THE PRESS. LISIIND DAILY, (SUNDAYS YLIONPTILD,) Hy JOHN W. WORNTaY. nv1 1 1 4 714 No. 417 CHESTNUT STREET. DAILY PRESS, rwat,Vl ORRIS Pia Wass. payable to the Chillier. v oed to Bebe:gibers out or the Ott! at Six DottAxe re A ,NEix, Foa■ DOLLARS lOR HIGHT MONTHS, WI DOLLAR/ lea 81a MONTlll—inverißbly to ad sea ter the time ordered. !RI-WEEKLY' num. x ,: o d to Bubeonbere out of the City at Timis Dot.- c o Fes AKNoM. in adranoe. sUIttNIER RIEbORTS WIITTE NOLPEIXIR SPRINGS HOTEL, nititt.PlLE. Ournissrland county, Pis, o f Proprietors take ple esta b lishment noing ti the 140 tha t this magnifteent is now ocen V,, s imis. Perpons wishing pure moo taln air, meth r., waters , bathing. fishing. and good hying, at rim- Or a 'his limn, onn of do better than to try these w ii For vartmmars send for oiroulars to S Pri i i i v pi. if. 13UaRouoitel of the oity of New York, mid O. O. AU RN FaT, Proprietors. o.thitu 7t S" BATIIING, tiFtterorrTx.i HOUStL, HRIGANTINkt IittAIJR,N. J. :ow open for the season. The Bathing, Fishing, &ism, and Yaohtina being very oupenor. Bo n win await guest" at the inlet on arrival of o w *lard etr Week VI. P. 0. adfireee. atlantic iiS4lli H. BeiliTH. Pro ,irle to r• _ IvIIITE 110IIHE_, t,ower end of MASSAOIIMMTTS &verity!. ATLANTIC CITY. even house is Inonted imrsiedistelT r on the Beach, and ...Iwo isysry AOOO IntnndAtion for mil I'viinemodsrste. jeS4ul roDrietor. EA.BAT''INO, SAILING, AND FlSH limo. ATLANTIC MOUSE. WATCH. n Naar Fitonington, Conn. ghit celebrated waterloo-011 , 108 Hotel, where the 14t 1171 , ,Fis t hltc. acid Ina eiaJor -1 , 13 , of er H'l th e n it tl ing ali 1 ed l4l B l) tatei, Zl ' l474:ll:lt t A ir g: [0 Jono.lBSl. 0. 8. SPENO R. 021-1 m Proprietor. BRIGGS HOUSE, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS. The undersigned respectfully announce to their fronds. patrons. and-the travelling publio gena rally. thst owing to the stringently of the times, they have Waned the price of hoard to TWO DOLLARS per "I Thantful for the patronage so liberally beuitowed o n mem, they respectfully ask for a emnrinUanoe of 0/mama, rumoring their gateman thlt the •• SMOGS" rill be conducted on the same Pherat plan that hes heretofore otiaracterized their establishment. • WM. F. TUCKER & Co. jetAtm KITTATI Y HOUSE, DELAWARE WATER GAY. This favorite place is now open, presenting inoreased sitrirtiopsi. for the reason. Leave Kensington kiegot at 7 o'olook A. M.. and ar rive at the Onp et 10 o (nook P. M. A Irsageoss.—Fronglin Peale, Morton MoMichael; onto A. (Aides, Samuel 0. ldenliser, aid Charles Beaker. L. W. BKOI7 ft , AD. Ja7•lns Proprietor. fr .II X .ALIBAMBRA," ATLANTIO CITY, N. J. n MANDL!) NEW HOUSE, 0.% Canter of At and Maseaenneetta Avenue , . Now open for the reception of Boarders. The Rooms and Table of •• a HE. ALHAMBRA" are inturpaesed by any on the Island. There u s semitone foe Cream and Refreshment es leen attached to the Hones. Terme odenue 0. DUBOItt &d. J. YobtO. . Proprt tort. gA-B UNITED STATES 17 HOTEL, ATLANTIO. N.. 3.. is now open for Tihi , is the largest and nest-furnished Hotel op the island, and being oonvecuent to the beach and rarrounded by extensive nod well envied grounds, is a destreble Howie for f.miltes. It a Hinted w.tn gas sod well supplied with pure water. The Germania Seeley snit furnish the music for the season. The can stop at the door of the Hotel for the o -cmment* o f vests. JaßktlKl.ail Mogi 13HIN. Proprtetor. VOAIAiISt►ION ROUSES. SITIPI, A Y, HAZARD, & HUTCHINSON, AO. 1I 01111711111 T OOMXISBION lICERORANTS, FOR TIE BALE OF PHILADELPHIA-MADE GOODS. MILLINERY GOODS. WROLUALZ STOOK AT RETAIL. THOS. KENNEDY & BRO. Vie CIIRSINU7 Street, below E 180.71. Are eerie' their Stook of FRENCH FLOWERS, AND STRAW GOODS. AT RETAIL. . ORRAF FOR CAS% GROCERIES. FAMILISS =3I:DING IN THB &VRAL DISWILIOTS. A. are prepared, ea heretofoio, to and! families at WIIT Cowan' losidonoos with ever, deoloripUon of VOIR IMOCISIIKE, TEM. &c.. !►LBERT C. ROBERTELI Ii'XCELSIOBAEL&MS. .. • . • J. K. MI .. . &.00 4 'mitts, .y*OVISIOIO . IO.I3INIRN. • ear ennroto TIM . NRIMMIANICD EtoE r_, stoß -1111641.1-CIFIXD NAME. *us telf AND 144 2110111 FRONT 'TRENT (Netween Art& and Lae !Streets./ PHILADELPHIA. The fastly-oelebrated Dioebrier Hams are oared by ). a. M & Co. (in a style peonhar to themselves), ex- Prftli, for/amity was ; are of delteions davor, free from Uls unpleasant taste of salt, a,M ire prononneed by epi- MSS mpenor env noly offered for sale. apn-Im LOOKING GLASSES. LOOKING -GLASSES. ow daily exhibiting and completing' new and ele gant styles of LOOKING-GLASSES, Combining all the latest improvements and facilities 1 trannfactare. Great noveltiee In Walnut and Gold, and Rosewood and Gold Frames for MIRRORS. Pt he most extensive and varied assertment.inlih tottatry. JAMES S. EA..II,LE":& SON, EAELES' GALIAIiarES, nahl4l els OREBTNUT STREET. BANKING. AUGUST BELMONT d 6 00., BANKERS. 50 WALL BTEBBT NEW YORK, • inns Letters of credit to travellers, available in all parts of Europe, through the ?dews, nottutehild of Pe nt. London, Frankfort, Molex, View:tn. end their ow respondents, feh3-41at* FINE WATCH NEPAININC. pansoNs HAVING PINE WATOM that have litheito given no aritiantotton to the wearers. are Inv i ted to bring them to oar store, where in, defeats es° e remedied by thoroughly Halal stud totaattlio Tric t rac, Lee the wateh werranted to give Va a ntel Cl i craki, D iOlusical Boxes, Ice., earetallY ;Id socasiete order. BROWEEIt, I , :xi t i ers ofW Satehes, W drips Stree es, Mu below sical Box Clocks, &L i _ 4 flag t. Fourth. CABINET I.'URNITURE. CABINET FURNITURE AND An akejt3tir, 71 - 10 CAMPION. No. 281 SOUTH SECOND STREET, .4 , ittrotteeetion with t b ear Oxtensive Cabtnet Saalrers , an now manufantar a snoertor argot. of BIL lAEA) 'rABLY.3 Lail have noir on h A a full snooty._ khished wit h MOM: & cetar otos 1 1 1 PROVED CUIIM°3B ' I nlet' are vroponoed. by a who hare erext than, to . . . 14 teDerlOY to others. For the stuti ty and finish of there Tables the &err- Crams refer to Writ ausnerous•patrons throagbout a ClllO3l. who ore ...amthar 'nth the °baloter or their welt MI-4hr . . 111:TEILRA8S CAEDS. JOHN WELSH, PECA.OTIOAL SLATE ROOFER. TRIRD Street and GERRIANTOWft .2141, PreTatrad to put on any_amonnt of Roofing. on the teOut moderate terms. Will guaranty to make :2,7 4 :;l3ll t c n tint oerfently 'water-tie' Orders =rip' IA D/ ZLLILUTT, WINIC4 and LIQI)088, Moo. 317 s_nd 319. p NUT Arrest, (bnoontoni rare% botirson Third mil Arth, north 'Wad Philo doiphift. B _gi ne 014 online/ Alvaro on hand. Itotabnahod ni1841.1 rono-ly pAWIiON & NICHOLSON, sooK.Bui mts, Nei, Ill? and Ell rOCAtrioas. Between ./rt et T .* Watts P LADBLY A. 411E5 PAWS° . /11 4 .1110‘.e - .• 1737-1,• FLU MAETUrACrrORY • 211 talAt 2 1 / 1 114. F ter end Ramp' of, every esoription:* ea`` Seel mods to o er at the above_establishment, stansfaetore Wid e .LßOALle, and ,RBTAU... rivw. Iteeettlnt Seas It 14 10114 . •101' mistier • tot-dsm • • • . J. B. Bat/78. mat ILLiAttoxpzir.,4:^ W• gouirvit • oi9truiratv. 107-. I I DIIII2I 11 I )4/1411:11141111 vntrti'Aki,4l6}kb 911 OF !iri. et laperiet !WE% sal antaria4 liss4 was ta erd or at ammo Mlle% isk-o . _ • -- - Al t 1 f, ./ -) 10 _,7\_ dak ' .., , ; , 4 •-- - :. ' .: i , ~ 1,,-„, „.• " 97 Vai4lllllr•': ‘ ,._ . . —...........- .1 CA. . • N • N 0 I ' I P/ 0 11l- ‘\:"ljib lf - /.":- \., . , __, , ~'--..'•- •%• 1 • ~......"' r .[;;•"0.... . ‘.1 :" .4 ! It • • , .., .4.4 11 7,3171 [ 1,4, • • 1 ''. . ,1 ':(,•• k 'l' :...., •. I - . '-' ~... ..,,,,!ii.•, , Pr.t.l Pkb-z.: -- ?. i , - "P•'47 l\ - - ..gi WU...,- -„ c./. 41ifgAt5q i ,;-,..;..:411 1- .,.._- -,, ,-,-4.., Iwo . . , . .. , -- _ -..--e,:v_ k i: :••••• :-..-1t„.. - .7,;', • ---•••••• : ••:.."' ." . ; 4...-.7 4 ,!"-•.• -,.."., i . ; ...--• ,-. ' ./ _. ~ • - ;••' ;.•:, ...... .- • ~,,, , I,•• - i 1 ,:s: 1.. 1 -- ' ...f 472Za. \Z .?' : lc: •• • -•-. • - . Lai • • ,-• 1.0 I' •,• ••I , A tir •-*/ ' - ' ...-1.-- ,, . -..*."' ',.. all , . , ; \\' ''' .. ,. - . 1 . . •. - ..- , _ 'sl"ki -•- . • _ • 1 •2 2 .4 • --'--' -_•• --.- • Ra—m t . • ..d - 4 ••;- . ft .. s --.- -----E . r - 1 \• '• 11 . _- __ --_ • .......---...r.-.,_,. -....7....,,,_ - • ''''.____ ..,, - L.... --,_ , 1.. ' -------- ' VOL. 4.-NO. 290. summEß RESORTS. BED . LOVS ATLANTI C CITY. t the terminus of the railroad. on the left, beyond the deem. Th s House is now open for Hoard ers and Tr/instant VIIItOTII I sad offers • 000mmodwtons equal to any Hotel in atlsntio City. Chwges moderate. 'Children an l set , ants half priori. • ID" Parties shim d keep their seats until the ears a rive In front of the h 1,1-lel CONGRESS HALL, ATLANTIC CITY. N. J. This anal:liana House, situated at Atlantic City, will be opened on the 29th June. with every aooommodation for visitant. The House front. the beano, feet. riving a splendid view of the ocean, and is near the Fishing and Bailin a point. No pains will be scared to Amara the comfort and oonvenienoe of sumac AU-teal TROhltia C. OARRETT. LIQUT I.IOtI,SE COTTAGE, A.TLANTTO CITY, the nearest Rouse to the safest part of the beech, is how opso for tf.e &mon. TI?.11,48 MOD P R ATE. • NO LIQUORS SOLD ON TRE pite.mlsEs. Jowl WOOT'ICON, 304 am . Proprietor. VOASIDE HOUSE, .ATLANTIO OITY, t• ,, N. J. BY DAVID ACATTEROOOD. A NEW PRIVATE BOAR IND-HOUSE, beauti fully situated at the toot or Pennsylvania Avenue Now open rot visitors for the semen. je34-Pm SEA BAUD -'t The Clarendon,'" (formerly Virginia Unused V(11.91• 4 1% AVENUE, ATLANTIC CI ry, meow open for the ansorotitodstlon of Boarders. hie House is situated Inanediatu.y on the Beeoh, and from every room Mio.da nue view of the sea. I iett-ern] JAMNet JENKINS, M. D. TAMANY HOUSE, NORTH 0.4120- OITV. M LINA AVENUE, Near the Depot, A rLANTIO The anbam i bar takes pleasure in informing his former patrons and the nub io that he hal reopened the above Hon... where he wtll be happy to please alt who may favor him with a oall. je24 dm ELIAS CLEAVER, Proprietor. QUI/HER BOAR D 1 N la, ATLANTIC t.... 7 CITY. N. J., ASHLAND BOUM Corner of Pennnylvania Avenue and the Railroad, Atlantic, Avenue, 111 NOW °PIN For the reoephon of permanent or traselent bosrierx 1e24 2m JOHN IS. 81.0)CFAL WASIIINUTON HOUSE, - ATLANTIO OlT`if, N. J.—Thia' Rouse fronts the surf. and h.te thd finest B•thiatGrouod on toe Beach. Board por week, $8 60. Bitching Presses included tot wetly boarder* only. gourd per day. 81 60. tlineln meals, 60 sent.. JOHN Rtaus.lt HAM. 10.54-2 m P, opnetor. • KENTUCKY HOUE, ATLANTIC CITY, N. J. This oomfortable and onuvenient new house located nn Beatuoty avenue. oppoeite the Surf House, has been fitted up for victors this atigann. F. tb P. QUIOLBY. Proprietors. N. B.—Horton and omi/ilea to Hire. )01-2m, CENTRAL 1101:18E, M. L ‘WLOIt . P ATIopriLANT eto IC r. CITY, N. J., The above new house~ is open for Boarder.. Room sena' to an •ings. &e. 8 i on toe etteoh, well ventilated , high coil -I'VMM. attentive and polite, Approximate 10 the Bath ng ground*. • jegt-gm PRANKLIN WOE; ATIAMITio,OITY; A.'. N.J. BY MARY MAGUIRR. . . Thls House fronts the surf. and possesses the finest 13ethins 0 'mods on the beaoh. tio,rding !SSA per week SSA per da. Pincle meal 40 omits. Bathing Drowns inoluded for weekly boarders onty. I e 24 km CONSTITIITCONAL Hi )USE, ATLANTIC) 'CITY. N. J., - (Opteette the Mational,) JAME'S I . BAR R. (o 4t old Globs.) Proprietor. fir The ohoioest brandeo. Laquors and Cigars to be found on the 'stand. Jet{-rm CCOLUMBIAHOUBE, Atlantic City, N. J. 'EDWARD DOYLE. Proprietor. ThisHonse is in the immediate vicinity of the Surf House, atd within half a square of the .best Bathing Ovando on the beach. The proprietor will use every anon to mike his guest* comfortable.. Terms reanon - able. , je24 2m S . i'AR HOTEL, 1.4 .- 7 (nearly cliesite the United States Hotel 0 It ' ... 101:40 _Oaf,. IC J. Dineet.__ a # 4l - :we:ll:44*m? xformetor. -- „___. • moo -- car — ti;)ii ' ' ------64) cent. ' ter itr a. Boaruers . . Imolaraodat f rd i on th r e e. mostresinnittile igt4 2m SEA-BATHING.—N A.TIJNAL Ei.aLL, Cava ISLAND, Cap Mal Pl. I.—The toronnetor of the above-tiamed finaly toasted establishment would respectfully inform the thousands or Guess that have heretofore visited us house• that. in order to meet the pressure of the times. he has, for he present season. REULICED PIA OIt:URGES for U mrue s to PIGHT DOLL Rd PER Vir KER. Children under 12 Tears of age and servants half prise. Puperior accommodations, iwd ample room for X 0 persons. Borers to J. Van Court, 24.3 Ara atreet, Philadelphis. Jell-2fa /..1)N GALRRBVlSON,froprietor. WHITE SULPHUR AND MALY BEATE 11PRING8. AT DOVISLING GAP. Dis e list r r i l l it Ir e i gll ( 4 lM o b :lN d C e lgl i t t a i ril!ll 7 4lif4 I. ailrowl, and... , e now open for the reception of visitors. and from five to eigtt dollars. according to. rooms. 70 zuji; fi r c irr a tlizr t z t t a tg l ike T r i a . eit the , Pe n cav i ls's . ma Rail; Call on ti. 8. Janney, Jr .: & Co., 60.3 Market street, for information, cards. &a. COYLE, AIM, & XF.AMER, Proprietors. Iwl-2m` SURE HOUSE, ATLAN I II,O NW z • • boas for A . rgivia • • i vs the Veit pliers. the 817 . 1 KP lidusteal be , atusetige err or sumtaisr , e.ortwear "distil• la table I ,be most liberally impplied. he house la lighted an gas .and plentifully supplied with cowl eisteni water. A 4e-band or innate and the gervioes or several fast-sail MC Yaohts have been engaged, and on the pre mises are Billiard Tables . Bowl ag Alleys, and a trait client number of Bath Bongos, The Fishing, Gunning, and Sailing at Atlantic City cannot be surpassed. . All trains stop at the SURF HOUSE, to land and take 8 1 , fl U r as information, app ly at ASHLAND HOWIE, AR !fl Street, l'hilailelphia or address the Butaeriber at the Surf House. .. el3-36t H. 8. BENSON, Proprietor. H OWLAND'S I.IOTKL.- BHA BATHING. LONG BRANCH, 11. J. The subseriber will open his hotel for tho RECEPT/0:1 OF VISITORS on Saturday, Jane royll-202" 15 ?11. 1. . HOWLAND, Proprietor. • VONORE/38 HALL, CAPE MAY CAPE ISLAND, ft J. Thu; well - known first olaaa Notal will be opened for the teeephon of palate on TN 131011 A Y.Jane 20. WEST & TROMPBON, jell-6W Yropnetora, OLITAIMA HOUSE, Oape Tsland, N. J. C .This celebrated bones will be opened for the re ception of sliest , on June 33. 1801. The situation of this holm is one of the most beauti ful on the Island. commanding an unobstmoted view of the ocean. A band of music has been engaged exclusively for this house for t-e season. A large number of bath houses are oonneoted with the establishment. Good 'tabling for horses attached to the primp es. Applications for rooms or other particulars will meet with prompt attention by addressing the subscriber. JAG. H. LAIRD, Prop_rieter. Jell-tm . Cape island. N. Ji QACIIEWS HEAD HOTEL, GUILFORD; IL , CONN.—The proiiiietar of this well-known. first clam, fashionable SUMNIRR-1101.83i would inform Its former patrons. and the public generally. that he built OD three hundred met last sprint. making seventy tour new bed rooms, new dirng-room,orty by one hun dred. new parlor, forty by strtenty. Every room in the house is newly furnishe_,d with new carpets end new oottyge furniture. The Hotel is of modern nonstruo riOn,built an an extensive scale, with ac-ommadatiotur tor four hundrcd Viite; beautifully locate Hav e n AMS' land Bound. loarteen miler east of New ~ on the New London and Stonington Railroad ; new bil liard-room. with three new tibial two new ten-pin alleys, at a convenient distanoT a from the hoots, and twelve new bathing lionise. Fis ng aot snrlaseed on the Sound. A new yacht o forty-five tome, .ac several small sail - boats, will be constantly on' hand, readyformartiem • Honig from •New York to Sachem's Head, take the $ A. td. train and 3 P. M. train ; °beak and ticket to Sachem's Head direct...ohm:mini oar., at New Haven; time through 33$ hours. • Prom New Haven to the Hasa at TX ti.:111. 1 11 A M. and. P, K.-41'16W minutes. At the baoheni s Head depot will be found one of Cook's best four-horse Omnibuses, new and Mean, to carry you direct to the house. A new Bern. one hundred by fifty-two feet, was built last myna:, wltioh will accommodate tifty homes. Fif teen mires al land have been enclosed, and filled with ornamental and trait trees, walks, &a. The hones will be omened for the reception of com pany on the 26th day of Jane next, under the immediate superimendenos or the owner. B —Mosquitoes are never seen at the Head. Jes-iin tt, LbtS riCRANTON. CRISBON SPRINGS, CAMBRIA:. CIO Pyhis delightful and popular p 1.04 of erunnner resort, tad direetly on the line of the Pennsylvania Astir .on the 'tumult of the Allegheny tnountaina; twenty-three hundred feet above the revel of the 00e641. will be open for guest, the loth of JUNE. nine lad season the grounds have been grestlY, improved and fied beauti. rendering Cresson one of the most romantic sod attmetive places in the State.' The -furniture is being thomnitioly renovated. Theseeker of pleaeurei end the firnEerer from beat or disease, will find aurae- Vorna here, in a firid-olnas _Livery Stable, Billiard Tables. Tannin Alleys, Bathe, together with the purest air and water, and the mint magnificent moun tain scenery to be found in the country. Tickets good for the round trip from Fluiadelplua, $7.00 ; from Pitt.barg, 83.00. For further information, address • 0. W. MULCH', Jet-2m firstson Springs. Cambria Co., Pa. VPHRA TA-MOUNTAIN SPRINGS; lc/ LANCASTER COUNTY, This oelebratedaterins_,Zlm e go tt a wet o f tors on the day et JUN , roymer-solanericatintainl,2(X) feet above tide-pater, - o s_ the richest agricultural country in the world. the air perfectly pure and dry at all times, ren ders It proverbially healthy. share are, ample aoommxiodations for 4:0 viSitoro— fine graded walls through the forest to the various spr' nag and =in mer- houseg on th e mountain and to the observatory. from the top or which is onsseated to the ere one of the finest and moat extensive pano ramic vulwa to be seen. A. good livery I. kept on the place, and beautiful dnveg around t'hot and cold baths; a splendid toad of Music. (from the Oeiguanlajof Phi ladelphia;) b owing alleys and Winn saloons. with the latest improved tablet Large gar dens attached to the place, from whtoti all the vegetable' are taken fresh for the table , which, too, win be supplied from the Philwiedphis and Baltimore markets, as well es from the . noh agrioultural country around. Careful and attentive servant. . Having been connected with the establishment for some years with the late proprietor. the undersigned assures the old patrons of the place and tne public generally that lt will be o onduoted, In every depart to It former popular way. Visitors to the Penults will take the cane to Latium. ter, thence IS miles staging over pleasant roads and through a beautifulcountry. Throe tlekets issued at the eennsy !verde Railroad °Moe. EL EVANTH and MARKET Streets, Philadelphia. For further partiouiang•or 'maniere the proprietor refers to B.tlYEßS,corner THLRD and VINE Strettir. and to AMES H. BRYSON. tio. 2 North aix•za. Street. Philadelphia ; B or, address IS. C. LAYIYIAKER, mial-Im if Ephrata P. 0., Lancaster 00.. Pa. MANSION HOLD E, MT. CARBON, l'obuylkill county, Pa., Is now open for visitor'. For toms. nowlf 11110.9qirsus 4 . 1 4 - r .24- Ira* - • • • IL , OP ALDENTALLINA.--)Ve speik front EElerij, tl L_,Tl4 l e A lt . rn e a ri d e r iTt i l Auk ' r I t 3lt tl eATra o r-aUttr. ctripets, to e deldaeoly the tu'oest prepansuon or the month and teeth that we have ever IW e tie... fulfils all that Is claimed for It, an d at re sammeaded by the moat eminent dentists we adv ise ell UN orl•• " w OH al,—.. Flao/I. , ft wwliJl..• GCITTATtROELA. AXELLA *BIIIZLDS, V;or...Ladies' Dress Protectors—ls rare protection front MI d.ircion•sa byp•rspircti n. . bib DIA Rußlita. GuoDeoi every description. Belt ukt,Pratm;Nilartat ggll e t Y Vl O a & ( . 8 40_ 5 3i 1 c7Itt 7,01 05 n, B.IT Tn. TIM s at tag, Greet andia Robber tore, X 11: CHEM SR UT Ptreet. awl's Third, north aide. Army sad !limy Eqpirtneritg, faiLitl3 JO U 1 THPRZILF.Y; 7Cljt SATURDAY, JULY 6, 1861. PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE. FcLLOW CMZIIIIIII Or 114 SINATS AIM Muse or Elmzszryravtlise :—Ellavias been convened on en extraordinary occasion enthorinsd by the Co.ottitution,your - attention is not called to any ordinary trobjeet of legislation. At the beginning of the Presidential term, four months ago, the functions of the Federal Government were found to be generally suspended within the several States of South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi; Louisiana and Florida, excepting only those of the'Post Office Department Within these States all the forts, arsenals, dock yards, custom bowies and the like, had been seised and were held in open hostility to this Government; exoepting only forts Pickens, Taylor, and Jefferson, on and near the Florida coast, and Fort Sumpter in Charleston harbor, South Carolina. The forts thus seized had btei pet in improved condition.' New ones had been built, and armed forces had been organised sod were organising, all hvosredly with the' same hostile purpose The ' forts remaining in the . pos session of lie' federal Government in and near these' States were either besieged or menaced by warlike preparations, and especially Fort Sumpter, which was nearly surrounded by well-projected hostile batteries with guns equal in quality to the best of its own, and outnumbering the latter a 3 perhars . ten to one A &atm. pertionate share of the 'Federal muskets and rifles had somehow found' their waj into thole States, :and had heed seised to be .used agaiast the Go ternment. Accumulations of the 'public revenue, lying within them, had been mesa for the same object. The navy was nattered in distant sees, leaving but a very small pert of it within the im mediate reaob of the Government Officers of the Federal army and navy. bad resigned in great numbers, and of those resigning s large proportion had taken up arms against the Go'vernment. Si multaneously, and in connection with all this, the purpose to lever the Federal .Union was openly avowed. In aestordanoe with this'parpose an ordi nance had been adolited in each of these States deolaring the States respectively to be separated from the National Union. A formula for institu ting a combined Government of these States had been promulgated, and this illegal organisation la the character of Confederate States was already Invoking recognition, aid, and intervention' from foreign Powers. Finding this oondition of things, and believing t to be an imperative duty upon the incoming xesutlve to prevent, if possible, the coniumma ion of such attempt to destroy the Federal Union, choice of means to that end became IndlsPenra- This .- oholoe was made, and was deolared in he Inaugural Address. Tie policy ohosen looked o the exhaustion of .all peaceful measures before resort to any stronger ones. It sought only to . lid the public plaoes and property not 'already rested from the Government, and to collect the avenue, relying for the rest on time, dimwit:tit; ad • the ballot box. It promised a otiontinuanoe Of he mails,' at the Government's expense, to the , ery people who were resisting the Government, od it gave repeated' pledgee, against any dis turbances any of the people, or env of their Ights. Of all . that which a President might con notionally and justifiably; do in snoh a oase verything was forborne, without wh iob it was elieved possible to keep the Government on foot. On the .sth of Marais, the present incumbent's first full day in office, a letter of. Major Anderson, commanding at Port Bumpier, written on the 28th of February, and reoeived at the War Department n the 4th of Maroh, was, by that Depart ment, planed In his hands. This letter expressed the professional opinion of the • titer that reinforcements could not be thrown nto that fort, within the time for, his relief endered necessary by the limited/ supply of rovisions, and with a view of holding possession .( the same, with a force of less than 20;000 good od well-disciplined men. This opinion was con •urred In by all the officers of his oommand; and heir memoranda on the eubjeot were made en •losures of Major Anderson's letter. The whole as immediately laid before Lieut. General Scott, ho at once concurred with Major Anderson in 6'ii4flO4onr:however • - Ti ß k l r' 7l, Let ti"imrfil l - rdtly,pny-ae - e to the souse oonelnsion as before... Ile alto lasted .at -the same time that no suob sufficient force was then within the oontrol of the Government, or could be relied and brought to the ground within the time when the provisions in the fort would be exhausted. In a purely military point of view, this reamed the duty of the Administration in the case to the mere matter of getting the gandson safely out of the fort. It wait believed, however, that to so abandon that posi tion, under the oircumstances, would be utterly ruinous ; that the neoeasity under which it was to be done would not be fully understood ; that by many it would be construed as a part of a volun tary policy ; that at home it would disoonrage the friends of the Union, embolden its adversaries, and go far to insure the latter a 'reoognition abroad that, in fact, it would be our national destruction conseximated. This Could not be allowed. Starvation was not yet upon the garrison, and ere it would be reached Fort Piokens might be refhloroed. This last would be a clear indication of "policy,`and would better enable the oottntry to nocept the evacuation of 'Fort Sumpter as a mUitari . xleaasaity. An or der was at once directed to be sent for the landing of the troops from the 'steamship Braiidire - into Fort Plekens. This Order could not go by land, bit must take the longer and slower route by sec. The first return news from the order was' received jolt one' week before the fall of Fort Sampter. The news itself was that the ditoer commanding the Sabine, to which vessel the troops had been transferred from the Bro,klyn, stating upon some quasi ariniatice of the late Administration, and of the existence of which the present Administration, up to the time the order was despatched, had only too vague and ascertain rumors Milt attention, had refused to land theirooPs.. To now reinforce Fort Pickens before a crisis 'would be reached Fort Sumpter was impossible, rendered so by the near exhaustion of provisions In the latter named fort. In such a oonjanoture the Goiternmemt bad a few days before commenced preparing an expedition, as well adapted as might be, to relieve yort Sump ter, whioh . eipedition was intended to be' util 7 nudely used - or not; aortiording to circumstances: The etrougest anticipated , ease_fortuting it was now presented, and it was resolved to send it forward; as had 'hien intended in thii 'contingency. It was also resolved to notify the Government of Situth Carolina that if the attempt should not be resisted there would be no effort tothrow in men, arms, or ,immanitlon without further notion, or in case of an attack upon the fort. This notice war accord ingly given, whereupon thelort Was 'attacked and bombarded to Ile without . even awaiting the arrival of the . PrOitsionifig.imiiition.. Iris thus seen that the annialt upon and ,the ieditotion of Fort Bumpier was 'in no sense ' a matter of sellf de fence on the part of the issailUnte. They well knew that the garrison in the fort could by nipos sibility commit aggression upon them. They knew—they were expressly notified—that the'giv log of bread to the few brave and hungry Men of the garrison wax all which could, on that occasion, be attempted, unless themselves by reediting so provoke_tno, They knew oat this :Goverahmo,ii - tieStred to keep thli'garitienti to .4" fort; not to. assail them, 1, %e morel:* to maintain visible possession, trusting, as herembefore stated, to time, disoursion, and the ballot-box, for final adjustment And they assailed and redacted the fort for precisely the reverse objecV--tit drive out the visible authority of the. Federal Union, and this ferce into immediate dissolution, ,- • • That this was their obj ect, the Executive well understood ; and having said to them in the Inau gural address, " you ean have no conflict without being yourselves the aggro/more," be took pains not only to keep this declaration good, but also to keep the'ase so free [rota the power of foga pious sophistry as that the' world sheuld not be ahtif-to misunderstand By the affair at Fort Sumpter, with its surronading-oirottmstanoes, that point Was reached. Then and thereby the assail ants of the Government began the - O . :indica of arms withotit a - gun in sight or'io expectancy to return their lire;eave 'otly the few in tbe fort, sent to that harbor years before for their own protection, and still ready togive that protection in whatever was lawful. In this act, discarding all site, they have 'forced upon the country the distinct issue— immediate'dissolution or blood. And this issue embraces more than the fate of these United States. It presents to the whole family of man the ques tion whether a Constitutional. B.opablic or De mooraoy,Ha • ;governinet it lot e peopl . , by the .sanie l people—oan or cannot th maintain e its ter ritorial- integrity against' Its domestic, foes. It presents the question whethe r discontented indl viduals, too tew. In numbers to .control the. Ad ministration according to the organic law. in , any case, ean always, upon the • pretennes made In this ease or any , other pretence, break up their government,' anti -,thui practically' put an end to the freest government upon the earth. It tomes us to ask : Is there In all Republics-this Inherent and fatal weakneas ?, Must +a government of necessity be too strong for.the liberties of its own' people or, too , weak te,nutintain its own existence 7 So viewing the issue, no , choice. wait left but to call out the war pOwer of the Government, and so to tooth' the force employed for its de/traction by forest for its preservation. •, The call was made, and the respotuin of the PHILADELPIDA, SATURDAY, * JULY 6, iB6l, country was most gratifying, surpassing in ann. almity . and spirit the most sanguine expectations Yet none of the States commonly called sieve States, except Delaware, gave a regiment through regular State . organizations. A few regiments have besn 'organized within' some others of those States by individual enterprise, and received Snta the Government service. OC course the ettoeded States so .oalled, and to which Texas had been jiined about the time of the inauguration, gave no troops to the cause of the Union. The Border Statist!, so called, were not uniform in their action, some of them being -almost unanimous for the Union, while in others, as Virginia and North Ca rolina, Tennessee and Arkansas, the - Union fiend. meat was nearly repressed and aliened. , -The course taken in Virginia was the moot remark able, perhaps the most important A conven tion sleeted by the people of that State to consider this very question of disrupting tbe Federal Union was in session at the capital of Virginia when Fort Sumpter fell. To this body the people had chosen a large majority of protected Union men. Almost immediately after the fall of Sumpter, many members of that ma jority want over to the original disunion minority, and with them adopted an ordinance for withdraw. log the State from the Uolon. Whether this change Rai wrought by their great approval of the assault upon Sumpter, or the great resentment at the. Government's resistance to that asesetit, is not definitely known. Although they submitted the ordinance for ratification to a vote of the pen pia, to be taken on a day then somewhat more than a month distant. the Convention and the Legislature, which was also in session at the stems time and place, with leading members of ,the State not members cf either, immediately ciommeitoed noting as if the State were already out of the Union They pushed their military . preparationo vigorously forward all over the State They seized the United States armory at Harper's Ferry, and the navy-yard at Gosport, near Norfolk. They received, perhaps invited, into' their State large bodies of. troops, with their, warlike appointments, from the so called melded States. They formally entered into a treaty of temporary alliance and co.' operation with the so-called Confedrate States, and sent members to their Congress at Montgomery, and finally, they permitted the insurrectionary Government to be traneforred to their capital at Richmond • The people of Virginia have thus allowed this giant insurrection to make its nest within her bor dens, and this Government has no oboioe left but to deal with It where it finds it, and it has the less re gret as the loyal citizens have, in due form claimed its protection. . These loyal ',Matins this 'Govern._ moist is bound to recognize and protect as being Virginia In the Border States so called, in fact the Middle States, there are those who favor a policy which they call armed neutrality ; thetas , an arm ing of, thoee States to prevent the Union foroea pasting one, way or the Disunion the other, over their soil. This would be disunion completed, flits-' ratively speaking It would be the building of an impassable wall along the line of separation, and yet not quite an impassable one, for under the guise of neutrality it would tie the bands of the Union men, and freely pan supplier•frord among them to the insurrectionists, which it could not do as an open enemy At , a stroke it would take all the trouble off the hands of secession, ex dept only what proceeds from the external block, side It would do for the Disuatoniets that which, of all things. they most desire—feed them well, and give theds disunion without •a s truggle of their own. It recognises no fidelity to the Constitution, no obligation to maintain the Union ; and, while very many who have favored it are doubtlesi, loyal. it. ts nevertheless very injurious in effeeti iteourring to the action of the Government, it may be stated that at first a sail was made for 'mystify-. five thousand militia, and rapidly following this a proclamation was issued forolosing the ports of tho inturreotionary districts, by proceedings in the na-, ture of a blockade. So far, all this was believed to be strictly legal At this poles, the ineurreotioniats announced their purpose to enter upon the practice of priva . teering. Other calls were made for Volunteers to serve three years, tinier! sooner disohnrged, and also 'nit- large additions to -ttie regular army and navy. These measures, whether strictly legal or .not, were ventured upon under what appeared to be a popular demand and a public necessity, trust lag, then; as now, that Congress would readily, ratify them. It Is believed that nothing hai been! done beyond the - tionetitutional competency of Congress. - ' Soon after the first oall for militia, it was conal-, dered a duty to authorize the Commanding-Gene ral in proper oases, according to his discretion, to, suspend the privilege of the writs of habeas oor-, pus, or, in other words. to arrest and detain, with out resort to the ordinarY proceeses and forms of law, such individuals as he might deem dangerous to the public safety. ; ,This authority has purposely been exeroise,d but Vry sparingly. Nevertheless, the legality and propriety of what has been done under it are questioned; and the attention of the country hal been (tailed to the proposition that one who is sworn to take oare that the laws be faith fully executed should not himself violate them. Of course some consideration was given to the quasi-, Lions of power and propriety, before this matter was acted on. The whole of the laws which were required to be faithfully executed were being resisted, and failing of exeoutlon in nearly one•third of the States. Must they be allowed to finally:fail of execution, even had it been 'perfectly clear that; by the use of the4rieans necessary to theilltameint: le.law made in saoL ez b ten-'; the gu.ity n o .hirthe.,inneeei. ibOald,.to a Very limited,extent, be violated? 'To state the question more directly, are all the •brars but one to go nnexecnted, and the Goirern meat itself go to pieces lest that one be violated? Sven to such a case, .would not the ofhoial oath be broken if the Government should be overthrown, when it was believed that disregarding the single leer would tend to preserve it? But It'was not be lieved that this question was presented. It was not believed tbat any law was. violated. The pro-. vitton of the Constitution, that the privilege of the writ of habeas eorpoe shall not be suspended unless when, in case of rebellion or invasion, the priblio safety may require it, is equivalent ta a: provision that such privilege may be suspended when, in oases of rebellion or invasion, the pulpit's safety does require it It was decided that we have a case of. rebellion, and that the ptiblio: safety demi re quire the qualified etuipension of.' the privilege of the writ. whioh was authorized to be made. Now it is 'instated that Congress, and not the; Executive, is, vested ivith* - thls=piiwor. But the Constitution itseltis silent as to which or Who is to exercise the power, and as the provision was . plain.* ly made for a dangeroui emergent : sy, it cannot be believed that the fraiiieriof the instrument intend ed that in every: case the danger; should run its 0011140. Congress could "be wailed together, the very as ambling of which might be revented, as was in.: tended in this ease by the rebellion. No more extended argument is now offered, as an opinion at some leogth will probably be , presented bythe Atterney General Whether there shall be any upon the subject, and if any; what, is submitted entirely to the better: judgment of Con gress: . The forbearance of this Government had been se extraordinary and so long continued as to lead some foreign nations to shape their action as if they supposed the'early destruction of our National Union was probable.. While this, on discovery, gave the Exeoutive some concern, he is now happy to say thatch. sovereignty and rights of the United States are now everywhere practically reepeeted by foreigti Powers, and a general sympathy with the country is manifested throughout the world. The reports of the Secretaries of the Treasury, War, and the Navy, will give the Information in detail deemed necessary and convenient for your deliberation and action, while the Executive and all the departments will stand ready to slimly omissions, or to communioate new facts consideie important `for you , to know. It is now, recommended that you give the legal means for making this contest a short and a deal dive One ; that you place at the control of the Go! .vernment. for ,the , work, at least ,400,000 men and $4OO 000,000. . That number of mends about one tenth of those of proper ages within the region; where apparently all are willing to engage, and the sum is less than a twenty third part of the money value owned by the men who seem ready to devote lbe whole. A debt of $6OO 000 000 now is a less nom per head than Was the debt of oar own Revolution, when we came -out" of that struggle; and the money value in the country now bears even a greater proportisa to what it -was then than does the population. . Surely,eackman has as strong a motive now to preserve our liberties as each had then to establish them A right result at this time will be worth more to the world than ten times the men and ten times the money. The evideboe reaching us from, the country leaves no doubt that the material for tics work is abundant, and that it needs only the hand of legielation to give it legal sanction, and'_ the hand of the Executive to give it praotioal sape and efficiency. One of the greatest .perplexities of the Government is to avoid receiving troops faster 'than providing for them. la a word, the people* will save the Government if the - Govern ment lu3elf. will do its part only indifferently well. - It might seem, at first thought, to be of little difference whethei the preient movement at the tlouth be called 8430e5/ion or rebellion. The movers, however, well understand the difference. At the beginning they knew they could never raise their treason to any respectable magnitue by any name which implies violation of law. They knew their people possessed as much of moral senile, as muoh of devotion to law and order, and as muoh prideln, and reverence for, the history and Government of their common country as any other civilised and patriotic people. They knew they could. make no advancement directly in the teeth of thette . tttrong and noble sentiments. AceoidinglY, they com menced by an 1106(1100 debauching of the public mind. They invented an ingentus sophism whioh, If conceded, was followed by perfectly logical steps through all the' inoldeits to the complete de struction of the Union, The sophism itself Is that any Rite of the Union may, consistently with the NatiOnal.Constitation, and therefore lawfully and pesoefully, withdraw from the Union, without the consent of the.Uolon or of any other State. The little disguise; 'that the supposed right is to be °mislead only for a just clue, because they themselves are to be the sole judges of Its justice, Is too thin to merit any notice. With rebellion thus sugar•oolted, they have been drugging the public mind of their section tor more than thirty years, and until at length,they . have brought many goo man to , a willingness to 'tit'' IV arms , against the' Government the day After some assemblage of men have enacted the tarots:tat pretence of taking their State out of the Union, who could have been brought to no snob thing the day before, This sophism derives much, perhaps the whole 'of its currency, from the assumption that there is some omnipotent and sacred supremacy pertaining to a State, to each Stated oar Federal Union. Oar States have neither mote nor lees power than that reserved to them in the Union by the Constitution, no one of them ever haviog been a State ante the !Upton. The original MISS passed Into the Union even before they oast off their British oplonial de iseridenoe, and tbe new ones each 'came into the Union thready from Cr condition of dependence, excepting Texas; ,and even Texas, in Its tempo. rary independence, Wu never designated a State. The new ones, only toot the designation of etates on coming into - the Union; while that' name wagfirat adopted for the old ones in and the - Deolaration of Independence. Therein the:United Colonies were declared to be free and independent States ' Bat even then the object plainly , was not 'le 164 °tare their iedependenoe of one another, or of-libe Union, but dirootly the contrary, ae. their tuutnal pledge and their mutual action, before, `at the time, and afterwards, abundantly shore. The ex press plighting of faith, by each and all tbe.origi . nal thirteen, in the Artlelee Of Confederation, two years later, that " the Union ihill'be'perpetual," is most oonolusive. Having, never = been f3tates; either in eabstanoe or name outside ,of„ the, Union, whence this Magloal omnipotence' of State " a/setting a olaitn of power to,lawfully:deatroys•the 'Union itself?. Mnoh is said about•thereevereignty of the States; but the word, evoin,ll,iiitt 4te Nal tional Constitution, nor. .as is bellevid,fri city of the State Constitutions What is a;, - ,sovereignty,',•in the political aenee of, theterm, .?7,.7.W0u1d .it hi wrong to define- it "a noligherdommunity • Without a political euperior?". '• Tasted by this, •ner, one of our States . expeft wTexes over was p sovereignty, and even .Texas -gave up the character on coming into the' Union; by whloh Rot she acknowledged the Constitution' of the United States, and the laws and treatise of the United States, made in Pursuance of, the Conatitu-, tion,.to be for her the supreme "law - of the land. The States, have their afatue In the Unicre, and they have no other legal status. If they . , break from this, they oan'only do eo against law, and by revolution- , The Union, and not themselves sepa rated, prepared their independence and . their liberty. By oorqtlest or purchase, the Union gave 'each of them' whatever of independence and 'llber ty it has.!:The Union is older than any of the 'States, and' in faot created them ; as States. Originally . ; some , dependent colonies, Made the Union, end, in turn, the Union threw off their old dependenonfor themrandmade_thena States, gaol' .84 they are, Not onaof them ever-had a State. Co n, atitution indepsndent of the Union. • Of. courts, it is not. forgotten that all , the new States framed,tbeir Oonatitations before- they en- 'tared the Union ; nevertheless dependent upon, and propitiatory to coming into the Uni on. wim a UeqaestionablY, the State/lavepowers the and . rigette reserved to them in and by the National - Constitution; but "among these, surely, are not %Deluded all oonceivible powers, however misobig cons or destructive, knit, at most, enoh only as are known in the world. at the time; as governmental Powers, and reertainly poiver to destroy the Wa- vernment itself had never known' ea governmental a merely administrative power. • • • This relative matter of national power and State rights at a principle •is 'no other than the prinot :pie of generality - and= locality. Wbtever concerns the whole should be confided to the' Whole, to the - Gengral Government ; while wbatever•oonrierns only the State should - be left exelnaively to the . State.' This is all there is 'of original principle about it. Whether the Nation al Coisilltution, in defining borindarier between the two,.has applied the principle with exact ac • - ouraoy, is not to be quesrioned. .We are also bound by:that defining, without , question. What is now combatted is the position that Reo4Blol2' id con sistent With•the Constitution, le - lawful and peace fal. It is not contended tbat there is stay express laW for it, and nothing nhould ever be implied. se, aw.whiob leads to•unjust or absurd Oonsequenees.' The.nation purohased with' mioney. the countries. on' of which several of thee* States ,wore formed. is it jasithat they shell go off kititiont leeie and' without refunding? -The nation' Paid'very large eauts—in ,the aggregate;:l.:believe;.of:A hundred m4lions—?co. relieve ~Ftorida of the.sbonginal l tritire' 'ls irjusetbitt•ehe'shall Erie/ knoll "inituseiat without makiog any return?' The no- tion is note•in debt fonmotter applied for the bane- , lit of these so•oalled seceded States in common with, 'the rest. •Is it just either that creditors sheltie unpins', or the remaining States pay the whole? , Part of, the presect national debtwasoontrectsid; tdpay the old debts of Teias. Is it just that shat shall leave and pay no part of this herself ?' 4 Again, if elm State may secede, so may another,' and when all shall have seceded , none is left to payi the debts. Is this quite , jest tooreditors? Did we notify- - them of tbiseege view of mate wben we bor-1 rowed their money ?_;) If we :,DOW recognise .this dootrine.by,allowing tbe•Seeeders,to goin.peace, 'it is difficult to eels what we can' do if others to go, or to :extort terms 'upon 'which they ',Mil ,promise, to remain. . • -,, ,• • .The . Saaeders insist that our Coeittitution admits •Otsioession. They hive assumed make tiortal„coostitiation of their own,:which of neaessity, they have either- diaoarded or . retained the right • of secession as they insist it exiate in ours. If they have dieoarded it, they thereby admit that on principle it ought not to be in ours. If they have retained by their own construction of ours, they show that to be consistent they must secede from one another whenoverthey shalkend it the easiest wsy of settling thole debts, or effecting any other eellisb or urtjust object. The principle itself is one 'of disintegration, and upon which no Gov,ernment own ponibly endure. • . s ,If all the States saver one should assert the power ledrive that one out of the Union. it is presumed 'whole class of Seceder politicians would at some deny the power, and , denounce the sot as . ; tbe.greatest outrage upon State rights Bat sap pouf that preolsely the same &et, instead of being called driving the one Out, should be celled the seceding of the others from-that one, it would be exaetly what the seceders-claim to do, unless, In deed, they make the poi& that the one, because it is a minority, may rightfully do what the other breams. they area majority may not rightfully do. o .mrnirirriee ; - tE - 4 nor...pa — W foram, 'power whir:lnn:nide 'the Corostitittion; end speaks: trout the priamble,Thalling :.”The;Peopigif'' It Mar well be questioned ythether there is to day ' '' a -majority of tne - ligallyitailifiad 'voters of any State exempt; perhaps. , SoaticOarollia. in favor-of . disunion... There. lemuott reason to.beiteve that the Union men,are the mi.jorityin many, if not in • •every the one,, of 'the so-called speeded States. As the contrary hagnotbeen demonsteated ' in any _one of them, it is ventured to affirm.tbia, even of Viiginia .. and Tennessee, for the result of an Polio. tion held in military camps, where 'thirbaYtinets _were all on one, side of :the question; voted upon,i can scarcely be considered as. a demonetrition of , popular sentiment: At' nob - an election large class who are not at once; for the Union and: ageing poeroion, would be (monied. to , vote 'against' the Union._ • ~ • It may beetE Med, without extravagance, tbat. the free institutions we enjoy biavei‘developed• the; power and improved the condition of., our, whole. people, beyond any Sim:at - nein thirivorld. .Of this' we now have a. striking and •leariressive illustra tion . So :large- an army as the Government- has how on .foot was never before known, without .a giddier in It brit who' fradlaken his place there of 'hit own' free choice. Bat,'„more than this, there -nee many .single regiments whose members, one and another, posttest full practical knowledge of al the arts, solertoes; professions, and whatever else whether nectar or elegant, is known in the wo Id ; and there is roareely.one from which there could not ,be selected. a President, a Cabinet, a Cengreas, and perhaps a oonrt abundently.com potent to adminiater the Government itself. 'Nor 0o t say.this is . not .true. also in the army of our late friends, now. adversaries in. this contest. But if it is, so much better the reason why the;Govern meat which ties conferred snob 'benefits-onlboth them and us ehould ; not be broken up.: Whoever, in any seotion, , proposes to abandon auoh a-Govern ment, would - do well to consider in deference to what prinolple it' is'ihst be &on It. -What hatter , As is likely ; to get in its stead? . Whether the sub stitute will give, or be, intended to much' of good to the people? Those are some foreshadow-. ings on this subject. • Our adversaries have adopted, some declarations of independence in whioh, un 'like the good old'aide; penned are' Jefferson, they 'omit the - words . " All-men are created equal." fW by ? They. have adopted a temporary national,' constitution/to the preamble of which, unlike, our good - old on e ~signed' liar 'Weetringtoa, they omitFi We, theptloPle,n and aribetitute . We, the dope ttiee of the sovereign ; and , independent States." ?Wby,this deliberate. preasing out of ,vieW e rtgEtte of men and the authoriti of the people?, This is essentially a• people's conteat Oa the: Bide of the Union-it is a struggle for maintaining" ,ito the world that form-and , substance of govern-. meat whose leading objeot is to elevate the condi Lion of men . ; tolift 'artificial weights from all.. Shoulders; to clear the paths of laudable pursuit for all; to afford all an unfettered start,. and ` fair chance in the race of life. • • , .I Yielding to partial and temporary departures' from neoessity;,this is the leading object, onkel; Government for whose existence we contend. € I ' lam most happy to believe that the plain people understand and appreoiate. this. 'lt is worthy of lota that, .while in this,Ahe Government's hour of,. pia!, large numbers of therein the army and . naiy, !rho have been 'favored with. the oflibee- have re- , lived, and proved 'false to the bend which had; -tampered them,.not one common soldier or corn non sailor is known , to, have" deserted his Saki nreat honor is due to those ofEcere who remained hue despite the example of their treacherous arm dates. But the greatest honor and most important tarot of all is the uncommon firmness of the common' - moldier' and common sailors. To the last man, so, Or as known, they have ettooessfully resisted the; traitorous efforts , of these, whose commands bat an hour beforo,„they, obeyed .as &Crenate law.: ibis is the 'patrititio instlnot 'of plain -people.? They understand, without an• argument, that ; ) As destroying of the Government whioh was made: by. Washington means no good to them. Our popes-" Its Government has often been 'called an expert.; meat. Tire points In. it our people have already settled—the successful establishing end the ono easeful admlnisterirg of it. One still remains—its eaceeeeful maintenance against a formidable inter nal attempt to overthrow it. It fa for them to de monstrate to the world 'that those who can fairly carry an eleotion ortn - also implores' a rebellion-- that ballots are the rightful and peaceful anorma sons of bullete,and that when ballotsbave fairly and oonstitutienally derided there can be no ono easeful appeal back to ballet'', that there oan be no successful appeal 'except to ballots themselves at suoceeding elections. Such will be a great lemon of peace, teaching men what they cannot take by an, election, neither can they take it by war; teaching all the folly of being the, beginners of war. . • Lest there be some 1:11101141110311 in the minds of ortndid men as to what is to"be the course,pf the , Government towards the Southern States aher the rebellion shall have been suppreesed, the Execu tive deems it proper to say it will be 'his purpose then, as ever, to be guided .by the Constitution and the laws, and that he probably will have no different understanding of the powers and the duties of the Federal Government relatively to the rights of the . States and the people, under the ' Constitution, than expressed in the .Inatigaral. Address. - Be desires to preserve the Government,i that it may be administered to all as it .Was ad -t ministered by the men who made it Loyal oils-: sans, everywhere, have the right to claim this of their Government, and the Government has no , right to withhold or neglect it. Ills not perceived that in givieg it there is any coercion; any con quest or subjugation, in any just sense of the terms. The Constitution provides, end all the States .have accepted the provision, that the United States sha 1 guaranty to every State in this Urrion a republican form of Government. But if a State may lawfully go out of the Union, having done so, it may also disc sod the republican form of Govern ment ; as that, to prevent its going „out, it.is all indispensable to use every - - means means to the end of maintaining the guarantee. When an sad is law jut and obligatory the indispensable means to ob tain it are also lawful and obligatory. It wan with the deepest regret that the EXl,Oll= dye found the duty - of employing the war power, in defence of the,Goven3inent forced upon:him% He could but perform•thisduty onsurrenderthe exist ence of the - Government. No - compininise by.,pub! Ito servants could in this case be:in - ado: : Not that oompromises are, not often proper, tint that no popular government can long survive, a marked preoedent, that those who carry . an election elan only save the,. Government from immediate' de struotion by giving up the main point upon which tbe people gave the election. The people them selves, and not Abell. - servants, can safely reverse their own deliberate decisions. As a private °M ien the Expoutive oould not have consented that these institutions shell perish; numb less could he, in ,betrayil of so vast and so sacred a trust asthma free people had confided to him. :11e felt that he had no moral right to shrink, nor yrien to count the chances of his own life in what might follow. In full view of his great responsi bility, be has, so far, done what he, has deemed his duty. You will now, according to your Oyu judgment, perforM yours. Lie simerely hopes 'that:your views and your actions may so acoord Witlrhis as to assure all faithful citizens who have been disturbed in their rights of a certain and speedy restoration to them under the Constitution and the laws. "And having thus Chosen our course, .without guile and with pure purpose, let us renew our trust In God, and go forward without fear, and with manly hearts. Amuses( Lnicomr.' July 4, 1861. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. Washington, July 1, 1861. SIR : I have the honor to submit the following! report of the operations of thiaDepertment. The aocompanying +statement+ • of":4l» .‘ Aelottent. General will show the number, descriation tribution of the troops which are now In service: - t It forms no pert of the duty of this Department to enter upon a dieourslon of the preliminCry air enmetanoes which have contributed to the present condition of public 'affairs.' The secession ordi-: name of South Carolina was passed on the 20th of December last. and from that period until the' majesty, of the Government' was made Manifest, immediately . EsterSou' had assumed the Chief Magistraoy, the conspirators against its Constitu- . Hon and laws have left nothing undone •to petuate the memory of their Infamy Revenue* steamers have been deliberately betrayed by their, commanders, or, where' treason could net be, brought to ma/summate the defection, have been: overpowered by rebel troops at the command of disloyal Governors. The Government arsenals at Little Rook, Baton Rhine Mount Vernon, Apa lachicola, Auriga, Charle s ton , and Fayetteville, the ordnance depot 'at San Antonio; and all the other Government works fa Texas; widelli served as the depots of Immense stereo of arms and am munition, have been surrendered by the command ers or seized by 'disloyal hands. Forts , 111.s.ein,' Caewell, Johnson, Clinch, Pulaski, • Jackson, Ma rion, Barrancas, Ideßee, Morgan, Gaines, Pike, Macomb, St Philip,- Livingston, Smith, and three at Charleston; Oglethorpe Barraoks, - Barrancas .Barracks, New Orleans Barracks, Fort Jackson, on the Mississippi . . the battery at Bienvenue, Dupre, and the works at Ship Island,atve been Emcees . Ivey stolen from the Government or betrayed by .their commanding Officers. The onstoMbouses at New Orleans, Mobile Savannah, Charleston, and other important points, containing vast amounts. of Government funds, have been treacherously ap vopriated to sustain the cause of rebellion. In like manner, the branch mints at New Orleans, at Charlotte, and at Dablonega, have been 11- legally seized, in defiance of every principle of common honesty and 'of honor. The violent seisms of the United States - Marine Hospital at New Orleans was only 'wanting to oomplete the catalogue of crime. The inmates, who bad Veen' disabled' by devotion to their country's service, sod who there had been scoured a grateful aeflum, were cruelly ordered le be removed; with-' on the slightest provision being made for their' sapport•or comfort.. In Texas,' the large' forces . 'detailed upon the frontier for the protection of the inhabitants against the , attacks of marauding In diana were ignominiously deserted by their corn mander,Brigadier 'General Twins To the in famy of treason to his flag was added the crown ing crime of deliberately handing over to the -armed enemies of his Government all the public -property entrusted to his °tinge, thus even' do -priving the loyal men under hid command of all means of transportation out of the State. - A striking and honorable contrast with the re, (meant conduct of Brigadier General Twiggs, and other traitorous officers, has been presented in the heroic and truly self sacrificing course pursued by Major Robert Anderson, and the small and gallant 'band of officers and men under hie command at Fort Sumpter; and also by Lieutenant Adam J Stemmer, his officers and men, at Fort Piokens In referring, with strongest commendation, to the oonduot of • these brave soldiers, under the trying oironmstanoes which surrounded them, I only echo the unanimous voice of the - American people. In this connection, it is a pleasurable duty to refer to the very gallant action of Lieutenant Roger Jones, at Harper's Ferry, and the handsome and success. ful manner in which be executed the orders of the Government at that important post. " The determination of the' Government to use its - utmost: power to subdue the rebellion has been sustained.by.the unqualified approval of the whole Heratotore...the leaders olthis smnsairacv have proteuea 'to regard tne people ot tars country as' laminable of making' 'a forcible resistance" to rebellion. The error of this conclusion is 'now being made manifest. History will record that men who, in ordinary times, were devoted solely to the arts of peace, were yet ready, on the instant, to rush to arms in defence of their rights, when assailed. - At the present moment, the Govern ment presents the striking anomaly of being em barrassed by the generous outpouring of volunteers to Sustain its action. Instead of laboring under the difficulty of monarchical governments, the want of men to All its armies, (which, in other countries, has compelled a resort to forced oon soriptions,) one of its main difficulties is to keep down the proportions of the army, and to prevent it from swelling beyond the actual foroo required. The commanding officers of the regiments in the volunteer service, both for the three months' ser vice and for the war, have, in many instances, not yet furnished the department with the muster rolls of their regiments; For the want of these returns, it is impossible to present as accurate an enume ration of the volunteer force accepted and in the field as could be desired. Under the proclamation issued by you on the 15th of April last, the Gover nors of different States were oatled upon to detach from the militia under their oommand!a certain quota, to serve as infantry or riflemen, for the pe riod of three months, unless sooner discharged. The call so made amounted is the aggregate to ninety-four regiments, making 73,391 officers and men. Of the States called npon; the Governors of Virginia, North Carolina, -Tennessee, .Arkansas, - Kentucky, and : Missouri peremptorily refueled to comply with the requirements made by the depart ment. All.the other States promptly furnished the number required of them, except Maryland, whose Governor, tpongh" manifesting entire readineis to comply; - was prevented frem so 'doing" by the out break at Baltimore. .. • .! ' • • . In the States of Virginia ,, Delaware, and Mk: notwithstandle'g the vtal*" refusal . of Ui it .exeoutive'officers to cooperate with the Govern ,ment,-patrlotic citizens voluntarily united together, and organized regiments for the. Government tier 'vice • Delaware and Virginia - furnished each a .regiment; both of .whioh are :On duty in .the In a.similar patriotio. spirit, the loyal ; people of 'Missouri raisada fores of 11,445 - cilioera and men, 4:Staking, in round - numbers, tvielio organized regiments, to sustain the Government and to put down rebellion in that State. .And so,- also, the 'offline of the District of 'emulating these honorable examples, furnished 'no less than 2 823, officers- and_ moo, ; making .four full 1, regiment's, all of which are yet on the,Seld, doing witty, and effieient eervioe.' Thila,"notwithstanding :the refusal of, disloyal Governors .to'reapond, the .Government, instead of having been furnished with ' "only the' ntuitber of troopS. palled for under your 'proclamation Of the I.sth Aprillest, hai received,; and has now in service, under that call, in round numbers, at least eighty . thousand. , .. Under your second .proolamation, of ,the 4th • May last, calling for . volunteers to serve during; the,wer;.there have been accepted up to this date, .205 ,regimenti. A number of other regiments' have been - aeoepted, but an onUdition of being ready.to be mustered Into the service within a epe-. .aided time, the, limitation of whioh /mai in. souse I:titaness, not expired. It Is, not possible to etato how many of "these may be readi . before the Meet ing of Congress. Of the regiments sioePted; . all are 'infantry and ; riflemen, with- the exoeption of two *battalions of.artillery and, four. regiments of 'cavalry: A number 'regiments mustered ;as infantry, - have, 5 however,‘; attached to them one or more.artiliery companies, and there ale also some regimenta partly made up of companies of naval ky.:' Of the 208 reatmenta aosepted for three years, there; are now 153 in active Berries.; and tbe re _maining 55 are mostly ready, andr all of them will: 'be' in the field within the next tweity . tlays. i The total force now in the field may he computed! ; mg follows: ' • • Regulars and volunteer's for tame months and ' ; for the war 2,1 . 8;000. -Add to this 65' regiments of volunteers for the war, accepted and w.t • let to rvtoe... &tow. , Add new regimezta of regular Total force now at coinm.nd of Government-...... 310.100 Deduct the three months' volunteers.... 8U.U09 Force for service attar the withdrawal of the • three.utonths' - 2.30.00 • It thtii be•peroeived that after the discharge of. the , three•monthe troops ,there,will still be an available foroe of veditnteara amounting to 188 000, which; added to the register army, wilt constitute ..a . totel..foro6 0f.230,000 officers and men. It will ' be.for Congress to determine .whether this army snail: at this tiree;'be fnoreaeed" , Yy the addition - of a still larger volunteer-forte. - • The extraordinary exigencies which have called this great army into being have; tendered. noes. 'glary; alio; e very considerable augmentation of the reviler arm'of the service. The demoralisation of the regular army, canted by the :treasonabie coon cleat of manyof its commanding officers, the die. tent poets at which the greater pirt of the troopi • were stationed, and the unexampled rapidity •of the spread of the rebellion, convinced.those high in command in the service, as well as this depart •ment; that en increase 'cif - the regular array was -indispensable: The subject was , •atroordiugiy brought to your attention,-_ and, after a eareful eiamiriation,,an inoieitie was authorised by your pro:lmitation issued on'the 4th' May last. • ' •!•• • •This increase cenobite of one regiment of cavalry Af.twelve companies, numbering, in the maximum Aggregate, 1.189 offieers and men; one regiment of -artillery of twelve' haiteries, 'of" slx 'pieces eiso'h, Attimbering. in the maximum aggregate, 14909 Oil „tiers and men; Rine regiments of infantry, etch - regiment containing three battalions of eight °im planter) eaoh, nnmbering, in the maximum - iggre. fun ate reas 2 0 45 0 2 f gi fi f:n er t s ri all ot 221108 molialkoeinrianadmmaezinm.um In :the end/if:neat-of the-idditional regiments of , the regulisr!'army; sittitild:,inioni mend tbat.the term of.enlistment be made -three years,' to correspond with the -call of •May,4th for volenteera; and that to all who shall receive an honorable discharge at the close of their term of eervioe, a bounty of one hundred. dollars shall be given. The mounted troops of the old army consist of five regiments, with a maximum - aggregate of 4,460 men. Not more then one fourth of these troops are available for service at the seat of war; • At least two regiments of artillery are unavaila ble, being stationed on the western coast and: id the Florida forts • The increase of infantry is comparatively ,large, but this arm of the service is that which the Geaeral•in.Ohief reoommended as being most efrioient. The organization of the increased force, it will be noticed, Is different from that of the old army. This question was folly considered by officers of the army connected with this department, and after much deliberation it was concluded to adopt the French regimental system of three „battalions to a regiment. Esoh battalion Is commended by a inejir, with a colonel end lieutenant colonel for the general command of the regiment. This, it Is believed, is the best organization now existing Thai:limber of- field officers is lees than under the old .plan i and,, therefore, much lees expensive. Whether ibis organisation may not advantageously be extended to tee old army, after ; the . passage of a lair providing for a retired list,- is a.question which may properly engage the attention .Of Congress. t • In making the selections of officers for the new regimen* two courses only seemed to be open— viz : to make the appointments front the regular . Service, by seniority or by selection. The first appeared, liable to the grave objiclion that old and, in Some instances, inefficient men would be promoted to places which ought to be filled by younger and more vigorous . offieers., The second was liable to the objection that favoritiem might piejudio&the elaims of worthy officers. After the (Omit oonsideration, it was determined, under the advioe of the Genersl in -Chief, to ap ,point one half of.thern from the reguler.army and dm ; ottieg hair from civil llfe. appointed. es regimental, oommanders i , all, except .one, are .either graddites-of 4ifeitZPoins•oxhave, before served with'distinotion - in the field; and of, the lieutenant•oolonele, majors, captains,and first lieutenants, a large proportion have been taken from. the regular army and the volunteers , now in service, while ,the second lieutenants have been mainly created by the promotion of meritorious sergeants trent the regular service In view'of the urgent necessity of the case, these preliminary steps to the augmentation of the regu lar service have been taken, and it now remains for Congress, ebottid it eanotion what has been (tom menced,.to complete the work by snob legis:ation as the subjeot May require.. A similar 'acreage of tbe array, under like oirountstancee, wan made in 1812. At the close elf the war, the force in service being found too large and too oostly for a peace es-, tablishment, a reduction was ordered to be made, under the supervision of a board of offioera;Spe oMllY organized for the purpose. At the oboe of the present struggle, the reduction of ;the piesent force may be accomplished in like manner, it found then to be larger than the public necessities re. quire In making any snob reduction, however, a just regard to the - public Interests would impera tively require that a fortis amply soffieient to pro tect alt the publicproperty, wherever it may be found, should, be retained.. • ,Wes I cannot forbear to 'speak favorably of the volun teer system. sat:a sabetitizte for a cumbrous and dangerous standiOX It. has, heretofore. by many.been deemed, unreliable and Inefficient in a sudden" emergency'; but actual foots have proved the contrary. .If it be urged that - the enemies of order have gained some slight advantages at re.: mote points, by reason of the absenoe of a suffi cient regular force, the unexampled rapidity of concentration of volunteers already witnessed is an ample refutation of the argument. A Govern ment whose every citizen stands ready to march to Its defence can never be overthrown ; for none is so strong as that whose foundations .reakinteno 'ably. in 'the hearts of the people. The speotaole of more than a quarter of it toll lion of citizens rushing to the field in defence of the Constitution must, ever take ran k among the 'most 'extraordinary facts of history. Its interest is 'vastly heightened by the lavish outpouring, from Buttes and individuals, of voluntary oontri. buttons of money, reaching'an aggregate thus far of more than ten millions of dollars. Bata few weeks since the men composing this great arn y were pursuing the avocations of peace. They gathered from thelarm; from the workshop, from the factory; front the mine. The minister came .from his pulpit, the merchant from his counting. room, the professor and student from the college, the teacher and-.pupil froth the common schools Young men of fortune left luxurious homes for the tent and theaamp. Native and foreign-horn alike came forward with a kindred enthusiasm. That a well-disolplioed, homogeneous, and efficient force should be formed out of snob • seemingly heterogeneous mass appears almost incredible. Bat what is tbe actual foot? • 'Experienced men, who lave Itad ample opportunity to familiarise 'themselves with the condition of Ectiopean armies. concede that, in point of perionnei, this patriot army is tally equal to the finest regular troops of the Old World. A More intelligent body of men, or one 'equated hY'purer motives, was never before , marshaled in the field. The . calling forth of this large and admirable force in vindication of the Constitution and the laws is in. strict accordance- with a wise prudence 'and economy, and at the same time in perfect bar 'mon), with the uniform prao:ice of the Government. Bat three years ago, when the authority of the nation was oontemptuously defied by the Mormons is Utah, the -only safe policy oonaistent with the -.1- 1 / 4 ,44 7 .44--the Government' was the' prompt em ployment of. such an oversibelining form, for the .suppression of the 'rebellion ae removed alt. 'void bility of failure. It will hardly be credited, how ever, that the following language in relation to that period was penned by John B. Floyd, then.Feere tary of War, and now aotively engaged In leading the rebel forces" ' who have even less to justify their notion than the Mormons : TWO CENTS. • , '. When a small tome was first rent to Yeah, the 'Mor mons attar ked and destro, ed their trains, at d made reed, fora teneral attack neon the oolumn. When a au fficient. power was put on foot to put mimosas bay,nd all aoubt - their bluster and bravado sank Into whispers of terror and submission. Thug movement upon that Territory was demanded be the mural sentiment of the onuntry. was due to a yin dicat on of ,ta woe and Conabtution. and wee amen iai tu demonstrate ihe - power of the Federal Government to ohsrise• insubord nation and• quell rebel! on, how ever formtdabw .from numbers. or position It might Ream to be. Adequate preparations and a prompt ad vance of the army. was an ant of mem, and humanity to •thome deluded people. for it prevented the efluston of blood.'" - The reports of the chiefs of the different bureaus of this department, which ate herewith submitted, present - the estimates of the probable amount of appropriations required, in addition to those al ready made for the year ending June 30, 1860, for the. feroe: now in - the Held, or which has been ac cepted and will be in parolee within • the nett twenty dive, as follows:: •: *- • geartermasteea Departniittit.L:—• _878,289 2'oo 21 hutedeitenoe , 21 27e 78, 60 Ordnance Department T 448.172 OD Pay Department., 68,402 520 08 Adjutant. GeoPtare Department.'.....;--:- • 4"8000 00 Engitmer•Depsrtment.•.,_ • 685.000 00 Topographic:at Ear ineer Department=.. 600.10 na Surgeoc tieneral'e Demtrtment..• —. • 1.271,841 00 incident& and oontingent expenses eifilrar • Departmeo .• 82,300 00 Due etc se whic h have made anyone's for _ ..—.... 10.000 COO 00 Total. The resietanee to the passage of troops through the city of -Baltimore, hastening to the relief of the Federal capital, and the destruction of bridges' of the Wilmington and Baltimore; and the North ern Central railroads, together with the refusal of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Company to transport the Government forces and supplier, In volved the necessity, at an early stage 'of the pre sent troubles, on the part of this Department, to take poasession of so much of the railway lines as was required to fornia conneotion with the States from which troops and supplies were expected. A military route was accordingly opened from Perry. _tills,. on the ChesspeakePky•steamers; to Annapo lis, and thence by railroad - to Waahington. In view of the necessities of the crisis,. Congress, it is not doubted, will juatieg the etepa taken. As the. movements of the United States forces are eolith:lnel. the supervision of railroad and tele graph lines will remain .a necessity to .be met by the department. I would, therefore, recommend the propriety of an appropriation, to be - made by Congress, to be applied, when. the public exigen •ciee demand,to the reconstruction 'and equipment .of railroads, andlor the 'expense: of maintenanoe ,and operating.them, and also for rhe °emote:rotten otaddittonai • telegraph lines and . their appurte nances.' I would also recommend. a epeoialitp propriation: for the reconetinotion of the - hong Bridge across the Potomac, which is now a military The importance of' enforcing the strictest disci pline, where aotive army operations are carried on in the rebellions . States, cannot be too strongly urged. Public confidence is' for the time being destroyed, and the aloe moral distinotions which obtain among men in well-ordered oommunities are • apt to be lost sight of. The-Federal courts being. suspended, grave offences may be com mitted over which, our military courts, as now or ganized, have no authorized jurisdiction. It would teem only consistent with a just regard to the in .terests of the _Government and' the people that .some properly organised military tribunal /limpid :be:empowered 'to • take cognisance of criminal offences, and to punish the offenders when found guilty. Snob a tribunal should not have any idyls - diction when the funotions of the Federal courts are uninterrupted.' I therefore recommend that the sobjsot be referred to the consideration of Congress. -.The aubeistenee of the troops now in the service it a matter of the highest Importance. Rations, proper in quantity and quality, are quite as essen tial to the efflotenoy of an army as valor or disci pline. It is desirable, therefore, that the quantity of rations diatributed to the troops should, as far as possible, be adapted to their previous dietary habits. While it cannot be expected that the luxuries to which many have been aocustomed should be provided by the commnsariat, a jest regard to oomfort and health imposes upon the Government the duty of furnishing sound, health-. fel, and palatable food. A larger proportion of, -vegetables and of fresh meat/Portion . they can be procured, than can now be furniehed. under the army regulations, would undoubtedly diminish the danger of epidemlos among. the troops:* I, therefore, submit the question whether It would not-be expedient for Congress to enlarge the powers of the commissariat, co as to enable it the better to carry into practice the views here sug gested • Ai alt requisitions for camp equipage, for the means of its transportation, and tor euppliee, are made upon' the Quartermaster General's Depart ment, it is • highly essential that every faoility should be afforded its elder for meeting all snob re quisitions-with promptness. At present the powers of that bureau is Itmited:- For instance, It seems very desirable that the troops in the geld should be supplied with water -proof capes and blankets to serve as a protection against the effeote of the'oei- mate Ac the army regulations do not recognize such an item of clothing, and as no discretion has been lodged with the department t , set to the mat ter,' many of the troop", for the lack of this essen tial outfit, have soffered much inconvenience Some of the mates of New England have sent their quotas forward equipped mutt simirably in .this r espect. I would recommend that this subject be commended to Congress for its favorable conside ration. . The sudden large intimate of the army, in 1 111 9 last, induced the Acting Burgeon General to oaG TEEM WEEIMILY PRESS. tam wart:, muse will be sent to "Cowl bars br nsail (per aorta= In shapes,) at -- $9,00 "tree Copies. . _ 15,0 0 Five OS •• Ten "• entl " .." to - one 9 1 0 1 .0 : 0 °° Tir Twenty 0 0 1 901 6 or ov er , (to address of each subeoriber,) each-- 1.9 v Por a Club of Twenty-one or over, we will sent as oxtot copy to tt• letter-up of the Club. Poetrcuseters are netoeited to act as Aient 2 for tat Wtsut Paw. CAL/FORNIA PRESS, beened three time■ a Month, in time for the California Steamers. the attention of this department to the necessity of some modification of the system of organisation Monneoted with the supervision of the by erne and comfort of "the troop! A commission of inquiry and advise was accordingly instituted, with the object of acting in 00-operation with the Medical Bureau. The following gentlemen have consented to serve, without compensation, upon this commis sion`: .Henry M. -Bellows, D. D. ; Prof A D. Bache, LL. D. ; Prof. Je ff ries W man ; Prof. _ Walcott Gibbs, y D ; W. H. Van Baran, M D.; Samuel G. Howe,- M. D. ; It C. Wood, Surgeon U. S. - Armr; George W. Cullum, U. S. Army, and Alexander •E. Shires, U. S Army. They are now,' directing .speoial ingniriert in regard to the careful inspection of remits and en listed men, the best means of guarding and re storing their blaith, and of texturing the general comfort and efficiency of the troops, the proper provision of hospitals, morass, cooks, As. The high character -and well known attainments of these distinguishisd gentlemen afford every atom ranee that they.will bring to bear upon the sub jects of their investigation the ripest teachings of sanitary soienowin its application to the details of military life. The organization of military hospi tals, and the :method of obtaining and regulating whatever appertains to the cure, relief, or care of ,the disabled„ae also the regulations and routine through which the services of patriotic women are rendered available as nurser, was, at• an early period of the present struggle, entrusted to the charge. of Mies D. L. Dix. who volunteered her services, and is now, without remuneration, de voting her whole time to this important subject. The arms and ordnance supplied from our Ms. Bond armories, under-tho able euperintendenoe of the Ordnanoe Bureau, compare most favorably with the very best manufactured for foreign Govern ments. .The celebrated Enfield rifle, se Called, is a trimple copy of the regular arm manufactured for many years at the Springfield armory • .Petivions to the, early part of last year, the Go vernment•had supPly .. .of..arms and trilbitions of werstiftioient for iny.emergeney ; hut, thiough the ,bad ; faith of those entrusted with their guardian -ship,- they- were ,takam,frorn_ their proper deposito ries, and distributed through portfons of - the country expected to take part in the contemplated rebellion. In.consequenoe cf, the serious loss thus sustained, there was available, at the commence ment of the outbreek, a much lass supply than usual of ell kinds. But through the semi and acti vity of the Ordnance Bureau, the embarrass ment thus created has been in 'a great measure overcome. Ae the capacity , of the Governioent ar mories was not equal to the supply needed, even af ter having doubled the force at the Springfield Ar mory, the department found it absolutely neoes sary to procure arms to some extent from private manufaeturers. It is believed that from these sources they can be obtained equal in quality and not much higher in coat than those made in the na tional workshops. It would, therefore, appear a wlse.policy on the part of tho Government to en courage domestio industry, by supplying our troops in part from. orivate factories of our own country, instead of making purchases from abroad. As rifled cannon are, in point of effectiveness, far superior to smooth-bored, arrangements have been made to rifle a large portion of the guns on hand,.and thirwork is stilt in program. Some patriotic Amerioau citizens resident in Enrooe, fearing that the country might not have a aufiloientarapply, purchased on their own respon sibility, through co operation with the United States ministers to Eogland and Prance, a num ber of improved airman and muskets; and, at your instance, this department accepted the drafts drawn to defray the outlay thus assumed. A perfect battery of six Whitworth 12-pounder rifled cannon, with three thousand rounds of ammuni. tion, the munificent donation of sympathising friends in Europe, has also been received from England. It will be necessary for Congress, either at its approsohing Special or at its next annual amnion, to adopt measures for the reorganh4tion, upon a uniform basis, of the militia of the country. I know of no better source of information on this subject than the • able report of General Henry Knox, the first Secretary of War. who, by his wise forecast and eminent appreciation of the future wants of the country, showed the satire safetY of an implicit reliance upon the popular will for the support of the Government in the mast trying emergency, abundant confirmation of which fact Hi found in the present great rally of the peo ple to the deferme of the Constitution and laws. I have already adverted to the superior manner in whioh some of the New Eogland regiments, now in service, are equipped. This is to be attributed to the Ohtani home organization of the militia in some of those States. Their example is an excel lent one, and cannot fail to have a beneficial client TIMID such States as have not already adopted a like desirable organization. I think it important, also, to recommend a fur ther distribution of improved arms among the militia of the States and Territories. As the re- tarns of the militia are freqnently inacourate, this distribution should be made proportionate to the latest census returns of free white male inhabi tants capable al .bearing arms. The large dlr. ffectiol, at the present Miabl, of United States army officers, has excited the most profound astonishment, and naturally provokes inquiry as to its clause. Bat for this startling de• faction, the rebellion never could have assumed formidable proportions. The mere accident of birth in .a particular section, or the influence of a belief in particular political theories, furnish no satisfaotory explanation of this remarkable fact. The majority of these officers solicited and chose in ad a military eduoation at the hands of 'he Government—a .mark of epeeist favor, oonferred by the lewa of Congreas to only one in seventy thousand inhabitants. At the National Military - Academy they ware received, and treated as . _the adopted children of the Republis. By the realism relations thus established, they virtually became bound. by more than ordinary obligations of honor, to remain faithful to their flag. The question may be asked,tn view of the extraordinary treachery displayed, whether its piomoting cause may not be traced to a radical defect in the system of ecia station itself? As a step preliminary to the consideration of this question, I would direct attention to the report, herewith submitted, of the Board of Visitors to the West Point Military Academy. The supplemen tary report makes a special reference to the s tem of discipline, which, it appears from faota ob tained upon investigation, ignores, practically, the essential distinction between acts wrong in them selves, and nets wrong because prohibited by spe cial regulation.. The report stateis that no diffe rence Is made in the penalties affixed as punish ments for either class of offences. It is argued with reason that snob a system is directly calcu lated to confound in the mind of the pupil the distinotfons between right and wrong, end to sub stitute, in the decision of grave moral questions, habit for conscience. I earnestly trust mat Con gress will early address itself to a thorough erstai. nation of the system of education and discipline adopted in this important school, and, if detects are found to eirliet that it will provide a remedy with the least possible delay. The }resent exigencies of the public service have necessarily imposed upon this eepatiment a vita increase of responsibility and labor. To tacit tate its.proper administration, I would reoomme d the passage of a law by Congress authorizing the ap pointment of an Assistant Secretary of W. r, and the requisite additional appropriation for the em ployment of an lne , eased clerical force. In concluding this report, I deem it proper to express my deep indebtedness to the veteran Geoe 'rat in Chief of the army, for the constant and self sioriliolng devotion to tee public service exhibited by him in this grave crisis ; and also to the chiefs .of the different buteans of this department, for the able and efficient manner in which they have at ail times , aided me in the discharge of my official duties. I have the honor to be, with high regard, your obedient servant, Siwos CaIIBRON, nem etary of War. To the President of the United States. 189,935.83 i 79 Report of the Secretary of the Treasary. .TRIASDRY DAPARTMENT, July 5, 1881. The Sebretary of the Treasury is required by law to prepare and lay before Congress st the oom menoement of every session, a retort on the sub ject of Finance, containing estimates of the public revenue and the public expenditures and plane for improving and increasing the revenue This drity, *lifer' important and responsible, is now render , d doubly Important and responsible by the peculiar oircumatances under which the present session of Congress is held. Avast conspiracy against the Union of the States and the very exi.tenoe of the National Govern ment, which has been'gstbering strength and pre paring hostilities in secret for many years, has at length. broken Out into fisgrant violence, and has assumed proportions so serious that an extraordi nary exertion of the public force, creating extra ordinary .demands upon the public resources. is required ter its speedy and oorop'ete dinsortfi tire and ruppresnion. in the judgment of the Secretary, the olearest underatatatt g of the actual condition of the public finsatemr, and of the measerti de manded by its exigencies, will be obtained by considerirg the whole subject under the following general beads: First. The balance artaing frem the receipts and expenditures of the fiscal year 1861, ending on the . 30•11 of June. Second. The demands upon the Treseury arising =icier the existing appropriation; and crested by the new year 1882, exigencies for whieh provision is to be made during u the Attie year .Third. The best ways of providing for these de mands, and the means available for that purpose_ Asto the drat and second branches, the neon ary shows an aggregate of appropriations alrtady made of $17,710,870'08 Be proaeeds: The additional estimate herewith imbmitted for the service of the Meal year, ending Jane 30, 1861, including the deficiency canted by the applioallon of $6 298,859 96 to the service of the preceding year, will require additional appto 'priatlone. Firths civil list, foreign intercourse, and mit oehantous objects $B3l 4911 90 For the Interior Depariment, 431 525 77 For the War Department 185,296 397 19 For the Navy Department 39 899.520 29 Making an aggregate of $217,189,680 IS In addition to these demands upon the Treasu ry. it will be necessary to provide for the redemp tion of treasury notes due and maturing to the amount of *12.638.061 64, and for the payment of the interest on the public debt to be created during the year, which, computed for the average of etx months, may be estimated at $9 000 000. After further figuree, the Secretary say, the whole amotint rtgaited for the fiscal year 1862 may, therefore, be stated at $318,519 58187. It will be seen that, In the foregoing oath/Atte, no provision for the interest on the existing public: debt speoilloally. appears. The omission is only 'apparent, the estimate for that intercom bean. In„ eluded in the sum of nearly $66,000,000 already appropriated for the year 1862. On th e third branch. via the.waye and means, the Secretary says: To provide the large some re quired for ordinary expenditure, and oy toe ex feting emergency, it Is quite apparent that the 'duties on imports, the Chief resource for ordinary disbursements, will not •be adequate. The defi ciencies of, the revenue, whether from imports os other sources, must necesiarily be supplied from loans; and the problem to be solved is that of io
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