THE SCBAXTON TBIBTJNB 8ATUBDAY MOBOTNG, AUGUST . 1, 1890. DOINGS OF A WEEK AT CHAUTAUQUA A Resume ol the Events of Interest by the Tribune Correspondent VARIOUS SYSTEMS OF EDUCATION Prof. Dintuore's Visit to the Other World-A Reception Given Mem ber of the Press Club--8ondty er vices--Greek TableauiGreater Lights ia AttendancePersonal Notes. Special Correspondence of The Tribune, Montfort Cottage, Chautauqua, July 31, 1896. An attempt to attend everything an nounced by the Chautauqua dally bultj tin might end as disastrously as an at tempt to eat everything announced by the menu card of the Ponce de Leon or any other of our beBt hotels. An at tempt to give even a synopsis of an en tire week's proceedings In a brief letter would result very unsatisfactorily, hence I shall give only a few of the things that have seemed to me of es pecial Interest. ' "A Visit to Other Worlds" was the title of a lecture possessing many unique features, given on the evening of July 24 by Professor T. H. Dinsmore. It was an account of an imaginary trip taken to the moon and planets by him self and eleven other astronomers, four of whom were women and one his wife. They were Induced to undertake the trip by a legacy of $20,000, which was left some four years ago for the person who should discover Inhabitants on some other planet. All preparations were made within six weeks. Their aerial car, or ship, was of glass and was shot into space with a bow and arrow, the arrow being one mile and a half long, from the rear end of a fast dying express train coming down the Rocky mountains, bound for Chicago, They provided for all emer gencies, carrying compressed air tao lets for use after they passed the limit of the earth's atmosphere. The men carried them in their pockets, but the women belonging to this modern age, were obliged to wean them suspended from their necks. Their electrical en gineer warmed their car even when they were passing through space where the temperature had fallen to 200 de grees below the freezing point. The ve locity with which they traveled was quite anpsjlllng. After a series of thrilling adventures they succeeded in landing on the moon, which they found uninhabited, and took possession of in the name of the United States of Amer ica. They erected a monument of large stones, which they were enabled to lift with ease on account of the lesser at traction of gravitation. When you visit the moon you will see the Stars and Stripes not floating, as there is no air In which to float, but wired to place on the top of this monument. They breathed the air In their tablets, but were obliged to communicate in writ ing while on the moon owing to the ab sence of air as a sounu conductor. They returned to their ship, filled it with air and rejoiced at again being able to hear their own voices. After visiting several planets, they started on their homeward voyage, were caught In the tall of a comet, narrowly escaped be ing hurled Into tne sun and were at last landed on Venus, whlcb they found Inhabited by a superior race of beings, who, having never sinned, knew noth ing of death. When their mother, Eve, was tempted, as was ours In the garden of Eden, she said: "I must first ask my husband, Adam." Of course, he advised her to resist temptation, hence their eternal bliss. Just imagine a cou ple 6,000 years old, with the bloom of early youth still on their cheeks. The professor's Imagination must have failed him at the last, as he seemingly could devise no way of alighting upon the earth with the people he brought from Venus, except by tne shattering of his ship of glass, and confessed It all a. dream. There were a few whispers of "Jules Verne" during the evening. The lecture was delivered In a pleasing man ner, and while humorous, taught many ' scientific truths. PRESS CLUB RECEPTION. One of the treats enjoyed by the Press club last week was a reception ten dered us by Miss Rhlna Mosher, one of our number In the Woman's Chris tian Temperance union rooms, over which she presides. Delicious cake and lemonade were served. At the close of the evening the members felt them selves much better than before. One of guests was Dr. Eliza D. Mosher, pro fessor of hygiene and dean of the Wo man's College, University of Michigan. Dr. Mosher has but recently returned from abroad. Right here I will say a word about Kellog hall, the building In which the Woman's Christian Temp erance union's rooms are located. The building Is one of the newest and pret tiest on the grounds. It is situated on the corner of Pratt and Vincent ave nues. It was erected by the late James H. Kellog, of Rochester, In memory of his mother, who was a great worker In the "white ribbon army," and named the "Anna Kellog Memorial Hall." On the first floor are the kindergarten and Woman's Christian Temperance union rooms, on the second floor kindergar ten and china painting rooms, on the third floor dormitories for the use of the Woman's Christian Temperance union and kindergarten workers. A few days after the recej tlon I callel on Miss Mosher and enjoyed a pleasant chat She Is a charming young lady, and presides over her room with much grace and dignity.. On her table are numerous tracks and other temperance literature for free distribution. ' Noon prayer meetings are held here dally. At last Friday's meeting Mrs. Simpson of Scranton, gave an Interesting talk on "Municipal Reform," giving a brief sketch of the work done by the wo men of Scranton In this direction. On the .walls hang pictures of Ml s Frances Wlllard, Mrs. Kellog, Mr. Kellog, Mrs. Hayes and others, besides a fine pic ture of 'the "Woman's Temple," Chi cago. KINDERGARTEN ROOMS. During the last week I have mado several visits to the kindergarten rooms. This kindergarten Is now a part of the School of Pedagogy, which belongs to the collegiate department of Chautauqua. It Is under the super intendence of Miss Frances E. Newton, one of the directors of the Chicago kin dergarten Institute Miss Mart Ruet Hofer, who superintends the kinder rerten mucin and Miaa Atnall. Unfa editor of the Kindergarten Magaslne. I was very courteously received by the secretary, Miss Mary Louise Butler, of Chicago, who did all In her power to maker ma familiar with the general workings. Thera are now about one hundred pupils, fifty In each room divided Into groups of ten, each group under . a bright faced teacher. . The thought of the season la later-dependence, and la being worked out by the teacher down stairs. Miss Elisabeth Howard, from the home standard point, and upstairs by Miss Laura Skinner, through na ture work. It was very interesting to see the happy little ones at their games and marches, the Idea of helping one another being continually kept in view. This week they are bang taught their dependence on the shoemaker. During one lesson which I witness d they were sho,wn a picture of a shoe maker, taught a pretty song about him, and actually taken out to see a shoe maker at his work. One clay when I entered a demure little maiden of som four summers made a swe t picture car ing for her dolly, ana Its neat little bed, learning for herself where to place her plllowshams. In the afternoon the normal kinder garten classes are held. Miss Marl Hofer giving the teachers Instruction In kindergarten music. Dr. Henry la theory, according to Froebel, and Ml. s Newton in methods. There are some fifty teachers in each class. There Is also a mother's class where mothers are taught kindergarten methods and music. THE GERMAN C-URSE. One of the most Interesting depart ments in the collegiate course Is the German, conducted by Henry Cohn, A. M., of the Northwestern University, Evanston, III. Professor Cohn Is one of the most indefatigable and thorough Instructors It has ever been my pleasure to know. He has an able assistant in Mrs. K. K Hotrhklss, who also teaches a chlldrens clnss In German. Thirty hours' instruction a week nra jrlven by Professor Cohn himself in the different classes. ' " In connection with the German the German Club meets throe evenings each week, two meetings Informal fur Ger man conversation and sons and ine for a German program. MonOay even ing the club chartered tne stearne. Turkeye" and enjoyed a most delight ful excursion on the lake, .'topping nt Lone Point for Buoper and at Celeron to see tha sights which i muy describe In some future letter, arriving at the pier just after the Chimes, but In time to witness the last of the electrical display. The evening was perfect. All voted- the excursion a decided success and gave three rousing "Hurrah3" for Professor Cohn, followed by three for the captain of the boat as we landed. . In conversation with Professor Cohn yesterday he said: VIt is my Intention next year to have a German day at Chautaugua and bring the Germans of this country more in touch with the Chautaugua spirit and promote the spirt of sociology, not socialism, be tween Germans and Americans, which will also have a tendency to Increase the cosmopolitan Ideas of the Ameri cans. I would that I could reproduce one of the professor's anecdotes, but to do so would be utterly Impossible, the tone, gesture and crayon being ab sent. However, the following Is worth something even without those elements: "An Englishwoman seeing a grave in Chicago with a ladder leaning against the headstone inquired if it were a Are escape." When the professor finished we all knew that lelter Is the German word for ladder. It seems to me that from a pedagogical standpoint a course under Professor Cohn Is of much value as in any department of the school of pedagogy. SUNDAY SERVICES. Sunday morning the Episcopalians held Bervice in their pretty little chapel and . the Roman Catholics In College hall. At 11 a., m. Dr. F. W. Gonsaulus of Chicago gave one of his able sermons In his usually eloquent manner to some five thousand people In the Amphi theatre. Perhaps the great feature of the day was the collegiate service In the even ing. The different departments met In their respective buildings and marched to the Amphitheatre, led by Roger's band. Truly It was a grand sight, sym bolical of much, the greater part of the twelve hundred students in line. As they passed through the park the members of the faculty stood with un covered heads, allowing the procession to pans through. As they neared the Amphitheatre the lines separated, thj band, on one side. Dr. Palmer's choir of more than four hundred on the other and Joined In "Yield not to temptation," and other sacred pieces, while the fac ulty passed through the lines to their places on the rostrum. An impressive address was given by Dr. Harper, pres ident of the college, which was suppll mented by a song service In which the Buffalo quartette assisted. As usual the day ended In rain which continued during the night and greater part of Monday. THE GREEK TABLEAUX. An entertainment given last week Thursday evening drew a crowded house, and deserves more than a pass ing notice. The entertainment consist ed of Greek statue tableaux and poses, arranged by Mrs. Bishop and Professor Clark. It was difficult to realize that statues were real live flesh and blood, and not marble. Home of the paint ings copied were "Readlrg f r' m Dante," "Reading from Homer" and Stevens' "Siesta." At the annual pronunciation match Monday evening Miss Julia Stephenr, of Syracuse, won first prize, and MIsis Emma A. Twining, of Buffalo, and a member of the Press club, the second. The greater lights of this week are: Dr. P. W. Gunsaulus, from Chicago; Dr. Levi Gilbert, from Cleveland; Pro fessor Shaler Matthews. Professor Jonn Williams White and1 Mrs. Annie Jen-ness-Millcr. from Washington. V. C, who arrived on the ground Monday eve ning. Mrs. Miller fctves her lecture. "Dress for Health and Beauty," nt the Amphitheater Thursday p. m. Today, Wednesday, Is the C. L. H. C. rallying day, and various re-unions are being held. The denominational prayer meetings will be held at 7 p. m., thirteen dif ferent ones are announced by the morning schedule. The Disciples hold their first meeting in their new head quarters. Tomorrow evening at 7 o'clock, the non-partisan W. C. T. TJ. will hold their first prayer meting here In their room In the Arcade. As I ran Into their room for a moment yes terday I found Mrs. Joseph D. Weeks busy making the "Temperance Tri bune," of which Bhe Is editor. The paper is edited In Pittsburg and pub lished In Massachusetts. Her husband, editor of the "American Manufacturer and Iron World." was in Chautauqua from Saturday until Monday. NOTES OF A PERSONAL NATURE. A hearty welcome was accorded Chan cellor Vincent when he stepped upon th platform yesterday for the first time since his return.: All are glad to see Hon. Lew's Millar, president of Chautauqua, again In our midst.- . Sunday there were one hundred and ninety-two guests at Hotel Atheraeum. . Miss Mary Davis, a Scranton teacher. Is stopping at Cook Cottage. Miss Davis is taking two courses In Peda gogy. The young lady who Is to have charge of. physical culture In the Young Wo men's Christian association of Scran ton, Is taking a thorough course hers In the gymnasium. I enjoyed a pleasant call upon lira Simpson at the Hotel Athenaeum last evening. Mrs. 8impson and her daugu ter Intend returning to their Scran ton home Monday.) They express them selves as delighted with Chautauqua. Miss Sin peon has b en studying French while here. . Mr. Kemmerer, a former Tribune correspondent and graduate of Key-t-tone, now of Weileyan Unlvers.iy. Connecticut, Miss Aiken, teacher of elocution in Keystone, and Misses Thompson and Race Factoryvlile, stu dents, all enjoyed a happy - time at Monttord cottatro over the Sabbath. The fine conceits and musical re citals should be noted but space will not allow. L. M. M. MEN WHO NEVER MARRIED. Celebrities Who liave Deliberately Chosen to Live in Single Blessed ncssttome of the Reasons Ad vane ed. Perhaps the only modern instance of a man's desisting from marriage be cause of an openly indicated dislike of woman Is Algernon Charles Swinburne, the poet Naturally of a very retiring nature and reserved coldness, he has pointedly avoided woman wherever he could, and,, says a writer in the Boston Globe, although excessively iwarm and faithful In his friendship with men, for few women has ho shown the smallest admiration or understanding. Any one of the weaker sex whose mind Is culti vated beyond the limits tet by old-fashioned prejudice Is, in his eyes, the most unattractive of her kind, and even the wives of the best friends he rather avoids, while the one historical woman of whom he has .written, poor Mary of Scotland, has suffered bitter criticism at his hands, Vndoubtedly his sore af fliction of chronic nervousness has dune much to confirm him In this sour bach elorhood, as well as his preference for the quiet country life rpent chiefly at his paternal home, near Tenley-on-the-Tmahes. Here he dwells. In somewhat solitary grandeur, and. though so fear ful and scornful of women, he was in his youih pronounced by competent feminine critics to be attractive enough with his splendid accomplishments of muscle, as well as of mind. The heir aparent to the throne of Italy, the Prince of Naples, discour aged at his parents' selections In pros pective brides. He has said he will marry when he loves but as he avoids courts and feminine society as much as possible, the unpleasant- word tntso gamist has frequently come to the ears of his ambitious parents, and the most flattering suggestion of an alliance with one of the noblest and most powerful houses In Europe has been recently set aside by his wish. SIR ISAAC NEWTON. , No man felt the maternal Influence in a stronger degree than did the scien tific bachelor. Sir Isaac Newton. He was an only child, ' and a peculiarly faithful one, and though Mrs.-Newton lived quietly In her country home, and Sir Isaac a large part of the time In London, he obeyed, venerated and watched over her to the last hour of her life. Yet with the peculiar, maternal selfishness, disguised under the guise of devotion, she frowned on every one of her son's attachments. At every sug gestion of marriage . she wept and wrung her hands until ne obediently resigned all thoughts of domestic bliss, and after her death found himself too old and too deeply absorbed In his scl entlflo studies to change his mods of life. Charles Baudelaire, the poet, was governed In nearly the same degree by his mother's preferences. Though ho was wayward, eccentric and willful to a most painful extent, she remained his best Ideal, his one pure belief throughout his brief, miserable ca reer, and when no other voice could pre vail her wishes were his law. In the category of very Jolly bachelors Jean Baptlste Camllle Corot, the great landscaplst, belongs. In his youth, when, against his father's -wishes, he chose to paint In place of shopkeeplng, he had only an allowance of $300 to live on, and upon that, he frankly acknowl edged, he could not keep a wife. Later, when his father doubled his Income, hs still adhered to his belief that domestic happiness comes only for a good price, and, as he was 60 years old when his first picture sold, he felt It was too lato to make the experiment of wedded life. Then there was Mile Rose, iwho had worked In the hair store, Corot had scorned and with whom, from his first youth, he had maintained a friendship. But the friendship never seemed .o ripen Into a warmer feeling, though the pretty, modest French girl refused all offers from all other admiring swains. Every day she came and sat awhile In the spacious studio, with a rather wist ful expression In her eyes, and the handsome, sweet tempered artist was to her always the M. Camllle of her youth. But Mile. Rose died a spinster and Corot lived a jolly bachelor to the last. Charles Lamb very heroically sacri ficed his matrimonial prospects for the sake of his sister Mary. The dreams of a happy life with his first and only love, Anna, he set aside In order that he might nurse, amuse and work for the poor, insane sister, on whom he lav ished all the Intorest and tenderness which a man would therwlse have given to a wife and children. Edward Fitzgerald, the translator of Omar Khayyam, was the gentlest of monogamists, as Vas Phillips Brooke, r.nd as is the charming gentleman and naturalist, John Burroughs. With mu sic, language ond letters, Fitzgerald used to make himself entirely happy In his quiet country retreats. He loved once and early In his life was dlrap pointnd, and ever afterwards avoided the wiles of cupld. MODERN BACHELORS. No one was ever "found quite bold enough to make an Investigation into the case cf Bishop Brooks' celibacy. It was with him evidently a matter of choice, for no romances are reeo-3e1 of his school or collr ge diys, even by mem bers of his family, though many worn n were his devoted fi lends, and his love for children ,war unbounded. When some one asked a friend of Samuel J. Tliden why the wealthy stitesman had never married, the prompt reply was he could never make up his mind. Though an ardent ad miier of women and a stanch believer In the capacities of the feminine mine, he wavered, halted, considered and hes itated over every temptation to enter the holy bonds, and then retired each time, uncertain as to the wldom of the step. Walt Whitman clung to his bachelor hood as he did to bis strange opinions, his curious dress and eccentric haMte. as a matter of principle, and not at all from any indifference to women. His mother was his admiration and Idol He .worked hard to support her In coin fort, her tears sent him first Into the army hospital to nurse a wounded brother, and her death was a prostrat ing blow from which he never recov ered. Ther Is a pretty and not wholly Im probable story In John Greenleaf Whit tier's lift of a schoolboy tenderness for Ask COTTOLEN E if it produces more digestible food than lard. Ask it if it is more healthfuf to use than the fat obtained from an animal notorious for its unclean nabits. Ask if it's the most economical shortening. You' will get a sat isfactory answerthrough better cooking, increased health, and decreased provision bills YES ! .There is not a community in America where COTTO LEN E is not Used, esteemed arid praised. : ;: ixzt Genuine COTTOLENE is sold everywhere with trade-marks -"Cottolene" and steeds head in cotton-flant wreath on every tin. ;. The iV. K. Fairbank Company, UMWSm a little fellow scholar. The small girl promised to wait while he made his for tune, but waiting la a iweary work, school-girl promises are lightly broken and while yet a boy, the responsibilities of a fatherless family fell on the young poet Henry James, the novelist, maintains that single blessedness Is the only blessedness for the artist or the genius, for the carping details of domestic life exhaust finely turned nerves and warm, delicate mental fiber a theory he prac tices by living In the most exquisite bachelor chamber In London, enter taining and being entertained, and, in spite of the witty, beautiful women about him, maintaining his single state. THE CAUSE OF LOW PRICES. From the TImes-H.rala. It Is an Interesting circumstance that at a time when the silverltes are attempting to ooiwlne. th. farmers of this country that the low prices of grain have been caused by the gold standard the people of England are celebrating the jubiles or fiftieth anniversary of the repeal of the corn laws. That repeal took the tariff off grain and gave the peopl. of England cheaper food, though for a time it was prejudicial to th. farming class. But the tatcsm.B of England saw that It wae bet tor that the peopl. should be fed than that on. olaae of producers should reclv. ex orbitant prices for their grain. It was (he repeal of th. corn laws that lowered the prtc. of English wheat, for th. English farmer could not compete with the pro duct of th. new and cheap wheat lands of th. United States. He was, therefor., obliged to abandon to a treat extent th. cultivation of wheat and us. his lands for graslng, eattl and sheep raising, and ia other ways that would pay better. From 1U6 to 1SS0 th. English farmers f.lt and suffered from the competition of th. farmers of New England and of the middle states. From MM until 1M( th. farmers of th. N.w England and middle states in ilk. manner suffered from th. competition of th. farmers of Ohio, In diana, Michigan, Illinois. Wisconsin, Iowa, aad Mlnesota, who could rals. still cheaper wheat. They In turn are suffer ing from the competition of th. rich north went, where on. man with th. aid of ma. chine ry can do th. work of ten under th. old system. And not only do they have the competition of our own lands, but also the competition of Argentina, India, Australia, Russia and Siberia, where wheat lands to an enormous extent have been opened to cultivation. Tak. Argentina for Instance. In ISM th. entire product of wheat waa only 11.S.V),. 000 bushels.. Last year It was over 80,000, 000, of which 60,000, 000 was exported. Now It Is th. exportable surplus of grain that fixe, the price, and that is settled In Liv erpool, and the American former can only obtain the Liverpool price for his wheat, lets tb. coat of transportation thither. In that matket he comes In competition with all the world, and hemust be satisfied with th. price there or he must quit rais ing wheat. Cheap landa. machinery, and Improvement In transportation facilities have lessened the cost of wheat growing the world over, and It consequently must be sold for low - price. The American farmers must do as their English breth ren commenced to do fifty years ago di versify their industries. Let them not think that tho money standard is the cause of tho low prices. It is not, nor will any change la it do them any good. OXE ON THE BISIXOP. An old circus man has been telling the Syracuse Courier some stories of 1. T. liarnum. When th great snowman ex hibited in London h. eent tickets of a 1 nilsslon to all the clerry and to the bishop of London and his family. His reputation as a philanthropist had gone before him, and it became necessary to establish a regular picket guard around him to pro tect him from annoyances In his hotel. The applicants for charitable donations would frequently get through the line and annly for donations ranging from 1100 to l t'.O.OuO. After the bishop of London and l his family had seen the show the bishop ' called upon Bnrnum and chatted with him i some time. Barnum Impressed him, as he did everybody, as being a big-hesrted, amiable and brainy man, The bishop, on leaving, took his hand and said: "Mr. Bnrnum. you are not such a bad man after all. I hope to meet you in heaven, i sir." "Well, you will, if you axe there," replied Barnum: The answer was too much even for the bishop, and those who heard It shouted with laughter. HOW IT OHKS. Customs receipts were :,i;i3.32j le.is during the first twenty-two months of tho Wilson tariff, and internal revenue receipts- were tas.720,144 leas than during tti first twenty-two months of the McKinley tariff period. Kindly Aasist'ng Him. "Have you "Th Manxman? " Inquired the dignified customer with tiie gold-headed cane. , "The what 7" said the new boy at the bookstore. " The Manxmen. " "I guts, you mean marksman, don't youT We've got a 'Life of Buffalo Bill' I can sell you for JO cents. How's that 7" Chicago Trlbuoe .' THE OLD FABLES OF ALCHEMISTS Pretty Fables They Were and Entranc ing to All Men. THE MAQICAL PHILOSOPHER'S STONE Wot Long and Weary Tears It Was ought for, but Never Fonnd.-Birth of the Theory That Gold Could Be Produced ArtinclallyBelief in the Traasmatatioa of One Metal lato Another Foaad Its Origin ia the Mix lag of Copper aad Zinc. From the Popular Science News. The theory that gold could be pro duced artificially from other metals iwas first recorded In the fifth century after Christ: beginning at that time the problem of finding the Philosopher's Stone that is, a substance by which base metals could be turned into gold began to excite public interest. Most alchemists trace the origin of their art back to Egypt, and recognise as tne first to practice It a certain Hermes Trismeglstus. Though many of his supposed writ ings are still In existence, nothing defi nite Is known about his life. Alchemy was largely developed and practiced from about A. D. 400 to the year 642. From the Egyptians It passed over to the conquering Arabs. It was not long fee fore they began to acquaint themselves with the sciences, by contact with the conquered people, producing celebrated scholars In mathematics, natural sci ences, and, above all, In medicine. Quite a number of Arabians turned their attention to chemistry, and here It received the new name Al-chemy: they added to the formerly employed word "chemle" their article "al." m the Arabian school at Seville the cele brated Arabian philosopher and al chemist, G.eblr, made a great reputa tion, and at this time It is particularly Interesting to trace the progress of al chemy from the Arabs In Spain to tne remaining countries of Europe, es pecially France, Germany and England. The high schools of the Arabians in Cordova, Seville and Toledo were fre quented by men from all lands desir ous of acquiring knowledge, and chief ly nfter the pattern of these Institu tions were the universities of France, Italy,' and later those of Germany, shaped. As early as the thirteenth century alchemy was spread. over the entire northwest of Europe and was practiced by Albertus Magnus In Ger many, Roger Bacon In England, and others. Albertus Magnus (von 6ollt.idt), the most eminent scholastlclst of his time, was then equally prominent as philos opher and alchemist. Although the pope assumed at first an opposing, atti tude toward alchemy, there were, nev ertheless, numerous ecclesiastics who were the first to master the art, and mainly in the monasteries did It find a home. But the thought to rroducs the Philosopher's Stone, and by means of It to procure infinite riches, was too alluring for it to remain hidden in tho narrow sphere of cloister life. With the beginning of the seven teenth century, after the failure of sev eral experiments had become known, societies sprung Into exstence whoso purpose It was to discover the produc tion of the Philoso. her's Stme. The most celebrated of these was the "Itoa Icrucians." Another was the "Nurn berg Alchemical Society," which was founded in 1651 and Is noteworthy on account of its having had for its sec retary the eminent philosopher and statesman, Leibnitz. Even lotig after the science of chem istry had branched out Into the medical direction the search for the Phlloso pher's ftone was continued, and ex tended Into the Phlogistic epoch, yes, even Into the age of modern chemistry, ns It is well known that Goethe prac ticed alchemy with great zeal In. his youth. Even a book printed as late an 1832, relating to the history of alchemy, is cor eluded with the following words: "There exists a chemical preparation by means of which other met lis may bo changed into gold." Consequently "a Philosopher's Stone." Rut the star of alchemy was no longer at Its height. With the triumphs of a Copernicus, a Keppler and a Galileo In the sphere of astronomy, and a Newton In that of mathematical physics, a doc trine like that of the ' Philosopher's Stone could not -stand, -so It gradually sank Into oblivion and was forgotten, except In history. Only after the time of Oeblr accurate descriptions of this mystical stone came , to the surface. At the beginning It was pretended to conalat generally, of a fireproof powder of various colors, and only later It assumed the shape of a precious stone. Especially Ralmund Lulll repeatedly speaks) of It as ."Car bunculous," and according to- Para celsus it consists of a ruby-red, trans parent crystal "which, la as flexible aa rosin and brittle as glass." Somewhere later It waa principally . employed in the form of a powder, and waa frequent ly called "trlxture," also "elixir" or "magisterlum." It must also be re marked that many alchemists made a distinction between two stones differing; In their exterior appearance, one for the production of gold and tha other for silver. The belief In the transmutation of one metal Into another no doubt result ed from the fact that It was noticed It molten copper Is mixed with sine tt attains a beautiful yellow color, and In former years, nvhen people were not particular about noticing small differ ences, the obtained brass may have been mistaken for a kind of gold. Perhaps also the circumstances that many metals themselves contain gold, or that they used for their fusloa ex periments sand containing gold, with out knowledge, gave rise to these il lusions. Without noticing these source of error It could not be explained how notoriously excellent and honest al chemists ofttlmes believed that they had the Philosopher's Stone In their possession. A remarkable proof that the exist ence of the Philosopher's Stone and the transmutation of metals was act ually believed Is exemplified by a ver dict rendered In the year 1680 by the Judicial faculty of Leipzig against the alchemist of the Elector August of Sax ony, David Deuther. The latter had promised- under oath to communicate in the presence of witnesses the-secret of how to apply the Philosopher's Stone In order to make gold, but had not kept his word. The verdict rendered read: "Beuther shall be questioned about his processes under torture, shall for his Infidelity be hit with the rod, his two fingers be cut off for perjury, and shall be held in captivity so that he may not harm the country by commun icating his secrets to other sovereigns," This verdict was r ad to Beuther In prison, and in adttinn to it the Elector (Wrote to him with his own hand: "Beuther, return to me what' belongs to me by the grace of God and justioe; otherwise' I have to undertake 'some thing against you of which I would rather be relieved, and I beg of you, let It not come to that." Thereupon Beuther wrote the following words on the walls of the cell: ''Barred cats do not mouse." Tet he was finally per suaded to ask the Elector for mercy, whereupon he iwas again permitted to return to his laboratory (gold-house) In order to continue his experiments. Af ter some time he was found lying sense less on the pround and died soon after, as is believed, by suicide. Cases were frequent that adepts were kept in captivity for fear that they mifht injure their own country hy be traying the art of making gold to out ers; they were tortured and tormented In order to extort this valuable secret from them, and it waa at thut time rath er hazardous to be considered an expert chemist. Another verdict of tho above-named Judicial faculty was rendered In tho dispute of the Count of Ertach against his wlfo. The latter had given protec tion in her castle of Tankenstcin, In trie Odcrwoods, to a fugitive adept, and no I showed hlf gratitude by changing all i the silverware of the countess Into gold. Her huband, who lived apart from her, thereupon laid claim to one-half of tne gold, hut wns repulsed by the Jurists of Ltipzlsr with the verdict: "As the silverware before the trufnsmutation was he property of the countess, it re mains her property after It haj been turned Into goH." YOUNGEST KVKH NAMED. . From the Washington Post. William Jcnnlnes Bryan, Democratic: nomlneo for president, is 96 years old. He is the youngert man ever nominated to the presidential ofltc'e by one of the great parties, and if successful will be the youngest man ever elected. Tho favorite decade In life from which to choose a president has been tho sixth. Thus when they were nominated or elected by the popular vol?e before con vention days, their ages ran In this wise: Washington. 60; Jefferson, 67; Madison, 57; Monroe, b-S; John Quln-cy Adams, 7; Vdn nureii, M; Lincoln, 51, Hayes, 64, und Ben jamin Harrison, 63. The presidents above sixty at th tlr)o oi meir election were: Jonn Adams, 91; Jackson, ' ; William Henry Harrison, J; Ki Taylor, G; and Buchanan, 63. Those be low fifty were: Folk, 48; Pierce, 48; Grant, 44; Garfield, 40, and Cleveland, 47. Mr. Cleveland was CS at tils second election. The vie. president who became presi dents war. at their elections of the fol lowing ages: Tyler, Hi Fillmore, l( Johnson, tt, and Arthur, M. Mr. Bryan Is ten yean yonnver thaa General Grant when he waa nominated, twenty-five years younger than Jdba Ad ams and Jackson, and thirty-one years younger than th. elder Harrison, who waa the oldest man ever yet nominated for president, though he holds the are over Jaane Buehanaa by two years only. Tha -onetitirtioa requires the president to bo thirty-five, so that Mr. Bryan juet sklse over tha boundary Una PISPBOTEP MY HOURS!. From th Poet-Express. One of the stock arguments of tha free Xlv.rlte is that tb aliased demonetisa tion of silver ia U7I rouol the vaiua of farm products. Th. Chicago News al manao, for UM, Uvea the statistic of tha lowest aad highest prioes for wheat, la th Chlaage market for th. years ura-Tf inotualv, Prloee were U1.M tn U7 MKaSLMM la U74 HM1,M tn 1I7 aad L0iMai.7(Vi ia 1171. Tb. lowest aad high est price for eora are quoted at tTaMHs. In 1171; 4aNo. In 1174; 4eMa7tte. la 1171; and MHaiie. la 1171 Tb. lowest aad high, est prices for oats wer. IHaao. la U7I; r?(471o. ia 174: JeViastVfco. in 1176; aad 17 16c. la 1871. The lowest and highest prioes for lard wer. M.Ua9.J7 la U71; UMalLM in 1874; tll.IOaU.76 in 1176; and t.66aU.U In U7(. The highest and lowest prloe tor mess pork war lllali In 1871; tll.76aJ4 71 In 1C74; I17.70a23.60 in 1171; aad fl6.Matt.7f In 117. The figures, If they prove any thing la retard to th. oumncy, prove that the free silverltes are exactly wroag in th.ir assumptions, the pries of these leading farm products having bees rata oh higher during each of th rhr years after 1871, than during that year of th se-ealld orlm. MONEt AfTP "HARD TIMES'. Th silver folks say the ' gold lta6 and has locked fast th prosperity of aa lad as trial people tt the paraiysi of hard Usioa"f)taUeue sir tt Us direst to tsua statement. Between WO aad Use th value of farm. log property la the United tttatas la 0Ted from 18 J0U, 000,000 reckoned oa the basaa of a deprectatad paper currency, to U.aw,on,A)0, masoned oa tha basis of tha gold standard, , la the avo interval the oapttal Invested In niaoafacturee UMraased from CTOO,. 0,ko t ttawtt, aad the value of Soa annual product oi taec laduKftas fma $1. 400,000, W0 to over ttOOamoM. The number of niptoya la mannfao tnrea meanwhile Increased from 2,00, 0DO la 4XW.00O. What Is there In these flg ureo to warrant the lugubrious mendso Ity of th Ctoloago platform 7 This nation Is at present In the slough of "bard times," but It Is ohiefly because the some party which Is trying to humtoug the people with the cry of "free silver" succeeded four years ago la deluding them with the cry of free trad. Th. prosperity of this country will be "un locked" with the restoration of Republl oaatam to oomptote power. Mew Tarsi Ooatimcrcial-Advertlser, III Hoar of Borrow. "Vow ssm 4, ftaruii," 1 li WU VM paiM yuise of Nsdyk. Vvii'awa Mat tMdturiKi the eUilneae of the Utlbe r06r rtfi ike trM frwa poiia HMiq.wtt9f( m'iWf Morai ia shtooseaa. 94 Wail tryltttf f)t a feaf4)ea pollea MW ittut faaahia steawe fee a atoaaing "' M rt3 )nn9 faply ef Heratkit aiwdy taoeaia, a auaier wfca ii(Mf, A wy f W "Wo, fn eda'tj f wil toil you, It pl&y tv tat f&u remamt tha adrlo yon fta-,4 t wwitF, tp brae up a Utile fiad u (, inta afvv-.iyf "j, i, I ftn.ixir it vary wli, aad I was glad 14 hear ifcut yo had feea doio it' "Tea, t hav. bea doing it," UovaUa aadly resumed, "And I tutve made tha acquaintance of sixry-eeven lovely girts." "Well, that's nice." "Mighty nice but wait. Do you re. member my little hall room with the folding -bed, and do you recall the fact that I have to move my trunk out Into the hallway in order to let the bed downT" Non'yke nodded and smiled. "Well," continued Horatio bitterly a ho buried his head in his hands, "I have been calling that room my 'apjirtments.' and tonight ail thoso ghls are coming to give me a surprise party." And Nonlyke caught his breath aad clung to it with both hinds, so that it might not get loose a:id break the aacrad silence. Walter Juan Davis In Judge. Two Savings from Cork. From the Spectator. A Ccrk Town councillor la credited with hav'ng thus spoken: "There can to no doubt of the vlrulcr.ee of this epidemic, for I kr.ow of pecple lying dead from It who never died before." The imo gntleman thus chivalrously del en toil a colleav'ue: "I strongly protest aainst this attack on my absent friend. to- surely it is not right to bang a : twhiiid his back."
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers