Vress. MONDAY, AUGUST 3, 1863 The Impending Battle. Perhaps at no time since the commence ment of the war have the rebel leaders and rebel newspapers felt more concerned for the safety of the only two great strongholds which remain to the Confederacy in the East—Charleston and Richmond. The so licitude ts not without cause, and it is en. banced the ill success which-'-has lately attended the operations . of the rebel armies elsewhere throughout:the South.- Since the 4th of July they have sustained nine serious reverses, and have lost an aggregate of one hundred thousand men. The sweeping con scription which the rebel Government has just put in force will not -be able to repair. this loss, and is evidently the last resort of desperation. The proclamation of JEFFER SON DAVIS, Rpliointing the 21st of thepre sent month a day of humiliation, is there fore issued in all sincerity. It is not the mock . humility of triah Heep, but the genuine virtue, and never was it more appropriately expressed than in the pronunciamiento de treeing sack-cloth and ashes upon the so called eoutheni Confederacy. The situation of the enemy was never before so desperate; and the asses lion of the Wilmington (N. C.) Journal that " It:was neitlier weakness, de feat, disaster, rior demoralization on the part of LEE' s army that led to its withdrawal from the enemy's country," is disproved in the same paragraph by this , admission, which is significant, "LEE had to fall back behind the Potomac, and may have to fall back to the line of the Rappahannock., in order that other menaced and most vital points may be - succored." What better evidence of "weak ness" could, we have than the . confession that by the absence of LEE, vital points were left undefended ? Certainly, the vital points are those, which are to be first attended to. The fear that LEE may have to fall back behind the Paippaliannock pretty clearly in- • dicates that Richmond cannot be held by any material garrison. However, it is plain that General LEE has not fallen back behind the Rappahannock, and he will not easily be induced to abandon such an advantageens line of defence. We have a despatch from Washington,. bidding us prepare for important news. The silence and secrecy which have invested military movements in Virginia since the recrossing of the Potomac by LEE, at length begin to give place to the significant .rumors that generally precede •-a heavy battle. LEE'S army, it would appear, is concentrated at Culpeper, the, point at which it rendczvoused preparatory-to starting upon its march of in vasion. The Rappahannock, aCcording to our despatch, is guarded only by a single rebel regiment frotn. Fredericksburg to . Ely's Ford. Geneal - MEADE, however, will not - -advance upon Fredericksburg at present ; in fact, lie cannot do so while LEE remains at Culpeper, unless he has an army sufficiently large not only to hold the latter in check, but to posseas the Fredericks burg heights beside. It may be doubted whether his army is thus large ; the cau tiousness with-- which it moves would, in deed, seem to disprOVe the suggestion, and even if it were, General MEADE is tooTru dent a commander to undertake too much at once. Ifhe defeats LEE Fredericksburg, will fall into his hands without further trouble, whereas, should LEE gain any de cided advantage, - and our forces were sepa rated, with the Rappahannock flowing be tween, the result might be of a most serious character. A battle, therefore, may soon be antici pated in the vicinity of Culpeper. It eau not be postponed many clays, if it is to occur at a]l in that vicinity. Both armies'are con centrated ; 'favorable positions have been chosen by each, and each antagonist is bM cing himself for a fearful conflict. The fate . of Richmond may now be said to tremble in' the balance. The fortunes of the rebellion, indeed, were never in a more critical and desperate condition. The - army under LEE IS now the forlorn hope of the - South; and unless it has been reinforced by BRAGG, which is possible, but not probable, it can not now number more than fifty thousand men. Nevertheless, this is ho insignifi cant force, and skilfully handled, it is equivalent to a much larger army. Be sides, we must expect that it will fight desperately now—more desperately than it has ever done before. Hitherto, the salva tion of Richmond has been its incentive and idaspiration. Now, its own salvation and the salvation of the Confederacy are questions for its consideration. If it is defeated now, and there seems to be a very encouraging prospect of such an event, where shall the scattered remnants of its once proud legions hope to find refuge? They cannot escape southward, for by the time the decisive battle conies off in Virginia, Charleston will most likely be in our poSsession, and com munication with the South and West will thus be destroyed. They cannot hope to escape throug . h Staunton and East Tennes see, for with Cumberland Gap in our pos- session, this avenue ,of escape is closed. They can do nothing, therefore, but, separate into guerilla parties, and when that shall be the case; we may regard the war as brought to a close, so far at least as the State of Vir ginia is concerned. Our. Progress, East and West. With the glorious termination of General GRANT'S brilliant campaign in the South.- west, the public interest in "the situation" in this section of the Union has by no means died away. While nearly all of us believe that Genertil GRANT has fought his heaviest battles, that the rebellion is virtually crushed in the theatre which has been assigned to his army, and that the operations hereafter to take place must seem to be of minor sig nificance, compared with those which have already resulted' o grandly, the movements of the hero- of Vicksburg and Donelson are nevertheless.. still ,Invested with pe culiar interest,: scarcely to be surpassed by that which attends the operations of our armies in Virginia. The fall of Vicks burg has— undoubtedly ' done more to hasten tha_ dissolution of -"-the so-called Southern Confederacy" than the capture of Richmond , could have done iond it may be safely assumed that in the Scalthwest, where: we have never met with any serious reverse; and where we have achieved many of the most valuable and glorious victories of the war, the rebellion has .received its -fatal wound. It sprang to - life in the East, but in the West it has met its deathblow. -It may seem strange that 'this should be so ; it may seem strange that Richmond and Charles ton, the head and heart of the rebellion, So to speak, should so long enjoy immunity from the avenging sword of justice ; it may seem strange, and to foreign critics has, in deed, appeared unaccountable, that we can prosecute war successfally:everkwhere, ex cept upon the threshold. of , our own homes, and undeftha'Shadow of our , national capi tal. Such, however,-has been the case from the very commencement of hoitilities, and probably will,he the case until the end. To those whb have reflected upon the sub. ject, the reason Will be readily apparenW All the most important water-courses within the territory of the United States now being contested by opposing armies traverse our western and southwestern territory. The territory of the rebellious States, which would be almost impenetrable to an inva ding army, were it entire, is here - dissected, by various rivers into so many parts as to be extremely adapted for defensive purposes. But for the assistance it has derived from the navy, the army might have been twenty years in reaching the Gulf of Mexico. With the aid of the squadrons of. POnmss, and FOOTE, and FAREAGITT, and ELLE; and DAVIS, hoivever, the army has been enabled to penetrate to the innermost corners of the rebellion, and to demonstrate that it is " a mere shell, with nothing in, it." It has been enabled to march from victory to victory . With a rapidity that astonished our, expectations, and set at nought all the labored preparations of the enemy for yesistarice t .The, Mississippi is, naturally,7the the- weak' o.t , the rebellion, because it is naturally the great bond of Union between the North and South. With the commencement of hoStilities, the r6volt-. rn states made every exertion to hold it, and Island No. 10 became a famous strong hold ; but; like all the other strongholds which the enemy have built up laborious ,ly and fortified by months of toil, with all the appliances, which art and nature could furnish to increase - its ap proximate impregnability,' it fell as Vicks burg has fallen. The mightiest river in the world thereupon became the great natural line of operations for our advancing forces ; it was •the grand highway to success, to peace; to reunion. Indeed, it might almost be said that " the father of waters" was our basis of operations in the West. It was thence that our armies drew their supplies of food and ammunition to a great extent ; • it was thence that they were reinforced ; and if, at any time, the Minotaur rebellion be came too powerful for either of them, and they found themselves too closely beset for safety, , the Mississippi was the charmed string of Ariadne that rescued them from their labYrinth of dangers. In fact, with out the Mississippi and its tributaries-the record of the war in the Southwest would have beeri anything else than the brilliant. summary of continual successes it has-been, and too many of our battles might have been but repetitions of Pittsburg Landing— costing hosts of precious lives and gaining only the shadow, not- the substance, of vic tory. It is because the natural features of our Western territory best adapt it for ad— vantageous offensive war, that we have always believed the Army of the West will have the • proud honor of virtually, if not actually, bringingthe war to a successful close. In Virginia we seem to have made little progress; and in so mountainous a country, watered by no extensive streams sufficient to admit the passage of gunboats; an invading army_has immense obstacles to overcome. It can never fight - a battle ex cept at a disadvantage, and it must be com manded by a skilful general indeed, if it can force its antagonist to give battle at all. With every mile that it advances from its -base, - the difficulties it must encounter, the dangers to which it must be exposed, in crease tenfold. It must take its supplies with it, and to guard the wagon trains alone, requires what would have been considered - in the Mexican war quite a respectable sized. army. Raids mint be continually guarded against, and inthe woods and moun tainous districts (which, with the exception of the swamps, constitute the whole State of Virginia,) constant reconnoissances are requiSite to .prevent surprises and the con struction of Masked batteries. Furthermore, the choice of routes for an invading army is very limited. It cannot move as it would. like to move, but as the map says it shall move ; and, after the map has been con sulted, the opinions of the opposing army upon- the subject- remain to be ascertained. JEFFERSON Davis was probably sincere, therefore, when he declared that he could carry on the war in - Virginia alone for twenty years ; and certainly, if his propensities, are belligerent, he can have no better fighting ground. However, while we concede that the difficulties which the Army of the Po tomac has had to contend with, and must hereafter contend with, are great and em barrassing, we are far from believing that they are insuperable, or that they are such as will enable the rebel President to pro leng ,the struggle in the manner he antici pates. - -Even after his army is- captured, broken up, or destroyed, there will undoubt edly be numerous guerilla gangs infesting the State, and for a'time their operations may meet with success, 'Mit these operations can have no influence whatever in deter mining the length to which the war shall proceed, or the terms upon which a- peace inav be concluded. Adjutant General Thomas on the Employ went of Colored Troops. On Saturday last the new building erected for the use of the Daily Morning Chronicle, (Washington, D. C,) was formally opened. President LINCOLN, Secretaries SEWAIW and WELLES, Generals HEINTZLEMAN and MARTINDALE, besides many other distin guished civilians -.and military men, were present on _the occasion. The building is in all respects admirably adapted to the pur poses for which it was erected, and promises to be a new era in the history - of the newspa per press in Washington city; a city which, - under the changes brought about by the war, is rapidly exhibiting the spirit and en terprise of the Northern people. The principal feature on the occasion, in addition to a speech from Col. FORNEY, was a speech from Adjutant General THOMAS, in which, in reply to a toast, he related his ex perience on the subject of the employment of colored, troops. It is known to our readers that some two or three months ago General TrromAs was sent West by the Ad ministration, clothed with plenary powers, foi the purpose of inaugurating the employ ment of negroes. Notwithstanding he is a Southern man and a slaveholder, he was entrusted with this most important and deli cate duty—important because of its vast interest to the country, and delicate on ac= - ..,ount of the bitter opposition to it, particu larly on the part of sympathizers with the rebellion—thus showing the confidence of President LINCOLN in the ability and loyalty of the man whom he had chosen for the work.' General Tn - om..as, at considerable length, spoke of his mission West, of the powers vest ed in him by the Administration, of the preju dices he had to combat, of the discourage ments at - first thrown in his way, even by some of the most loyal men in the army ; but he was happy to say that he had been most success ful, and that before hereturned home, which be was obliged to do on account of a severe spell of sickness, he had fully organized twenty thousand contrabands. One leading general in the West, whom he did not name, was at first opposed to the policy ; but be fore General THOMAS left, he heartily en dorsed it, and scarcely a man in the army can now be found who does not believe that an important part is yet to be taken by the contrabands in the work of suppressing the rebellion. At one" place, it was given as the opinion of the general in command, that one regiment might possibly be raised. Before he left that place, three full regiments were organized. On one point the testimony of General TnomAs was emphatic, and that was the fighting qualities of the negro. He had witnessed them at Milliken's Bend and other places, where they had exhibited a degree of determination, bravery, and heroism, which he ventured to say had not been surpassed anywhere in the histdry of the war. General Trlmus, in concluding, said-he intended to start to the West to-day, to finish •the work he had commenced on his first 'Visit, and he had strong hope that before the close of the yeat he would have fully organized, equipped, and drilled, one hundred thousand contrabands, who, with the conscience of the fight in them, would render valuable service in the final overthrow of„one of theinost causeless and wicked rebellions known in the history of the world. Mr. Dougherty's. Address. However men may differ n. regard to the, argument of the addressb4 . Mr. DANIEL Do tronBRTY, there can be but one intelligent opinion of 'its earnestness, sincerity, and poWer., Simply as a literary work, the ad dress•deserves not passing praise, but the higher compliment of severe and search ing criticism. Such a compliment it could well sustain, for we have rarely . read so beautiful an expression of bold and' startling ' thought. MT. DOUGHERTY'S loy alty to the Government is unquestiona ble, and those who would truly under stand the meaning of his earnest words must give them the noblest, most pa triotic interpretation. For all the evils whfch have come upon the nation he accuses the American people. He speaksPf them as ingrates, and paints in darker colors than we believe are right the condi-, tion of the country; yet he appeals to the people to remedy the evils for which he de clares them resPonsible, and this very ap peal implies faith in their -real virtue and in telligence. Men may differ with much of this address, but all mnst understand its high and upright purpose. It should be thoughtfully read as the honest opinion of a citizen who has spoken all his: mind,.and must, there= fore, obtain respect even from:`those who 'entirely diglgree with its conclusions. A Bankrupt Rebellion. Mr. JEFFERSON DAVIS is not only .per-. plexed• by a very uncertain future, bUt%ein barrassed by a too positive_ past. 1t never be forgotten that the Mississippi 'Re pudiator and the leader 'of the rebellion are one. On European memories it is immortal, for in England the victims of that great swindle are many. Recently the odious fact was revived, and excited so much comment; that Mr. SLTDELI, knowing how injurious its circulation would be to the reputation of the Confederacy, wrote a letter to . the London Times denying that JEFFERSON DAVIS was the repudiator, and endeavor .. ing to place upon Mr. REUBEN DAVIS the responsibility of the shameful act. Mr. SLIDELL'S 'letter has resulted unfortinntely for his client. A pamphlet by the Han. ROBERT J. WALIIEn, published in London, reviews the entire matter, and, beyond question, provei that Mr. JEFFERSON Davis has been a repudiator, that he "was promi nently concerned . in the disgraceful action of the Legislature of Mississippi in 1842, and that he subsequently attempted to jus tify that action before -the world. This he did in a letter to the Washington. -Union, in 4849. Commenting on that notorious docu ment; the Times, in July of the same'-year, thus branded JEFFERSON DAVIS in terms of just contempt and indignation : "Let it circulate throughout Europe that a member of the United States Senate in 1849 has openly pro. claimed that at a recent period the Governor and Legislative Assemblies of his own State deliberately, issued fraudulent bonds -for five millions of dollars to 'sustain the credit of a rickety bank;' that the bonds in question, having been hypothecated abroad to innocent holders, such holders have not only no claim against the community by whose executive and representatives this act was ' committed, but that they are to he taunted for appealing to the verdict of the civilized world; rather than to the judgment of the legal officers of the State by whose functionaries they have been already robbed;. and that the ruin of toilworn men, of women, of widows, and of children, and the crocodile tears' which that ruin has occasioned, is a subject of jest on the part of those by whom it has been accomplished, and then let it be asked if any-foreigner ever penned a libel on the American character equal to that against the people of Mississippi by their own senator. With this record in its own columns, the Amps could not give. Mr. SmoELL's state ment the slightest credit, and we have not seen an English paper which, however friendly to the rebellion, dares to deny the truth of Mr. WArikun's history of the affair, or to apologize_for the shameful part taken in it by the present head of the rebellion. " Is President JEFF DAvis an honest man ?" inquires the'LiverpOol Post, and, after care fully examining the proofs, of his dishonesty, seems to think it scarcely worth while to make formal answer. But it very shrewd ly remarks that " the history of the transac tion bears a further reference to be appre ciated with care at this moment" It is a re ference which the European holders of Con federate bonds cannot easily overlook. The man who aided in the deliberate issue of fraudulent bonds for five millions of dol lars In 1838, and urged their repudiation in 1842, now calls himself the President of an unrecognized confederacy which has issued bonds to an amount to which five millions of dollars is the merest trifle. When the -rebellion is subdued these bonds are worse than worthless ; but, even supposing it could• succeed, what value could they have ? " The Mississippi case proves that the richest State in the cotton-growing_dis, tricts has. been unable to pay its debts ;" how, then, could the wretched South, ex hausted by a mighty war, meet the tremen 'dons liabilities it has assumed ? "You must pay your debts," said RECHELIEII to DE MATIPRAT. " With all my heart, my lord," he replied ; " where, then, shall I borrow the money ?" This bon mot might issue despair ingly from the lips of the`great Repudiator, even could his wildest dreams of victory prove true. The Post takes the most favor able view of the case for the creditors of the rebeflion, and says : " How the South, when independent, is to pay the debts in curred in this war, offers for consideration a question which, we suspect, Mr. GLADSTONE would be hardly able to solve. Repudiation, of course, will set the people up again; but; in the present instance, private debts and pub lic debts keep .a tolerably parallel course." This is a fine prospect for the English capi talists. The rebellion in which they have invested so many millions of dollars is rapid ly approdching its ruin, and, could it be successful, would even then be ruin to all but the political bankrupts who created it. Credit to Pennsylvania. The intelligent portion-of the New York, press is now as prompt to, praise the people of Philadelphia for the manly and patriotic manner in which they have submitted to the operation of the, conscription, as it was be-, fore ready to 'condemn what was regarded at the time as a tardy and qualified willing ness of our people to rise for the defence of their State. If, as has been said, New York in the latter case taught Philadelphia a lesson, certainly Philadelphia; in the former,case, has returned the compliment with compound interest. The New. York Post makes this frank admission : "If, as we believe, a regard for law and order is a `metropolitan' virtue, we of New York have to own that in this Philadelphia has on the present occasion shown itself our superior, and has set us an example which,: if we have a in:oper regard for the good name and, the interests of our city, we must endeavor to imitate." We accept this credit as our due, and submit, that if it is intended to mean anything more than a formal compliment, it must be taken in re buttal of the aspersions which so many of the journals of the " metropolis" have de lighted to fling against our fame as a loyal and 'zealous-community. It will not be generally believed that a city which has submitted with such perfect good order to the draft, and which has thus evinced so nobly a proper appreciation of its duties to the National Government, could ever have been recreant in its duty to itself. What the instinct, of loyalty has successfully counselled our people to do, certainly they, could not have refused to do, when the in stincts of loyalty and self-preservation, to say nothing of honor combined to plead with them. ' But granting, for argument's sake, what we should not otherwise grant, that we were tardy in rising to repel the late inva sion of our Commonwealth,- other reasons than lack of patriotism may be found to ac count for the anomaly. In a military sense, so far as any organizatibn was concerned, we were wholly, unprepared for the danger. - What State, under such circumstances, could have made air - impromptu defence without aid from her sister States? New York and New Jersey chanced to be better prepared—their regiments whose terms had expired, had just returned from the Army of the Potomie, or were then en route. This being the case, their promptitude was more grateful than marvellous. And after all that has lieen said, upon the subject, the fact stands undisputed, that the city of Phila delphia furnished more men to repel the in vasion of the rebel army than the rest of the entire North combined ! One other fact should be remembered in this connection— that in the efforts made by New York to forward troops to the defence of the Penzz sylvania bOrder, her loyalty may possibly have been quickened by solicitude for her own safety. We do not think we are un reasonable when we contend that there is no State in. the Union more loyal to the Na tional Government than •Pennsylvania, nor any State more hospitable to the soldiers of the Union, nor any State more prodigal of her strength and means, nor any State whose soldiery have been more dis tinguished for their splendid fighting quali ties in this war. Certainly, it cannot be complained that hitherto the war has lacked the earnest, entire, and even generous sup-; port of our people. We shall not give the in - stances *here Pennsylvania was her own severest critic, nor where her chief praise came from other States. It is sufficient to say that throughout the war she has been true, liberal, and devoted, and her own his tory will Prove her noblest vindication. Bt the Washington Adininistration, which has so= often picked the 'pockets' of >the nation's best friends does not neglect this opportunity," eta., etc. , . We will not debase argument by a applying it to this bold falsehood, quoted from the Woad of Saturday, nor' shall we waste our indignation. We only asli, calmly and ear nestly, is it not sad that - an American news paper should thus degrade itself? It is not merely in just anger that we read abuse so vulgar in thought and exPression, but with sincere pity. THE PR ESS.-PHILADELPHIA, MONDAY, AUGUST 3, 1863. The President's Order ot-Itetaliation. The President's emphatic order makes fu 7 tile the barbarous threats of the enemy.: , 'The rebel leaders will not daileto te,Mg - Federal officers of colored regiments whom they may Capture, now that they are officially inforined - that for every man :thus murdered a rebel officer will be executed. They will not dare to sell into slavery colored soldiers, now that they know their own men in our possession will suffer s.hnilar punish ment: The United States cannot sell its prisoners of war, being a civilized power, but it, can righteously use them as in struments_ to force upon the enemy the practical respect for humanity, which for mally he has scorned: The President has' taken a firm position in defence of humanity; he has, sustained the law of nations against the outrage and brutality of the rebellion. This simple announcement of counter re taliation is at once an argument and a de cree; the one cannot be refuted, the other it is impossible to revoke. Not a word more is needed to • make plain to the world the basis of perfect right upon whiCh the . go vernment stands. What - matchless effron tery,: indeed,. 'in the enemy, when he at ,tempted to dictate to us the complexion of our troops, when he sought by threat of 'massacre to frighten us-unto the admission of a code of war hitherto un heard of in Christendom ! Not alone in defence of our colored citizens in the .mili tary service of the country, but in the com mon interest of all Christian States, is this order 'made. The cold-blooded system -of massacre which JEFFERSON DAvis sought to establish is an insult to the self-respect of the World. We may not expect that it will be formally withdrawn, but we need not fear that it will be acttially , enforced ; for, if the rebel ailthorities should madly force the United States to execute these stern but just just measures of retaliation, they will be'an swerable not only for. the'death of ourmen in their hands; it will be a double murder they will then commit. FROM Nonmrc CAROLINA we - haVe em phatic testimony to the deep-seated feeling of opposition to the tyranny of JEFFERSON DAVIS which exists among' the people -of that State. It has found expression in strong words ; it will. soon ,find stronger . expression in 'action. JEFFERSON Dorrs is denounced as unworthy of any confi dence, and the rebelliim is declared to be a failure. When a leading journal of a .State . . rebellion dares to advise that a delegation be sent to Washington to offer submission to the Government. we may know how near the great conspiracy is to its utter ruin. North Carolina has spoken boldly, and has half unloosed her chains, and other "States will profit by her example. Proof after .proof is literally thrust upon the nation that the intelligent people of the Southern StateS are growing' weary of a war which they know to be useless, sick of a cause which has brought them nothing but misery, and anxious to return to the Union which but for false leaders they never would have sought to leave. COLUMBIA HOUSE, CAPE - ISLAND,—Thin favorite crod-popubar-hotoLia being rapidly filled with visitors to this delighful watering -place. Under the manage. ment of its gentlemanly proprietor, Mr. T. F. Cake, every conceivable comfort'is provided for its guests. As noticed iii another column, there are. . a few good rooms still unoccupied. Those of our readers who desire a really comfortable hotel should not fail to apply at once. 'LAEGE SALE OF BOOTS AND SHOES.—The at tention of buyersis called to the large and attractive sale of fifteen hundred cases boots, shoes, brogans, balmorals, &c., to be sold this morning by catalogue, at 10 o'clock precisely, by Philip Ford & Co., auc tioneers, at their store, Nos. 626 Market , and 522 Commerce streets. NITSIg AT. FAII7.MOMIT PARE.—The musical per formances at the Park, suspended since the 20th of Tune, "because it was not deemed expedient to di rect public attention from other and more important matters," will be resumed this afternoon, at four o'clock. Special Despatches to The Press. WAR DEP'T, ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE, WASHINGTON, July 81 TBe folloWingorder of the President is published fon the information and government of z all con• earned It is the duty ol every Goyernment to give protection to its citizeni, of whatever class, color,. or condition, and especially to those who are -,duly organized" as soldiers • the`- pall° service. The law of nations, and the usages and customs of war, as carried on by civilized Powers, permit no distinction as to color in _the treatment of prisoners of war as public enemies. To sell or enslave any captured person on ac count of hie color, and for no offence against the lawn of war, is a relapse into barbarism, and .a crime against the civilization of the age. The Government - of the United Stites will give the same protection to all its soldiers, and if the enemy shall sell or enslave any one because of his color, the offence shall be punished by retail ation upon the enemy's prisoners in our pos session. It is therefore ordered, that for every soldier of the United States killed in violation of the law, a rebel soldier shall be executed, and for every one enslaved by the enemy or sold into slavery, a rebel soldier shall be placed at hard labor on the public works, and continued at such labor until the other shall be released and receive the-treatment due to a prisoner of war. ABRAHAM LINCOLN% By order of the Secretary of War. E. D. TOWNSEND, Ass't Adi't Gen, Mails with New Orleans Resumed. In reply to an inquiry of the Post Office Depart ment, Special Agent G/ST, at Memphis, says he has conferred with Captain PATTrson, commandant of the navy yard, and Captain LEWIS, assistant quar termaster of transporta.tion, and they both concur with him that it will be safe and expedient to send the Washington and New York mails to New Or leans by way of the Mississippi river. , - Arrangements have been made for a convoy at least once a week from Vicksburg toNew Orleans, and convoys can be more frequent when required by the necessities of trade or of public interest. The Postmaster General, however, does_ not feel himself exactly justified at present in ordering this service. But if corresPondents wish their letters to go to New Orleans by way of Cairo, they can make jheir endorsements upon them accordingly, and they will be sent at the risk of the writers. Brigadier General RIPLILY, Chief of the Ordnance Bureau, has issued an order announcing the death of General GEORGE 0. STRONG', :an officer of , that bureau. In noticing hie; death, General I:lapis-a says, in his order: ".First RENO, and now STRONG, both so well known to their corps, and so highly appreciated for the intelligence, zeal, and devotion which.each brought to the discharge of the particu lar sphere of duty of his own branch of the service, no less arduous and important, though less brilliant and striking, than that of the battle-lield; has each crowned his career as a patriot and moldier ought, in giving his life-blood to his country." Skirmish Near Fairfax Court House. Information received at headquarters this morn . ing announces the recapture, by the 2d - Massachusetts Cavalry, of all the wagon's, men, goods, horses; Sze., taken by Iffosnny in his late raid on Kairfax*Court House. No particulars are given, but we presume a skirmish must have taken place, with what casual.; ties on our side or the' enemy's we, of "course know. not We argue r however, that Mossny is in rather a tight place, being in full retreat, with our forcns hotly pursuing him. The Sppreme Court. t D. W. 111.robiorroN, Esq., deputy clerk, is'now in charge of 'the office of the Supreme Court Of the United States, and to lbpaineeis communica tions may be addreSsed: At the opening, - yesterday, of the spacious new building of the Daily Chronicle, the Executive De•' partment was represented by President Lirmo.ty and Secretaries SEIVARI7 and WELL'Es.' Rear Adeliral Slirrn Gen. EBUNTZELMAIV, - and other prominent °dicers of the navy and army, together .With the heads of bureaus, editors and correspondents,' tele giaph operators, and clerks of the various depart ments, comprising a large:mill truly pleasant party, who were handsomely entertained by Col. FORNICT; the Proprietor of the Chronicle, at the Waverley WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OF .. MOB, WASHINGTON .TRIY 2 8, 1863:—Gi3NERAI, DENS, N 0.1236.-1. A 'bureau .will be attached to the War Depaitnient, to bi.deaignated thiOavalry Bu, 2. This bureau will have !charge of the organize tion and equipment of Abe cavalry forces of the army, and of the provision for the mounts and re mounts of the same. a. The piuchase of all bones for the cavalry gee, vice will be made by officers of the quartermaster's department, under the direction of the chief of the cavalry bureau. tlnapeetion of horses offered for the cavalry service will be made by cavalry officers.' 4. Depots will be established for the reception, or ganization, and discipline of cavalry recruits and new reOmerits, and for the collection, Care and training of cavalry horses. These ddpdts will be ,underthe general charge, of the cavalry bureau. _ . 6. Copies of inspection reports of cavalry troops; and such returns as may at any time be "called for, will be sent to the bureau established by this order. 6. The enormous expense attending the mainte nance of the cavalry arm points to the necessity of greater care and morejedicious management on the part of cavalry officers, that their horses may be constantly kept up to the standard of efficiency for service. Great neglects of duty in this connection are to be attributed to officers in command of caval ry troops. It is the design of the War Department to correct such neglects, by dismissing from service officers whose inefficiency and inattention result in the`deterioration and loss of the public animals un der their charge. By order of the Secretary of War. E. a TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant General. , AVILSI3IENGTON. WABHIN9TOti, August 2, 1863. The Order of Retaliation. GENERAL ORDERS, No. 262 EXECUTIVE MANSION, WASHINGTON, D. C., July 30, 1863 The. Death of General Strong. The Daily'Chrpniele,oflice. A cavalry Buieau. Payment .of the Troops. The , Paymaster General has directed the pay masters - to make up their rolls as rapidly as poisible, in order that the Army of the Potomac may be paid up to the first of June. The pre. paration of the rolls has unavoidably been de layed, owing to the accent active movements of the troops. Naval. Captain GEORGE F. EMMONS is detached from the command of- the Monongahela and ordered as fleet captain of the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron. Commander SAMBEI H. STELONG is ordered to the command of the Monongahela. ARMY OF THE POTOMAC. GEN. LEE'S DISPOSITIONS NUR CULPEPER. THE NATIONAL AIM MOVING. Ni w Yonic, Aug. 2.—The Times , ,Washington de spatch gives the following : The statement that Lee's forces are massed at Oulpeper is not credited here. No doubt he has a strong rear guard at that point, but the main body of his army is thought to be on the south bank of the Rapidan. The exact location of the rebel army will be ascertained within the next twenty-four hours. The public .will not be surprised to learn that Gen- Meade's army is abOut to make an important move. meat. One thing is certain, that rations for a long march have been issued, A portion of our cavalry crossed the Rappahannock, near Beverly Ford, on Friday, and other forces are already on the move. Colonel Lewell's expedition in pursuit of the rebel Moseby returned to Fairfax on Saturday. Al though most of the stolen property was recovered, the guerilla chieftain and all his men escaped. HEADQUARTERS, ARMY OS POTOMAO, August 2, 1863.—General Buford's cavalry, artillery, and a supporting infantry force crossed the Rappahannock at the Railroad Station yesterday, and thence with his cavalrrand artillery; lie proceeded towards Cul peper, driving Stuart's cavalry force before him. When near'Culpeper, General Buford encountered a large rebel forge of infantry and artillery, and 'a fierce fight ensued, lasting until dark, when hewith drew to a strong position, east of Brandy Station. The lose on both sides was considerable, This reconnoissance confirms the reported concen tration of Lee's forces near 'Culpeper, and indicates that his present headquarters are at Steveneburg, four miles southeast of Culpeper. The twenty-nine sutlers' wagons captured near Fairfax on Thursday night, by Moseby and his band, were recaptured with all their contents on Friday morning, near Aldie, by the 2d Massachusetts Cav alry. A skirmish ensued between the gorillas and our advance'guard, but on the approach, of the main body, Moseby fled, closely followed by the cavalry. Several of the enemy are reported killed and wounded, but 110 report has been received of the result of the pursuit. This morning a detachment of our cavalry killed two and captured two others of Moseby's band near New Baltimore, and were engaged in ferreting out others. The weather yesterday and to-day has been by far the hottest of the season. All id quiet to-night. NORTH CAROLINA. Jefferson Davis Denounced as Un worthy of Any Confidence. THE REBELLION DECLARED A FAILURE. A COUNTER REVOLUTION THREATENED. A DELEGATION TO WASHINGTON PROPOSED FORTRESS MONROE, August 2.—The steamer Es cort arrived this morning, with Newbern dates to the Ist instant. The Raleigh Standard denounces Jeff Davis as a tepudiator, in whom no confidence should be placed, and whose efforts to establish a Southern Confede racy' will be a failure. The Richmond Enquirer calls upon Jeff Davis to suppress the Raleigh Standard and wipe out the -Su preme Court - Of North Carolina. The 'Standard says : " Governor Vance will stand by the Supreme Court, and the Standard also, if ne cessary, and if Jeff Davis attempts to use physical force to suppress the Standar4 Davie will be met with physical force and a revolution in, this State will be the result. John Mitchell, the editor of the Richmond Enquirer, is an agent of Great Britain, which has long sought to divide the Northern and Southern people." The Raleigh Standard says that "North Carolina has furnished 95,000 soliliers for this causeless war, 40,000 .of whom are either killed or wounded, and that• North Carolina should send a delegation to Washington at once, and see what terms can be ob tained, and not wait for Jeff Davie." The recent cavalry raid under Colonel Spear, from Norfolk to Jackson, N. o.,Sound the enemy strongly entrenched at Jackson, which commands the ap proaches to Weldon. - Major Anderson, on 'the 26th ult., captured the enemy's pickets, and took possession of an import ant bridge, thereby defeating the enemy in their in- CH LEST ON. General Gilmorei Siege Batteries able to Breach Fort Sumpter. • NEW Your, August I.—The steamship Belvidere, from Port Royal July 29th, arrived here this morn ing. She brings home the I.l4thPennsylvania Regi ment, whose term has expired. ' By this arrival, we have news from our forces near Oharlipton to Wednesday last, the 29th ult., the Belvidere baring - paned the off bar atil A. M. on that day. At that time the New Ironsides and two of the monitors were engaging Fort Wagner. Ben. Gilmore had succeeded in constructing a long line of batteries t injthie. , two hundred and fifty yards of Fort Wagnerfte had'also mounted three heavy siege guns within': one Mile and a quarter of Fort Sumpter which were to open on that fort the day the, steamer left. The. General was confident that when he got'all his heavy„siege guns mounted he would coon reduce Sumpter.; The casualties on our Side lately have been few in number. ' We have obtained some further particulars of the news from Charleston harbor, brought by the trans port Belvidere to-day. The Ironsides and two monitors, abreast of Fort Wagner, were occasionally -firing on both Fort Sumpter and Fort Wagner. No engaged ent of any account had taken place since the'assault of July 19th upon Wagner. Our losses since that time have not averaged more than four per day. General Gilmore has now more than fourteen Parrott guns and mortars in position on Morris Island. Poi the present the idea of taking Fort Wagner has been Abandoned, shells making but a slight im pression upon the sand of which that work is com posed—the breach made by one shell being soon filled up by the eirplosion of another. - Gen. Gilmore is confident that, with his heavy siege guns, he can breach Fort Sumpter. The 10111 Connecticut Regiment occupies the rifle• pits within two hundred and fifty yards Of Fort Wagner. Col. Otis, of this regiment, came here on the Belvidere for the purpose of taking back drafted men. 00 010430 !NOD a Dierizizies rrimo emu tio(rmlooDtgki The following is a list of the offleers'of the 174th Pennsylvania Regiment, who returned by , the Belvi-* dere Colonel John Joyce, Lieutenant Colonel Edw. F. Hess, Major J. M. Bears, Surgeon H. F. Conrad, Chaplain Rev. L. F. Day, Adjutant Frank Reeder, Assistant Surgeon Samuel Graham. "A—Capin J. L. Fackenthall, First Lieutenant H. C. Kearney, Second Lieutenant A. M. Rise. B—Captain J. H. Allierbach, First Lieutenant Reuben Stever, Second Lieutenant John Greenwood. o—Captain F. J. Geissinger, Second Lieutenant A. U. Taylor. D Captain George M. Hager, First Lieutenant Henry Moll. Second Lieutenant Jacob Leister. E—Cap. tain John S. Bailey, First Lieutenanf^T. S. Ken derine, Second Lieutenant William IVlcClarden. F —Captain Thomas W. Harris, First Lieutenant John. H. Rufe, Second Lieutenant Henry C. Ott. G Captain James M. Jainisoft, First Lieutenant B. B. . Goodman, Second Lieutenant William. P. Radford. H—Captain Z. D. Morris, First Lieutenant C. T. Hess, Second Lieutenant Moses Pour. I—Captain Stephen Williamson, Second Lieutenant H. E. Schwarz. K—Captain Moses O. - Kulp, First Lieu tenant David Finnan, Second Lieutenant Jacob Enlisted men—Non• commio mimed officers, lIS ; privates and musicians, 304. Total enlisted, 417. FORTRESS MONROE. FORTIy.ESS Mormon, July 31.—The flag-of-truce boat New York, Captain Chigolm, arrived earlythis morning from Fort Delaware, with nearly eight hundred rebel prisoners, moot of whom are wounded. The New York left for City Point this afternOon, in 'charge of Flag:of-truce-offlcel: Mulford. The Pertsmouth Virginian; of July 30, says On the 29th General H. ill. Naglee issued 'orders to the Common Council of-Portsmouth, Va., to revoke certain acts passed them among which acts were the revocation of the issue of city scrip and the order compelling the Secesh to pay their rent into the city The CityConnell. Met on the evening of the 29th, and passed the following Resolved, That we refuse to recognize the authori tyof Brigadier General H. M. Naglee to decide'any case of appeal from the action of this. Board.. Reselva; That the Mayor and other officers of the City Government be required to enforce every act of this Council, regardless of any orders emanating from the military authorities;,and that, in the event of a conflict of authority,'an appeal shall be taken to his Excellency the Governor to sustain the au thority of the State, and city. W. P. PARKER, C. C. The Portsmouth Virginian aleo says : " Eight re. her surgeons and chaplains arrived here oil:Thurs. , day afternoon, on their way to City Point. They were taken at Gettysburg:" A detachment of marines have left the Marine Barracks, Gosport; for New York, en route for Port Royal, S. O. On Tuesday last, Pollee Officers William H. De. grew and George Johnson, in company with Lieu. tenant Trumbull, of the patrol guard, entered the dwelling of Mr. Walker, on Court street, and found secreted beneath the chamber floor, some fire-arms, which they removed to the provost marshal's office for eafe keeping. The :U. S. Steamer Vanderbilt. Nnw Your, August 2.—Advioes from Pernam buco to July Eth state that the United States steamer Vanderbilt was to , sail ,the same day in search of pirates. San Francisco. SAN FRANCISCO, July al.—The commercial oom munity was thrown into a state of excitement yes terday, by the discovery of a system of frauds in the. Empire Warehouse.. Goods valued at slso,ooo.have been withdrawn on, fraudulent receipts, or else such receipts have been used for collateral securities to borrow money on. • • • . Launett of a Monitor. Boa'row, August 1.--The new and powerful monl tor Canonieus was launched to-day from the marine tvo;ks of Loring t East Boston. c• THE WAR IN THE SOUTHWEST. Despatches from Admiral Porter—The Yazoo Expedition. WASHINGTON, August 1.-11 ear Admiral Porter, after giving a detailed account of the blowing up of the De Kalb, says : "We are somewhat compensated for the loss of the De Kalb by the handsome results of this expedi tion. Fire of the largest and handsomest boats that ever ran on this river were destroyed by the rebels, to prevent their falling into our hands. They were entirely burnt up, and one smaller one was captured. "The rebeli'sustained a great loss in these boats._ Any one of them could have been converted into a powerful 'ram or gunboat, and the 'loss of them breaks up their chance of transporting troops.' Our forces captured five heavy guns, re lighter, and all the ammunition and stores of the enemy. This frees the Yazoo river of rebel troops. The loss of the rebels by this expedition has been all the guns they.left on'the Yazoo river,. $BOO,OOO worth of steamers, $600,000 worth-of cotton, and as much more in other stores necessary for the mainte• name of an army. WASHINGTON, August ear Admiral Porter, in a communication to the Navy Department, says that he is not sure of raising the De Kalb, and can not yet ascertain her injuries.. All the guns and everything which could be got out were removed, including the paymaster , a book and Government funds. As the residents of Yazoo City did not take the trouble to warn him of the torpedoes, which they had an opportunity of doinz, three thousand. bales o f cotlon have been seized to pay for the gunboats THE • SURRENDER OF 13 RASH - EA:It CITY CONFIRMED NEW 'ironic, August I.—The New Orleans Era of. the 25th ult. states that Branhear City surrendered on the 22d, to .Captain Johnson, of the gunboat Sachem. No further particulars had been received. Gen. FrankliMhad gone to Baton Rouge. FROM VICKSBURG— THE REBEL, CON SCRIPTION IN WEST TENNESSEE. Mampnis, July 30.—The steamer Warsaw, from Vicksburg, has arrived, with Major General Blair and staff, en route for St. Louis. All was quiet, at Vicksburg and its vicinity. Col. Richardson, the rebel guerilla, has issued an order requiring all the men of West Tennessee, be tween 18 and 46, to report at his camps, under the rebel conscription act. The followin. , are the in structions given for parrying out this order: If-a man should absent himeelf from home to avoid this order, burn hie house and all his property ex cept such as may be useful to this command. If a man resist this by .refusing to report, shoot him down. If a man takes refuge in his house and of. fere resistance, set his house on fire and guard it so that he may not get out, The officers of the steamer Courier, from Helena, report the arrival of Gen. Davidson, with a large cavalry force from Pilot Knob, Mo. He captured about 600 rebels, ten miles from Helena, and brought them in. KENTUCKY. Martial Law Declared by Gen. Burnside. CINCINNATI, July 11.—General Burnside has is sued an order declaring the State of Kentucky to be invaded by a rebel force, with the avowed intention of overawing the judges of elections, intimidating loyal voters, keeping them from the polls, - and forcing the election of disloyal candidates at the election on the 3d proximo. The military force of the Government is the only force that can defeat this attempt, and the State. of Kentucky is therefore placed under martial law, and all the military offi cers are commanded to aid, the constituted authori ties of - the state in the support of the laws and ttie purity of suffrage. The legally-appoint&l judges at the polls will be held strictly responsible that no disloyal person be allowed to.vote, and to this end the military pewit' is ordered to give them its ut most support. STATES IN BEBELLION, The Paroles of the :Vicksburg Garrison. {From the Richmond Enquirer.] • The enemy, on the third of July, when Gen. Lee was driving back their forces from Gettysburg, cap turing thousands, and threatening their army with ruin and annihilation, published a War Gazette, denying the power of paroling prisoners on the bat tle-field. .This was done to embarrass General Lee wit,h'his captures;:it was to - encumber his army with prisoners, necessitating large details to guard and convey them to Richmond. Thus the enemy hoped to sO encumber Lee as to prevent his ad vance. Now, - -Vicksburg had no telegraphic communica tion with Washington, and on the next day General. Grant captured, according to various accounts, from 18.000 to 27,000 prisoners, and paroled them on the bitile-fleld, in direct violation of the terms of this War Gazette. The enemy enforced this War Ga iette by forcing into the ranks 4.500 prisoners paroled by General Lee. The captured garrison of Vicks burg,. by the terms of the enemy's War Gazette, should be immediately declared exchanged, and placed as a reinforcement to General Johnston. There wag no agreement between the commanding generals of the two armies—General Johnston and General Grant—which the enemy assert in this War Gazette to be required by the cartel. General-Pem berton could capitulate and surrender, but the ex-' change of the prisoners captured must, according to this War Gazette, take place either between com manding generals, or at the appointed place for ex change, namely, City Point. Nobody will have the right to complain if this war gazette be promptly acted unon by our author." ritiee, and Pemberton and his army be declared no longer on parole, since, by the terms of the war gazette, tbey-were- not , exchanged by the general commanding, nor at the appointed place, but irregu larly and improperly, arid, if, as soon as armed, they be turned against the enemy. If, in eagerness to embarrass General Lee, the enemy has put forth a war gazette that now ma, terially aids General Johnston, it would be but right and proper that our authorities should promptly em brace the opportunity thue proffered them. This war gazette is a forced and improper construction of the cartel 't but as it is the enemy's construction; they could 'not complain if we adopt it, now that it acts so charmingly in our favor. However, though we can see clearly the treacher ous trap set by our enemies, and though the advan tage given to us is sufficiently plain, yet the Confed erates do not by any means govern their conduct by Yankee example. If we had done so in Pennsylva nia we should have laid York in ashes,iand stolen all the pianos. True, we are fighting against an enemy who, repudiates all obligations ofhonor, as well as of humanity, but even that does not absolve us from those obligations. We have certain old fashioned ideas of good faith and chivalry; and whether we. can-conquer in this strife or perish, we must absolutely preserve the reputation of gentle men and men of honor. It is for our supreme military authorities to pro nounce whether Gen. Pemberton and his garrison are bound by the parole or not, under the circum stances. We shall abide by their decision, and feel confident that they will keep our Confederate honor high and stainless. - GENERAL BRA.GG'S RETREAT. [Correspondence of the Mobile Advertiser and Register.) CAMP ON LOOKOUT IROUNTATN, Near Chattanooga, Tenn., July 7. The Army of the Tennessee, Gen. Braxton Bragg commanding, has arrived thus far on its -retreat from the advancing army of Rosecrans. After thir teen days of unparalleled sufferings, consisting of forced marches, hard work, sleepless nights, drench ing - rains, barefoot walking over stony roads, hun ger, famine, heat by day and cold by night, we have succeeded in escaping from the terrible - Yaifirees, and put - as a peacemaker between them and us the surging current of the deep, wide, majestic Tennes see. Here we rest our broken-down bodies for a brief season, and hope to recuperate our exhausted strength, and repair, 'in some degree, our heavy losses in articies - of clothing and camp equipage. On the 24th June the - enemy engaged our troops in front, and dispersed our cavalry. Our infantry met them, and there was hard fighting that-evening. Clayton's brigade, the 18th, 36th, and 38th Alabama, advanced-that evening in a drenching rain to Beech Grove, and held a gap there for thirty hours. Here we confronted the enemy all day on the 25th..--They had seven regiments and we three. We spent the day one thousand four hundred yards apart, and in full view; but the constant rain prevented any en gagement. - There Were some artillery duels between the bat teries on the crestiof the-hills. Bates' brigade, on our left, skirmished all day.: On On the 26th, about nine o'clock; our retreat began. Our brigade did not seethe sigdal to retreat, and muf f nearly cut oir, a large force of the enemy being abreast with us before we retired. We hastened on to Tullahoma, _and ,offered . a battle there, but the enemy declined it, and for fear of being flanked, we retired to Chattanooga. Our sufferings have been awful beyond descrip tion. For . seven consecutive days and nights we had wet feet and wet shoes, which were not once dry during an entire week. Our clothes, too, were wet all the time. The roads were horrible. - Without sleep, without adequate food; often without water, we marched, worked, stood in line of battle, in mud and water, stood guard all the night, and suffered for thirteen days all that humanity can suffer in the flesh. It is ended now, but it will require weeks to restore us to-our ibrmef morale, for we are greatly exasperated and demoralized. Our loss in baggage, clothing, and camp equipage can - never he repaired. We have lost everything. None of us have but one suit of clothes, and many are almoetnahed. Nearly one:tenth of the army is barefoot. The single suit of clothes that the luckiest of-us have arewet and fermenting with the accumu lated rain and sweat that have soaked them for thirteeri'daVs. Ax.reo Of . a Supposed Spy. BALTIMORE, August I.—This morning, the de tectives-of Provost Marshal Blumenburg made an arrest of a young man; named Francis Smith, on the charge of being a Confederate spy, and as having been in the Chesapeake Artillery, commanded by Captain Brown, whcrwas killed at Gettysburg. On his person was fonnd's tidy, on which was tastefully workedi.in the usual colors, a Confederate flag, and around the:edgethe.name of Jefferson Davis, 1861, With fifteen stars. lie was taken to the office of the marshal and subjected tea rigid examination, but he would give' no information with respect to the Parties from whom he - obtained the tidy, as also a pocket‘handkerchief-with a flag on it, He is der .tamed -for the authorities. • In - addition to a number of- deserters, arrested by detectives of provost marshal, yesterday and the previous day, was Thomas Armstrong, Company EI, 6th Maryland Regiment, who deserted on the nth of March, 1862, and entered the naval service on board a gunboat, and George Hanna, Company A., 1 9th Maryland Regimen; who did not go with the regiment when it left this city. He was arrested while in citizens) clothing, and stated that - he de signed staying.here sons to go as a substitute for some_ one, of those to be drafted under the con scription act; Sohn Welsh, Company D, 6th New York Cavalry, who deserted three weeks ago. He wanted to sell- his cavalry revolver, which cost $l2, to a person for $lO, .so as to go farther North. They were all sent to Fort McHenry. There were also a number of stragglers who were sent to Camp Bradford. Over - four thousand wounded rebels still remain in the hospitals, in and around Gettysburg, who are kindly cared for by our surgeons. - Many of them, it is, reported. have asked not to be sent South, where they will again be compelled to fight against China and Japan. SAN FBAreiseo, July 30.-Theahip Black Prince, from Hong Kong en June 6th, arrived here to-day, bringing 366 Chinese passengers. - The American steamer Jamestown arrived at Ma cao on the 2d,of June. All well. The ship DOn Quixote arrived at _Hong Bong on .the 2d of June.— ' The news from China is unimportant. The latest news received at Bong Kong, from Ja- pan, stated that a war with France and England was certain. The Japanese are reported to be much bet ter prepared •for the.war than was supposed. Dates from the Sandwich Islands -to July 4th state that the American commissioner, Mcßride, had entered on his official duties. The volcano near Shilo was again lig action, throiving out immense streams of molten lava. Mexico. SAN FRANCISCO, July st.—The first steam quartz mill erected 'at Reese dyer mines commenced work Owing to obatructiong in the roads between the city of Mexico -and Acapulco, news. has been re ceived from the - ity of Mexico only to Suns .46th. General Alvarez, from whom accounta are re ceived to the 20th instant, was expecting the arrival at Acapulco of the French fleet, with ten thousand soldiers. . ~ .qhle force is .to come from the Gulf of Mexico, acro*Tehuantepec; and from Acapulco will be des proartctah.ed: fOrgarricona for all the Nexican MIETROPIO4. Later by the Stean►ship America—The De fence of Canada—The Russian Reply Un satiSfaetory—Defeat of the.-Rnssians—Ad- ranee in American Seenritiies. . _ Naw Yonrc, August 2.—The steamship America, with Southampton dates to the 22d ult., arrived at noon. The steamship Canada, from Boston, arrived at Queenstown on the 19th; the Heola, from New York, arrived the same day. GREA.T BRITAIN In the House of Lords the Duke of. Argyll asked the Government to give facilities for establishing a ship canal from Lake Erie to the Ottawa river, for conveying grain through Canada instead of the "United States, Lord Granville regretted that the Canadians had not provided sufficient militia far its defence In case of war. Be said it was impossible for England to defend Canada effectively unless the Canadians aided. Mr. }foreman's resolutions in favor of Poland have been withdrawn. The Confederate loan was last quoted at 4),@3/4 .diacoun+. The 'lima' City article says the American news was received with surprise and disappointment at the removal (owing to Lee's retreat)- of all prospect of a termination of the war; with satisfaction in contemplating England's wisdom in not premature ly yielding to recent pressure for a Confederate re. cognition. The Galway contract (the same as in 1859) has been approved in the House of Commons. Galway Win be the port of departure. In the House of Commons on Monday, Mr. Elora man moved the following resolution: Resolved, That the arrangements made with regard to Poland by the treaty of. Vienna have failed to , secure the good government of Poland or the peace of Europe, and any further attempt to replace Po land under the conditions of that treaty must cause. calamities toyoland, and embarrassments and , dan ger to Europe. He contended that England was bound to.do.some thing more than merely write despatches. The Chancellor of the Exchequer opposed the resolution. Mr. Hennessy condemned the conduct of Russia towards Poland. He defended Austria. He thought Poland was entitled to independence. Lord Palmerston said there, was. no. alternative between remaining passive or insisting upon the es tablishment of Poland in its "ancient state. The Powers of Europe were prepared to go to war to force Russia to relinquish her posiession. This might be done, but it was clear that it could not be done by persuasion. The only ground that could justify our remonstrance with Russia was the treaty of Vienna. If that was abandoned we should de liver the Poles, bound hand and foot, to. Russia. Re hoped that the House would not agree to the mo tion, or would press the Government to declare the course they would pursue. Mr. Horeman then withdrew the motion. It is expected that Parliament would be prorogued on the 28th inet. Lord Clyde is alarmingly ill at the Government House, Chatham, and his recovery is' considered altogether hopeless. The Times says : The Cabinet at Washington are not &mid tn . their task. Every crisis of affairs seems to elicit additional proofs that they are in every respect unfit to deal with the' events 'passing around them. The gleam of success that has fallen on the Federal arms in the surrender of Vicksburg, and the incidents of the second Maryland campaign, have exhibited the President and his chief ministers in a manner almost pitiable. With their country torn asunder, and its soil reeking with blood, they only find a voice to make poor and flippant election speeches. „Mr. Seward crowned the wretched dis play by something that we record, but will not here repeat, for it was simply blasphemous. That men in such positions could so express themselves at such a time is a deplorable illustration of the de generacy of American rulers. 2rom the London Daily News, July a] " A °LRAM of success," we are told by a Confe derate contemporary, " has fallen on the Federal arms in the surrender or, 'Vicksburg and the in cidents of the second `Maryland campaign." The philosophical calmness of this generous and dignified admission will perhaps be envied by both parties who are actively engaged in the great struggle on the other side of the Atlantic. These trivial incidents, which are insufficient to disturb tie serenity of Southern sympathizers at a cafe distance from the scenes of action, have filled the Federal North with the profoundest gratitude and exultation, while the South has never attempted to disguise its settled conviction that the fall of Vicksburg, by cutting the Confederacy hopelessly in two, would be a fatal blow to their cause. Bat the Southern journalist on this side of the water affects to see in the permanent command of the Mis sissippi, and the possession of the Western States by the North, only a transient gleam of success to the Federal arms. The less philosophic par tisans of the slave power, even in this country, will perhaps be disposed to regard this tone at such a crisis as the very irony of friendship. It is, however, susceptible of a more generous explana tion, if we remember the sweeping principle which our contemporary has for some months past laid down. It has affirmed over and over again that lithe North should be defeated at any point the loss would be irremediable, but if the South were de feated it would be of no consequence. On the conso latory hypothesis that defeat is of no consequence to the South, her most ardent partisans may, of course, view the rapidly changing features of the campaign with perfect coolness. Unfortunately, however, this philosophical theory has not exercised much practi cal influence on the conduct of those who profess to hold it. They have been as one-sided and intem perate as the most unphilosophinal partisan could possibly be. They have been just as eager to prove that the South was about to succeed at all points as though victory had been really an important object. In fact, so intense and unscrupulous is this feeling that it leads not only to the serious distortion, but to the actual suppression of notorious facts. The Times, for example, in its comments last Thursday on the three day's' fighting at Gettysburg, made no refer. ence whatever to the third and most important day of-all—that terrible engagement of Friday, which lasted from dawn till sunset, and was the decisive battle of the invasion. Accordingly, it very natu rally concluded that the principal struggle was yet to come. In like maener e ereferringeto-viakie burg,whiteairef - keeide rammer with the siege Operations in active progress knew that the reduc tion of the place was only a 'question of days, it continued to report up to Saturday last the flat, tering assurance that "General Grant had an im possible task before him." "Gen. Grant's army," we were again- told on that day, "persists in the siege of Vicksburg, but it is difficult to see what possible hope there can be of reducing the city." In a lees philosophic critic this ostrich policy of run ning your nose into' the sand and pretending not to know what is going on around, would be regarded as contemptible weakness and folly—the very cli max of disingenuous puerility. Recent events have fortunately to a great ex tent restored the philosophic calm. The salu tary influence even of such insignificant events as the fall of Yicks'burg and the defeat of General Lee is seen in a striking reserve arid moderation of tone. These trivial successes, though incapable of disturbing our contemporary's serenity, lead him ' into a somewhat pensive strain of reflection. The real lesson to be drawn from these events, we are told, is "that the issues sought are not to be gained by war at all." This is a great change from the fierce and belligerent note of defiance recently heard in the same quarter. Only a week ago we were told in a tone of something like vin dictive triumph that the North was at the mercy of the South; that General Lee .was certain of victory at every point; that after destroying the Northern army, which he would inevitably do as soon as the Federal commander gave him an opportunity, he had. simply to choose which he would take first, Philadelphia, Baltimore, or Wash ington; and finally, " that unless the Federala pos sess much higher qualities than they hare yet shown. to the world, we may expect- to hear in a week or two that President Davis is at Waabington." Now all le changed, and the philosophical critic moral izes with a sigh over the uselessness of the sword. '• From the first," we are told, "the conflict VTA one of questions and principles which can only be settled by statesmanship. National madness has given them over for decision by the sword." There is much truth in this ; and it is most un. fortunate thatijour contemporary, and other ad visers of the South should not have discovered-it before. There need then have been -no war at all. It is, in the truest sense, a war of principles, which ought to have been waged on.the hustings, in the Senate and Council-chamber of the nation, and, decided - by the deliberative voice, of the-com munity. But the South; madly refusing that legiti mate-tribunal of appeal, took the law of violence its own_ hand. At the mere prospect of a I.political reverse It seized the sword, and those who thus madly seize-the sword and wantonly plunge a whOle continent into war must abide the issues It was an act not only of madness, but of fearful "guilt. • Who alone are responsible for the madness and the crime, the Vice President of the Confedet racy has - told the world. At the Georgian State Gopverition, held, - in January, 1861, to decide whether' the State should secede. or not, Mr. Stephens concluded an unanassierable speech against secession in very-memorable' words. After de scribing the Federal Government -as the best and freest, the most equal in its rights, , the most just in it decisions, 'the most lenient in its measures, and the most inspiring' in its principles the world bad ever eeen, he added : " Now, for you to attempt to overthrow such a Government as this, under which we have lived for more than three-quarters of secentury—in which we have gained our wealth, our standing as a nation, our domestic safety while the elements of peril are around us. with peace and tranquillity . accompanied' with unboended prcia perity and rights unassailed—is the height of mad ness, folly, and wickedness." PRANCE The Ormstitufirmncl regrets the impatience of those who demand the immediate publication of-the Russian replies, and says the replies are being examined by the three Powers, which posi tively intend to agree on the means of settling the question definitively. The Paris journals consider the Russian reply aft unsatisfactory. The Nation says the intentions of the French Cabinet regarding the Polish reply will be made known within three days. Rentes are quoted at M. 86c. A small rifled cannon taken at Puebla is offered to the Prince Imperial by the army of Mexico. A battalion of the Imperial Guards Paraded before the residence of, the Emperor at Vichy on the morn ing of the 19th. One of the officers of Gen. Forey's army delivered to his Majesty the flags taken by the French troops in Mexico. The Emperor summoned the sukofficers of the Guard and delivered the tro phies into their charge. with the words, " If you had been there you would also have taken your share of flags." The battaliort defiled before the Emperor amid the acclamations of the crowd. The Paris correspondent of the Times says : It is pretty certain that the answer of thellusaian Go vernment to the noteirof the three - -Rowera is not considered satisfactory. Among others who are mortified and disappointed is said to be the Russian ambassador himself, who had hoped for something better. _ _ _ RUSSIA Russia admits the six (6) propositions, but rejects the armistice, saying the repression of the insurrec tion is necessary ; an amnesty is offered, and Russia, meanwhile, is Willing - to accept the principles of a conference itself, but does not admit the right of all th 6 eight Powers who signed the final act of the 'treaty of Vienna, to participate in the-conference Until England, France,'Austria, Prussia, andßussia :are agreed. POLAND. The Russian military officers are invested with administrative functions. A Cossack detachment while plimdering Graitewo were cut to pieces. The insurrection in Somokitia is increasing. Eight hundred Russians were-defeated near Lu• barton and five hundred at Sabots. The Russian conscription in Wilma, Grain°, Nowno, Voihynia, Mew, and Podolia, has been The Russians were beaten twice on the 15th and once en the 18th. A despatch from Bucharest, of July lath, says four hundred Poles and some Englislamenieft Toulchta , on boa] d an English steamer, and disembarked on the 11th between Rein and Ismail: Tho instructions received,with regard to this expedition, by the Wal lachian authorities and troops,. were to employ per suasion, and to avoid a conflict with arms at any. cost. Their conciliatory efforts, however, not being attended with-. any result i 's fight took place which lasted five hours, and terminated in the retreat of the. Poles, who abandoned their dead and wounded. The Roumans hadiB killed, and 4d wounded. The arms used by the Poles were of English manufac tuie, and of superior nualitY. Two companies of Boum ans pursued tbe Poles on the 17th ; the latter' surrendered, _The captives were treated as military prisonepp, apd supplied ;with rattona. The com mander was released on parole.. - A despatch from Warsaw of the lath states that Wiederabieki has defeated 800 Bileeiane near Lu bartow. The Austrian Government is extremely diesatifr tied with the last Reagan reply. PRUSSIA The Crown Prince and Princess of Prussia. have accepted an invitation to a grand entertainment which will be given July 19th, by the nobility of the Province of Ueedorn. THE POLISH QUESTION. The Paris Pays sass : The three:Powers still fully agree in demanding that Ruisia mould adhere to the programme. Austria: has enerOtioally rejected the attempts of Russia to disturb. the good tuaderstand ing of the three Powers, = Commercial Intelligence. 'LIVERPOOL, July 21.—The sales of Cotton for two days have been 14,9(30 bales. Prices have advanced 3.4, par tially aid for American descriptions. The sales to specu lators and importers were 5.000 bales. The advicas from Manchester are favorable, with an upward tendency. Breadstuffs firm. Messrs. Wakefield, Bigland. Athya Sr Co., and Gordon's circulars report Dour steady at 2t ig12.65. Wheat buoyant; red Southern and Western fts 9c@9. Sd; white Southern and Western 10011 a. Corn firm and unchanged; mixed corn 270@278 3d; white corn 29s 6d@2:4 6d. PROVISIONS steady and unchanged. Beef buoyant. Bacon steady. Butter easier. Lard very dull. Tallow quiet and steady. PRODUCE.—Asbes Quiet and steady. Sugar inactive. Coffee steady. Rice inactive: sales small. Linseed OIL steady'. Common Rosin without sales. Spirits Turpen tine dull. Petrblenm very duil; 2s 3d 7 # gallon for re, fined, 17s 6d@lls bbl for' crude. American securities are active. ignited States Ps had improved 6. Ede shares'234;lllinois Central 7. Michigan Central convertible 2. - sinking fund 31, Peansylvania Railroad first mortg:ge 6, Virginia 6s declined 1, Illi nois Central bonds declined , • . . LONDON MONEY MARKET, July 20.—Consols are very heavy in consequence of the doubtful state of the Polish question. They are quoted for money at 9235ffs 92%. Judge McCunn , U Fourth of July Speech. Fellow-Citizens of the city of Brooklyn: It Was not my intention to say anything to you to-day. I waqinvited but yesterday by your committee to meet you on this occasion. I had other engagements but, after hearing your committee, I consented to be with you to day, and to be simply one of your selves. But, since listening to the reading of the Declaration of Independence by Alderman Tier nan, and hearing the name of - Charles Carroll. of Carrollton, [cheers,] it made the blood course through my veins with the speed of electricity. That name:stands out in bold relief on the pages, of American history—nay, on the pages of the history of the world. Ile suffered more as a martyr of the Revolution than any other man. This se cond Declaration' of Independence, word for word, read by our Southern brethren, had tilled their breasts with the same patriotism that possessed the patriota of '76. [Great cheering.] I mean what I say, and I am ready to abide the responsibility._[lmmense applause.] I say this is aii_unholy, prtisan war. [That's the talk.] This is the gloomiest Fourth of July that this country has ever witnessed. At this moment we bear the booming of the cannons of destruction (at Gettys burg) slaughtering our brothers, and our fathers, and you sweethearts (motioning to the ladies). If we were fighting for a principle nothing could stand before us; but we are not. We are fighting for Et tn ere sentiment in behalf of a race who do not appreciate our efforts. [Yee—the nigger.] The Republicans are asking who. fired the first shot at our flag on Tort Sumpter I say that the first shot bred at our flag was fired at Bachelor, the United States officer, whose sweet warm blood went up as an offering to constitutional liberty. The next shot that was tired was by Brown, a poor wretch that was, hung for the offence. [Great cheering.] Two years since (March 16th, 1661,) I found published the Southern Constitution. Have you read it? If you have not, read it. It is the same as your owa Constitution, with some very important and some very proper amendments. [ The Judge then read the amendments.] A CEMETERY WASHED AWAY.—A sad inci dent of the severe rain storm of last Tuesday, which was felt with.raore:.or less' force over most of the State, was the washing away of portions of the graveyard in Moravia,• Cayuga county, N. Y. It bring runioredin the village that Dry creek, swollen beyond all precedent, was fast undermining the western portions of the cemetery, a large crowd hastened thither, with spades and shovels, in hope that 'they might exhume the remainder of their friends ere the waters could reach them. But the hope was in vain, and coffin after coffin was seen to be washed from its resting place, mingling promis cuously with stumps : trees, and drift wood of every description. About an acre of soil was washed away to the depth of twenty feet, and as some of the co.ffins fell out, the rough boxes would strike on end, burst and leave an axposed coffin, the cover of which coming off; its contents would pitch headlong into the torrent. The remains of the late Lieuteasut Stoyell were washed out before they could be reached, although very strenuous efforts were made to save them.. Finally, however, the body was se cured some distance down the stream. Altogether sixteen bodies were thus swept away, only eight of which had been recovered ue to Wednesday noon • A number of skulls and spinal bones were recovered next day ; also fragments of grave clothes, coffin lids and aides were strewn along the banks as carelessly as the drift wood, and coffins not wholly washed out protruded a foot or. more from the embankment.— Albany Areut. A FOILED PLAN.—We print below, from the Louisville. Journal of the 28th ult., a positive state ment of a very important project formed by the rebels, but crushed beyond all hope of recovery by the late Union victories : "In regard to John Morgan's late raid, we are in possession of interesting and important facts which we can establish by direct testimony. Before Nor• gan started upon his expedition, he fully explained the rebel plan, of which that expedition was a part. He was to make no attack upon Louisville, but to go through Indiana and Ohio sweeping everything before him, attracting the whole of public attention in that direction, and breaking up all the railroad communications by which reinforcements for the defence of Louisville could be sent. Immediately upon this, Buckner was to dash into Kentucky with the very considerable force under his command, cap ture Louisville, and, take and destroy whatever he pleased, and then the two, Buckner and Morgan, were to make a simultaneous rush upon Cincinnati. "To the rebel mind, the plan seemed feasible, but events occurred to interrupt and defeat it. Vickie. burg and Port Hudson fell, and General RoSecrans advanced sooner than the rebels expected, Buckner couldn't possibly be spared from where fie was. A courier was despatched post-haste to stop John Morgan, but he was ;too late ; when he arrived,' Morgan was across the Ohio. The rest of the story is history." MALICE DEFEATING ITS ENDS.—The Charleston rebels, it appears, buried Colonel Shaw in the common grave with the black soldiers of his own regiment, by way of indignity to his remain& Malice blinded their eyes to the fact, that it could be no r indikoity for the heroic youth who had delibe -twtely braved their threatened halter that he might vindicate the claims of the black man, thus to share the grave of the true men who had followed him. When the story is told hereafter, it will be deemed that be lies in the bed of honor, from which evert the affection of his kindred could hardly wish to emote him —Boston Courier. THE WOMEN OF MEMPHIS. A oorrespon dent at Memphis says : " The ladies of this city begin to see a little beauty in the old flag,' and this beauty will be increased. They now tell you that they have never, had any positive dislike to the flag under which their forefathers fought ; but the men who carry the flag about the streets now are Yars. kees, and they hate a Yankee from Pennsylvania. A Massachusetts soldier,. some of them will tell you, is, a g : ood enough fellow. They are like the man who despised a fiddler, but was passionately fond of a AcclDEllT.George Fagan, eight years old; living hi the vicinity of Cambridge street, near.. Twentieth, was kicked by a horse yesterday after noon. He had his jswfractured. THE NATIONAL. FINANCES. —Jay Cooke, subscription 'agent, reports the sale of $1,100,000 five. twenties on-Saturday. DaowNED..—Patrick,Casey was acciden tally drowned in the Schuylkill; near Coates-street wharf, yesterday afternoon. 01. - T - Y" AcnßowinDemnriT.--We 'have been re quested to publislitlielfollowing acknowledgment of donations : The managers 'of the Fancy Fruit' and Floral Fair, held at the Cooper Shop Hospital for the benefit of the Cooper Shop Soldier's Horde, return _thanks to the Ladies' Aids, 'West Chester, Non istown,Bristol, Cheiter county, Conshohocke.n. Radnor, Delaware.eoruity, Chester, Guthreville,. Coatsville, and Attleborouat, Pa. Also, Ladies, Aids,of Salem, Camden,Moore's Town, and Haddon field, N. S.; to the Young Ladies of Mr. G. Coomb's Seminary; the High amd Normal School, including $136 collected from the pupils ; the Monroe Gram me; Mifflin Secondary, Rockenburg Primary, and others, for liberal assistance ; to the Morning Star :Union Daughters of Temperance ; to the Ladies of Gloucester fora mammoth bouquet, which elicited. general admiration; . to the Ladies of Charlestown, Mass. 'far a valuable hex of fancy articles ; to the Young Misses of satue.plsee, for proceeds of a Tiny Fair $350; to Ladies' Aid,,of Manayunk, for $100; to Whitney & Sons, W. Baldwin & Co., E. C. Knight & Co. Cornelius & Baker, Walker & Sons, Sellers & Co., Evans & Hassell, Mr. Mitchell, and others; to the citizens and friends generally, for their generous gifts.of fancy articles, fruit,cakee, and flowers. JOS. BURNETT ct CO.'S PB.EFARATIONS.— Most of our readers are doubtless familiar withthe • celebrated preparations of this well known Om, They are tinily estatdiahed„as .goods of high order, and are endorsed by competent judges as possessing, the merit claimed for them: Cocoaine, so famous, for the hair ; ICalliston, a fragrant water for the akin; Florimel, an exquisite perfume, andßurriett , a Cologne, which is superior to much that is marked Farina, are all more or leas known among our city", friends. To these may be added Burnett's Oriental Tooth 'Wash, which has received the sanction and patronage of eminent and medical men. At the present - high rates of exchange, there are good reasons why, few foreign preparations should be used, when such excellent. substitutes' can be pro. cured at home. Burnett & Co. klso manufacture a variety of flavoring est:recta l : , which possess great, puritandatrength. :FM'E GROCERIES 10R THE COUNTRY.— Messrs. Davis Sr. Richards, dealers in fine family. Groceries, Arch and Tenth streets, (successors to the late C. H. Mattson,) deliver goods in all parts of the city, or peek therecarefully and send them to ell3r of thed4Tots, for the country, free of charge. mESSItS. OELk'ItI 4 ES O, , MFORI) 4k SONS, urt-: der the Continental Hotel, are now ceiling the most beautiful head-gear fol. misses and children, at and befow coat. THE BEST-FITTING ,SHIRT of the age is made and, sold atilt. George Giant's Gentleinetds Furnishing establishmentslgo. 610 Chestnut street. MILI:TARY GOODS of every description, suitableefor army and navy officers, can be had at Oftkforct &:Sons', under the" Contbiental Hotel. LATEST -PROM - UTE' OF THE FOTO HAOt—[Gorrespondence to the Associated Press.] August 1,;10 o'slock.P. .X.—General Lee is sup. - poSedlo be safe;'as is also eneral - Meade ; - theraid, 'however, is going on, though by, which army is not certainly known. : :- . Twelve o'clock, - Blidnight - -Sereral cows are missing from the Upper Potomac-. They broke loose . - and floated down the river, They are considered a great loss, as each one could accommodate about sixty- men. When-just-below. (lam 6 they turned hottom,up, and that showed at once how coetractora swindle the Government. Two &slack A. 14.1.—1 n nay last,instead of " caws " read " scows." ' Still Later.—The old flag still waves over Charles Stokes & (No.'s "one-price, ,, ' under the Continenta, and Governor Seymour home. TJ pLVROYEMENTS cL.F , THE • 'AGE.— Shakspeare, with all his knowledge of matters and things generally, was behind .the ag4g or perhaps the age was behind him. Suppose, for instance, that he had flourished t1..713.1.863,.'h0w ridiculous it' would havn been for him to have had Richard 111. talk about employing " a score or two of tailors to study fashions to adorn his body." Instead of that speech the ambitiotathike Of Gloater would have simply. said (had he livid in our age), "I will go to Rockniu si Wilson, at the Brown Stone Clothing Ball, N05.',60" MIA'S& Cheittiut street, above Sixth, and let them do their best, and that will be all•suel. dent." Sensible Richard the three times. EvF,B,Y NANia-=or, -- ii. he isn't, he ought to be—fond of ,being w,ell oiressed, and desirous of looking, at:all times-and-seasons as well as -Nature will allow hint telpok. __ln order to attain this end at the lowest:lioseible cost, he should Mare his order with 'tfrativille Stokes, the Fashionable Clothier and lyierchant Tailar,.No. 609 meat:vat street, where a - cholee aeleckau of. summer gockla now ha,1:14,
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