■ : -7 - f0*ll» »D'iLT»'S3tO» p « a B) dffloo; xo.:-M .. fojßtftefeilbeifg ouVdf tie 6lty*t BixDolla** J** AimuMj Foim%_l)oiiLA»s v won Bids* Hoimtt'] Tn Wnm Puna trill be aelit to Bobiwrltori , r tana (paranntun r in4blTince 1 )&t*..... AV.V*VB2OO, thnt 3 v ..tf •Mk'W; 00 ?iTe:Odple», <« i. 8 00; Idn'OoplM, 4 .*«.,»» ; yj 00 W'tt-il 80 00 Twenty; Coplee.-or ot*&‘ <* (to*ddr«tt of.eeah - MtaorLb«r,>etch.;.V...VViiVV*;iv« .yv-120 ' for •‘Gleb of Twenty-onfejorjares,' wA 1 will tend na] •Xtmcopyto ihegetter-bpbftfe.eOluD.l' ‘r ■« I£7? Poetmurters ere requested to sotee Agent* for ThhWl*XLr ! '? •C?v- , -.?j «>■ , '-/• *--X'-.c^lFO^lA'pKl^r " ; ;;. iMat! to" tin^e„ /or, .the.. California flteanjer*../>. -'■ ' t ; ‘\' ({ ;."v ,>,, ‘.,*,s i ;®%Ppp|PiS r t fr . TUESDAY* DjE^ Fellow*citizens of the Senate, aris , BeprestSitaMit: ■'-‘-r '-. When we gomp apa the condition df.thojjpnntry: J pVesentda^Mi it ago,' at tHo. meeting of OdnjneM^waiJtAT^&wß&ceaeoh oar roli«f,;ot the .mqH.qtlUoilJ|«rioiB,-iifio»r!iiiitVry..WpneV3rear njgo,:the sectional;strife .betw*etv>tbe'btorth i and. fthe South on the; daDgereus’SUbiMt of-slavery,’ hadag&Sn: baattma Hit<>iiw' !ii > W ifire'&tori : tho' boCSe and ■’ peppe tqUytof,'the YOohfed eftoy.; Tho asa'Stato .Into, agitatiop,’ andbronghtibe Vfhole/Rnbjoct; ©nco more before’ Congress. It wns.tho deslro of everypatriot that iSuoh-ineasnrtß/oMtigleHtion, roightbeadopted as ■wonldremovo theeacltetterit From .ibo States,'and oonfinO.lt. totbeTefritoryiWh'ere'it legitimately , belonged: Mach' hat be'enV'donc/I oin'liappy to «47j;wn »tdi thirj'oHeo}. .dunng.ttf ? IMbA O «W“P^PBtM3,:} s [ iThe Supreme-; Court of.thecUnlfed had . prorioualydeolded that aliutmerioan oitisens have aneqnal righYtOctakeiptothC' Territories what-, •ever isheldJti hroporly-t»nder.th«f lawt bf'nay'Of • the StateSi'ahd'tohold "phoßd pfaerty thereuhddr tho guardianship or.the/Fedeial.Constitution, so ■ long .a s Uie.TiiirriJorralhpiidtUoa shall remain., . ‘ ndw aTjell-jes^bliibed,position, add the . proceedings of tho last sessionweraalone.wanting to givodt practical effect.-, Thoprlneiplo hsabeen recognised, dnnome'' forth hr otnerrby’ati'Brnßit , tjnaolmous vqjppfbolb'Hdttßes of Coperen,' thah’a* Territory hit a right tooome fhtd the.Unßn elther as .a ahJorltyTbf tte peolple, .Thejust equality of all, the Statrs has,thuß beßn ( yii)dic : eteflij»?(l.a fruitful source of' dangerous ' dissension ’ainong'them'has beeh'Timdved.'XP ;f*4->** v-t-'Tpt* 4 f lendenoy-of :yoohdogi*latirs.proi!?6diDgs.imtildo .ofKansai, tholr.inuueooe'.-.has nowhere ..been-Bo .happy aa within; that Territory ltaelf.,-.:Lef t'to manage and controllts own affairgin Its own way .without the •oressnrd' of external 'influence, the reyoltitlonary Topeka’ ofga'nlialiejt, 'ahdfall • r feti>tan6V;‘'R' , .ißo Territorial' BovernmenteatabllShiisr,by '.Congress; liave Vedn inilly aJtiSojhwtVr'A^i > , sequence,,: that;, fine •jrerritoiy.'npqr appe'ara Ji to',l)d : tranquil and,prosperous, andfo attraettnganoreas ■ ing tfiousandsof immigrants to make it their Uppy home. ft?'r; '-r'-'ity .*l;h )-> .“^(Cw-vT ; The peat unfortunate ekperlence.df.Kafisaa'lias • enforced the.lesson.so’often already ’taught/'that ; resistance ’to iawfhl anthbrlty, nndhr.ohr.form.pf ’ ghvernmeptfoannot fall, in :thopnd,'tq'prove'dl«- qstrjui to ltoauthors.Haditbe, people fit Tort VlUory,yieldedobedioopetotho.lawaeaaeted:by .iheitliegisiatuiOjitwould at tbepresent moment haTe cOatalned aiUrge fulditionai population of • Industries* and! ehlorptlalß'g oltlxenil.'Who have ’• beon dethrrOd'fKnh entering its borders bV tho’ox •ißtendt of otfil’ltrlfe "tittdiorgihiied , t . 1. Itwaa'thereliptanqe aathorttyi.'ahd ,tho,poi%iybrlEtig attempta.tb eitabUßharevolqtiona-. ry gOTernmoat, l under ..the Topeka Conjtitntionj <.which eatptod the people of rKanatu to 'oommitr.the Save error of refusing to vote dor delogates to the nventlontofirame. a* Conatilutioh; antler, dtlaw , not donibd to bo falr, and joat dn iU provisioni. ThU refusal to ; vote haa boah-the prolUo aonrOe' of rail the ovils whioh bave followed.' In thoir hos ttlity ta the Territorial Gover’nmont.' they dlsre , '■gafd*atho;'hrlpo(plo;‘ab9bldt«ly' :: eMohtlhl;,t9.'-the JW’qrklqgofqar.fqrjnqf'gbVorment.thht'atiiiijoil ty'br'thoss.whoyotej-thot.thb' ® W, .remeiq at nomel from: phatever.oauaa—muataeoldo *tborOßultof;an. eleatton,'. vthis .nuon,deoek - ing lo tako adrantage of their own error, they de nled the.authority of tho Convontion'thna elected to frame a Conatit nUOp... r ■?to• r i f. stthrtr-ij; j i .The Convention,.notwithstanding^proceeded to - adopt a Constitution unexceptionable, ih its gono rai fokturos,-mid.providing for ther stiblniMion of . . the slaxery question to a vote of tho people, which, ;in 'my opinion ! th'*y .worh' bonhdd(i dbj Uhiler l 'tho ‘ 1 1 afneA frora. e'xelroirfpg/ th‘eix*^jigW;t^ 5 y6l« t ;atj , d : pteftried that alayery sfionld conuniie’iaU?er-;thaii rarrender their revolutionairy -TdpelEanbrgaQisa won. -- -’r .'X"!?.' j.,Vs s> , v i‘4 *, r'J J ; ~j A wiser and ? bettar ? epirit.geeineil to prevail he* ' fore. .the", first r Monday qT.Janunry'laet, 'when,, an .elebUph wu held n‘ndei\ the A ma jority of, the peoplo Uibu yotod for.a Goveraor s ajQd other State offioerty fora inember of Congress,and members of -the,, St ate Legist ature This .election ' was 1 in Kansas,.and agreateri.vbteiwaa.polled uTaqlat any previons eleotion/oA of'.the members to that ! party wMohhad: preripiudy to, Tq|n. The . antl-slayery party r , were \ thus ;plnoed l)f in as* . oendaQt,.and the politloal power of the State was ■ in their own hands; - Had Kftii-l eafflnto'theyphion under;,theilieobmpton^ConstitU'; - tlohe’tbo' l.egislatnro 4on,”haTe sabm!tied}theoneBtioii to of the' • peopje*-whether) they.wouidlor' wbald not have n Convention to amohd thWr ConstUdtion'efther on r, the slavery: pr t any, other qaestion, and have adopt *‘/ed all neqessary^means/or.'giving epeedy-effeot to : the will or'the,majority.-.Thus the Kansas quos tion, would have been immediately and finally set* tied. * Under these,oiroomstttnoe»,rltsiihmltt©d to Con-> gross the Constitution thus ftimefirwith all the officers already", eleoted necessary to put the 1 State) Qoy eH mon t>' in tel ibperatioh,i 'accompanied by a strong' recammendation.dh favor of the ad-.s mission of Kansas as Jn tho coarse of my. long pn6l!o life X hive never performed any offiolal.pot which) in theT^roTrospoct, has-afforded me••toore^heomelt r ’satisfabt{bn; J ' : : Its'’admission 1 oould haye>snfi(oted~na pcBsihle injury on any huamuf being, whilst It > reswftd peaoe to Kansas and harmony, v to tho TTnion'.^;ln : thaV'event,. the .elave'ry ques-l tlon v wohld‘erejnish'ave r heeok,finally. cordlng to .thQ -iegally.exhressbd mil ; of. a Ma jority of tho voters, and .popuUri,* sovereignty, would thus hate been cOnstltu-i tiohai manner*;;' .1 * -'"•Withniy deep have’ parsue’d no .ttiaf,;‘osrtm I, had opinion, ho ford and dnlrlng the'Session of the Convention, in' favor of snbpaUtfng'-the romainingi-clausos of] the' i Constltntion, aeweU as.that conoeming slavery, to' the flOtiDgMn-anofficiahcharaeter,; neitb'ef-inyself nor any human authority had k tbc f tion, and deolafc the had; framed to bo,a, npll Tq have d6nq l tsjs wquldf , have beon a.violatioh of-the ancJ,Nebraska . ti aeCwhlcn Jeft.’the people of, the Terri fcQry,.‘,‘per-^ ■ feotly free to fora and regulate their domestic in-; stitotioss In their own way,- sabisot ohly.'to { ,the; Constitution the United Btatos; ,yt^l«lwdnld; • equally violated.the great prinolpfo'Of'pOjbu-l lar sovereignty; at. the'foutidatldh *df bur IbstTtu-’ , tions,,.tq,deprive the people o? the power* if. they’ . though* proper,to exercise it,of confiding to dele-; . Sates elected bybthemselv.es tho trust of naming a 1 onstitutlOD;-witboat rcqalriDg them to sUbjeotj • theirbonsUtttentstqthetropble/expensejnnddelay ‘ of-'a seeond eteotioftP It-vrould hav“o'bdiri , i ! hoppb-’ sitlon_ to, many precedents iq:.our,"histdry, :com-; . menoihg jh the yory hosthgoqf theKepaoHd,) qf -admisslou < ri of^jTqrritoriea..aB, States, into, .the- preylous > proving theivrConsilthtioin-’sa-v.iJinc' it 'it \ :It is i to benamented that a. question soinsTgnlfi-t eaht bff«o(s on the] .people of Kansas, whether ofihel other; ihodld haVe kindled’shob ah'athe;or:ejcmte-l . mentthroughoot. jh,?l t , This* proveto beolessphof'wlrdomWnd pf warmhgjorj our future guidance; Praotlcally obnslder6d/.the’ • question whether the:perfple!of.that xer-i -ntdry shdnld first oome Into tbcf thenl Ji/oliatige’ tt4lT ptov|fll(mMfa; 'th'eif 'o6n«t!tutlo0 s nil,' X'agrcooWo 'to, thomselve»:or.MeoTnp)lsh: t 6« varv, framing ai&Umgqonstltntlon.ln aooordanoa-' wltJi' .ithair will? Tn cithcr aaee, tho result would ,be precisely,tho satno.Tho only diffcronoo.-ln point of foot til that the object would have bcerf much sooner’, nnd i tha ■pdoiflcattoh of Kansas more speedUy.effeoted hod itbcen admlttOd' as a ; jmmedi-. ~ ate' admission of Kantas, failed tomoetthe appro •, bation of CongroMr They doomed:! t .wiser to adopt a dffferent measure for tho sottlement of the dues-.' tfoir.diFor iOydjtn'paft.’Lshonld have. bMn’Wil-! llng to 1 jield toy. flßßont to almost ;4ny Ob'nsUtd-. Uonalmc'asdroltoaccomplisVthls'qtjßct.’l.lhero-; ifoMheadn^i.iMgnbffl^tq|e^q£;KMsa^tlntOythe: . Union^fUpoh^thedemiTthemKpxeMrtljld^WMii^W^ .the snpport.of liioii pfevloaslygronleditp ’any ; Sta{| ppqn-qh(ei-• Ing the Unioiii l and.aJs.qjth« s alt6rsa%-MoBdm of. - landfor twelVOmiles on qMh Bids’ ottwo railroads,, , propossdto bo.qonBtrnt3tcdfrom,thonorthftrn to: cthddowUlini'boindatyi and Ikdin the eaetern to : deemlng.these .provided,vby’ : fcrred.lbr apeqiial i :’<d®Jtotos, bittool fundamental oopdltlon prMsdan t l’i Hiat a majori-; •' tv-'oftthwpeOpl® thereof, 1 Utah -election to beheld, ■ fdfetSU-WltrSsof’hehentaplnr plaoeof’thovorr t . ibey.Had ,'dS . ;isSaHm¥£WsßßM - 'J thht p4hple L; rof4Kantsil not j deslreitotnlMlcnlato tboUnlon* wlthiSaidlOonitt- i . tution under thedaSaittohsiet forth intald propo ,. ,:sißotli'f',’:>lnStffat'!ovint}i,tlf»;air,authdriSM ? th«! . Constitution and State Govornment for theniselves, tion of said thmtiO of k»priMnUttanßr*tpUmdi for atmember of ’tha: i POSfeWKqfWSifßtaiived'oE.tko Gqngrewt,q£ th* „ Vi a v-.ti'- c*i ?■;«: •t-i ths shall prddeed td : form k Y " OoWal! tiHioii?ahd take all necessary stepß for the establishment of? a-State Btitatlon.”-, vCopßtitatlon shall .bare pics of popular sovereignty ana uon-jmorvention, have left M the mode Unit manner of its Approval or ratification by the people of the proposed State'? to be proscribed by law,* and they ‘•shall •then be ftdmlttha into the Union as a State under such Constitution thus* fairly and legally made, with or without slavery, as said Constitution may. P *l n'll eoli on was ; held throughout Kansas, in. pursuanoe of the proyisions.jof this.aot,.on tho Moond 'day ot. August last, andit resulted in the rejection, by a-, large, majority. .of-tho proposition Submitted to the people by Congress. , This being tho case? they are now authorised to form another Coualilhfcion, )J prepkrfttory r to’admission into the Jjnidn. uutii.their number; as ascertained by a‘ centos, shall or expeod the ratio re quired to elect a member to'the House of Repre sentative*.* f*v*. ; •’ f - ... • .n-t’lfctd*’ not ? probable, s m the present state. of too •a* third dan be lawfully framed ond preßpntod 'fo Cdngreaa by Kansas, be fore 1 pfipulattoh shall have reaobed the desig nated Nor ia it to be,presumed that; af ■ Ur tholr sad experience in resisting the Territorial laws,’‘tody will attempt to adopt,'a Constitution in express .-vioiation-jif.tho -provisions *qf an aot of Congress: .•■the• session ;of 185ft,:muoh.of ithe tlme of Corfgress was occupied on the question -of admitting Kanais.under the Topeka ConStHh f/Againjmearjyfcbe wholooftnelast session was devo.tei toUfe. question of its .admission under jQpnstUlitlo^., ‘Surely It Jr. not’un-1 reasonable to toqulre toVpeople of Kdhlasto wait, before making a third- attempt r untiL thejpwaber tttabelrinh&bitanUehalLamount to ninety-three thousand four hundred and- twenty. Ddring this •btfef period- the hftnhony ; 6Mhb Stated as well as the greaf'biifineH intbrests'of the' country, % do* . mahds that' thepebpleortbe Union* shall not, for ia'third^mo^boepnyulßed^y'another .agitation of itheKansiß question*, By waitiriz for a short time, tafed noting in obedience to law, Kansas will glide -into the Union Without the slightest impediment ’' ‘This excellent provision, which' CoDgresd hate '‘Applied to : Kabsas,ought to be extended and ren: dSSd applicable to anTerritprioa which m&y here: :4ftef seek admission into the tiptop. * v t \ , ;;Whilst Congress posses* the undoubted power of 'admitting a new. State .mto the Union, howeve* smslUmay be the number .of its; inhabitants,-yet •this powerought not,jn T my opinions to be- oxer-: cised before the Population shall amount.to thera-. tibreq<od’by/he dot fortoVadmisaloriof, Kansas; .:Had'rtbis/boea pYeyio‘utly ii to&' 'Tttlerthe bquijtry ;,Vpuld*hhye eBoaped 'all too evils and .misfortunes -to .whioh itbasbeenexpoud by'the Kansas que# ,.*:i Ai!.-.4. v-7< -•- ••; course; it would beunjust to give the< rule a retrospective application, and exclude a* State , whioh, actingupon'thepaatpractice ef the Govern- Constitution; elected its Legislature and 1 otoer'officers, and la. pow pre pared to .the Union.',, ' to be whether we oon-‘ -jnderJts bearing onthe. people of the Territories or ithe.exlsttng States., s .Many;of the serious distensions whioh have prevailed* Id Congress and * throughout the country would have had this-rulO bbeh' ostabllsbOd'ht au earlier period of the Government., f sf thetoriiatloh of r a;iiew Ter- *tS?4, * dlffetoui ;;Statos.‘ ah A from . foreign - couhfcries^rueh; Into 1 iti- fox', the -laudable : pqrpQßOT'bfitjimprovii)g ! ...their,. condition - Their first duty to themselves is .to open and cultivate fannSf to to -establish'. schools, to -'e v Teot ; places of religious worship,' and 1 to devote their energies generally to reolaim the wilderness an'dto Jay Jbejouhdations of a ‘flourishihg-. and prOspetouscbdmohweaUh. - If/.in,this todpleht condition, ; with-a population of a few. thbuaahdj they should prematurely enter the Union, they are oppressed by tbo burden of State taxation; and the means necessary for the improvement-of-tho Ter ritory and'thehdvhnoementof'their own thus diverted to Very differeht purposes. hqa eyer heen a liberal parent to--the’, a generous contri butor tojtnei useful eutprprises oftae early,uttlersi -ltbaStpUduie;expeQseB;Qfrtheir governments and legislativo assemblies’outof the common.treasury; and-thus relieved thefiifrom a heavy ehd/ge.'J Un-i thesu- nothing can "be; better cajouloted to retard'' the!V; materfal progfess than 1 to'divert' them from their tiseful employments, angryr. political. contests among 'themselves, v for c’lbo-i of. asptrlog loadeto4<rXV»s sorely;no nardship for embryo Go-, vernors, Senators, and members of Congress,'to wait until the- number.6f inhabitants 'Shall equal tboso pf a single Congressional district. 4 ‘ They suHlyqtfghfnpfe tebe 1 permittedtorusK’into the! ’Union witn a popul atfon/esa thsh One-half ef ral of the large counties in the interior 'of of the atates. .This was tbUiOondUion of Kausaawhen' i)olta;Confimutloh.r .I;eHTaeB, it,require* some lime toirouder lhe 'a population-oolieoted in a snetaiFe*o£u7Alkali .homogeneous, ; unita: oh^ltoy^nd^a fixed ; Establish; the rule;isd%llwullofik forward to ft and govern themsolves accordingly; . But people of ’the several fitat.es requires that; this;rUlrf should ibe l established by Copgress.v^EechState.is entitled totwo Senators,! ;nnd nt',least vone -Represontative - in Congress.’ Should tke w people of the" fail to elect a Vice President, the:.'_poeer devplvea upou' tbe Senatoto'seledt’this officer from'the 1 two highest candidates on the listj/In case of the death of thV the Jfioe President thus, elected by .the; r.Benato/beoQmes President of the* United .fitates.i >Un?,all questions of?legistation, the Senators-fronf tbo'Smalleat,States of havo un equal; vote with those from the largest. The tome may be said it\ regard totheratifieation of treaties* oedi ? p r f Exedutive'.hppplhtments;;, .Ail tbis hss worked; admirably in praotloeVwhilst it oonforms In prih . ciplawlti, the character «!• a .Government • instilu-, : ted by*sovereign States., I presume no American oitisemwould desire the slightest ohangein the ar rangement. ifitill, is it not unjust and unequal to the existing. States to invest some forty or fifty thousand people oollectedih a Territory with, the attributes of place, them on an, equal footing wUK.Virgibta and Hew .York In the' Son&to of tbeUntted States ? - For these reasons earnestly recommend [ the passage. of. a- gen oral qot* : which shall pro-! .vider .that.. upon ,the. applioation of,ft. Ter- ! ! Legislature/. k deb)oriDg ~their belief,that, 4ne a .number of inhabit tanls if int& .State,would; entitle them; to elect a momber of Congress, it shall bethe duty' -of Hhe'•‘P'rct!dept to’cause a centos 6f the inhabf-; tants to be takenV and if found sufficient,''then by , the terms of this act fb authorise them toproooed “ih tbeir owh'way|' to fr’ame a State ’Constitution; preparatory.'to admission' Into toe Union. ' I also, reebtataend that r au appropriation ‘haiay be made, to' ehable th to take/a census of tho " . ' The preaeat condition of the Territory of Utah, .when contrasted with wh&t it was ono; year ago, iaa. subjeot.for congratulation. -It was then in a state of' opea rebelTidb. andi 'oosfc what it might,. the ebaraotof of the Government required that* this rebellion should befeappreesed, and the Mor-; mons' cbmp'oiredtoylelA, <Jbedlohce;td the Consti- 1 tution and tbela'Ws:^Th'order to accomplish this' nbject. as I informed you in' my last annual mes-! sage,'l appbifited Anew Gcveroor instead of Brig-. ham Toiing/and other Federal offioers to take tho place'ef; those' who," cphsuUing their personal safety,' had. found'it nopessary, to.withdraw from JheYerrltory. protect these civil officers, and to' ald: ; them, a 3 a posse comitatus, in tho execu tion ef tho laws in oose/of- need, I ordered a do tacbmonfc oftßo army to:aocompany them to Utah. for,adoptlng.these measure* is now . c - -** o Oflihe Xsth-Beptember l ’lB67,'Goveraor Young Issuedhts proclamatioojin the htyle of aninde pond&ft sovereign,'ftnnouriciug his purpose to re sist by force of arms the entry of the United States troops into our own Territory of Utah. By this, he required*!! the forces in the Territory to “ hold .tbemselvesin readiness to* march. at a moment’s noticetorepel anjrand r a!l such invasion,” and 'established mur t i aV 1 1 aw frota its ’'date- throughout the Territory.' These proved 16 faenoSdtt threats. Forts Bridget and Supply.wero vaoated and burnt down by tho Mormons, to deprive* our troops of a, .shelter, after their, long and fatiguing march.' Orders 1 Word' ‘lssued byTDanlel/H, . wells, styling himself “Lieutenant 7 Nauvoo Legion,”! io-‘stampede-tho animals of the' United l States' troops on thefr set fire to their trains, to! burn'the grief andtne wholeconntry before them,: and on their flanks, to keep them from sleeping by night surprises, and to blockade the. road by foil- ; ingtreesVand the fords of rivers/Ac.,! Aor, Ao.'' V \“i r — % ; -5 < -- ' r ' ‘ r; -These ‘‘order* were promptly" and effectually; obeyed. Op the 4tb.Ootober, 1857, th'e’ Mormons; T csjtfircd htid s burned onf Gro'6n' river three' of our? /apply grains,,,consisting. ,of seventy-five .wagons; Joacjed with provisions npd ients for the army, and; carried away several hundred animals.' This di-j iminished ihe:supply of provisions so materially' dliat General Johnston was obliged to reduce tho ration, and evon with this precaution,' there was only sufficient left to slihslst the troops until the ‘ " * < T*Ourllttle army admirably in their on* damp&dnt at Fort Bridge?/ uhder those trying pri- "In; tho ! midstpf tho mountains, in a' artajty} unsettled; and IhhbspltabVo rogtbn, .more ’ flifya milei frbmhome. they passed the .sever* attu inclement .winter without a .raurpmr /They looked forward with oonfidenoe for relief from their country In due season, and in this they were not disappointed. * * - - - Tho Secretary,ofiWar employed all-Ms energies ;tot necessary“suppljes'Aahd-to, military forop tO'Utah as thus tehhlnnto’tko war with* out tho effusion '6f ; bT<s6'd‘.'“ Itthis efforts he was 'effioiently sast&ine'd£by • 06h gresa.- They granted ,appropriafcionB_.auffiolent v to. cover / the defioienoy thus necessarily' created,, and also provided for tfaisitig iwo .regiments of volunteers, “ for the !ptirpose of quelling disturbances in tho Territory of Utah; for theproteotfon of,supply.and emigrant ‘trams, find the suppression : Of Indian hostilities on the frontiers.” Happily,.there was no occasion to call thege.reglmentß Into servloe. If there had beenJT Should have felt sCriOns embarrassment- in them, so gre&t-wasthe number of our br&ve'and patriotio oitizons anxious to serve their .09untryjntbis distant and apparently dangerous expediimh. - * Thus If has ever been, and thus may ’ ' The WlsdCm and economy of sending snffiolent rdtnforoementS to Utah are established not only I by .the event, bat-in the opinion of those, who, ; jfroin,4hfir..position <andfopportunities,. dro the j most Capable of: firming* ft correct judgment. { General Johnston; the v cpmto4nder: of the forces, ’ in addressing the Secretary of War. from Fort I Bridgerj under date of .Ootober.lS, 1Q57, expresses i ihOr.oplpiop that ; J-.,unle»j a. large, force is*sent 1 here,-from {tM nature of, the country,a protraoted ; thsit [the'Mormonsl part is inovithble.” ;• Th!s"h6 ; Considered necessary, to- terminate* the i war si tsJTeedily ond-more- economically . than .if : micit was iny anxious desire that 1 the Mormons should..yMd obedience to the Con stitution and the laws, without rendering it neces ’ {frMlittlty forte;To aid in acbom* I pushing thisbbjeotrl deemed it advisable in April > iast to despatch tirh oltisw* of the United States, Messrs Powell and McCulloch, to Utah- Thoy boro with 4 tbem a proclamation ad* drossed by mysolF to tho inhabitants of Utah, da* .ted on the 6th day of thatmonth, warning theft of .thfivjrue condition, acdhow hopeless it was on their part to persist In robelHori against'tho United Statoß, and offering cdVtfadSe who shoald submit'to {the laws a fall paitltoh for their past seditions and treasons. At the same time. I assured those who. ''should persist in rebellion against the United States, ‘that they must expeet no Further lenity, but look! to be rigorously dealt:,with acoording to.their de.* serfs. , TholnatruotioDS totheeo agents, nswelldsa copy of the proclamation/and their reports,’aro beretvith‘rubinitted. v < It will he seen by their re* .port of tho 3d of, July, last,- that thoy.havo fully oonfirmod tho opinion expressed >y,General John* storiin the previous October,' as to tho necessity of. •sending reinforcements’to Utah. . In-thiß" tboy state that thoy “ aro firmly impressed with tl}o belief that the presenoe ’of the army horo, nnd tbo largo additional ' force ibat'had been ordered ,to /this Territory, were theohief inducements that caused,'the'MormonS'fo abandon the idea of resist ing the’authority of theUnitcd States'; '’ A'lefgde cisive • policy- -would' probably havo resulted in' a long,’bloody, and expensive .war, V These .gentlemen conducted thomrfolvos to my, entire satisfaction/ and rendered Useful uervioejj in cxecutiog. tho hurauno intentions of tho Govern ment. ' • .. .. - , ■ , ! It also affords megteat satisfaction to state that Governor Ontnmiog haS performed his duty in an ;abfe and conciliatory manner, pnd with the-hap piest effect. I oannot, in this connection, refrain from mentioning the valuable torvices of Ooloriel Thomas L -Kane,.'who/from motive# nevolenoe, and,, witboat -any official ohnraoter .bf pecuniary .nompensatton,.visited. Utah 'during the last inclement winUr/fot-the' purpose of contrib uting to the pacification of .the Territory. .- i -i am happy to inform you that the Governor ond other civil officers of Utah aro now performing tholr appropriate fanotions without resistance. Thelauthority. of the Constitution and the laws has’ been fully restored, and,peace prevails throughout tbd Territory. ' ‘ , ! > 1 A portion of. the troops sent-’to Utah aro now encamped in;Cedaryal!ey,,forty*fouq ( miles xsouth wcßtof Salt Lake City;.and. the bean ordored to' Oregon/ to suppress Indian has-! 'l‘-i vj >!•* n -ff j;Jt -r ; i; 'iTho the /.army to Salt. Lake, City, fnrough/the Indian Territory, has bad e powerful effectin'restraining- fhe hOstUd feedings against the United States,’;which .existed-., among the In* dians in that region, apd .in secaringbmigrnnts to' the Far West against their depredations. This wilV also he the means of establishing military, posts and promoting settlemehta along the route. recommend that tbe benefits of oqr land laws and pre-emption system he extended to the people 1 'of* Utah,‘by-the establishment of. a land office rin .that Territory; f \ ; , I nave'occasion, also/to congratulate you on the result of our negotiations with China. . • You were informed by my last annual message,' that pur minister had been instrueted to occupy a neutral position In the hostilities .conducted by Great Britain arid France against Gabion, He ’was,, however,* at the same time,* directed to co operate. cordially.with the British aud Frenoh mlriisters, in aU peaceful measures Wsecure by treaty those; just concessions to foreign commerce! which the nations of the world had a.right to.de mand. It, was Impossible for me. to proceed fur-! ; ther than’ this, oh my own authority, without: iUsurping the war-making power, whioh, under the .Constitution, belongs exclusively to Congress. ; /Besides, after ,a parefal examination of the ha turo arid extent of our grievances, I dtd not be rlieve they : were:of Bu«h a pressing and aggravated oharaoter 03 would hayejUßtified Congress in de ctdring war agairist'the Chinese Empire, without' first makingianother earnest attempt to adjust; them by, I.was the moro inoliried to this opinion, because of tho sovore chastisement whfdh hod thon bnt roooutly been inflicted on .thei Chineso by our squadron, in tho capture and destruction of. tbe Barrier forts, to' avenge an alleged insult to our flag. ■ -The event* has proved the wisdom of our neu*. trality Our minister hns exeouted.his, instruc tions with eminent skill and'ability. In con junction with tho Russian plenipotentiary, he has peacefully, *bnt effeotually, co-operated with tho English'and French'- plenipotentiaries; and each of the four Powers bas concluded a separate treaty, with China,, of a highly satisfactory, character.; Tho treaty oorioTudcd 'by our own plenipotentiary will immediately be ?üboiittQjl to.the Senate. - • 1 . I am happy to announce that, through the ener getic,' yot conciliatory efforts of oar Consul Gene ral .in; Japap,. o new treaty has been concluded •with, that empire, whioh may be expected, materi ally to Augment oo; trade and intercourse In that ■quarter, ' and remove from our‘countrymen the disabilities which have heretofore been imposed upon the; exercise’ of their religion. The treaty .Shall, be-submittedto .the Senate for,approval Without .delay. * ~ , ; '/It'lri my oarHoßt desire that every rnißamler-i standing with the Govern'mOntof Great Britain should be amioably.'and speedily adjusted.- It hßs *Xmostt the period. of v the,Revolution, to have been annoyed by a succession of irritating and dangerous questions, threatening their friendly relations. Thlt has partially provonted the de velopment of those feelings of mutual friendship between tbe people.of the two efiuntries, so natural in themselves end so condnoive to their common • interest. Any'serious interruption of tho com merce between the'United States and Great Bri tain ,would' be equally injurious to-both. ■ Infaofc, no two nations have .ever existed on the face of the earth whioh could do each other so muoh good or so much harm.' ' Entertaining these sentiments, I am gratified to inform you,-that tho long-pending controversy bo .tween’ the .two. Governments, in relation to tho question of. visitation and search, has boon amica bly. adjusted. The' claim oa the part of Grout Britain, forcibly to visit American vessels on the high Seas in time of peace, could not be sustained under tho law.of nations, and it had been over ruled by her own most eminent jurists. Tbis question was recently brought to an issuo, by the repe&ted ftots Of British cruisors, in boariin.' and : searching our merchant vossols in the Gnlf of Mexico and tho adjacent seas. These actswero, .the more injurious and annoying, as thoso waters are traversed by a large portion of the commerce, and navigation of the United States, and their "free unrestricted use is essontial to tho security of the coastwise trade between different States of the Union Such .vexations interruptions could not .fall to exaite the feelings of tbe erran try, and to' require the interposition of tho Government. Remonstrances were addressed; to the 'British Government against these vio , .lotions of our rights of sovereignty, and a naval force was at tho same time ordered to the Cuban waters, with directions “ to proteot all vessels of the United States on the high seas from searoh or detention by the vessels-of-war of any other na tion.” These measures leceived the unqualified, and even enthusiastic,;approbation of.the Ameri can people. Most fortunately, however, rio'colli-' sion took place,’and the'British Government promptly avowed its recognition of tho principles t>f; international law, upon this sabjeot.-as laid down, by tbe Government of tbe United States, In the note .of tho Secretary of State to the British minister' at IVashingtori/of April 10,1858, whioh seonre the vessels of the United States upon the high 'seas from visitation or eearoh in time of peaee, under any circumstances whatever. The claim has been abandoned in a manner refleoting honor on tho British Government, and evinolrg a just regard for the law of nations, and oannot fail to strengthen the amloablo relations botween the two oountries. -• Tbo British Government, at the same timo, pro* posed to the United States that some mode should he adopted, by imltual arrangement between the two countries, of a character which may be found effective without belng offensive, for verifying the nationality of vessels suspected on good grounds of oarry.ing false colors. They have also invited tbe United States to take the initiative, and pro* pose measures for this purpose. Whilst declining to assumo so grave a responsibility, tbe 6ooretary of State has informed the British Government that we are ready, to receive any proposals which thoy may.feel disposed to.offer, having this,object in view, and to oohsider them Id an amicable spirit. A strong opinion*is.’ however, expressed, that the occasional abuse of tbe flag of any nation is an evil far loss .to be depreoated than-would, be /the establishment of any,regulations which might bo incompatible with the freedom of tbe 'seas. This Government has yet received no communication specifying the manner in which the British Gov ernment would propose to oarry out their sugges tion : and lam inclined to boliove that no plan which o&n be .devised will be free from grave em barrassments. Still,’! shall form no decided opin - ion on the subject; until I shall have carefully and in the best spirit examined any proposals whioh they may think proper to mako. < lam truly sorry loannot also inform you that the complications between Great Britain and tho ■United States, orißing oat of the Clayton and Bui* wer treaty of April, 1850, have been finally ad justed. At tbo commencement of your last session I had reason to hope that, emancipating themselves from further unavailing discussions, tbo two Govern* ments would proceed to settle the Central Ameri* can questions in a praotio&l manner, alike honor able und, satisfactory, to.both; and this hope I have not yet abandoned.' In my last annual mes sage, I stated that overtures had been mado by the British Government for this purpose, in a friendly spirit, which I cordially reoiproeated.c Tbeir pro posal was, to withdraw these questions from direct negotiation botween thb two Governments; but to ocoompllsh tho same 6bjoct by a negotiation*be tween ‘the T British Government and {each'of tho whose terrHoriaHn* tereats.aro iminediatelyiovolvod. The settlement WJjstO bejpnde in. accordance, with the .general tenor’of the interpretation placed upon the Olay toMnnd Btilwer treftty'by tne United States, with oortain-inodifiOations.' 1 As negotiations are still pending upon this basis, it would not be proper for me now to communicate their present condition. A Anal settlement ef .these, questions Is greatly to bo desired, and this would wipe out the last re maining subject of dispute between the two coun tries. , Oar relations with tbe great empires of France and Russia, as well ns wyth all other Governments on the continent of Europe, except thatof Spain; contlnuo to be of the most friendly character. ■' With Spain our relations remain in an- un satisfactory condition.. In my message of Dooenir ber last, I informed you that our envoy oxtrapr* dinary and minister.plenipotentiary to Madrid had asked for bis recall; and it was my purpose to send out a new minister to that court, with special instructions on all questions pending be tween the two -Governments, and with a determi nation to* have them speedily and amicably ad justed, If that were possible.' This purpose has been hitherto defeated by causes which I need not enumerate-.. , - >. it, ..The mission to Spain has been intrusted to a distinguished c|iizen of'Eentucky, who will pro ceed* to’ Madrid"‘without delay, and make an otWr:and & final attempt to-obtain juatico from that Government.'? Spanish. officials, under the direct control of the Captain-General, of Cuba, have |n'sulted our. national flag. and,’ in repeated instances, have, from tim’e'to time,infltotoa injuries on the persons and p/operty of our citizens.- These have given birth to, numerous, claims against the ..-Spanish tfoverpinent, tbe merits of wbtoh hayo been fully PHILADELPHIA. TUES 1 . '■ 1 “ Yft .discussed for a Series of yoaM, by oar successive diplomatic fopro'sontalives. Notwithstanding thtgff w.e have not arrived at ft praotioal result In' any single inslanoe, tinier wo may oxoept the pace of the Black Warrior, nnder the late Administration £■' rind that presented'hu outrago of-suoh-ache*' Cotofna would have justified an immediate reßorfc. to war. All out attempts to obtain redress have; been bo[flled and derealod. 1 The fjreqnentbnd oftr recurring changes in tbo Spanish. Ministry hiWe. been employed os reasons for delay Wo have', -beon compellod to wait, ngoiiptynd again, until,tUfc now Minister shall bavo bad timo. to investigate 1 , the justice of our demands. ■ • *. , • i*.fi Even what have been denominated 11 the Cabft& olairii?,” in which morb than d' hundred of-"our; citizonsaTO direotly Interested, have frirnlshouna’ oxoeption. These olaiins were for .tijo refunding of duties unjustly exaetbd fromAmoricari vessels at. different oustom-hotises in Cuba, so long ago a|' tbo year 1814. Tho'principles upon which they, rost are so manifestly .equitable and jhsfc, that af£ teVft period of nearly teu years, in 1851, they wore recognised by the SpanishGavernraont.** ings wore afterwards instituted to ascertain,their, amount,.and .this waa. finally fixed. their.own fetntpinenj; (with which we'wero satisfied! At the stim of one hundred and twontyjeight thou-& sand six hundred and thirty-five dqllargand fifty? four cents. Just at the moment,* after a delay ol fourteen whon.wo had reason to expect that this sum < would be repaid 'with Interest, wo have reoeived a proposal offering to refund that amount, (forty-two tbousand.eighfc b»ndrli§s and seventy-eight dollars (ind forty-onecentgd but without if VojyMld .nofept fare The aceompaniadi.byJi declaration that this indomnlfloAtlphis not founde* oh any reason of, striot jastico, but is made ail? spcotal favor. ’ * *. ] ' Ono alleged causo'fbr procrastination in tho ci-; aminutioD and adjustment of four claims ariftM from ah obstacle, which it is tbo duty of the Sj?a* nish Government to remove. Whilst the Captains General of’Cuba'is invested,with general des-f potio autbbrity : s in ’ the ’government- of that. IsJand. tho power is withheld' from> him to bx-£ amino,, and . redress the wrongs committed >by officials under bis control, en oitizens of the,Unites States. Instead of making our complaints directly to him at Havana, wo are obliged to present them-, through onr ministsr atMadrid. These are then re-? iorred back to the Captain-General for information?’ and much time is thus consumed in-preliminary, investigations and correspondence between Madrid; and'Cuba, before the Spanish' Government;wilt consent, to proceed to negotiation. Many of;the' difficulties between tho two be obviated, and ft longtrainof'negotlationavold-« r . ed, if the Captain-General were invested tborlty to settle, questions of easy solution on,, the*, spot, whore all tbo faotsare fresh, and could b'|| promptly and satisfactorily .'ascertained- We hays hitherto in vain urged upon the Spanish Govern-? ment to confer this power upon,the C&pfcain-Ge-r neral, and our minister to Spain wilt agaiA.be struoted to urge this subject on tboir notice.- f Tn> this respect’ we. occupy a different'position from,'* the Powers of 'Europo. ‘ Cuba is almost sight of bbr shores; 1 our commerco with it is/faji; greater.then that of any other nation, inoluding Spain itself, and our citizens nro in habits of daim and extended personal intercourse with overy par#, of the island., It is, therefore, a great grievance! that, when.any difficulty occurs,.no matter hons unimportant, which might bo readily settled at tb% moment, we should be obliged to resort to*Madrid,J especially when tbo Very first- step to be taketf there is to refer it.back to Cnba.. . jj The truth \ w tha* “ ibn, »** ’ *ne truth is, that Cubn, ip its existing colonial, conditton, is a constant source of injury andan-v rtoyance to the American * yovplo'. ’TV is ihe only? * spot in the oiviliztfd world where tho Affioau| sbiv«*fmlo is .tolvated ;• nod wo are bound by: f tveary ,mh 0 ,- a it Biiuiu to'maintain* a navftu , f«ucn t>i'. tbo a «(>;)>; of Africa, at much expense bolls > of Itlo and treasure,‘‘fcololy Tor.tho'puij)os’o of'arjf resting slavon bound to that island* ‘The late se4 ! rioaa difficulties betweou tho United States and* Great Britain respecting tberightof search, noufr so happily toraifnntpd, oould never have arlsonixl Cubabad not afforded a msrketfor slavers,. As longs os ibis market shall remainopqn, thero can l>e n<& hope for the civilisation’of benighted Whilst the domand for slaves continuto in Gtibtgi wars will be waged among the. petty and b»vba% roue chiefs in Africa, . fotf-the purposo of-seising subjects to supply this trado, In such's condition of affairs, it Is impossibly that the light of oiviliS sation and religion oan ever penetrate tHosa d*re| abodes. , . r, It has beep rondo known to tha.yyorld .t? 7 my? prodeceesors, that tho tTnitod Stines have, juft peveral occasions, endeavored to acquire Cuba Spain by bonorablo negotiation ' If this wore (ftp oompUahcd, the last relio of tho African sl&fjin trade wonld instantly disappear.- Wo would, no if wo could, acquire Cuba in any other raanhefrf This is duo to our nntlonal ,obaraatyr< AUlttmr territory which we have acquired sfneo tho origin/ of-the -Government, has been' by fair pu)‘OQas& .from franco, Spain,.and Mexico, or by the-freM and voluntary act of tho independent StyUu'qFy Texas/in‘blending her destinies wilh our/d#’^ This coursewe rfiki i ~+xh>t rftsjimqtaj nlfisfi stances should oScur, which wo do not now anttci pato, rendering a depariuro from it oloarly jasti liable, under the imperative and overruling law of self preservation. ' • The island of Cuba, from its geographical pcsi lido, oommandfl tbo mouth of the Mississippi, ond tho immense end nnnuoliy-increasiDg trade, fo roign and coastwise, from tbe valley of that nobio rivor, now embracing half tbo sovereign States of tho Upion. With that islnnd under tho dominion of a’distant foreign Power, this trade, of vital im portance to theso States, Is exposed to the danger of being destroyed in time of war, and it has hitherto been subjected to perpetual injury and annoyanoo in timo of peace. Our rotations with Spain, whioh ought to be of tbo most friendly onarector, must always bo placed in jeopardy, whilst the esisting colonial government over the island shall romnin ia Its prosont condition. Whilst tho possession of tho island would bo of vast Importance to tho United States, Its value to Spain is, comparatively, unimportant. Such was the relativo situation of the parties, when tho great Napoleon transferred Louisiana to the Uni ted States. Jealous, ns bo ever was, of tlio na tional honor and interests of Franoo, no person throughout the world ha* imputed blaiuo to him for accepting nT pecuniary equivalent for this oesslon. The publicity whioh has been given to onr former negotiations upon this subjeot, and tbe large ap propriation whioh may be required to. effeot the purpose, render it expedient, before making an other attempt to ronow.the negotiation, that I should lay.'the wholo subject before Congress. This is especially necessary, as it may becomo in dispensable to suocess that I should bo intrusted with, tho ,means of making an advnnoo to the Spanish Government immediately after the sign- Ingof the treaty, without awaiting tho ratification of .it by lh& Senate. lam enoouroged to mako this suggestion by the example of Mr Jefferson previous to the purchase of Louisiana from France; and by that of Mr. Polk in viow of tho acquisition of territory from Mexioo. X refer the whole sub ject to Congress, and commend it to their careful oonslderatfCn. I repeat the recommendation made in my mes sage of Deoembor Inst, in favor of an-appropria tion “ to bo paid to tho Spanish Government for the the purpose of distribution among tbe claimants in Amistad easel” Pf osident Polk first made a simi lar recommendation in December, 1847,.apd It was repeated by my immediate predecossor In Decem ber, 1853 I entertain no doubt that indemnity is fairly due to theso claimants undor our treaty with Spain of 2Jih October, 1795; and whilst demand ing jastico;we ought to do justice. An appropria tion promptly undo for this purpose could not fait to exert a favorable influence on our negotia tions with Spain. Our'position in relation to tho indopendont States south of us on this continent, and especially those within tho limits of North America, is. of a peouliar character. Iho northern boundary of Mexico iscoinoidentwith our own southern boun dary from ocean to ooe&n ; and we must necessa rily fool a deep intoro9t in all that concerns the well-being and tbe fate of so near a neighbor. We havo always cherished the kindest wishes for the sucoessof that republic, and have indulged the hopo that it might at Inst, after all tistriuls. on joy peace and prosperity under a froe and stable government. We have novor hitherto interfered, uireotly or indirectly, with its internal affairs, and it is 'a duly whioh we owe to ourselves, to proteot the Integrity of Its territory against the hostile in terference of any other Power. Our'geographieal position, our dircot interest in all that concerns Mexioo, and our well-settled polioy in regard to tbe North American continent, rendor this an in dispensable duty. Mexico ho r been n con 6 tan f .Flcto cf revolution n1o:o«t « vi's rineo it aohiuved tin independence. One piiliiib'y leader alter another has usurped the Government in rupid succession; and the various constitution*, from time to timo adopted, havobeon set at naught almost os soon as they wero pro claimed. The successive movomenU h&ve&fforded no adequ&to protection, either to Mexican citi zens or foreign residents, against lawless violence. Heretofore, a seizure of tho capital by a military ohloft&in has been generally followed by at least the nominal submission of the country to hie rule for ft brief period, but not so at tho present crisis of Mexican affairs ' A oivil war has beon raging forborne timo throughout the ropubtio, betwoen the Central Government at the city of &loxico, whioh hAS endeavored to subvert tho Constitution last framod, by military power,' and those who maintain tho authority of that Constitution. The antagonist parties etfoh'hold possession of‘different .States of the JUepublio; and T the fortunes of tho war are constantly'Changing. Meanwhile the most reprohon'sible means nave boon employe* by both parties to extort money from foreigners, as well as natives, to oarry oh this ruinous oontost. Tbo truth is, Hint this fine country, blessed with a Sroduotive soil and a benign climate, has boen ro aood by civil dissension to a condition of almost hopolesB‘ anarchy and imbecility. It would be vain for this Government to attempt to onforce payment in money of the olaims of Ainerioan ci tizens, now amounting to more than ten million dollars, against Mexioo, because she is destitute of all pecuniary means to satisfy these demands. Oar late minister was furnished with ample powers and instructions for the adjustment of all pending questions with the Central Government of Mexico, and ho performed his duty with zoat and ability. Tho olaims of our cltizdns, some of them arising out of the violation of an express provision of. tho treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, and others, from gross Injuries to persons as well as property, have remained unredressed and oven unnoticed. ■ Remonstrances against these grievan ces, have been addressed, without effect, to that Government. Meantime, in various parts of the republic, Instances have been numorous of the murder, imprisonment, and plunder of our oi.ti zone, by dinorent parties, olaiming and exercising ft legal jurisdiction ; but tho Centra! Government, although repeatedly urged thereto; have mado no effort either to punish the authors of these out rages, or to proyont their recurrence. No Ameri can oitizeti can now visit Mexico on lawful busi ness without imminent danger to his person and property, Thero is no adequ&to protection to ei ther; and in this respeot our treaty with that re public is almost a dond letter.' This state of affairs wes.brought to a crisis in May last, by the promulgation of a decree levying a contribution prorata upon nil the capita! in the Republio, between certain Bpeoified amounts whether held by Mexicans or foreigners, Mr, (AY. DECEMBER 7, 1858. Forsyth, regarding this dooroe in the light of a << foroed loan,” formally protested against its apt 'plioation to his countrymen, and advised them no to pay the contribution, but to suffer it to be for cibly oxaoted. Aoting upon this advioe, an Ameri can citizen refused to pay tho contribution, and his property was seized by armed men to satisfy the amount. Not content with this, the Government Went still farther, and issued a decree banishing him from the country. Our minister immediately notified thorn that if this decree should ho earned jpto execution, he would feel It to be his duty-to ..adopt “ the most decided measures that belong to the powers and obligations of tho representa tiveoffice.” Notwithstanding this warning, the banishment' was enforced, and Mr. Forsyth promptly announced to the Government the sus pension of the political relations of bis legation With thorn, until the pleasure of his own Govern ment should be ascertained. . This Oovernmont did not regard the contribu tion imposed by the dcoree of the 15th May Jast to ho in strictnoss a ‘‘forcod loan,” and as saoh prohibited by tho tonth nrticlo of tho treaty of, 1520 betwoen > Great Britain and ‘Mexioo, to tho benefits of which' Amcrioan citi zens aro entitled by treaty; yet the imposition >of tbo contribution upon foreigners was considered an-unjust and oppressive measnro. Besides, in denial faotions In other parts of the'Republio wero ;at tho same time levying similar exactions upon ( 'the property of our oltizens, and Interrupting their There had beon an entire failure on 'the part of our minister to secure redress'for the .wrongs whioh our oitizens had endured, notwith standing his persevering efforts. And from tho temper manifested by the Moxioan Government, ho had repeatedly assured us that no favorablo ’ change could bo expeoted until the Unitod Statos should (< give striking ovldonoe of thoirwill and power to proteot their citizens,” and that u severe chastening is the only earthly remedy for our grievances.” From this-statement of faots, it ’would havo been worse than idle to direct Mr. Forsyth to retrace his steps, and resume diplomatic Relations with that Government; and it was, therefore, deemed proper to sanction his with rdrawal of the legation from tho olty of Mexioo. 4.-Abundant oauso now undoubtedly exists for a .resort to hostilities against, the Government still holding possession of the oapital. Should they succeed in subduing the constitutional forces, all reasonable hope will then have expired of a peace ful settlement of our difficulties', 4-Qn the other hand, should the constitutional .party prevail and their authority be established over the Republic, there is reason to hope that I they will bo animated by a less unfriendly spirit, *and may grant that redress to American oittoens whioh justice requires, so far as they may possess the moans. But for this oxpeotation, I should at w onoo have recommended to Congress to grant the .necessary power to the President, to take posses* ' s{on of a sufficient portion of the remote and un settled territory of Mexioo,to be held in pledge ’motil our injuries shall be redressed and our just '.demands be satisfied. We have already exhausted L «very milder means of obtaining jastioe. In ,saoh a case, this remedy of reprisals is recognised iby the law of nations, not only as just in itself, rfcufc as a means of preventing actual war. -r -But there is another view of our relations with ‘i Mexico, arising from the unhappy condition of along our southwestern frontfor, which de mands immediate aotion. In that remote region, ,where there aro bnt few white inhabitants, large jbands of hostile and pred&tory Indians roam S'" romisoudusly ovor the Moxioan States of Ohi uahua and Sonora, and our adjoining territorios. ±The looal Governments of these States are per jfeotiy holplejs, and aro kept in a state of oonstant -alarm by tho Indians. They have not the power, if they po?ses?ed tho will, even to restrain law less Mexicans from passing thebordernndqom fitting depredation j on our remote settlers. A state of au&rohy and violence pravaUs through font that distant frontior. The laws are a dead fetter, and life and proporty are wholly insecure. IPor this reason the settlement of Arizona is ar ifested, whilst it is of great importance that a Schain 6f inhabitants should oxtend all along its Southern berdor, sufficient for their own protection ,£and, that of tho United, States m&il passing to and f California. Well-founded apprehensions are [ In ow entertained, that tho Indians and wandering equally lawless, may break up the import* •ant stage and postal communication recently estab lished betwoea our Atlantlo and Paoifio possessions. This passes very near to the Moxican boundary, .throughout the wbolo length of Arizona. I can imagine no posglblo remedy for these evils, and* [no.modo ofreatoringlaw and order on that remote rnnd unsettled frontier, bnt for the Government of bthe United States to assume a temporary protecto rate over the northern portions of Chihuahua and nnd.to'estftblish military poslswl«hin tho 'same—and this? earnestly recommend to Congress. tTkis protection tony bo withdrawn, as soon ns looal {governments shall bo established in these Mexican ! States,'capable of performing their duties to the . -United States, restraining tho Jawloaa, and preser , tying peace Along Hho bordor. \ --‘I do not doubt that thto mensure will bo viewed equally effectual for the protection of their citi zens on thnfcremole and lawless frontier, as for oitlxens of the United Stales. And in this connection, permit me lo recall your attention to the condition of Arizona. The population of that Territory, numbering, ns is alleged, moro thnn ton thousand souls, nro prnc tic illy without a government, without laws, and without any regular administration of justice. Murder ana other orimes nro committed with im punity. This stato of things calls loudly for re dross; and.l. thereforo, repeat my recommenda tion for tbeostablishmentof a Territorial Govern ment over Arizona. The political condition of the narrow isthmus of Central Amorloa, through Which trunsit routes pass between tho Atlantic nnd Paoifio oceans, pro sonts a subject of doep interest to nil commercial nations. It is over theso transit* that a largo pro portion of the trade and travel between tho Eu» ropean nnd Asiatic continents is destined to pnss. To tho United States theso routes aro of inoalcula bio importance, ns a means of communication be tween tboir Atlantio and Paoifio possessions The now extend throughout seventeen degrees of laiitude.on the Paoifio coast, embracing the im portant Stato'of California and tho flourishing Territories of Orogon and Washington. • All com mercial nations, therefore, havo a deep and direct intorest that these oommuhications shall be ren dered secure from interruption. If an arm of tbo sea, connecting the two oceans, penetrated through Nicaragua and Costa Rica, it could not bo pre tended that these States would have the right to arrest or retard its navigation, to the injury of other nations. The transit by land over this nar row isthmus ocoupies nearly tho saraoposltion. It is a highway in which they themselves havo littlo intcroEt, when compared with the vast interests of tho rort of tbo world Whilst their rights of sovereignty ought to bo rospeoted,it is tho duty of other nations torsquiro that this important pas sage shall not be interrupted by the olvil wars and revolutionary outbreaks whfoh have so fre quently occurred in that region. Tbo stake is too important to bo left at the morcy of rival compa nies, claiming to hold conflicting contraots with Nicaragua. Tho oommeroe of othor nations is not to stand still and await tho adjastmont of such petty controversies. The Govermnentof tho Uni ted States oxpeot no more than this, and ther will not be satisfied with less. They would not, if they oould, dorivo any advantage from the Nicaragua transit, not oomrnon to the rest of tho world. Its neutrality and protection, for the common ueo of all nations, is their only objeob. They havo no ob jection that Nioaragua shall demand nnd reoeive a fair compensation, from the companies and indi viduals who may traverse tho route ; but they in sist that it shall never hereafter bo olosed by an arbitrary dcorco of that Government If disputes arise botweon it and thoso with whom they may have entered intooontraots, these must bo adjusted by some fair tribunal provided for the purpose, nnd the route must net be olosed pending the con troversy. This is our whole policy, and it cannot fail to be accoptablo to other nations ( All these difficulties might be avoidod, if, con sistent with tho good faith of Nioaragua, tho use of this transit oould be thrown open to general competition; providing at tho same time for tho payment of a reasonable rate to the Nioaraguan Government, on passengers and freight. In August, 1852, the Accessory Transit Company made its first interooeanio trip over the Nicaragu an route, and continued in suecessful operation, with great advantage to the public, until tho 18th February, 1850, whon it was olosed, and the grant to this company, as well as its oharter,'was sum marily And arbitrarily revoked by the Govern ment of President R'vas. Previous to this date, however, in 1854, serious disputes concornlng the settlement of thoir accounts bad arisen between tho company and the Government, threatening the interruption of tho routo at any moment. Those tho United StAtes in> vain endeavored to compose. It would he useless to narrate tho va rious proceedings whioh took pl&eo between the parties, up till the lime when tho transit was dis continued. Suffice it to say that, sinoe February, 1850, it has remained olosed, greatly to the pre judice of citizens of tho United States. Sinoe that time the competition has ceased between the rival routes of Panama and Nioaragua, and, in oonsequenco thereof, an unjust and unreasonable amount has been exacted from our oltizens for thoir passage to and from California; A treaty was signed on- the lfith.day of Novem ber. 1857, by tho Secretary 'of State and Minister of Nioaragua, under-the stipulations of whioh the use and.proteotion'of tho transit routo would have been scoured, not only to the-United Sfcatos, but equally to all other nations, flow nnd on what pretexts this treaty has failed to rcoeivo the rati fication of tho Nioaraguan Government will appear by tho papers horewitb communicated from the Stato .Department. Tbo prinoipal objection seomß to have been, to tho provision authorizing tho United States to employ forco to koep the routo open, in orbo Nioaragua should fail to perform her duty In this respoct. From the feebleness ef that republic, its frequent obanges of government, audits constant internal dissensions, this had booomo a most important stipulation, and one essentially neoessary not only for tho security of the route, but for tho safety of Amotican oltizens passing and repassing to and from our Paoifio possessions. Were such a stipu lation embraced in a treaty between tho United States nnd Nioaragua, the knowledgo of this fact would of itself most probably prevent hostile par ties from committing aggressions on tho routo, and render our aotual interference for its protection unnecessary. The Executive Government of this country, in its intercourse with foreign nation*, is limited to the employment of diplomacy alono. When this fails, ibo&n prooeod no furtlior. It cannot legi timately resort to force, without the dircot autho rity of Congress, exoept in resisting and rcpolling hostile nttnoks. It would have no authority to onter the territories of Nicaragua, even to prevent tho destruction of the transit, and protoot the lives and property of onr own oltizens on their pussago. It is truo that, on asuddon emergency of this character, the Precidout would direct any armed forco In tho vicinity to march to thoir ro liof; hut in doing this, ho would not unon his own responsibility. Under thote circumstances, I earnestly reoom morn! to Congress tho passngo of nn oot authorizing the President, under snoh restrictions as they may deem proper, to employ tho land nnd naval forces of the United States in proventing tho transltfrom being obstructed pr olosed by lawless violenoo, and in protecting the lives and property of Ame rican oitizens travelling thereupon, requiring at the same timo that these forcei shall be withdrawn the moment the danger shall havo passed away. Without suoh a provision, our oitizens will bo con stantly exposed to interruption in their progress, and to lawless violenoe. ' A similar nocessity exists for the passage of such an act for the protection of the Panama and Tehu antepec routes. In reference to the Panama route, the United States, by their existing treaty with New Granada, expressly guarantee the neutrality of the Isthmus, “ with tho view that tho free transit from the one to tho other soa may not ho interrupted or em bdrrassod is any future lime while this treaty ex ists.” In regard to the Tohuantepoo route, whioh has been recently opened under the most favorable auspioes, our troaty with Mexlooof the 30th De cember, 1853, seouroß to tho citizens of the United States a right of transit ovor it for thoir persons and merchandise, nnd stipulates that neithor Go vernment shallinterpose any obstacle” there to. It also concedes to the United States the “ right to transport across tho Isthmus, in olosed hags, the mails of the United States not intended for distribution along the line of the communica tion ; also, the effootsof the United States Govern ment and Its citizens whioh may he intended for transit, and not for distribution on tho Isthmus, freo of ouatom-houso or othor ohargeß by the" Mexican Government.” Theso treaty stipulations with New Granada and Mexico, in addition to the considerations ap- Jdicable to the Nioaragua route, seem to require oglslation for tho purpose of oarrying them into effect. The injuries whioh have been inflicted upon our oltizens in Costa Rioa and Nicaragua, during the last two or three years, have received the prompt attention of this Government. Some of 'those in juries wore of tho most aggravated character. The transaction at Virgin Bay iu April, 1856, when a oompany of unarmed Americans, who wore in no way connected with any belligerent oonduot or party were fired upon by the troops of Qosta Rica, and numbers of thorn killed ana wounded, was brought to the knowledge of Congress by my pre decessor soon after its ooourrenoe, and- was also presented to tbo Government of Costa Rioa, for that immediate investigation and redress whioh the nature of the case demanded. .. 4ataiUar course was pursued with reference to other outrages in these countries, soma of whioh were* hardly less aggravated in their obaraoter than the transaction at Virgin Bay. At the time, however, when onr present minister to Nicaragua was appointed, in December, 1857, no redress had beon obtained for any of these wrongs, and ho re ply even had been reoolved to the demands whioh hnd been made by this Government upon that of Oosta Rica, more than a year before. Oar- minister was instructed, therefore, to lose so time in expressing to those Governments the doep regret with whioh the President had wit nessed this inattention to the just olaims of the United States, and in demanding their prompt and satisfactory adjustment. Unless this demand shall be complied with at an early day, it will only remain for this Government to adopt such other measures as may be neoessary, In order to obtain for itself that justloe which it has in vain attempted to secure by peaoeful means from the Governments of Nioaragua and Costa Rioa. While it has shown, end will oontinue to show, the most si&oere regard for the rights and honor of those Ropublios, it cannot permit this regard to bo met by an utter neglect, on their part, of what is‘dap to the Government and oitizens of the Unid Btates. c Against New Granada we have long-standing causes of complaint, arising eat of the unsatisfied claims of our oitizens upon that Republic; and to tbe?e have beon more recently added the outrages committed upon our oltizens at Panama in April, ! 1856. A treaty for the adjustment of these diffi culties was concluded by the Secretary of State and the minister of New Granada, in September; 1857, whioh contained just and acceptable provis ions for that purpose. , This treaty was transmit ted to Bogota, ana was ratified by the Government of New Granada, but with oertaiu amendments. ‘lt was not, howover, returned to this oity until af ter the 01080 of the last session of the Senate. It will be immediately transmitted to that body for tbeir advioe and oonsent f and should this be ob tained, it will romovo all oar existing causes of oompiaint against Now Granada on the subject of claims. ; Questions have arisen between the two Govern; ments as to the right of New Granada to levy a tonnage duty upon the vessels of the United States in its ports of the Isthfcras, and to levy a passen ger tax upon our citizens arriving in that country, whether with a design to remain thore or to pass from ocean to,ocean by the transit route; and al so a tax upon the mail of the United States trans ported ovor tho Panama railroad. The Government of New Gran Ada has been informed that the Uni tod States would consider tbecolleotlon of either of those taxes as an act in violation of the treaty betwoon the two countries,' and os suoh would be .resisted by tho United States. At the same timei we.are prepnred to questions in a spirit of amity and justloe, and'wltu a sibobro do-’ sire to adjust Jfcem in a satisfactory mannor. A negotiation for that purpose has already been com menced. No effort has recently beon made to col lect these taxes, nor is any anticipated under pre sent ciroumstanccs. With the emplro of Brazil our relations are of the most* friendly character. The productions of the two countries, and especially thoso of an agri cultural hature, are suoh ns to invite extensive mutual exchanges A largo quantity of American flour is consumed in Brazil; whilst moro than treble the amount in valuo of Brazilian coffoo is consumod in the United States. Whilst this is the case, a heavy'duty has beon loviod, until very re cently, upon tbo importation of American flour into Brazil. I am gratified, however, to bo able to inform you that In September last this has been roduccd to from $1.32 to about 49 cents per bar rol, and tho duties on othor articles of our pro duction havo been diminished in nearly the same proportion. ■*- I regrot to stato that the Government of Brazil still oontinucs to lovy an export duty of about ele ven per oent. on coffee, notwithstanding this arti olo is admitted froo from duty in the United States. This is a heavy charge upon tho consumers of cof fee in our country, as we purchase half of the en tire surplus orop of that nrlioto raised in Brazil. Our minister, under instructions, will reiterate his efforts to have this export duty removed; and it is hoped that the enlightened Government of the Emperor will adopt this wise, just,and equal polioy. In that event, there is good reason to believe that tho commeroo between the two countries will greatly inorease, much to the advantage of both. The, olaims of our citizens against the Govern ment of Brazil are not, in tho aggregate, of very large amount; but somo of these rest upon plain principles of justioo, and their set tlement ought not to be longer deiayod. A re newed and earnest, and, I trust, a successful effort, will be m&do by our minister to proouro thoir final adjustment.” On the 2d of June last, Congress passed & joint resolutiou authorizing the President “ to adopt suoh measures and use suoh force as, in his'judg ment, may'be necessary and advisable.” •'for the purpose of adjusting the difference* between the United States and the Republic of Paraguay, in connection with the attack on the United States stoamer Water Witch, and with othor measures referred .to” in his annual message. And on the 12th July following, they mode an appropriation to defray the expenses and com pensation of a commissioner to that Republic, should tho President deem it proper to make suon an appointment. In compliance with these onaotments, I have ap pointed a commissioner, who has proceeded to Paraguay, with full powers and instructions to settle theso. differences in an amicable and peaoe ful manner, if this be practicable. His expe rience and discretion justify tho hope that he may prove successful in oonvinoing the Para guayan Government that it is due, .both to honor and justioo, that thoy should voluntarily and promptly make atonement for tho wrongs whioh they have committed against the United States, and indemnify our injured oitizens whom they have forcibly despoiled of their property. Should our commissioner provo unsuccessful, aftor a sincere and earnest effort, to aeoomplish the objeet of his mission, then no alternative wilt remain but the employment of foroe to obtain “jast satisfaction” from Paraguay. In view of this contingency the Seorotary of the Navy, under my direction, has fitted out and despatched a naval foroe to rendezvous near Buenoß Ayres, whioh it is believed will prove sufficient for the oocasion. - It is my earnest desire, however, that it may not be found necessary to resort to thiß lost alternative. When Congress met in Deoemher last, the busi ness of the oountry had just been crushed, by one of those periodical revulsions whioh are tho in evitable oonsequenoo of our unround and extrava gant system of bank credits and inflated ourrency. With all tho elements of national wealth in abun dance, our manufAoturos woro suspended, our uso ful public and privato enterprises were arrestedi and thousands of laborers wore deprived of em ployment and roduoed to want. Universal dis tress prevailed among tho commercial, manufac turing, and mechanical olasses. - , . • - - This revulsion wosfeH'the more severely in the United States, beo&usosimilarcauseshad produced the like deplorable effect throngbont the commer cial nations of Europe. All were oxperienoing sad reverses at the same moment. Our manufac turers everywhere suffered severely, not because of the reoent reduotion in the tariff of duties on imports, but because there was no demand at any prioo for their productions. Tho people were obliged to rostrict tbemeelvos, in thoir purchasos, to artioles of prime necessity. In the general prostration of business, the iron manufacturers in difforont States probably suffored moro than any other class, and much destitution was the inevita ble consequence, among the groat number of work men who hod beon employed in this hsefttl branch of our industry. There could bo no supply where there was no doraand To present an example, there could bo no demand for railroad iron, aftor our magnificent system of railroads, extending its benefits to overy portion of the Union, had been brought to a dead pause. The srme consequences have resulted from similar onuses to many othor branohea of ueeful manufactures. It is self-evi dent that where thore is no ability to purchase mnuufnotured nrtioiosi theso cannot bo sold, and consequently must cease to be produced. No Government, and espcaially n Government of suoh limited powers as thatof the United Statos, could have prevented tho late' revulsion. The whole commoroial world seemed for years to havo been rushiDg to this catastrophe. Tho satuoruin oußGonsequonoQs would have followod in tho Uni tod States, whether the duties upon foreign im ports hod remained as thoy wore under the tarififc of 1846, or had beon raised to a much higher standard. The tariff of 3557 had no agonoy in the result. Tho general causes existing through out the world could not have boon controlled by the legislation of any particular oountry. The periodical revulsions whioh havo existed in our past history must continue to return at in tervals, so long os our preeont unbounded system of bank credits shall prevail. They will, how ovor, probably be the Ibsb severe in future, bo oausoitis not tobo’expeoted, at least for many years to ooine, that tho oommeroial nations of Europe, with whose Interests our own are so ma terially involved, will expose themselves to simi lar calamities. But this subject was treated so TWO CENTS. much at targe in my last.annual message that I ahall not now pursue it further. Still, I respectfully renew the recommendation in favor of the passage of a uniform bankrupt law, applicable to backing institutions. This is all the power over the sub' jeot which, I believe, the Federal Government possesses. Such a daw would mitigate, though it might not provent, the evil. The instinotof self preservation might produce a wholesome restraint upon their banking business, if they knew in ad vance that a suspension of speoie payments would inevitably produce their civil death. ' the effects of tho rovuhion are now slowly but surely passing away. The energy and enter* prise of our citizens, with our unbounded resources, will, within tho period of another year, restore a state of wholesome industry and trade. Capital has again accumulated in our large oities: the rats of interest is there very low; confidence is gradu ally reviving, and so soon as it is discovered that this oapitnl can be profitably employed in com mercial and manufacturing enterprises, and in the oonstruotion of railroads and other works of publio and private improvement, prosperity will again smile throagh the land. It is in vain, however, to disguise tho faot from ourselves that a speculative inflation of our onrrenoy, without a corresponding inflation in other countries whoso manufactures come into competition with our own, must ever* produoe disastrous results to oar domestic manu factures. No tariff, short of absolute prohibition, oAn prevent these evil consequenoes. In connection with this siujjjeot. it is proper to *efev to out financial condition. The same causes whioh have produced pecuniary distress through out the country, have so rodneed the amount of imports from foreign countries that the revenue has proved inadequate to meet the necessary ex penses of tho Government. To supply the defi ciency. Congress, by the act of the 23d of Decem ber, 1857, authorized the issue of $20,000,000 of treasury notes; and this proving inadequate, they authorized, by tho aot of June 14th, 1858, a loan of $20,000,000, t( to be applied to the payment of appropriations made by law.” No statesman would advise that we should go on increasing the national debt to meet the ordi nary expentes of Government. This would be a most ruinous policy. In case of war, onr credit must be our chief resource, at least for the first year, and this would bo greatly impaired by hav ing contracted a large debt in time of peace- It is our true polloy to inorease our revenue so as to equal our expenditures. It would be ruinous to continue to borrow. Besides, it may be proper to o ]L sei 7 e ’ that the Incidental protection, thus afforded by a revenue tariff, would at the present moment, to some extent, increase the confidenceof tho manufacturing interests, and give a fresh im pulse to our reviving business. To this, surelv, no person will objeot. • ' ' . In regard to the mode of assessing and collect ing duties under a Strictly revenue tariff, I have long ontertained and . expressed the opinion that sound policy requires this should be-done by spe cino duties, in oas e s -to whioh'these ean be pro applied. They are well adapted to ooznmo duies which are usually sold by weightor measure, and whioh, from their nature, are of equal or of nearly equal value. Such, for example, are the artioles of iron of different classes, raw sugar, and foreign wines and spirits.. . In my deliberate judgment, specific duties are tne best, if not tu only means of . seouring the re venue against Talse and fraudulent invoices, and suoh has been th 6 praotioe adopted for this purpose by other commercial Besides, specific duties would afford to the Amerioan manu faptnrer the incidental advantages to whioh he is fairly entitled under a revenue tariff. The pro sent system is a sliding scale to .his disadvantage. Under it, when prices are high and business pros perous, the duties rise in amount when he least re quires their aid,.On the contrary, when prices fall, and he is struggling against adversity, the duties are diminished in tne same proportion, greatly to his injury. , ° * .. Neither would there be danger that a higher rate of duty than that intended by Congress, could be levied in the form of speoifio duties. It would bo easy to ascertain the average value of any im ported article for a series of years; and instead'of snbjootlng it to an ad valorem duty at a certain rate per centum, to substitute in Us place an equi valent speoifio duty. , By suoh an arrangement the consumer would not be injured. It is true, he might have to pay a lit tle more duty on a given artiole in ane year; but if so, he would pay a little Jess in another, and in a series of years these would counterbalance each other, and amount to the same thing, so far as his interest is concerned. • This inconvenience would be trifling, when .contrasted with the additional security thus afforded against frauds upon the re venue, in whioh every consumer is directly inter ested.- I have thrown out these suggestions as the fruit of my own observation, to which. Congress, -in their better judgment, will give sucU weight as they may justly deserve., . The, report of the!Seoretary of the Treasury wilt : explain,'in detail,> the operations of that- depart ment of the Government. The' receipts - into the Treasury, trom 01l sources.-during the fiscal 'year ei ?dipg W*o 30th of Jpuo, .T§sB;lncluding the Iroas nry notos authorized by'the act eTDecembarfiSd, 1857, were seventy million two hundred ahd.sev enty-threo thousand oight hundred and sixty-nine dollars and fifty-nine cents ($7O 273 BG9 59), which amount, with the balance of seventeen million seven hundred and tqn thousand one hundred and fourteen dollars and twenty-seven sents ($17,710,- 114 27) remaining in the, Treasury, at the com mencement of the year, made an . aggregate for the service of the year of eighty-seven. million nine hundred and eighty-three thousand nine hun dred and eighty-threedollars and eighty-slxeeuts ($87,983 983 86.) ‘ * . ■ . Tho publio expenditures daring the fiscal year ending June 30,1858, amounted to eighty-ono mil lion five hundred and eighty-five thousand sixhun dred and sixty-seven dollars and soventy-six cents ($81,685,667.76.) of whioh • nine million six hundred and eighty-four thousand five hundred and thirty-seven dollars and ninety-nine-cents ($9 634,537.99) were applied to the payment of the publio debt, and the redemption of treasury notes, with the interest thoreon, leaving the Treasury on July 1, 1858, being tbe commence- the present fisoal year, six million three hundred and ninety-eight thousand three bun drod and sixteen dollars and ten cents, ($6,398,- 316.10) Tho receipts into the Treasury, during the first quarter of the present fiscal year, commencing the Ist July, 1858, including one half of the loan of twenty millions of dollars, with the premium upon it, authorised by the &3t of 14th Juno, 1858, were twenty-five million two hundred and thirty .thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine dollars and forty-six cents ($25,230,879.40), and the esti mated receipts for the remaining three quarters to the 30th June, 1859, from ordinary sources, are thirty-eight million five hundred thousand dollars ($38,500,Q00), making, with the balance before stated, an aggregate of seventy million one hundred and twenty-nine thousand one hundred and ninety-five dollars and fifty-six oents, ($7O, 129,195.56.) The expenditures, during the first quarter of the present fiscal year, were twenty-one million seven hundred and eight thousand one hundred and ninety-eight dollars and fifty-one cents, ($21,- 703,198.51;) of whioh one million ten thousand one hundred and forty-two dollars and thirty seven oents ($1,010,142.37), wore applied to the payment of tho public debt,, and the redemption of treasury notes and the Interest thereon. The estimated expenditures, during the remaining three quarters, to 30th June, 1859, are fifty two million three hundred and fifty-seven thousand six hundred and ninety-eight dol lars and forty-eight cents, ($52,357,698.48,) making an aggregate of seventy-four million sixty-five thousand eight hundred and ninety-, six dollars and ninety-nine cents, ($74,065,- 890 99), being an excess of expenditure beyond the estimated/eoeipts into the Treasury from ordinary sources, during the fiscal year to the 30th June, 1859* of three million nine hundred and thirty six thousand seven And one dollars and forty-three 0ent5,^(3,986,701.434]. Extraordinary means are plMcedM>y law within the command of the Secretary of-.tho Treasury, by the re-issue of treasury cotes redeemed, and by negotiating the balance of the loan authorized by the aot of 14th Juno, 1858, to the extent of eleven mil lions of dollars, whioh, if realized during the pre sent fisoal year, will leave a balance in the Treasury, on the first day of July, 1859, of seven million sixty-three thousand two hundred and ninety-eight dollars and fifty-seven cents. ($7,063,298 57). Tho estimated reoolpts during the next fisoal year ending 30th June, 1860, are sixty-two mil lions of dollars ($62,000,000), which, with the above estimated balance of seven million sixty three thousand two hundred and ninety-eight dol lars and fifty-seven oents ($7,063,298.57), make an aggregate for the service of the next fiscal year of sixty-nine million sixty three thousand two hundred and ninoty-eight dollars and fifty-seven oents ($69,063,298 57). Tho estimated expendi tures during the next fiscal year, ending 30th June; 1860, are seventy-three million ene hundred and thirty-nine thousand one hundred and forty-seven* dollars and forty-six cents ($73,139,147.46), whioh' leaves a deficit of estimated means, compared with* tho estimated expenditures 'for £that year, com mcncing,on thC flrst’bf July, 1859,0 f four million and seventy-five thousand eight hundred and forty-eight dollars and eighty-nine cents ($4,075,- 843.89). In addition to this sum, the Postmaster General will require from the Treasury, for the service of tho Post Office Department, throe million eight hundred and thirty-eight thousand seven hundred and twenty-eight dollars, ($3,833,728,) osexplaiaod in tho roport of the Seoretary of tho Troasury, whioh will inoreaso the estimated deficit on the 30th- June, 1860, to sevon million nine hundred and fourteen thousand five hundred and seventy six dollars and eighty-nino oents, ($7 914,576.89.) To provide for the payment of this estimated defi ciency, which will be incroasod by such appro priations as may be made by Congress, not esti mated for in the roport of tho Treasury Depart ment, as well ns to provide for the gradual re demption, from year to year, of the outstanding treasury notes, the Secretary of the Treasury re commends such a revision of tho present tariff as will rnieo the required amount. After what I' have already said, I need scarcely add that I con cur in tho opinion expressed in his report, that the publio debt should not be increased by &n addi tional loan, and would therefore strongly UTgeupon Congress the duty of making, at their present session, the nooessary provision for mooting these liabilities. Tho public debt on the Ist July, 1858, the com mencement of the present fisoal year, was $25,- 155,977.66. During the first quarter of the presont year, tho sum of $10,000,000 has been negotiated of the loan authorized by the act of 14th June, 1858— making the presont outstanding publio debt, ex clusive of treasury notes, $35,155,977.66. There was on the Ist July, 1858, of treasury notes issued by authority of tho aot of December 23,1857, un redeemed, the sum of $19,754,800— making the amount of aotual indebtedness, at that date, Sol,- 910,777.66. To this will be added during tho present fiscal year—this being the re maining half of tho loan of $20,000,000 not yet negotiated. , -, , - . Tho rapid increase of the publio debt, and the necessity which oxiats for a modification of the tariff, to meet even the ordinary expenses of the Government, ought to admonish us all, in our re spective spheres of duty, to the praotiw of rigid NOm TO CORRESPONDENTS. Correspondents for tl Tgn Pubs** will please bear, in ttlnd tSs following rules y - - ' Eveij eomm^nieation, most bo eoeompanled by the name or the writer,’ In order to insure fcorrectneaa in thß bat one alio of the sheet should bo writtennpoa. Ws shall be greitly olllgei to gentlemen is Penn"] ■ylrinia and other States lor contributions giving the carrent news of «w day in their particular localities the resources of the surrounding country, the inoiwe ® any Information that will be interest general reader. , llmUedto rn!t!v, objMt 2 of expoaditaro should bo M« ber ’ asfar “ t! >i* may bo praotica {&> I *?*. * b k*?I ,ro >? i »H<ma necessary tocarry U dishorned under tlm Enlightened economy does not oonsist in the rerusal to appropriate money for constitutional purposes, essential to the defenoe, progress, and prosperity of the Eepuhlio, but m taking ears that none of this money shall be wasted by mismanagement, in its application to the objeats designated by law. Comparisons between the annual expenditure at the present time, and what it was ten or twentv years ago, are altogether fallacious.' The rapid increase of onr country in extent and population renders a corresponding Increase of expenditure, to some extent,-unavoidable. This is constantly creating new objects of expenditure, and augment ing the amount required for the old. The tiue questions, then, are, have these objects boon un necessarily multiplied? or,-has the amount ex pended upon any or all of them been larger than oomports with due eoonomy ? In accordance with these principles, the heads of the different exec a tivo departments of the Government have been KSi nofced r ®^ uce tbelr estimates for the next e > ar *° lowest standard consistent with the effioienoy of the service, and this duty they have performed in n spirit of just economy. TnTilln S n mate L? f the J Treasury, War,- Naw, And interior Departments have each been in some de gree> reducedl; and unless a sudden and unforeseen emergency should arise, it is not anticipated that a deficiency will exist in either within the nresent or the next fiscal year. The Poit Office Depart ment is placed In a peculiar position, different from A the other departments, and to this I shall hereaf ter refer. I invite Congress to institute a rigid scrutiny to ascertain whether the expenses in all the depaTt man» oannotbe still further'reduced; and I pro investigation ai d in my power in pursuing tho ’I transmit herewith the reports made to me by the Secretaries of War, of the Navy, of the Inte rior, and of -the Postmaster General. They each contain valuable information* And important ro oommendatlons, to which 1 ! invite the attention'ef Congress. ' ' j , , Io my last annual message I took occasion to recommend the, immediate construction of -ten *® a ll steamers, ©f light draught,' forth© purpose of increasing the effioienoy of the navy. Congress responded to the recommendation by authorising the construction Of eight of them; The progress whioh pas been made in exeouting this authority to stated in the repcrtt -of the Secretary of the Navy. I concur with him in the opinion that* a greater number of this olas#bf vessels is necessary for the purpose of'protecting in a more efficient manner the persons and property-of American | citizens on the high seas, and in foreign countries, 'es well as in guarding' more effectually our own ooasts. I accordingly recommend the passage of an act for this purpose. > '< ’ -- The suggestfonscontained in the report of the Secretary of the Interior, especially those in regard to the disposition' of the pUuHo domain, the pen sion and bounty land' 'system, the polloy towards ' the’lndians,-and the amendment-of our patent laws, Bre worthy of the'serious-consideration of Congress. -. ■- The Post Office Department ooonpies a position very different from thatof the other departments. For many yean it was thepolioy of the Govern ment to render this a self-sustaining departmert; and If this oannot now be accomplished, in the present condition of ‘the country, 'we ought ■ to make as near an approach' to it as may be praoti cable.- - - . ; -.j. ? . The Postmaster General is placed in a most em barrassing position by the’ existing laws. He is obliged tocarry these into effect. He 1 has no other alternative. He finds; however, that' this oannot be done without heavy -demands on the Treasury, over'and above what ~is.-received'for'postage; and these have been progressively' inoreAaing from year to year 1 until they amounted for the'last fiscal year, ending on the 30th June, 1858, to more than four millions and a half of dollars; whilst it to' estimated -that,- for'the-present fiscal year, : they will amount to $0 290,000. ■ These sums are exclu sive of tho annual appropriation‘Of $700,000 for '* compensation for the mul service performed for the two houses of- Oongross and the other depart ments and officers of the' Government in tho trans portation of free - ' ' The cause of these 1 large deficits is mainlyattri butable to the increased expense of transporting the mails. In : 1852 the sum paid fof this service was hut 8 fraction' above fonr million and a quar tor. Since' that year : it has • annually inerSiped until in 185$ It has touched more than eight mil lion and a quarter; and for the servico'of 1859 it is estimated that it will amount to more than ten million of dollars: > * • • ■ - The receipts of‘the Post Office Department can be mode to approach or to eqaal its expenditure, only by means-of-the legislation of Congress. In applying any remedy, care should be taken that tba.peopio su&llnot'be-dibpfivefLof the advanta ges which they are fairly entitled to enjoy from the Post Office Department. The principal reme dies. recommend edt-i the consideration of Cougtess by the Postmaster General, are to restore the for- eingle letters to five cents; to substitute for the franking privilege the deliv ery to those now entitled to enjoy it, of post office stamps for their correspondence, and to direct the department, in making contracts for the transpor tation of the moil, to confine itself to the payment of the sum necessary for this single purpose, with out requiring it to be'transported in post conch os orcarriagos of;any particular description. .Un der the present system, the expense to the Govern ment is greatly increased,- by requiring that the mail shall be carried in sach. vehicles as will ac commodate passengers. This will be done without pay from the department, over all roads where tho travel will remunerate the contractors; ‘ ' These recommendations deserve the grave con sideration of Congress. I would again call your .attention to the con struction of a Pnoifio railroad. Time and reflec tion hnve but served t) confirm me in tho truth and justice of the observations which I made on this subject, in my.lost annual message, to which I beg leave respectfully to refer. It is freely admitted that it would be inexpe dient for this Government to exerciso the power of amstruoting the Pacific railroad by its own itn mecnate agents. Such & policy would increase tho patronage*of the executive to a dangorous oxtent, and introduce a system of jobbing ond corruption, which no vigilanoeon the part ot Federal officials could either prevent or detect. This can only bo done by the keen eye, and the active and careful supervision of individual'and private interest. The construction of this road ought, therefore, to be committed to companies incorporated by the States, or other agonoies whose pecuniary interests would be directly involved. Congress might then assist them !b the work by grants of land or of money, or botb, under such conditions and restric tions as would secure the transportation of and munitions of war free from any charge, and that of tho United States mail at a fair and rea sonable price. ... - The progress of events since the commencement of your last session has shown how soon difficulties disappear before a firm and determined resolu tion. At that lime snob a road was deemed by wise and patriotic men to be a visionary project. The great distance to be overcome, and the inter vening mountains and deserts in the way, wero obstacles whioh, in the opinion of many, could not be surmounted. Now, after the lapse of bat a single yesrr, them obstacles, it has been dis covered, aro far less formidable than they wero supposed to be; and mail stages, with passengers, now pass and repass regularly, twioo~in e >cb week, by a oommon wagon road between San Francisco and St. Louis and Memphis, in less than twenty five days. The servioe has been as regularly per formed as it was in former years between New York and this city. Whilst disclaiming all authority to appropriate money for the construction of this road, except that derived from the war making power of the Constitution, there are important collateral consi derations urging us to undertake the work &3 speedilyas possible. The first and most momentous of these is, that suoh a road would be a powerful bond of union between the States east and west of the Rooky Mountains. This is so self-evident as to require no illustration. --Si., Rut again, in a commercial point of view, I con- * sider this tho great truestiQn of the day. . With tho eastern front of our Republic stretching along the Atlantic, and its western front alorg the Pacific, if all the parts should -be united by a safe, easy, and rapid intercommunication, we must necessari ly oommand & very large proportion of the trade both of Europe and Asia. Our rooent treaties with China and Japan wilt open these rich and populous empires to our com merce ; and the history of the world proves thnt tho nation which has gained possession of tho trndo with Eastern Asia has always become wealtiy and powerful. The peoaliar geographical position of California and ourPaclfio possessions invites Ame rican capital and enterprise into this fruitful field. To reap the rich, harvest, however, it is an indis pensable prerequisite "that we shall first have a railroad to convey-and circulate its produots throughout every portion of tho Union. Besides, such a railroad through our temperate latitude, which would not be impeded by the frosts and snows of winter, nor by tho tropical heats of sum mer, would attraok to itself muon of the travel and the trade of all nations passing between Europe and Asia. On the 21st of August lastLtout. J. N. Mnffit, of tho United States brig Dolphin, oaptured tho slavor “Echo/’ (formerly the Putnam, of New Orleans,) near Key Verde, on tho coast of Cuba, with more than three hundred African negroes on board. Tho prize, under the command of Lieut. Bradford, of the United States navy, arrived at Charleston on the 27th August, when the negroes, three hundred and six in number, wero delivered into the custody of tho United States marshal for tho district of South Carolina. They were first pieced in Castle Pinckney, and afterwards in Fo rt Sumpter, for safa-keeping, and were detaiced there until tho 19ih September, when the survivors, two hundred and Seventy-one in number, were deli vered on board.the United States stcamorNiagara, to be transported to the coast of Africa, under tho charge of tne agent of the United Mates, pursuant to the provisions of the act of the 3d March, 18K>, “in addition to the acta prohibiting the slave trade. y Under the second seotion of this act, the Presi dent is “ authorized to make such regulations and arrangements ashemny deem expedient for tho" sfafo-keeping, support, and removal boyond tho iimitsof tho United States, of all sach negroes uiulattoos. or persons of color” captured by ves sels of the United States, as may be delivered to tho marshal of the distriot into whioh they are brought; “ and to appoint a proper person or per sons residing upon the coast of Africa, as agont or agents for receiving the negroes, molattoes, or persons of color, delivered from on board ves sels seized in the prosecution of the slave trade by commanders of the United. States armed ves sels.” A doubt immediately arose os to the true con struction of this aot. It is quite clear from its terms that the President was authorized to provide ferthe safe-keeping, support, and removal” of these negroes up.till tho time of their delivory to tbe-ageqt on'the coast of Africa; but no express provision was 'mode for their protection and sup- Surt, after they had reached the place of their estination. htill, an agent was to be appointed to receive them in Africa; and it could not hav* i been supposed' that Congress Intended he shou'^
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers