THE SORANTON TRIBUNE---SATURDAY MOROTSTGr, JANUARY 30. 189 t. MARK TWAIN (SAMUEL L. CLEMENS.) -H--H-K -f IRK TUB'S PLIGHT IN POVERTY, j Bowed Under Disappointment, llic Author Is Struggling J with Pen, Possibly in Vain, to Pay His Debts. J rrom the Times-Herald. London, Jan. 13. Maik Twain, the prince and diner at the tables of kings, Is now Impoveilshed and a slave to a debt. He Is in poor health, confined to a modest lodging and buidened with age and the woes of a broken heait. His determination Is heiolc, but, in accoid tince with that line Irony of the human lace, the men and women who wete anxious to boost him when he was at the top and he did not need them are missing, now that he has lost and Is nt the bottom. It is piobable that the end has come. Thete Is but a single hope for this man, who for twenty jeats has shared the field of American letters as the Europeans estimate Ameilcan lettetb with Bret Harte. He Is home fiom a trip mound the woild. It began In Vancouver and ended in London a failure fiom the btart. He has been working lor weeks on the manusctipt of the .stoty, but the few who hae hunted him in the modest room fear that the Inspiration has gone. He Is working under forced conditions, and the prediction is that the tale of the tour will be like a plant forced to blos som In unnatural conditions. LAST DOLLAR SACRIFICED. It Is very evident that the man Is worse than penniless. All his fortune went down with the publishing house which used his name and spent his money and ptospects in air cabtles and folly. He would not stand the charge of dishonesty. Sactlllcing his last dol lar, he is toiling night and day to meet the debts yet unpaid to pay for the lodgings which aie more meager and less comfot table than the home he had when he was wilting odes to the editor of a weekly paper in Missouri. Maik Twain Is C2 yeats old and handi capped by the fact that his best effoits have not been his lutest. There has been a steady decline In his humor Since It became a treadmill grind. The toonor the end comes the fewer will be the excuses when the tecord of his repu tation shall be wtltten as a matter of llteiary history. He seems to teallze this. He has refused to see the few who have hunted him up, and It Is one of the pathetic incidents in this city full of pathos that the gieat chcle of In timates which went to the veiy edge of the throne has dwindled to two or three faithful souls. ONCE WITHOUT A PEER. Thete is no question as to the posi tion he used to hold In the English and continental estimate. No one has ever divided his standins as the Ameilcan humorist. "The Innocents Abroad" was ttanslated Into the tongues of the leading nations, and since 18G9 all the facts concerning his life have been eag etly tead. It was In looking for these facts and seatchlng for the early Inci dents In the life of the man that all Germany has come to know the stoty of Samuel L. Clemens. The Importance that those facts attached to Mlssouil led many to Imagine in the usually In telligent grasp of Ameilcan affalts by Eutopoans that Mlssouil Is the capital of the United States. His enthusiasm and ability to succeed have gone. If he had the vigor and confidence he had thiity years ago the rally might be easy. There was nothing ImpobSible, in his estimation, when he was appientlced as a printer in the offlee of the Hannibal Weekly Journal, at the age of 13. He was then full of The following public statement con cerning the tieaty of uibltratlon be tween Gieat Britain and the United States, now awaiting ratification in the senate Is made by the permanent com mittee on arblttatlon appointed nt the Arbitration confeience held at Wash ington on Apt 11 22 and 2i, 189C; THE ORIGIN OP THE TREATY. From Washington's administration down to this day, arbitration has uni formly been a prominent feature of our national policy. Acting upou the convic tion that JiiHtlCB Is best secured by Judi cial methods, our government has ulwuyn stood umoug the nations as the champion of law, and the pending treaty Is, In u leiy definite sense, the tesult of our Ini tiative. In 1890 congress unanimously adopted a concur! ent rebolutlon request ing the ptesldent "to Invite from time to time, as tit occasions may arise, nego tiations with any government with which the United States has or may have diplo matic relations, to the end that any differ ence or disputes arising between the two governments which cannot be adjusted by diplomatic) agency, may be leferred to arbitration, and be peaceably adjusted by such meuns." In 1693 tho British housa of commons expressed the hope that liar Majesty's government-would "lend their ready co-operation to the government of the United States, upon the hauls of the foregoing resolution," The pending Reasons w - f - M - f -f -H-H-H-f-M-f-f -M-4-f-H-f -f t the spirit of push and self-reliance which is foiced by a life In a one-stoiy house. He tomped about Hannibal. Thoie w'as'np one In "town who ever dieained the shaggy head of blown hair covered the brains which should later make him a welcome guest at the palace AC the German empetor. VAGUE IDEAS OF TWAIN'S YOUTH. There ate many stoiles over here about his early adventutes. The Lon doneis know that lie was once a pilot on the Mississippi, but they have but little notion of whete the Mississippi Is. Ho is known as a Journalist, but the most active Journalism he eer talks about is his term as city editor of the Entetpilse, published In Vliglnla City, Nev., or as a joint ieportet and deputy shetlff at Dutch Flatfc, In the Siena Nevadas. This was In 1SG2 and 1SG3, while he was seaichlng fame and wealth in the west and befoie he had pushed hlni3elf Into the attention of the east ot tho admiration of the critics and people over bete. He came over the Atlantic fltst In 1SC7. He had ptevlously t ambled over the islands of the Paclllc and had be gun the publication of articles which were beginning to attract attention. He l etui nod to America front the conti nent, and "Innocents Abtoad," In 1SCS), lather placed him In the public eje as a ptofesslonal humorist. It gave him the reputation for broad and healthy hu mor. The iltbt impression was that he would not succeed In any other field. HAYMAKING IN SUNSHINE. It was about this time that Profes sor Chatles F. Rlchatdson, in his book on the llteratute uf the country, ad vibed Maik Twain to make hay while the sun shines "since twenty yeats hence, unless the school enshilnes Its w Its In some higher literary achieve ment, Its unknown succesbots will be the privileged comedians of the tepub 11c." There have been' no succesbots, un known or otherwise, and more than tw enty yeat s ha e passed. He has ptoved the prove! b of Commo dote Vundetbllt that It Is easier to earn a fottune than to keep It. His earn ings were Immettbe fiom the beginning, and have succeeded twice oer that of any other Ameilcan writ er. Bionson How aid made over $200,000 in the loyalties on his plays, but Twain tecelyed more 'than that for "Innocents Abioad." Ills Income fiom this soutce was $100,000 duilng the lit st three years. Miss Al cott made $100,000 out of "Little Men" and "Little Women," but Twain's "Gilded Age' was wotth $SO,000 to his lapldly gtowlng foitune'; "Tom Savv yet" was a gold mine. "Life Upon the Mississippi" and "A Tramp Abroad" had sales that were marvelous. ONCE A FULL MILLIONAIRE. The hay he made while tho sun shone amounted to half a million, and good Investments made him as much moie. The llnanc'lul sun began to set In 184, although "Pudd'nhead WllAn" anJ other shoit bketches went to i.rovo that he had a vein othet than the o he r.ad wotked so successfully something to make people laugh und then think. It was then that hejbeuan to handle uc tlvely his laige'means. The ptostits of the publishing film of Webster &. Co. beemed gllttotlng, and he put nls capital Into It. He was then 60 yeats old and was ptepailng to settle In LonJon ami A CiV treaty, by which the two governments agree to submit to atbltratloti, under certain limitations, "all questions In dif ference between them which they may fall to adjust by diplomatic negotiation"," follows almost the precise words of the lesolution ot congi ess. None but the most cogent reasons could Justify the rejection of a treaty thus ne gotiated In dltect tesponse to our own Invitation. WHAT THE TRKATY IS. The tteaty provides dlffetent methods for the various cases urlslng. Pecuniary claims are to be submitted to a tribunal consisting of "Jurists of re pute," thtee or live lit number, each gov ernment naming one member of the coutt If it consists of three petsons, or two niembei s, If It consists of ttve, The re maining membtf Is to be selected by those first named, or, If they cannot agree, by the Joint uctlon of the Supreme court of the United Stutes and the Judicial com mittee of tho British Privy Council. Final ly, and only In the event of these bodleg being unable to unite in a solectlon, the third or fifth member Is to be named by the king of Sweden und Norway, Other matters of difference, not Involv ing territorial claims, are also to be sub mitted to the tiibunal of five, constituted as aboie; but whenever It Is found tlm the determination ot any dispute neces uutlly Involves tights of cither party os distinguished from the private rights ay talte life as his hard wotk deserved he should. It was at the beginning ,f this plan that he- was forced to the realiza tion of absolute bankruptcy. Mark Twain had pulled himself up by his own bootstraps, and he started out to rebuild his fortune. Ills name as a 'literary mah not as a btiHlnoss man was all he had left. lie found It wan worth niotiey. and he sinned a contrast for a series of Europeun letters for an American magazine at the unprccoleltt ed rate of $1,000 per letter. He bccuiod other contracts, and, had he been the mine as h was thjrty yeats ao, there was enough In sight to wipe out his oh llgutlons made by the publishing house and put him on his feet, lie was not equal to Up opportunities. A few months nc,o he came buck from a trip to Africa. He Is putting the ex pet lencos he had Into his book anil should ho live long enough to complete the story he hopes to pay the last cent of his Indebtedness and leave something for his family. The sttuggle Is teally one of most tearful contemplation, with every Indication that the poor mun will not be able to teallze his last faint hope It Is possible at this time to se pro phecies In some of the assertions he lias made In other vears. Hi' wtote In the midst of his prosperity that "the law recognizes no mottgage on a man's brains. Honor Is a hatder master than law. It cannot compromise for less than a bundled cents on a dollar, and Its debts never outlaw." He once said that he leatiicd this philosophy when he was living out In Florida, a little town In Mlssouil. The home In which he wus born was a two-loom log cabin "altogether too mean u hoube for so great a man to be born In," as his tnoth et lematked during her last Illness. His futher struck hard fast to honor. He paid his debts at their face value. There Is. always evidence that his life ' .AfajUHfC"1 Stockholm, Jan. 12. The superb tor tune of the Nobel family the gieatest fortune In all Sweden, and one of the gieatest In all Euiope, If not In tho wot Id will go to the advancement of science and the elevation of the human iuce. Mote than SOO.000,000 fiancs $60,. OOO.UOO In Ameilcan coin has been be queathed bj Its lute possessor, AlfteJ Noble, to be ubed as a peipetuul fund, the Interest of which will seie as o stimulus to lnentle Eenius, a leward for diseoveiy In science und as an emo lument for thoe w ho excel In uesthetlc and llteiary aits. Never In the history of mankind lias such a thing us this been known. No kins: has evet been such a royal donoi ; no gmeinnient ha) eet held out such Inducements to the cultivation of all those fields ltotn which spilng the efficient and permanent toic es that go to make up human progiess. Alfted Nobel, by his giand bequest, has earned a place In hlstoiy. His good work will live. In fact, and his inemoiy will be ptesetved lu the centuiles yet to come. The wealth which his genius enabled him to win fiom the woild he has given back to the woild at laige; not to his own count! y. but all coun tiles; not to his own people, but to all peoples. That Is w hy Alfred Nobel Is moie honored In Sweden today than Is Sweden's king, kind and good thuugh he be. The great inanufactuiet's chai acter was In eery way entltely worthy of the name he bore. Alfred Nobel, the last of the four No bel biotheis, the peti oleum kings of nu lope, died Dec. 10 at St. Remo. At flist eiate wheieof It Is merely the International rep resentative, then the dispute Is to be re ferred to the tribunal provided foi Hie ad judication of tenitoilal claims. This tribunal Is to consist of thtee Ameilcan und three British Judges numed by the president of the United States and the queen of Great Bittaln respectively. There Is no umpire. The award of this tribunal Is not to be final unless agieed upon by a majority of not le.ss thun live to one of Its members. But If there should be a less mujorlty, the awaid maj also be final If both powers acquiesce, If either protests against It as erroneous, the annul will be of no alldlty. It is further pro vided that In such cases of disagreement, there shall be no iecoune to hostile meas ures of any description, until the media tion of one or more friendly powers has been Invited. The tteaty Is to remain In force for live years, and as much longer as the two gov ernments desire elthei being at liberty to tei minute If after Jan. 11, 19U.', by meie ly giving notice. There will, therefoie, be full opportunity for revision If, aftei a fair trial, experience shows defects In the practical working of tho scheme, SUPPOSED OBJECTIONS TO THE TREATW Tim objections to tho treaty which have come to the notice of this committee, have received careful and tespeotful con- j slderatlon. Wo believe that they at a almost His MillioDs for w. on the big river left the most secure Int ptesslons on his mind. It wag from this period that he got the name Under which he Is known, even by his personal and Intimate ft lends. It Is the ciy used to this duy lu the river navigation, and incaiiB that the mun at the line, taking tho depth of the water for the captuln, finds It Is twelve feet to the bottom. "Twain" stands for twelve and "Mm It" Is an ubbtevlatlon for tho long sentence that would be necessary to say that the "maik" shows twelve feet. The man at the line yelled "Maik twain" anil Clemens nt the pilot replied "Maik twain." He did not suspect at tho time that the expieaslon would become his torical rather than provlnclul. The humoilst alwnys bus given his mother much of the ciedlt for his suc cesses. She was a superior and hand some woman, much given to dreamy speculation. She was tho source of some of his most admirable rhaiueter Istlrs. It was also foitunutu thnt his early home was suriounded with natur al featutcs which mude good capital for him In later yeats. EARLY IMAGINATION FOSTERED. Tlitre wete clens and cliffs mid b Innds with caves, fostering the Imag ination of any lad who was cupable of dreams of adventure Almost eveiy rnck and natutal bcene used In "Tom Sawyer" and "Hucklebeny rinn" can still be found. "Tom Suwyei's" Island Is still In the liver Just below Hannibal Clemens, as a boy, had the gieatest ambition to excel, Next to being at the head of his class, he hoped to be a star In a Ulcus. He tells that he used to give exhibitions of his ofowess during "i ecess." He could w ulK,fui ther on his hands. Jump higher and turn neater sumetsaults than ony othei boy in school. It was this tomplng, tovlng spirit that laid the foundation for ills ALFRED NOBEL, Famous Swedish Philanthropist. It was believed, and so lepotted, that he had ghen the entlte Nobel fortune to the Unheislty of Sweden, but this was denied, and It Is now definitely known lust whit disposition the llch man made ot his millions. The will was opened on Dec. CO. The litbtiuinent Is not lengthy It is dated at Pails, No. 27, IS!)'., and begins by canceling all fouiier wills. Some millions of ktoner aie bequeathed to lelathes and fi lends, alter which the te.xt of the will leads as follows: "The whole of my lemalnlng foitune is to be given away In this mannei : My execu toib aie oideied to comeit my entile estatt Into sufe -ecutltles, which shall constitute a fund, the Interest of which Is to be annuallj divided among those who, during the war pioeedlng, have done the gieatest sen Ice to humanity. The Income - to lie dhlded Into five equal paits, which sail be dlsti United In this way: "One-fifth for the most Inipoitant dlscowi In the nutuial sciences. Oue-llfth for the most Important dlscovei In physlologj and medicine. "One-fifth for the most excellent woik In lltetatuie, and the lemaliiing flftn pait to that peibon who has laboied most effecthejy foi the million of hu manity, the dl'-aimament, paitlal in complete, of standlnii aimles, and for the otgunlzatton ami pinmotlou of peace congl esses " "The pilzes foi natutal science and chemistry," continues the will, "aie to be aw aided by the Swedish Academy of Science. Those for phi slology and medicine bv the Caiollna Institute nt entirely owing to an Imperfect study, cr a misapprehension, of Its piovlslons or of t hell possible eltect. It seems to be supposed that the treaty may lequlie the conducting patties to aibltrate questions of policy Hut bj re ret I lug to the treaty Itself, It will be found that the parties have ugreed to submit their differences to uibltiatlon only 'in ucioidauce with the provisions und biibject to the limitations of this tieati." The questions which may be submitted aie all lucludtd undei three heads, viz.: l'ecunla ly claims, teiiltoilul claims und "all other mutteis In difference, In respect to vvhlen either of tho high conttactlng putties shun have rights against the other under tieaty or otherwise," It Is clear thut no such ugreement requites the nrbltititloit of mut ters of policy, The teim "tlghtB," as used In the treaty, can only mean legal tights. The vvoids of the tieaty aptly dellne the agreement to atbltiate so as to exclude fiom Its opeiutlou all questions not suit u ble for Judicial decision; and It could no more be held by either paity to lequlre Great Hiltuln to arbitrate the pilnclple of the halunce of powei In Euiope, or the United States the Monroe Doetilne, thun It could be held to oblige either party to arbitrate its stunduid of vulue or Its tarllT policy. The appointment of the third oi llfth a contingency, that wo shall be spared those wasteful disturbances of the busi ness of tho 'country which aro sometimes caused by gioundless lumois ot Impend 5MMM ImI subsequent health, which could not be Undermined by hatd work, but which Is falling under tho stiess of disappoint ment. It has been Insisted that Twain's shambling step und drawling method of speech aro affectation. The men who lemembor him as a boy claim that the two peculiarities were distinguishing traits In the boy's young habits. He was then thick sot, with shaggy hair, and a face so full of fteckles that there was not loom for ono freckle more. CREATED JUST FOR'FUN. He looked like a boy "created Just for fun.'Vnnd his peipotunlly tiled, weary gait and ludlcious speech made him such a Joke that, had anyone ventured to pick one of the Clemens boys as n coming gieat man, tho choice would lme suiely fallen upon Homy or Orion anyone but Huinttol. Muik Twain has been honored with niembei ships In most of the Railing or deis niul societies of met It on the con tinent. Ho woie the ribbon of the Le gion of Honor, and when asked about It did not dtaw himself up with pilde, but teplled that he hud the distinction. "KVw escape it," ho added, with his custoinu'iy diolleiy. And the ieadlnes ol the bit of humor Is but ehatactotls tlc of the readiness with which he saw tin- fun In eveiy thing. It was this tead lness that made him one of the best talkois that evei stood at a banquet table. Theio Is now no more personally pop ular writer in London. The reading public here knows him as It knows a household, but theio ate not many who realize the plucky light he Is milking, with all the odds agnlnst him. He Is pi nimbly working hut tier now than ever befoie. Sad It Is the lesults do not look pionilslng. Stockholm; those for literature by the Swedish Acudemy, and those for the piomotion of peace by a committee of live pel sons to be upyolnted by the Noiweglnn stot thins (.the leglslathe body, tepieseiiting the sovetelgn people of Not way It Is my earnest deslie that in the dlstllbution of the pil?es tlie natlpnallt ot the ptlze wlnnei shall not be considered. The one most wot thy sbull be awatded the pile, whether he be Scandinavian or othet wise." Some months of investigation will be tequlied befoie the precise uinount of Mi. No bel's foitune can be learned Hut tlieie Is no doubt that the total to lie used In the wais descilbed will exceed that of the sum mentioned abuw Hy this will the gieat Swede dwarfs all the bencfactois who haw pie ceded him The munificence of his be quests to humanity make the phllan thioplsts: of all times and all coun tiles Insignificant by contiast. Com puted with whnf he does tot his lace the ghlngs of the phllanthioplsts of Euiope und Ameilcu become meie bug atrlles In the mlsei's giudging, hulf open hand. Foundeis of bin hospital", cteatois of unlwtMtles, bullileis of cinu cites all who hue come befoie him ate swept Into oblivion by the length and breath of his wondeiful legaci Piupoitlonnl to the lustness of his gift Is the wisdom with which it Is glwn Mr. Nobel has founded no unl veislty, no nation oi stute or city community Is to be benefited by his Heed The whole woild will bhuie In (Continued on Vase 10 ) .S& A 1 ing conflict. It cannot fall, theieforc, to iilbitiatoi In ceitalu contlngt notes, by the king of Sweden and Noiwa, has been oiltuiM.il, but no moie ucicptuble means of selection lion been suggested. Leaving the choice of an umpire to lot, us has been done In tome of our tieatles, Is open to far graver objections. It has been our com mon piuctlce In treaties of utbltiutlon, to ptovldo for the uppolntment of eeitain mcmbeis of the tiibunal by friendly Ihi ropean governments. The Sun Junn dis pute vvh'ch wus tho subject of oui hut bound J! uibltiatlon with cheat Britain, was submitted to the dleislon of the'em pcroi of Geimaui us sole uibltratoi. But u more conclusive answer thun an appeal to pieceilent, Is found In the fact that this treaty provides that all tenltoriul claims, und all disputes Involving piluclples of general Impoitunce affecting imtlonul rights, are to be dealt with by a couit exclusively composed of American and Biltlsh Judges, and that such controvtr s'es cannot bo decided against us unlets two out of three of out own tepiesenta tlves concur lu thinking us In the wrong. WHY THE TREATY SHOULD BE RAT IFIED A candid examination of the treaty will show that while fait ly cove i lug all sub jects ptoper to be submitted to Judicial decision, It has been drawn with unusual caution and piecisloit, so as to protect the Just lights of euch count) y. For clulnt3 he BENSON Inventor of i THE FATHER OF 1 The Claims or an Indiana Inventor, Benson Bidwcll Says J lie Originated the Idea but Got Nothing for It. ! MHHHU From tho Tlmes-IIcrald. Rochester, Ind .Tun. 23. Benson Bid well, the Inventor of the tiolley sys tem of operating railway and stieet cais, Is the plaintiff In a lawsuit which may lesult In his coming Into the for tune to which, ho alleges, his early pat ents entitle him. Mr. Bldwell Is not onli' the Inventor of the tiolley system as It Is used today, but Is likewise the discoverer of the ptocess by which tall wny cars aro opetated, heated und lighted by the sumo, cuuenf. He claims that every machine used In this piocess Is an inftlngement on one or another of his patents, and he believes that when Justice shall have been given him his ptesent condition of poverty will have been changed Into ono of wealth. o Bldwell's stoty Is like that of many other unfortunate lnventois who lost the benefits of lifelong effotts. He was born in 1835 in Lhingbton county, New York. Soon after his birth his father moved to Adrian, Mich., and at tho age of 9 had the good fortune to meet Pto fessor Morse, who was giving exhibi tions of his wondeiful telegraph me chine In vailous cities and towns. The people of Adtlan put Morse down as a quack, but young Bldwell was deeply impiessed with what he saw and made up his mind to study electricity. He lead all the literature ho could find on the subject, and when, In 1845, his fa ther moved to Toledo, Benson secured a position as messenger boy in the of fice of the new telegtuph line that had been lecently built between Toledo and Cleveland, To further his studies in electilclty he went to New York In 1S37 and worked us a humble cletk in a stole, while at night he attended I Piofessor Diupex's chemlstiy class In Cooper Institute. Pioflting by the chances otleied him by the Astor 11 btaiy, he stored his mind with treas uies of science he found in books. The j ear 1SC3 found him In Chicago, and It was while living there he concehed the Idea of applying electrlcty to locomo tive put poses. In 1S8C lie temoved to Grand Rapids, and while living there he petfected his models of the tiolley cur, with Its ovethead lines. His ex pel lence was that of most Inventors lie Ihed in poveity while at work on his Inwntions, From 1808 to 1S78 ho lived at South Bend and woiked upon his models, while bis son Charles suppoited the family by keeping a little candy stoie. He made a tour thtouch Indiana, giv ing lectutes on electilclty and exhibit ing his models, but he was legaided and dismissed us being a ci'ank. Ill foitune uttended him until 1881, when the elec tilcul exposition lu the Frunklin Insti tute ut Philadelphia gave him un op pot tunlty to place his work befoie the public. Eaily in tho hpilng of 18S3 he staited for Philadelphia with his models, In a penniless condition, but he managed to make a few dollais in tho cities along the w ny and bj the kindness of the tallway conductois; who he would In tel est In the models, he managed tc leach his destination in about tlnee weeks He was lepeatedly bullied In his uttempts to preinll upon some one to furnish the means necer"ui'i to coit sttuct und equip a cat of sulllcient size to cutry pussengeib, and he was about to glw up In despali when u good nutuied, genet ouH-heat ted Got mun, William Rosengurdnet, of Philadelphia, Arbitration pureli pecunlarj tribunals are provided huvlng a so-called umpire, but nil gravei disputes ure to be llnalb decided without the ptisenco of un uniplju, und oull b un utmost unanimous vote, unliss, Indeed, both parties aie satisfied with the decision nuuU' b a less mujorltj. It also appeals that hi esse of Haul dUagiccmunt on buih inipoitant matters, before a tesort to hostile action of uny description, the mediation of frlendl powets must bo In. voked, which mediation la its veiy nutuiu will be onl; udvlsoii, and will leave tho two pit ties ivicemcd entlieli ftee In tho exeiclbt- of theli lights of sovereignty, und that, therefoie, thu apprehensions ex piessed li some, that the tieaty may lu. volve a lenuuulatluu of the Monioe Uou tilne In ani uceeptatlon of the term, or of nni of oii legitimate tights of boverelgn t, uie entltely gioundless. Pot the settlement of nil disputes cf gteater Importance than meie pecuniary claims, the tteaty simply furnishes tu the contiacting parties well devlccd oppoitu ultles for Judicial discussion of the points in conttoversy, to the end of facilitating u peaceable undeistaudlng. It will prevent the pieclpltuto oponlng of hostilities undei the spin of heedless passion. It will glvo sudden excitements tlmo to cool and make wuy for calm itason. It will discourage the udvonacy of war for reasons that cannot stand the sciutiny of uu unliupas sloned und well Informed Judgment. While not rendering war absolutely Impossible. It will make It so Improbable, so remote fKNtHKiiM WWW WWiw' rMu- BIDWELL, the Trolley. f tiAtt THE TROLLEY, f 4-M-f 4- camo to the rescue. The president of the exposition allotted a space of 100 feet for the exhibit. After a number of experiments a cur was constructed seven feet In length and four feet wide, and to uocommodate fifteen paBsen geia. Mr. Bldwell had arranged tho apparatus so that tho car could be run back and forth over the 100 feet of traok and so that the same olectricul curt out would ptopel, heat and light It. The Edlbon company had agieed to furnish, the lamps, but when tht su perintendent of that company learned the plans of tho Inventor, ho absolutely refused to allow Bldwell to uso the Edl bon lamps, as the numetous experts on tho ground weie positive that a cur rent strong enough to propel the car would Immediately burn out tho lamps. It was only by persistent pet suasion that Bldwell secuted the lamps, and when they were properly placed and the cuirent applied, the most sanguine expectations of the Inventor wete teal lzed. The lighting and heating ar rangements of tho car weie perfect, and It was kept busy tunning back and foi th over the track throughout the oiposltion. This was the Hist car ever run by the trolley system. In 1884-83 Mr, Bldwell operated two cats at an exhibition In Boston on a clicular track GOd feet In circumference, and his In vention attracted universal attention throughout the New England states. All of the Inventions were patented as boon as practicable after their dlscov eij, and tho Inventor claims that there Is not today a trolley line In opetatlon in the United States that does not In fringe upon the patents Issued to and owned by him. Ills patents cover all the principles Involved In ptopelllng, lighting and heating cats by tho trol ley system. He has no adaptability for general bublness transactions, and It WiH thtough his weakness In this te spect that he has never ptollted llnan dally ftom his Inventions. o About four yeais ago he commenced a suit In Toledo against the Consol idated Electtlc Stieet Railway corn puny of Toledo, and the tiial has been lepeatedly postponed and a heating has not yet been had. Sulllcient testimony has been taken, however, to satisfy unprejudiced pet sons of tho Justice of Bldwell's claims, and the defendant has made sewtal offeis of compiomlse, all of which have been spumed. In 1887 Mr. Bldwell tun his cats on the lake front nt Chicago und hud bevoral Inter view s with Mr. Yeikes und endeavoied to enlist htm In the Invention. Finally, In 1888, Mr. Yotkes wtoto that he hud (.Mven the mutter nn exhaustive inves tigation, and had concluded that suffi cient power could not be geneiated to make' an electt 1c street cat lino prac ticable for Chicago. And now the Inventor, after a life full of tilal and hardships, believes that he is In sight of tho goal. He Is a quid, couiteous gentleman of rute so cial qualities. He Is a leading mem bnr of Gince Methodist Episcopal chuich of this oltv. In 185G ho mar iled Miss Clara li. Burch, of Grand Rapids. One of his daughters Is Miss Sylvia May Bldwoll, a well known act tess. Mrs. Henry Ii Abbey Is to appear In London aH rioref.ee Ueaturd, tho nams uiulei whkh she made her reputation In England She will act under tho munage tnoitt of John ,'ilecpet Clarke In Glen iluedonough's piay, "The Prodigal Father." be a strong safeguard of peaco between the two great nations concerned In It, and as the glotlous txamplo Is likely to be followed by other countiles a blessing to mankind. Tho initiation of tho movement for es tablishing a permanent system of arbl tiatlon, of which this treaty between tho Unltm States und Uieat Britain Is the til st fiult, forms one of the most honora ble p.tgis In Ameilcan hlsoti The Amerl cun people will certainly not full to up pieeluto the glori of leadeishlp In this gieat cause which is the cuuso of advanc ing civilisation. Poi these reasons the committee, being convinced after caieful study that the tieati ileseives all the commendations bestowed upon It by friends ot peace and piogms tluoughout tho woild, express tho confident hope that the senuto ot tho United States will soon give thu tieaty tho sanction of Its apjnoval. Respectfully submitted, William E. Dodge, John V. Foster, J. B. Mooie, Ly man J Gage, Horace Davis, Henri Hitch cock, C. C llaulson, Chailes F Keiiuer, Chatles W. Elliot, Simeon E. Baldwin, D. M. Key, Nelson A. Miles, J. Randolph Tucker, riemlng Du Blgnou, Call Schuiz, William 11. Tuft, Gatdlner G. Hubbard, Herbeit Welsh, .1. 11, Converse, Cleotgu A. Pilsbury, Alux. T. Hutnphiey, L. T. Chant beilaln, Geoigo L, Rlvos, William C. atuy, V. A. Fullor, Mootlleld St6tey, Ed waid Atkinson, Joseph Ciosby, A. T, Mc Ulll, Oscar R, Hundley, tatv.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers