floro, 223 Spruce street.
COMT.ri IONr.lt Y AND TOYS.
Williams, J. D. & Bros., 314 Laclca.
CON ritACTOIt AND lllIII.Di:it.
Snook, S. M Olyphant.
CKOCKI'.ltY AND GLASSW.HI.
Harding. J. L-. 216 Lackawanna.
DININf" ItOOM.
Caryl's Dining Room, G03 Linden,
DRY GOODS.
The Fashion, 303 Lackawanna avenue.
Kelly & Healey, ao Lackawanna,
Flnley, P. B., 610 Lackawanna.
BUY GOODS. SIIOUS, IIARDU AHU, KTC.
Mulley, Ambrose, triple stores, Provi
dence. DRY GOODS. FANCY GOODS.
Kresky, E, H. & Co., 114 S. Main.
DRUGGISTS.
McOarrah & Thomas. 209 Lackawanna.
Lorcntz, C. 418 Lacka.j Linden & Wash.
Davis a. W Main nnd Market.
Bloes, v. S., Peckvlllo.
Davles, John J., 108 8. Main,
ENGINT.S AND FOII.r.RS.
DIckBon Manufacturing Co.
riNH .Mr.ROHANT T ULORI.NO.
j W. Roberts, 126 N Main ave.
'. J. Davis, 215 Lackawanna.
Erlo Audren, 119 8, Main ave.
FLORAL nr.SIC.NS.
Clark, Q. R. & Co., 201 Washington.
n.OUK. HUTTr.lt, r.GGS, I'.IC.
The T. II. Watts Co., Ltd.. 723 W. Lacka.
Babcock Q. J. & Co., 110 Franklin.
TI.OUR, TEED AND GRAIN.
Matthews C. P. Sons & Co., 31 Lacka,
The Weston Mill Co., 47-49 Lackawanna.
FHl'ITS AND PRODUCE.
Dale & Stevens, 27 Lackawanna.
Cleveland, A. S., 17 Lackawanna,
FURNISHED ROOMS.
Union House, 215 Lackawanna,
FURNITURE.
Hill & Connell, 13! Washington.
Barbour's Home Credit Houne, 425 Lack.
GROCERS.
Kelly, T. J. & Co., 14 Lackawanna.
Megargel & Connell, Franklin avenue.
Porter. John T 2J and 28 Lackawauna,
Rice, Levy & Co., SO Lackawanna,
Vlrie. J. J.. ft Lackawanna,
SEE
1 that the
FAC-SIMILE
SIGNATURE
OF-
C&y&Z&c
IS ON THE
WRAPPER
OP EVEEY
BOTTXJ3 OE
: Caitorla it pat up In ct-s!ro bottles oslj. It
19 um B01U 13 DUUi Wat UllOW UHJ0H0 10 nil
won nmrtMnff nln on ttift idm ft TirflmltA ttiat 14
j: is "just as Bod" OBQ "will answer every pm
pose," v-BC9 was yon got u-a-B-x-u-tt-ii,
:dUm
Um
T117
TJPT.
ef
BUSINESS HOUSES.
or.Nr.RAL MruciiANnisn.
Ostcrhout, N. P.. 110 W. Market.
Jordan, Jamen, Olyphant.
lieolitolcl. 13. J., Olyphant.
IIARDU Alii'.. (
Connell, W. P. & Sons, 118 Penn.
Foots & Shear Co., 119 N. Washington.
Hunt & Connell Co., 434 Lackawanna.
UAKDWARi: ANJ) PLUMBING.
OunsterA Forsyth, 327 Penn.
Cowlca, W. C, 107 N. Main ave.
HARNESS AND SADDLERY HARDWARE.
Fritz, a. v.. 410 Lackawanna,
Keller & Harrla, UT Penn.
HARNESS, THINKS, BUGGIES.
B. B. Houser, 133 N. Main avenue.
HOTELS.
Arlington, Grimes & FInnnery, Spruce
and Franklin.
Scranton House, near depot.
HOUSE, SIGN AND FRESCO PAINTEIL
Wm. Hay, 112 Linden.
HUMAN HAIR AND HAIR DRESSING.
N. T. Llsk. 223 Lackawanna.
LEATHER AND FINDINGS.
Williams, Samuel, 221 Spruce,
LIME, CEMENT SEWFR PIPE.
Keller, Lueher, S13 Lackawanna,
.MILK, CRE'M, HUTIER. ETC.
Scranton Dairy Co.. Pcnn and Linden.
Stone Hros., SOS Spruce.
MII.LIINER.
Mrs. M. Saxc, 148 N. Main avenue.
MILLINERY AND DRi:SSMAKING.
Mrs. Uradley, 200 Adams, opp. Court
House.
.MILLINERY AND FURNISHING GOODS.
Brown's Bee. Hive. 224 Lackawanna.
.MINE AND MILL SUPPLIES.
Scranton Supply and Mneh. Co., 131 Wyo,
.MODISTE AND DRESSMAKER.
Mrs. K. Walsh, 311 Spruco street.
MONUMENTAL V OKK.
Owens Bros., 218 Adams ave.
PANTS.
Great Atlantic $3 Pants Co., 319 Lacka.
PAINTS AND SUPPLIES.
Jloncko & McKee, 300 Spruce street.
PAINTS AND WALL PAPER.
WInke,J. C. 315 Pcnn.
PAWNBROKER.
Green, Joseph, 107 Lackawanna,
PIANOS AND ORGANS.
Stello. J. Lawrence, 30S Spruce.
PHOTOGRAPHER.
H. S. Cramer, 311 Lackawanna ave.
PIUMHING AND HrAIING.
Howloy. P. F. & M. F.. 231 Wyoming ave.
REAL ESTATE.
Horatio N. Patrick, 32 Washington.
Kl lllir.lt STAMPS, SIENCII.S, ETC.
Scranton Rubber Stamp Co., 633 Sprue
street.
ROOFING
National Roofing Co., 331 Washington.
SANITARY PLUMBING
W. A. Wledebusch, 231 Washington ave.
STEAMSHIP TICKETS.
J. A. Barron, 215 Lackawanna and
Prlcchurg.
STEREO-RELIEr DICORATIONS AND
PUNTING.
S. II. Morris. 217 Wyjmlng ave.
tea. corrr.i: and spice.
drand Union Tea Co . 103 3. Main.
TKUSSIS. HAITI.RlEiS, Itl BIIER GOODS
Benjamin & Benjamin, Franklin and
Spruce.
UNDERTAKER AND LIVERY.
Rnub, A. R., 423 Sprice.
UPHOLSTERER AND CAitpET LAYER.
C, II. Hnzlott. !20 Spruce street.
WALL PAPER, ETC.
Ford, W. M 120 Pcnn.
WATCHMAKER AND JF.UTi.l'R.
Rogers, A, E., 215 Lackawanna.
WINES AND I IQIIOHS
Walsh, Edward J 33 Laskawanna.
WIRF AND WIRE HOPE.
Washburn & Moen Mfg C., 11 FranViK
ttve.