THE SCKANTON TRIBUNE- SATURDAY MORNING, JANUAUY 0, 1807.
11
EXTRA SESSIONS
IN PRIOR TIMES
Review o! an Interesting Phase of Our
National History.
REASONS FOR THE VARIOUS CALLS
Tho Prolonged Dalmto on tlio Con
gress Cliuiso in tho Constitution.
Tho Tlrst llxtrn Session Wns Cnllod
In aiiiyl707, rrcsldcnt John AiluniB.
Othor Kxtriioruiiuiry Assemblages
of tho Iitiw-hiokliiB l'owtsr.
The constitution, article II., section ...
provides that "the president may, on
extraordinary occasions, conven otn
i,r,,icoo , uiihw if tliein." As orlgln-
ullv reported Uy John llutled.- of
Sor.t Carolina, from the committee on
detail of the Federal convention of
177, article III, was ni folio .vh
The legislative power shall lie vested
In a congress, to consist of two sepa
rate and distinct bodies of men, u
house of representatives and n senate,
euch of which shall In all cases have
n negative on the other The loglsln
ture shall meet on the tlrst Monday In
Ue emlcr every year.
When that article was taken uo for
convderatlon, Jamon Madison, of Vir
ginia, desired to know the reasons of
the committee for fixing by the consti
tution the time of meeting of oonress,
suggesting that only one meeting
should be held every year, leaving the
time to bo llxed or varied by law. Gov
errnir Morris, o Ttw York, moved
to strike out -the sentence, as It was im
proper, he thought, to tie down the
legislature to a particular time. Na
thaniel Gorhnm, of Massachusetts,
thought the time of meeting should be
llxed, as otherwise states would be at
a loss to adjust thereto the times of
their elections. In New England states
the annual time of meeting had been
long fixed by their charters and con
stitutions, and no inconvenience had re
sulted. He thought it necessary there
should be one meeting at least every
year as a. check on the executive depart
ment. Oliver Ellsworth, of Connecticut
was opposed to striking out tho words.
Itufus King, of Massachusetts, did not
think there was a necessity for a meet
ing eacli year. A great vice in our
system was that of legislating too
much. The most numerous objects of
legislation belong to the states. Those
of the national legislature were but
few. The chief of them were commerce
and revenue.
MR, MADISON OBJECTED.
Mr. Madison renewed Ills objection to
the provision, mid added as a. strons
consideration that it might happen that
the congress might be called together
by the public exigencies and finish their
session but a short time before the an
nual period, In which case it would be
Inconvenient to reassemble so quickly.
Mr. Mason, of Virginia, believed "that
an annual meeting should be required
as essential to the preservation of the
constitution. The extent of the country
will supply business, and if it should
not, the legislature, besides legislative,
is to have inquisitorial powers which
cannot safely bo long kept In a stato
of suspension." Roger Sherman, of
Connecticut, was decided for llxlng the
time, as well ns for frequent meetings
of the legislative body. "Disputes and
Cllllculties will arise between the two
houses, and between both and the
states, if the time be changeable. Fre
quent meetings of Parliament were re
quired, at the Revolution in England,
ss an essential safeguard to liberty.
So also are annual meetings in most
of the American charters and constitu
tions. There will be business enough to
require it. The Western country ana
the great extent and varying state of
affairs In general will supply objects."
Edmund Randolph, of Virginia was
against fixing any day irrevocably,
but as there was no provision made
anywhere for regulating the periods
of meeting and some precise time must
be fixed, until the Legislature shall
make provision, he could not agree to
strike out the word altogether. In
stead of which, he moved to add the
following words: "Unless a different
day shall be appointed by law." Mr.
Madison seconded the motion, and It
was agreed to by a vote of 8 to 12, New
Hampshire and Connecticut voting- in
the negative.
Mr. Morris moved to strike out "De
cember" and insert "May." "It might
frequently happen that our measures
ought to be influenced by those in Eu
rope, which were generally planned
during the winter, and of which in
telligence would arrive In the spring."
Mr. Madison seconded the motion. "He
preferred May to December, because
the latter would require the travelling
to and from the seat of government in
the most inconvenient season of the
year." Mr. Ellsworth was opposed to
May, saying: "The summer will inter
fere too much with private business,
that of almost all the probable mem
bers of the Legislature being more or
less connected with agriculture." On
the question to Insert "May," the ayes
were 2 (South Carolina and Georgia),
and the noes were S. The amendment of
Mr. Randolph were thereupon agreed
to.
Article III., as reported, was further
amended by striking out the words
"each of which shall in all cases have
a negative on the other" and by adding
the words "unless they shall by law
appoint a different day."
This, in the final revision, became
clause 2, section ), Article 1., with the
substitution of the word "Congress"
for "Legislature." The Judgment of Mr.
Madison, that the extent of the coun
try would "supply business," was vin
dicated by the first congress. The first
session convened on March 4, 17S9 did
not adjourn until Sept. 29, a period of
210 days, while by act of Sept. 29. it
fixed the day of meeting of the first
session on Jan. 4, 1790, that session last
ing 221 days. Uy net of March 2, 1791,
the Second Congress convened on Oct.
24 of that year, sat until May 8, 1792,
and, by act of May C, convened the sec
ond session of that Congress on Nov,
D. Prior to the Fourteenth Congress
there had heen five, "extra" sessions
cnlled, and by act of Congress the time
wus changed from the first Monday
In December, In seven other Congress
es to about the Bth of November.
Tho provision that the President
"may, on extraordinary occasions, con
vene both houses, or either of them,"
was in the report of Mr. Rutledgo
from the committee on Detail, save tho
words "or either of them." It led to no
debate or contest. Its necessity being
apparent by the experience of the Con
tinental Congress and the belief that
exigencies should be provided for.
TWELVE "EXTRAS" IN ALL. .
The power of convening Congress
"on extraordinary occasions" has been
exercised by nlno Presidents, viz.: John
.Adams, Jerferson (twice), Madison
(twice), Van Udrtiii, Harrison, Pierce,
Lincoln, Hayes (twice), and Cleveland,
making In nil twelve "extra" sessions
out of tho 118 sesslons.of Congrers held
during the century 'df out1 'existence as
a nation under the Constitution.
The first "exlra" session of Con
gress was cnlled by President John
Adams, anil cohyenetj on Monday, May
IB, 1797, and .wjis' ', the llrst session of
the Fifth Congress,
it was called on nccount of the sus
pension of diplomatic Intercourse with
Franco, on tho pretext, on the part of
the French Directory, that tho Jay
treaty was iv violation of our part of
a solemn compact In relation to the
French West India possessions. Our
Minister to Franco. Mr. Charles C.
Plnckney, had been expelled from
that country by the Directory, which
had Issued further orders for depreda
tion on American commerce more un
just and Injurious than their former
decrees.
Mr. Dayton, of New cJrsoy, was
again elected speaker, mill, there being
a decided Federal majority hi each
branch of congress, the president's rec
ommendations were promptly carried
out. Severn! Important measures were
passed, including nets for the organiza
tion of tho mllltla and providing for a
naval armament, the session closing on
the loth of July, after llxlng Nov. 13 as
the time of meeting of the second ses
sion. '
The next "extra" session was the first
sessldn of tho Eighth congress, con
vened by President Jerferson on Mon
day, Oct. 17, 1S03.
Tho "extraordinary occasion" neces
sitating, In the opinion of Mr. Jeffer
son, an. extra session of congress, was
the secret cession Of Louisiana bv the
King of Spain to France, the intendailt-
of Louisiana being, instructed to make
the formal .delivery precisely as It was
held by Franco When ceded to Spain.
In the execution of tills mandate the
intendant proclaimed that New Orleans
wus closed as a place of deposit for
merchandise, foreign commerce being
forbidden that port unless carried on
by Spanish subjects in Spanish bot
toms. Speaker Macon was re-elected with
out opposition, and as both branches
were friendly to the administration by
lurge majorities, the treaty mude by
Monroe, Livingston, and Plnckney was
promptly ratllled by the senate, the
house with equal promptness passing
a bill for tho execution of the treaty.
During tills session the unpopular
bankruptcy was repealed, and several
Important measures passed, Including
acts authorizing the president to take
possesion of Louisiana under the treaty
with France concluded, at Paris In the.
preceding- April, and an act "erecting
Louisiana Into two territories, and pro
viding for tho temporary government
thereof."
The attack upon the Chesapeake by
tho Leopard and the seizure of alleged
deserters from the British navy under
the "right of search" claimed by Great
Rrltaini together with unsettled differ
ences with Spain, induced President
Jerferson to call an "extra" session of
the Tenth congress, on Oct. 28, 1S07.
Tho earnest recommendation of the
president for the passage of an "em
bargo act" the most vigorous legisla
tion affecting private property ever en
acted by congress was promptly con
curred in by the senate by a vote of
22 to C, and by the house by a vote of
S2 to 44. Other important measures,
especially those making liberal appro
priations for gunboats and for coast
and harbor defenses, and also those re
lating to the judicial and public land
systems, were passed during this ses
sion, which closed April 23, 1S0S.
IN WAR TIMES.
Tho next "extra" session was called
by President Madison, who convened
the Twelfth congress on the 4th day of
November, 1811, to Consider questions
growing out of the condition oi foreign
affairs, especially resulting from the
Uiitlsh orders in council, and the
French edicts, which seriously affected
our commerce. The affair of the Little
Belt was deemed likely to lead to war,
the bitter feeling growing out of the
attack on the Chesapeake not having
subsided. The president earnestly
urged upon congress "the duty of put
ting the United States into an armor
and attitude demanded by the crisis,
and corresponding with the national
spirit and expectations," The "war
spirit" of the day was strikingly mani
fested In the elctlon of Henry Clay, as
speaker, over William W. lllbb, of
Georgia, tho peace candidate, by a vote
of "3 to 3S. Although Mr. Clay had
served three years in the senate, ho
was compartalvely unknown, the coun
try quite generally confusing the
speaker-elect with Matthew Clay, of
Virginia. "So much," says Schouler,
"for a. three years' record at this epoch
In the United States senate, where owi
llke seniority blinked down Impetuous
youth." It was during this session . at
Mr. Clay took the lloor In support of
the senate bill for 23,000 addltonal
troops when the defeat of that meas
ure seemed certain, his spirted and elo
quent speech saving tho bill, the llrst
Instance of n speaker taking part In the
debates of the hottse. During tills ses
sion many Important measures were
passed In harmony with the president's
recommendations, plnns of Internal rev
enue were considered, and custom
duties wcro doubled. Treasury notes
belling Interest were authorized to the
amount of $i,000,000. A 0 per cent, loan
of $11,000,000 was granted, bo that upon
the declartalon of war against Great
Britain by the act of June, 1812, tho
government was ns fully prepared for
the emergency ns possible.
The session terminated July C, 1812,
tho second seslon being fixed for Nov.
2 following, and the first session of the
Thirteenth congress being set for May
21, lSin. Henry Clay was re-elected
speaker by a vote of S3 to G4, represent
ing the administration vote, or major
ity, In the house. He resinned on tho
19th of January, 1S14, and Langdon
Cheves, of South Carolina, was chosen
ns his successor. The opposlton to tho
.war became quite general In tho east
ern and middle states, and a new em
bargo act was passed applying to all
vessels. In August, 1811, occurred the
sack and burning of Washington, tho
excuse for which waB given out as the
necessary destruction of the Capitol
building and the government archives.
DAYS OF DEFICIT.
In spite of the fact that tho second
session of the Thirteenth congress,
which adjourned April 18, 1814, had llxed
tho commencement of the third session
on the "fourth Monday of May, 1811,"
President Madison was compelled to
convene congress In extra session at a
still earlier day In order to provide for
treasury deficiencies, as well as to con
sider negotiations then on foot with
Grent Britain to decide "whether It
should require arrangements adopted
to u return of peace or order the more
effective provisions for the prosecuting
of war," and by proclamation of Aug.
8 the third session was convened Sept.
19. 1814.
It assembled under peculiar circum
stances. Tho city had been nearly de
stroyed, and out of the heap of rubbish
could be seen tho blackened wulls of
the capltol, firm enough, however, to be
used for rebuilding. Congress procured
u temporary shelter and proceeded to
consider the three great questions
which embarrassed it; First, a largo
treasury deficiency; second, disaff 'Ctloi;
of the New England states, thirl ill"
delicate negotlatli ns wl h Or'.at )3ilt
nln, whii"i mean: either an Irii.ii utile
peace or a l. oi view... i io" iitlon
of the war. Most of the bank-? outside
of the New England states had sus
pended specie payments. Massachu
setts alone kept Its notes ranged as
high as 40 per cent. Treasury notes
were again resorted to, tax bills were
numerous, including subjects not there
tofore re-sorted to, and a dliect tax win
laid.
The Hartford convention aggravated
the situation, and though Its full pro
ceedings have never been published Its
staled journal, when opened, being
found to contain a meagre sketch of
formal proceedings enough is known
to show that a deliberate attempt was
made by representative Federalists to
procure a separation of the states. To
use the illustration of a distinguished
writer, "the Hartford convention, har
dening into stone, reserves for all ages
a sphinx-like mystery."
Fortunately, our quarrell with Great
Britain was brought to an amicable
conclusion through the treaty of Ghent,
on the day before Christmas. Its last
session closed In an exuberance of joy.
Military operations were declared sus
pended; calls for additional troops were
countermanded; the mllltla was speedi
ly discharged, and the State Volunteer
act repealed. Dallas's bank scheme
was postponed, and congress provided
for the Immediate wants of the treas
ury by a temporary loan and a new Is
sue of treasury notes, by the acts of
February 24 and March 3, 1S1&.
VAN BUREN'S CALL.
Tho next "extra" session was tho first
session of the Twenty-fifth congress,
which was convened on the 4th of Sep
tember, 1837, by President Van Buren.
The general and almost simultaneous
suspension of specie payments In the
month of May wus the occasion of this
momentus susslon which dosed on the
IGth of October. The Inevitable explo
sion which Jackson'- empirical system
of finance, commencing with the distri
bution among the states of the surplus,
hud hastened, "burst In a moment the
blown bubble of fictitious prosperity on
which trade had painted Its Imuso In
rainbow colors, and scattered ruin far
and wide." With our debt paid oft and
our commerce so happily developed
that, In place of former specie remlt
tanres, American fabrics had found
their way to the ports of China and
South America to put chase return car
goes, our merchants hud reachd the
climax of prosperity. American manu
facturers had absorbed a large amount
of capital for the foreign as well at
domestic markets. Railway and canal
building,, which abrorb:d large sums of
money, with the Dressing demand for
the fruits of agriculture, had .stimulat
ed the growth of new American cities
WHEN DOCTORS RISAaREE.-Llfc.
and centres of trade, In the very midst
of this change, Jnckpon commenced his
light on tho National bank. The result
was tho dismantlement of tho bank by
tho removal of tho public duposlls In
1S33, although tho finance committee of
tho senate In March, 1830, had unanim
ously snld they were "satisfied that tho
country is in the enjoyment of a uni
form nntlonnl currency, not only sound
nnd uniform In itself, but perfectly
ndapted to all tho purposes of the gov
ernment and the community, nnd more
sound und uniform than that possessed
by any other country."
In the seven years from 1S30 to 1837,
tho nominal capital of Stato banks
hnd Increased from $110,000,000 to $223,
000,000. The "specie circular" direct
ing that nothing but gold and silver
should be received In payment of tho
public lands, discriminated against the
depreciated paper of tho State banks
ho hud created, wh.'.o to culminate the
crisis and crash of natlonul ruin came
a sreat slut of merchandise from Eu
rope, made possible by tho unfortunate
Clay compromise act of 1833; for having
Imported more than they could well
dispose of, our merchants since Amer
ican credit' was sadly Impaired had
to draw on their banks for specie to
ship across the Atlantic.
It was under such serious conditions
that the Twenty-fourth Congress con
vened In exlra session. Mr. Polk was
re-elected Speaker by a narrow major
ity. The President's message recited
the disastrous events of the preceding
six mouths nnd the delicti In the Treas
ury. Tho only measure or relief pro
posed by President Van Buren was
tho plan on scheme of "Independent,"
or, us was more commonly styled, the
"sub-treasury," which was acomplete
divorce at the government and all Its
operations from banks. That propo
sition failed, and Treasury notes (act
of Oct. 12, 1S37) were Issued, though
less In amount than recommended for
by Mr. Van Buren. Another measure
of temporary relief postponed the pay
ment of the fourth surplus installment
to the States. A few minor measures of
temporary relief were passed, but both
parties were content to wult until the
full elections, which, as u rule, were
Whig reverses.
JOHN TYLER'S EXTRA.
The next "extra" session was that of
the first session of the Twenty-seventh
Congress, which was convened by
President Tyler on the 31st of May,
1841. Tho occasion of this session was
declared in the proclamation to be
sundry Important and weighty mat
ters principally growing out of the con
dition of the revenue and llnances of
the country. Tho popular Impression,
however, was that the Sub-Treasury
was to be set aside for some sort of a
national bank.
The death of President Harrison one
month after his Inauguration, and the
accession of Vice-President Tyler to the
Presidency, with the complications
growing out of the change of policy
on the part of Mr. Tyler from that
mapped out by his predecessor, produc
ed great bitterness In Congress against
him, so that tho session was barren of
any Important legislation. John White
of Kentucky was chosen Speaker by a
viva voce vote an unusual proceed
ing. President Tyler's message aroused
the suspicion of the Whig leaders that
treachery was meditated by its author.
It urged that no tariff legislation be at
tempted at present; the sub-treasury
law should be replaced and a "suitable
fiscal ugent" substituted, while lie ex
pressed Ills disgust that Irresponsible
State banks hud multiplied so fast of
late. It was generally accepted as a
national bank message, as the report of
the becretnry of the Treasury (Thomas
Ewlng) distinctly proposed a national
bank. Henry Clay knew better, and
he submitted his plan, which proposed
the repeal of the sub-treasury act, the
Incorporation of a national bank, pro
vision for raising an adequate revenue
by means of new duties and a tempor
ary loan, and a few minor matters. An
act was passed (July 21, 1S41) authoriz
ing a loan of $12,000,000, and Mr. Clay
reported a bill from the Finance Com
mittee repealing the sub-terasury act,
which became a law Aug. 13, 1841 the
first distinctive national act passed by
the Whig party.
Secretary Ewlng In response to a re
quest from the two houses of congress,
transmitted a nlan of a "Fiscal Bank
of the United States," In which he had
the aid of Mr. Webster, then secretary
of state. The details of Its provisions
are outside the scope of this article,
but as It passed (the senate, 20 to 23,
and the house, 12S to 97) It was consid
ered a compromise measure. The veto
which followed aroused u storm of In
dlgnutlon, but his veto of tho second
bill for a "Fiscal Corporation" writ
ten without consulting his cabinet was
a thunderbolt. It demonstrated Tyler's
pel fldy, due to his Intense hatred of
Clay, und every member of his cabinet
resigned, save Webster. The address
of the Whig members of congress read
ing Tyler out of the party was fol
lowed by his being burned In effigy
throughout Mio entire country, but It
siu'ed the Whig party from destruc
tion, This "extra" session, but lor
Piesldent Harrison's untimely death,
would have strengthened tho Whig
party, and placed Henry Clay In tho
Whlto House four years later.
Tho falluie of the Thirty-fourth con
gress (which adjourned Aug. 18, 1850)
to make provision for the army for tno
ensuing fiscal year, necessitated an "ex
tra" session, which was accordingly
called by President Pierce, and mot on
the 21st day of August, three days after
the close of tho first session,
Tho differences between tho two
houses in regard to thnt bill related to
the amendment submitted by Mr. Lewis
D. Campbell, of Ohio, and adopted by
a close vote, which prohibited the em
ployment of the nrmy In the enforce
ment of any enactment of the terri
torial legislature of Kansas until such
enactment had been nlllrmed or ap
proved by congress. Tho house again
passed the bill with this provision, to
which the senate would not agree, and
a new bill wns thereupon passed and
approved without this provision, the
session terminating on the 30th of
August.
LINCOLN'S CALL.
Tho next "extra" session was the
first session of the Thirty-seventh con
gress, convened on the 4th of July, ISCi,
by President Lincoln.
It was culled, In the lungungn of Mr.
Lincoln, on account of "the opposition
to the laws of the United States, and
the obstructions placed In the way of
their execution," In certnln southern
stutes named, "by combinations too
powerful to be suppressed by the ordi
nary course of Judicial proceedings, or
by the powers vested In the marshals
by law."
The session closed on Aug. C, 1S01,
ufter passing many Important meas
ures for the Increase of the military
and naval establishments, for levying a
direct and an Income tux, etc., both
branches being In full accord with the
administration In respect to the policy
to be pursued toward the seceding
stntes.
An "extra" session of tho Forty-fifth
congress was called by Mr. Hayes, and
convened on the 15th day of October,
1S77.
This session was called on account of
the failure of the Forty-fourth congress
to make the usual appropriations lor
the army and for the ensuing llscnl
year, the difference between the houses
being the house provision In the llfth
section of the bill which Imposed re
strictions upon the president In regard
to the use of troops In Louisiana und
South Carolina for the purpose of In
stalling and maintaining the Packard
and Chamberlain governments in said
stutes. Besides passing the Army bill
(without the above lestrlction) and a
deficiency bill, nothing of Importance
wns done, the session terminating on
the 3d of December, 1877.
The final adjournment of the Forty
fifth Congress without making the
usual necessary appropriations for the
legislative, executive, and judicial ser
vice, and for the support of the army
for tho fiscal year ending June 30, 18S0,
necessitated an "extra" session of the
Forty-sixth Congress, which was con
vened by Mr. Hayes on the 18th day
of March, 1879.
Several Important measures were
passed during this session besides the
appropriation bills above named, In
cluding an act placing quinine on the
free list, one to prevent the introduc
tion of contagious or Infectious diseases
Into the United Stutes, the act creating
the Mississippi River Commission, etc.,
the session closing on July 1, 1S79.
During the session Huyes vetoed five
bills, viz., army and legislative, etc.,
bills; a bill to prevent military inter
ference at elections; a bill making ap
propriations for certain judicial ex
penses, and a bill to pay fees of mar
shals and their deputies, none of which
was passed over ills veto, both brandies
of Congress being Democratic. The ses
sion was characterized by very bitter
political debates In both houses relat
ing to the use of troops at the polls.
THE LAST ONE.
The Twelfth and last "extra" session
was convened by President Cleveland,
and met on Aug 1, 1S93, as the llrst
session of the Fifty-third Congress.
The House of Representatives was
Democratic by a large majority, hav
ing 218 members, the Republicans 127,
and the Populists and opposition 11.
Charles F. Crisp of Georgia, though a
pronounced "sllverlte," was re-elected
speaker without opposition from Presi
dent Cleveland, the "consideration"
for his neutrality being, It Is snld, the
appointment by the Speaker of William
L. Wilson of West Virginia as Chairman
of the Committee on Ways and Means.
In his proclamation of June 30, con
vening Congress In extra session on
Aug. 7, the President In a preamble re
cited that "distrust and apprehension
concerning the financial situation
which pervade nil business circles have
already caused creat loss and damage
to our people, and threaten to cripple
our merchants, stop tho wheels of
Copyright, 1690, by Mitchell & Miller.
manufacture, bring distress and pri
vation to our farmers,' hnd withhold
from our worklngmen tho wages of
labor; that tho present perilous condi
tion Is largely the result of a llnanclni
policy which tho executive branch of
tho Government llnils embodied In un
wise laws which must bo executed un
til repealed by Congress." Therefore,
to tho cud that the people might bo
relieved through legislation from pres
ent nnd Impending danger and distress
the President considered that an ex
traordinary occasion, tho assembling
of Congress on tho 7th of August fol
lowing. In hln special message to Congress on
Aug. 7, President Cleveland urged the
repeal4of the purchasing clause of the
Sherman Silver act, which compelled
the purchase each month of 4,500,000
ounces of silver bullion. He spoke of
the "alarming nnd extraordinary busi
ness situation" und of the "unfortu
nate financial plight," nnd amplified
this view, and ulso urged -that Con
gress would tuke other legislative ac
tion that should "put beyond nil doubt
or mistake the Intention and ability
of the Government to fulllll ltn pecun
iary obligations In money universally
recognized by all civilized countries."
On Aug. 11 Chairman Wilson Intro
duced a bill to repeal the purchasing
clause of the Sherman act. The debute
ran until Aug. 2?. and after vurlous
amendments adding provisions for the
rice coinage of silver were voted down,
the bill wns passed by yeas 239 to nays
109, a majority of the alllrmntlve vote
being Republican und of the negative
vote being Democratic. The senate In
serted a substitute for the last clause
of the bill, In which It was declared
to be the policy of the United Stales to
continue the use of both gold and sil
ver as stundutd money, to coin both
Into money of equal Intrinsic nnd ex
changeable value, such equality to bo
secured by International agreement as
will Insure the maintenance of the par
ty In value of coins-of the two metals.
A further declaration In favor of bi
metallism was made, and, us amended,
the bill passed on Oct. 30 by 43 to 32, a
majority of Republican senators voting
aye und three-fourths of the Demo
cratic senators voting no. The senate
amendment wus concurred in by yeas
i vw4SilT LHB",ir7
-AMCBBel&5' V
will do the
n
noniilnoUottolcne la sold everywhere with trudo marks "Cottolenc" nnd
itccr's head in cotton-plant wreath on every tin.
A handsomely Illustrated Kitchen Calendar of unique design, for 1697, containing Threo
Hundred and Slsty-tivc Selected lteclpcs
cookery Will be scut on receipt of tula advertisement und six ceuts iu idattips.
THE N. K. FAIRBANK
BAILK0AC031PANY.
Personally-Conducted Tours
MATCHLESS IN EVERY FEATURE.
CALIFORNIA
Three tours to CALIFORNIA nnd the
PACIFIC COAST will leave New Yo'k
anil Philadelphia Jan. L7, Feb. 24. and
March 27, 1S37. Five weeks In California
on the tlrst tour, and four weeks on the
second. Passengers on tho third tour
may return on regular trains within nlno
months. Stop will be made at New Or
leans for Mardl-Grus festivities on the
second tour.
Rates from New York, Philadelphia and
points east of Pittsburg: First tour,
$310,001 second tour, $35Q,00; third tour,
J210.00 round trip, and $150.00 ono way.
FLORIDA
Jacksonville tours, allowing two wcks
In Florida, will leavo New York nnd Phil
adelphia Jan. 20, Feb. 9 and 23, and March
9, 1S97. Rate, covering expenses en route
In both directions, $30,00 from New York,
and J1S.C0 from Philadelphia.
WASHINGTON
Tours, each covering a period of threo
davs, will leave New Vork and Philadel
phia Dec. 20, 1598, Jan. 21, Feb, 11, March
11, April 1 and 22, and May 1J, 1S97. Rates,
Including transportation and two iuy
accommodation at the host "". nshlnct ,
hotels. $14.50 from New York, and 511.1
from Philadelphia
OLD POINT COMFORT TOURS
Returning Direct or Via
RICI M0HD AND WASHINGTON
will leave New York and Philadelphia
Dec. 20, U90, Jan. 23, Feb. 20, March IS.
and April 15. 1637.
For detailed Itineraries nnd other In.
formation, apply at ticket ngencies, or
address Ueorso W. Uoyd, assistant gen
eral passenger agent, Broad Street sta
tion, Philadelphia.
;:scnetr nv ths Hioksst J.Icdical AuTiicniTiir
SfjHiTHOLlMHflLER
MMh2g&WL CATARRH
"- i .V-T1F"jV m ...h.frIIHnt4in
r-S ?!ii Ai. 1KIUU31 Till euro yi.u. .
c 4'?5 i. jfiR wcmlerliil boon to ouiiererf
IS' 1 rtiX froml'olilt, SoreTliront,
rZ$ Influenza, llronchlllk
i 79,'k cirIIA"i l'KVJCK. Affnru.
Sfrfl'' -QA immediate relief . Anemcicn
' : rcmci'y. tonvvnlerit to carr,
in pocket, renrlr to nn on Crt tncMmilun of culif
4'nntlmieil Una I:rToctr I'crnmucnt Citrv.
"SatUfiiLalonBULrinteiidormonPrroiuiidcd. Price,
S' cm. Trlul i rco nt Ilrucglsts. llecl&tercd mall,
O conts. li. D. CBSaniH, fcfr., Ihrco Favors, Uici , U. S. 1.
crrfjji-iaxi.ra-' as
FJiPSiTHfll Tho ""rest ami oafust rcrradr fo'
ltl.lH i nUL r.' skill l1lCISOB. KcXOKIb. Itch Su
".henm. nM Sores, llurno, "ni. '.V'onilcrl'ul ro
i. t.irPM.J'.K. Price,:;.-, els. i,t Drue- rj l I
' t'T ini.e Ofc. "."....HhnTH lir
For ealo by MATTHEWS mtOS. anil
JOHN II. PIIRI.PS. Scrantnn. Pa.
Gomptoden Preserved
DR. HEDRA'S
VSSiXF
.imwol
neraoves Frucldec, Plmploj,
Liver Moles, Blccl-SeaJuJ
Sunburn and Ten, end n
ctcrcs tho El; In to its origi
nal freshness, product a
clear imd healthy com
plexion. Superior to nil fsco
r 'fkwiJ
y r.fmf9 .
1L
harmless. At all
Scud for Circular.
prcpiiruuuua mm i.tiui.i
cirufsiits, or mailed, for EOeu.
VIOLA GKII1 SOAP li 'aflj tncccjcnMs u
ihla utlMas Satp, uncquilol Tor tho tollnt, itaa without a
rival Ui toit DurBery, Jlbioluttlr fure ad dbUUIr (ocdl
caietl. Al arusiilMi. Pries 2!iCf:ii.
rt. C. BITTNER &. CO., Tfll.EDO, O.
For sale by MATTHEWS BROS, and
JOHN II. PHKLFS, Scranton, Pa.
Ttioan tiny L'npauli'ii nr-
ncotm-nleiici'iUllrrlhrnblUinY
In wUr i loiiulbu. tiii.l'tUUI
ucua uuu u(7;(io!) mil
.... i .. .: :. -
Bsfg a einr s Fin xnvswk
lff?kO 4 Q l?bllhU ;
u uLKaa u t5 H QlsfidliQ v
nMrniMII
19 1 tQ nays 94, nnd the bill was- ap
proved, S.o far as tho session wns concerned,
It was besides tho repeal of tho pur
chasing clause of thq Sherman act
barren of results, and the repeal of tha
law lias not borne tho fruit expected.
It may bo said that tho "extra" ses
sion failed to accomplish any substan
tial relief, for tho simple reason that a
majority of tho Democratic memberrt
of both houses ofcongress had no con
fidence In cither President Cleveland
or Secretary Carlisle, and that tho
"lamo and Impotent conclusions" or
results, rather of that "extra" session
really laid the foundation of an over
whelming defeat of the Democratlo
party In November last.
Of tho twelve "extra" sessions called,
the first session of the Twelfth con
gross, called by Mr. Madison, was tho
longest (215 days), and tho second ses
sion of the Thirty-fourth congress,
called by Mr. Pierce, was tho shortest
(ten days).
The annual expenses of congress ap
proximate four millions of dollars, and
an extra session of congress does not
cost, besides the printing, to exceed
$75,000 per month, as mileage Is allowed
for but two sessions of congress, whllo
the great mass of business left unfin
ished nt the expiration of each congress
wilt readily suggest the absolute neces
sity of providing for at least three an
nual sessions of each congress. Under
tho present law, a representative taken
his seat just thirteen months after his
election to the house of representatives,
while his term and salary commence
about four months after his election.
All this will doubtless receive tho
enreful consideration of tho president
elect, who has personal knowledge of
this anomalous condition of affairs, and
has expressed his personal belief that
It should be corrected by proper legislation.
A Chicago general passsnor agent tho
other day received a letter from the pub
lisher of a little paper down In Arkansas
which seemed to have the merit of frank
ness, at least. The Arkansas editor said:
"Dear Sir: I wish you would send me a
pass from Little Kock to Chicago und re
turn. I've got to go to Chicago and I
enn't do It unless you do. My paper goei
almost everywhere In this section and
I'm having mighty hurd work to keep It
from going to h 1."
Better than lard
Cheaper than butter
Twothirds as much
work of either.
by tho best known touchers or ami
1 writers un
COMPANY, Chicago, III.
ASKlWTfl&?&iI:TON
GIVES THU
BESTLLGnTTVORI
ANP!5AB5QiyTElY5AFE
FOR SALE BY THE
flTLANTSC REFINING CO
SCRANTON STATION.
intellectual and practical training tor
teachers. Thn-e courses of study beslde
pieiinratory. Special attention elven to
preparation for college. Students ad
mitted to best colleges on certificate.
Thirty graduates pursuing further studies
last year. Great advantages for special
stuir.es in art nnd ni'is'c. Model school of
three hundred pupils. Corps of sixteen
teachers. Peautlful giounds. Magnificent
buidings. Largo grounds for athlotlcs.
Klovator and infirmary with attendant
nurso. Fine gymnasium. Everything
furnished at an averago cost to normal
students of $143 a year. Fall term, Aug.
28. Whiter term, Deo. 2. Spring term,
March 16. Students admitted to classes at
any time. For catalogue, contalnlns fulj
Information, apply to
S. II. ALUKO. Principal,
iMaiisfleld Pa.,
liESTORES VITALITY.
"
') Marlr n
....."
1st Day. PD
weii Man
- i .
wthDuy. ofMe
THE GREAT anil, iii.v.
produce.? tho nbn n reiulti, luao days. It acU
powerfully aud quickly. Cures when all others falL
lounjcuieu will regain their lobt manhood, and old
men will recoier their jouthtul vluor by usinn
ItKVlVO. It yulckly ami Burely restores Nervous
ness, Lost Vitality, liu potency. Nightly Emission.
Lost rower, raillnK llnnory, VVabtlnir DUeao,aud
oil ciTecta ot telt-abube or eiccssaod IndUcrttlon,
which uuHU oue lor study, bintiueiui or marriage, It
not only cures by k'airtinir at tho teat of diseue, but
s a groat ncrvii tonic and blood builder, bring,
lng back tho pink glow to pale cheeks and re
ktoriiitf tho llro of youth. It wards off Insanity
and Consumption. Jubibt on laving ItUVIVO, no
other. It can be carried in vest pocket. Uy mail,
s 1 .00 per package, or tlx tor 65.00, with u post-
Ho written i;uaruntco to euro or refund
Mo money. Clrcularfrce, Address
"rrjiriiNPO - - ..ct puiopn
l'or Solo by MATTHEWS UltOS., Oru.
Cist Ssruutou, Pa,
fiteguuM
timmMSSJeisW,Sm'
MANSP1CLD STATE NORHAL SCHOOL.
WJ?-' t 'K, L.
?