James M'Alpin,
TAYLOR,
N®. 3 South Fourth Stmt,
■w T* J7"URNS biigrateful lelfmildgtiiKntiU kit PrietiJi tnJ the
JV PMc fur tbtir liberal enmragement, and iegt lca*.-et*Jilicit
0 wtir.umnci of their favtrs.
At bis Shop gintlevttn may be furnijked xuitb tin bis materials }
larflWl jftfiw mad<<.p md in the mejl faJbitnabU rmanntr. J
Kg iviil tbankfu 'iy receive any %ri*r* and pay a preir.pt and
to :i^r.. Oif. IJ W
BURR MILL STONES
Made by OLIVER EVAN3, at his Fiilory, in th« old
wind-iftill in Etmfley'j alley,
Seuib StcwJ-Jreei, a little beU-.u Dick jirnt,
WHERE those who apply may be fuppllcd with fionci
of fuci (uality as will suit their purpofcr. Also,
ftoait far gudgeons to run oa, and Plaifcer of Puis.
He keeps for SALE,
At his d-rcHiag No. n; njrthSecbnd-ftrset, a Httte above
Vine rfre-t,
Boulting Cloths,
A eomnleta affarunent of bath imported and Aaj'rican
Jhanufafiored for merchant andeooatry work, whithke
warrants goad.
ALSO,
Tlra Youne Millwright's and Miller's GUIDE.
•Containing a 'fyfteni of mechanics and hydraulics as they
4;>pl? t<J water rtills with the avhole process of, 2nd -aii the
ia:? improvements on the art of manufa&unng flour Sec
intended to'be afeful to allconcarned in building orufing
water-mills, which book is fold by Matthew Carey and
Robert Campbell, booksellers.
Sept. 15. g » Jtdiawtf.
A few Bales of Book Muflinsj
One ditto of Bed fide Carpets, -To be fuld low,
to aiofe Sales, by
Mordecdl Lewis.
Novem. ti jawiao.
James Tiffin?
, IFHOLE iALE & RETAIL HATTER,
N». 70, south Sscond rtrSN, near the City Tavern,
HAS just received by the fate arrivals from Loudoa
and Bristol, a large and elegant afTortment of Ladies
and fiiotleflaeos faJhionabl* HAl'S.—Alfo, a variety of
Qhiliirens HATS of different colours, which will be fold
nr the Jov?e(l term, for cads.
-V". B Ladies Hats triinV in the n«we!t faihicn from
London, OA. 11. §
ADVERTISEMENT.
FiOM the firft of December neat, the anacal fubferip
tior. thh Gazette wiU be EIUHT DOLLARS.
Sabfcrf jers oat of the City will pay One Dollar a year in
idJkio.i, for indollag a:id diraAing their Papers. '
Remote fubferibers are requested to pay up arrearages
to the above period; also the half year's advance from
that titne—thofe who do not, will be considered as de
tuning a continuance of their fubfeription. /
A ivertifements ot a ftjaare, or less, are publiflied in this
Ga-ette once, for half a b»m. \r ; and continued at osz
or * dou.au for ea:h subsequent insertion.
The Editor acknowledges, with gratitude, the favors
of his adverting patrons—He affnres them, that the en
creafed, and encrealinj number of his fubferibers, is coil
* tiuually ertending the circulation in the city—lts iiftant
circulation is now to that of any other pablicatioa.
Philadelphia, Novesaber 3, 1795.
City Dancing AfTembly.
THE Affemblics will commence for the Seafan, aft
Thursday Evening, the 19th inft.
jos. Rfdujv, 5
Sjt*-. tfrrrffTf, % Managers.
—•- f" Tho. IV, Francis, }
N'ovamber 4. dtljth.
WANTED,
On or before the firft of December ne*t,
AFurnrftied ROOM, on firft or fccond floor, en a
northern or wtfterir view, and fitnated between
Vrent and and betwixt Walnut and Mulber
ry-streets, for which a liberal price will be given. The
furniture reijuiredare only tables and chairs, and chimney
apparatus, as it is intended for Miniature-Painting buSnefs.
Apply to the Limner at No. 13, north Fourth-ftrect.
November a. $14*.
• WANTED TO PURCHASE,
Or to take 011 a Leafe"of about 3 years, to commence
on'urabtmr ift of April next,
A final! Farm,
PROM JO to 60 acres, with fuflicient buiUing for farm
ing she fame, and a decent heirfe for a genteel family—
an equal proportion of meadow, arable, and Woodland,
and 1 ftiort distance from Philadelphia, Trenton, or Wil
■< mington, will be the more djiirable. Apply to No. 187,
south Third-street. Nov. 6. §6t.
Notice.
ALL oerfons indebted to the late pirtn«rfliip of iVei
fir, AJgatt, Sc W'hilt, are dofired to make payment
10 P«ti» W.Gau.whit, No. 63, Chefnut-ftreet, who
s» autkorifed to receive the fame. Those who have claims
oa the said Firm willprefent them-to him.
Demands on the estate of the late Pclatiith ffcbjltr, de
eeafed, are to be exhibited to the firhferiber—and those
aldebted to the said eiUte, are requested to make pay
ment to RUT H PERIT, Executrix,
03oher to. dl»». No. 47 south Water-street.
University of Pennsylvania,
Oliober, 179 J.
THE MEDICAL LECTURES will commence the
firft Monday in November next. 3taw
A COMPUTE
PRINTING-OFFICE
F OR SALE,
Confiftiae of ißoclb".of Type, wcllalTorted; one ele
gant Pre ft, ind every other article suitable for an ex
t«nlive bufinefi. It will be fold together. Approved
notea at i, 4, and 6 months will b$ taken in payment.
For particulars apply so the Editor.
o(ftoher 13, jawtm.
~ Canal Lottery. r ~
No. 149. Chefnut-ftreet, between Fourthi'tFifth-Jlrects.
TICKETS eitamined grate, and every information giv
ea refpe<Sting said Lottery. Also, Walhington and
Paterfon Lotteries. ■ , O& f li. t
For Sale, at Auction,
At the BORSE MAKKET, on WEDNESDAY aeit,
A pair of large, well-matched
Brown HORSES,
Will trot fact. They may be seen at Bidwell's stables, 1
corner pfChefnmtand Faufth-ftrects, at any time between
this and the day Of Me. Nov. 7., dfic.
Canal Lottery Tickets
POP SALS,
At No. 153, Chefnut Stfert.
- PHUJ. Sept. 17- 5_
A good Cook,
Will ma* with eoeftant cmploym::-?. and receive geoc
reus wages, pplj to die Pri»ur. OA. 13.
FROM THE ARGUS.
THE DEFENCE—No. XXII.
THE analogy of the rtipulation in the ioth
article, with llipulations in otir other treaties,, and
in the trcatiei between oilier nations, is the Kmain
ing topic of difcuflion. After this, attention will
f be paid to such obfervationj, by way of obje&ion
to the article, ai may m>t Have been before express
ly or virtually answered.
The loth ankle of our treaty of amity and com
merce wi;K Frauccj is in these words :
•• For .the better promoting of commerce on
both fides, it is agreed, that if a warrlhall break
au: between the said two natians, fix months al
ter the proclamation of war, (hail be allowed to the
nlerchantl in the cities and tovkns where they live,
for felting and traofporting their goods and mcr
cliandizesj and if any thing be taken from them,'
or any injury t)e done them within that term by
tither party, or the people or fubjefts of either,
full fatisfa£tion lhall be made for the fame."
The 18th article of our treaty of amity and
commerce with the United Netherlands, is in these
words:
" Eor the better promotirtg of commerce on
bos h fides, it is agreed, that if a war should br«alt
out between their high mightinesses, the States
Genetal of jhe United Netherlands, and the United
Stares of America, there {hall always be jjranttd
to th« fabje&son each fide, the term of 9 months,
after the date of the rupture or the proclamation
of war, to the end that they may retire with their
effc&s and transport them where they pk-afe, which
it shall be lawful for them to de, as weij as to fell
and transport their effects and goods with all free
dom and without any hindrance, a»d without being
able to proceed, during the said term of 9 months,
to any arrest of their effe&s, much less of their
persons } on the contrary, there (hall be given them
for their veflels and effects which they would carry
away, paffpoitr and fafe conducts for the nearelt
ports of their refpeftire countries, and for the time
necessary for the voyage."
The ijd article of our treaty of amity and com.
merce with Sweden, is in these words :
" In order to faror commerce on buth fides as
murh as- poflible, it i 3 agreed, that in cafe war
/hould break 01K between the two nations, the term
of nine months alter the declaration of war (hall
be allowed to the merchants and fubjeits refpe£tive
ly on one fide and the other, in order that they
may withdraw with their effects and moveables,
' which'they lhall be at liberty, to carry off »r to fell'
wliere they please, without the lead obltacle—nor
(hall any seize their effc£ts, and much less their
persons, during the said nine months ; but on the
contrary, passports, which (hallbe ralid for a tiwe,
necessary for their return, (ball be given them for
their vessels and the effects which they'(hall be wil
ling to carry with them—and, if any thing is taken
from them, or any injury is done to thens'by one
of the parties, their people and fubjedts during
the term above prefer:'tjli, full and entire fatisfa£t:-
on (hall be made tr, ii'iiuwt -■
*r±j t««»»ry<Tnrd article of our treaty of amity
and commence with fruffia, contains" this provi
sion :
■' If war (liould arise between the two contract*
ing parties, th< merchants of either coantry, then
reffding in the other, (hall be allowed to remain
nine months to collect their debts and fettle their
affairs, apd may depar.t freely, carrying off all their
effects without molestation or'hindrance."
These articles of four, and the. only commercial
treaties we had with foreign powers, prior to the
pending treaty with Great Britain, though differ
ing in terms, in substance ; except as to time
which varies from fix to nine months. And they
clearly amount to this, that upon the breaking out
of a - war between the c'ontiafting parties in each
cafe, there lhall be for a term'of fix r nine months
full prote£tion jnd security to the persons and pro
perty of the fubje&s of one, which arc then in the
territories of the other, with liberty to collect their
debts*, to fell their gsods and merchandizes, and
to remove, with their effetfts, wberefocver they
please. For this term of fix or nine months there
is a complete suspension of the pretended right to
confifcate or fcquelter, giving or being designed to
give an opportunity to withdraw the whole property
which the fubjetts <sr citizens of one party have in
the country of the other.
The differences between these flipulations and
that in the article under examination are chiefly
these . the latter is confined to property in
the public funds and in public and private banks,
without any limitation of the duration of the pro
teftion—The former comprehends, in addition,
goods and merchandizes, with a limitation of the
protedtion to a term of fix or nine mont-hs ; but
with the intent and fappofition that the term al- '
lowed may and will be adequate to entire security. 1
The principle, therefore, of all the llipulations is :
the fame j each aims at putting the persons and <
property of the fHbjeds of oRe enemy, especially 1
merchants, being within the country of the ether 1
enemy a! tfee commencement of a war, out ef the 1
reach of confifcation or feqaeftration.
The persons wltofe names , are to our other trea- (
ties, on the part of the United States, are Benja
min Franklin, Silas Deane, Arthur Lee, John j
Adams, and Thomas Jcfferfon. The three firft <
are to the treaty with France—Mr. Adams is singly (
to that with the United Netherlands—Dr. Frank- <
lin singly to that with Sweden, and these two, with 1
Mr. Jefferfen, are jointly to that with Ptuffia
Ihe treaty with Sweden was concluded in April,- ,
1783 ; that with Prussia in Aiiguft, 1785. These t
dates reptl the idea, that confideratiorts of policy, t
relative to the war, might have operated in the t
cafe. (
We have consequently the fanftion of all these 1
characters to the prinfiiplffji which governed the
Itipulation entered into by Mr. Jay, and »ot on I
I y from the ratification of the fprmei*treaties at
different periods,* distant from each other, by dif- I
* The term " debrs," „ 9n }j exfrefed in the I
PruJJinn treaty, lut there are in the other treaties ,
terms -which include debts, end this is the manifeU ft,,- i
rit and intent of til..
- ferent defection: of wn i« oU, puMtc coumiU,
but also (rotn theie never having been heard, in the
community, a lisp or murrhur against the ftipula
tioo, through a period o! seventeen years, count*
, nig from the date of the treaty with France, there
i is jistl ground to infer a coincidence of the public
- opinion of the country.
II I verily believe, that if in th« year 1783, atrea
n ty had been made with Englaad, containing an ar
. ticle limilar to the lOth in the present treaty, it
would have met with general acquieicencc.
1. fpiiitof party had not then pre'difpofed men* minds
to cftimafc the propriety of a meafurc according
11 to thS agent, rather than according to its real fit
c ness and quality. What would then have been ap
plauded as wife, liberal, equitable and expedient,
e is now in more inflances than one, under the pes
tilential influence of that baleful spirit, condemn
- cd as improvident, impolitic and dangerous.
Our treaty with Pruflia, the 23d article ofwhich
f has been cited, is indeed a model of liberality,
which for the principles it coutains, docs honour
to the parties, and has been in this country a fub
-1 jest of deserved and unqualified admiration. It
t contradi&s, as if studiously, those principles of
reftriflion and exclusion, which art the foundations
i of the mercantile and navigating fyftein of Europe.
1 It grants perfect freedom of conscience and wor
s (hip to therefpe&ive fubjedit and citrzeni, with no
i (Jthet- refbaint than that they (hall not inftilt the re
i ligion of others, adopting the rule that free (hip*
, (hall malts free goods, it extends the protection to
1 the persons as well as t« the goods of enemies.—
r Enumerating, asContiaband, only "arms, ammu
-1 uition, and military (lores," it even provides that
1 contraband article* (hall not be confifcated, but
. may be taken on the condition of paying for them,
r It provides again ft embargoes of vessels and effect*.
, It exprefily exempts women, children, scholars of
r every faculty, cultivators *f the earth, artisans,
1 manufacturers, and fifhermen, unarmed and inhab
r iting unfortified towns, villages and places, and in
t general, all others whose occupations are for the
common fubfiftance and benefit of mankind, their
houses, fields, and goods, from molestation in their
, persons and employments, and from burning, waft
ing, and dellrudtion, in time of war ; and ftipu
-1 lates payment at a reasonable price for what may
r be necessarily taken from them for military use.—
! It likewise prote&s from feiznrc and canfifcation,
1 in time of w*r, vessels employed in trade, and in
hibits the granting commifiions to private armed
r vessels, empowering them to take or destroy ftich
, trading vessels, or to interrupt their commerce ;
j and it makes a variety of excellent provifiotis to fe->
r cure to prisoners of war, a humane treatment,
r These particulars are dated as evidence of the
t temper of the day, and of a policy, which then
t prevailed, to bottom our system with regard to
r foreign nations upon those grounds of moderation
and equity,' by which reason relip-ion and philofo
, phy had tempered maxims of more early
: times. It is painful to observe an effort to make
the public opinion, in this refpedt, retrogade, and
to infect our councils with a spirit contrary to
- \ m '\' f — J--- towards improvement in
■ true civilization and humaurtyi" 1 -^-- —
If we pafs.from our own treaties,'to those be
tween other nations, we friid that the provisions,
■ which have been cxtrafted from ours, have very
' nearly become formula* in the Conventions of Eu
-1 rope. As examples of this may be confuhed, the
■ following articles of treaties between Great Bri.'
• tain and other powers (to wit) the XVfll. article
of a treaty of peace and commerce with Portugal,
1 in 164.2 —the XXXVI. article of a treaty of peace
commerce, and alliance with Spain, in "1667—
the XIX. article of a treaty of peace, and the 11.
of a treaty of commerce with France, both in ty 13
and the XII. article of a treaty of commerce and
navigation with Ruffu, in 1766.
1 The articles with Portugal provides, that if dif
> ficulties and doubts (hall arifc between the two na
• tions, which give reason to apprehend the inter
ruption of commerce, public notic of it (hall be
■ given to the fubjeth on both fides, and after that
notice, two years (hall be allowed to carry away
tfie merchandizes and goods, and in the mean time,
there (hal! be no injury or prejudice done to any
' pei (on* or goods on cither fid*.
The articles with France, in addition to the
provifien* common in other cafps, particularly stip
ulate, that during the term of the pTote&ion (fix
.months) " the fubjedU on each fide shall enjoy
good and speedy jilt ice, so that during the said
space of fix months, they may be able to recover
their goods and effcfW.entrufted as well to the pub
lic, as to private persons."
ihe article witn Russia, bsfides (lipulatirrg an
exemption fiom eonlifeation for one year, with the
privilege (9 tenmvr and carry away in fafety, pro- |
vides additionally, that the fubjefts of each party 1
" shall be furthrr permitted, cither at 01 before 1
their departure, to confrg* the effedh which they
fhill not as ret have difpoled of, as well as the j
debts that shall be dne to them to such persons as ■
they (hall think proprr, in order to dispose of them .
according to their deftre and for their ben eft t, which i
debts, the debtors (hail be obliged to pay in the
fame manner as if no such rupture bad happen-
A.; these articles are, with those in our treaties, j
analagous in principle, as heretofore particularly 1
explained, to th« loth article of the treaty under j
discussion. That of the Britiih treaty with France ,
dtfigijates expressly debts due from the public as
well as those ducjfrom private persons. That with j
Rufiia gpes-the full length of our tenth aiticle ; 1
empowering the creditor* on each fide to aflign j
the debts, which they are not able to colle& within •
the teim of their refidtnce to whomfocver they j
think fit, for their own benefit, and declaring that 1
these debts (hall he paid to the afijgns in the fame
manner as if no rupture had happened.
There is a document extant, which may fair'y be 1
tippofed t« cxprefs the sense »f the government of
I'ranee, at the period to which it relates, of the
foundation of these ftipularion*. It is a memorial
of Mr. Bu(fy, minifler from the Court of France to '
that of London, for negotiating peace, dated in
the year 1701, and contains these pafcges "As
it is impracticable for two Princes, who rr»ake wai i
with each uth:v t to be:wetm gjem ivpiii it if,c \
>, *XZ re J ar re <« ike «Ler*_ equity and F,„
e ruanity have di&atcd tliefe precaution*, ti.at
i- an unforeseen rupture happen, suddenly and wi;t,
•* out * n 7 Previous declaration, foreign vefTels, wh-ch
e navigating under the security ofp eact , aitd of ~0 '
c ties, happen, a( the time of the rapture, to be in
either of the refpedive ports, (hall have time and
i- full liberty to withdraw themselves.
" Thii wife provision so agreeable to the rules
t of good faith, ccnjiitute a. part of the law of nations
e and the article of the treaty, which falsifies these
s precautions, ought to be faithfully .executed, not.
J withstanding the breach of the other articles of tl, c
treaty which is the natural confcquence of tl*e
i- war."
•« The Courts of France and Great Britain used
this salutary precaution in the treaties of Utrcctr
and Aix la Chapelle."
These presages jjlace the security ftfrulated in
h the.treaties for the persons and property of .he
-, fubjea* of one party found in tKe country, of ~n„
ir ther, at the beginning of a war, upon tint fontW
- of in tonjlituting apart if tie Jaw of nations, wl.ic'i
t 1 iflay be considered as a fotm.il diplomatic rfccogni
,f tioH of the principle for which we contend. As
s this position was not itfelf in dispute between the
r. two governments, but merely a collateral inference
from it, applicable to veflcls taken at sea, prior to a
0 declaration of war, it may be regarded as a rcfpec
- table teflimOny of the law of nations on the piinci
-1 pal point.
0 If the law of nations confers this exemption from
_ fcizure upon vefTels, which, at the time of the rup
i- ture, happen to be in the refpethve ports of the
,t belligerent parties, it is evident that it must equa!-
t ly extend its proteflion to debts i.l a
i. course of lawful trade. Vcfiels are partictilaily
i. mentioned, because the difcufiion turned upon tef
,f fels seized at sea. But the reference to the treaic.
i, of Utrecht and Aix Ja Chapelle (hews that the mi
. nifter, in his observation, had in view the whole
n fubjeft matter of the articles of those treaties, which
e provide for the security of merchauts and their ef
r fefts in the event of war. \
r This conformity, in principle of the article.un
. der examination, with the provisions in so many
treaties of our own and of other nations, liken in
f connection with the comment of Mr. Bu/Ty, brings
- a very powerful support to the article. It is addi
, tional and full evidence that our.Envoy, in agree
- ing to it, did not go Upon new and untrodden
1 ground ; that, on the contrary, he was in a beaten
b track ; that in pursuing the dictates of reason, and
; the letter opinion of wi iters, as to the rule of the
law of nations refpefting the point, he was at the
fame time pursuing the examples of all the other
e treaties which we had otirfclvcs made, and of many
i of tfiofe of other countries
> CAMILLUS.
(Übr Continued.)
• Thus we find it the sentiment of this minister,
J that it is imptfjibit f or two Princes who make war
c with each other, to agree •which it the aggrejfar
- with regard to the other. And yet Mr. Jay was to
' extort from GiCat Britain an acknowledgment that
1 A, <vai the aggressor with regard to at, and was
guilty "ot puiilanunity in waving uw^jucAiwi..
r fkom the £*gii/h Review.
I national Affairs "
»Oa THE MONTH OF 4UCUST, 179/.
' . , FRANCE.
' Though peace *»s been made between France
e and Spain, though this must infallibly be followed,
■ at no great diftanse os- time, by peace between
• France and the Italian powers, as well as with the
! Empire of Germany and the House of Aullria;
I tho the Freneh Republic is actually in pofTcffion of
the Low Countries, comprehei.ding the Seven U
• nited Provinces ; and, finally, the
disasters of Quiberon .- it would seem that the pro
• je<S of fen ding the emigrants to Join their friend*,
: and laife a party in the interior of France is not yet
abandoned. Certain it w, that if this,camiOt be
don», all hopes of success to the Royalists are Hill.
, Not tho the confederacy had temamed nn(haken r
and evon new powers had joined, that any rational
hope could Iwve been entertained of subduing |'u«h
a country as France, united in its resistance. E
migrants from different quarters of Europe aflkm
ble at Sou'hampfmt. An array is colletled here,
seventy thousand strong, and it is daily ineieafing.
LOUIS XVIII.
In the midst of these preparations, ifTtiesa procla
mation fraught with fentimentsof dignity, clemen
cy, and patrtotifm. Theconftitirtron of the French
monarchy, that has led to so much prosperity and
glory, he is determined, with the aid of his loyal
fubjefts to maintain ; and, when tranquility (hall
be restored, to reform its abuses. Several hundred
thousand of this manifefto have published.
Manifeftoes seldom prevail againfl the actual pof
fefTton. It is not unaatural, however, in the French
princes and aobles to ma)te the experiment.
Among the emigrants are nambers of gentlemen of
great courage and honor. The
COUNT DE SOMB REUIL.
Is a glorious inftatice of what fpiritsa great anonar.
chy, and the love of glory, its natural concomitant,
is capable of forming. Humanity might with for
the relloration of the monarchy in the haads of so
amiable and clement a princeasLouis XVIII. whom
dreadful experience has taught the danger of «p
---preffion. It is conjedtured, that the aimy aflem
bling on the coalt of Hampshire, is to attempt a
march direflly to Paris, along the course of the
Seine ; the fame route that was taken by our Ed»
wards and Henrys in former times. Had this mea
sure been taken in timej perhaps it might have
been fuccefsful. But as we have often, indeed u
niformly, l ad occasion to observe, we are always
a day "behind the fair : equally deficient in wifdem
of councils and promptitude of aftioii. The vigo
roua preparations, however, that are still on foot,
may have a tendency to forward negociatioiV for a
general peace. Few, we presume, hope that it will
restore the ancient government.
The present war, or, as it has been called not
improperly, crusade, furnifhes an inexhaustible source
of various icdeftions, of which, the m»ft important
to crowned heads is this, that it is big with danger
I ~ '