James M'Alpin, TAYLOR, N®. 3 South Fourth Stmt, ■w T* J7"URNS biigrateful lelfmildgtiiKntiU kit PrietiJi tnJ the JV PMc fur tbtir liberal enmragement, and iegt lca*.-et*Jilicit 0 wtir.umnci of their favtrs. At bis Shop gintlevttn may be furnijked xuitb tin bis materials } larflWl jftfiw mad<<.p md in the mejl faJbitnabU rmanntr. J Kg iviil tbankfu 'iy receive any %ri*r* and pay a preir.pt and to :i^r.. Oif. IJ W BURR MILL STONES Made by OLIVER EVAN3, at his Fiilory, in th« old wind-iftill in Etmfley'j alley, Seuib StcwJ-Jreei, a little beU-.u Dick jirnt, WHERE those who apply may be fuppllcd with fionci of fuci (uality as will suit their purpofcr. Also, ftoait far gudgeons to run oa, and Plaifcer of Puis. He keeps for SALE, At his d-rcHiag No. n; njrthSecbnd-ftrset, a Httte above Vine rfre-t, Boulting Cloths, A eomnleta affarunent of bath imported and Aaj'rican Jhanufafiored for merchant andeooatry work, whithke warrants goad. ALSO, Tlra Youne Millwright's and Miller's GUIDE. •Containing a 'fyfteni of mechanics and hydraulics as they 4;>pl? t<J water rtills with the avhole process of, 2nd -aii the ia:? improvements on the art of manufa&unng flour Sec intended to'be afeful to allconcarned in building orufing water-mills, which book is fold by Matthew Carey and Robert Campbell, booksellers. Sept. 15. g » Jtdiawtf. A few Bales of Book Muflinsj One ditto of Bed fide Carpets, -To be fuld low, to aiofe Sales, by Mordecdl Lewis. Novem. ti jawiao. James Tiffin? , IFHOLE iALE & RETAIL HATTER, N». 70, south Sscond rtrSN, near the City Tavern, HAS just received by the fate arrivals from Loudoa and Bristol, a large and elegant afTortment of Ladies and fiiotleflaeos faJhionabl* HAl'S.—Alfo, a variety of Qhiliirens HATS of different colours, which will be fold nr the Jov?e(l term, for cads. -V". B Ladies Hats triinV in the n«we!t faihicn from London, OA. 11. § ADVERTISEMENT. FiOM the firft of December neat, the anacal fubferip tior. thh Gazette wiU be EIUHT DOLLARS. Sabfcrf jers oat of the City will pay One Dollar a year in idJkio.i, for indollag a:id diraAing their Papers. ' Remote fubferibers are requested to pay up arrearages to the above period; also the half year's advance from that titne—thofe who do not, will be considered as de tuning a continuance of their fubfeription. / A ivertifements ot a ftjaare, or less, are publiflied in this Ga-ette once, for half a b»m. \r ; and continued at osz or * dou.au for ea:h subsequent insertion. The Editor acknowledges, with gratitude, the favors of his adverting patrons—He affnres them, that the en creafed, and encrealinj number of his fubferibers, is coil * tiuually ertending the circulation in the city—lts iiftant circulation is now to that of any other pablicatioa. Philadelphia, Novesaber 3, 1795. City Dancing AfTembly. THE Affemblics will commence for the Seafan, aft Thursday Evening, the 19th inft. jos. Rfdujv, 5 Sjt*-. tfrrrffTf, % Managers. —•- f" Tho. IV, Francis, } N'ovamber 4. dtljth. WANTED, On or before the firft of December ne*t, AFurnrftied ROOM, on firft or fccond floor, en a northern or wtfterir view, and fitnated between Vrent and and betwixt Walnut and Mulber ry-streets, for which a liberal price will be given. The furniture reijuiredare only tables and chairs, and chimney apparatus, as it is intended for Miniature-Painting buSnefs. Apply to the Limner at No. 13, north Fourth-ftrect. November a. $14*. • WANTED TO PURCHASE, Or to take 011 a Leafe"of about 3 years, to commence on'urabtmr ift of April next, A final! Farm, PROM JO to 60 acres, with fuflicient buiUing for farm ing she fame, and a decent heirfe for a genteel family— an equal proportion of meadow, arable, and Woodland, and 1 ftiort distance from Philadelphia, Trenton, or Wil ■< mington, will be the more djiirable. Apply to No. 187, south Third-street. Nov. 6. §6t. Notice. ALL oerfons indebted to the late pirtn«rfliip of iVei fir, AJgatt, Sc W'hilt, are dofired to make payment 10 P«ti» W.Gau.whit, No. 63, Chefnut-ftreet, who s» autkorifed to receive the fame. Those who have claims oa the said Firm willprefent them-to him. Demands on the estate of the late Pclatiith ffcbjltr, de eeafed, are to be exhibited to the firhferiber—and those aldebted to the said eiUte, are requested to make pay ment to RUT H PERIT, Executrix, 03oher to. dl»». No. 47 south Water-street. University of Pennsylvania, Oliober, 179 J. THE MEDICAL LECTURES will commence the firft Monday in November next. 3taw A COMPUTE PRINTING-OFFICE F OR SALE, Confiftiae of ißoclb".of Type, wcllalTorted; one ele gant Pre ft, ind every other article suitable for an ex t«nlive bufinefi. It will be fold together. Approved notea at i, 4, and 6 months will b$ taken in payment. For particulars apply so the Editor. o(ftoher 13, jawtm. ~ Canal Lottery. r ~ No. 149. Chefnut-ftreet, between Fourthi'tFifth-Jlrects. TICKETS eitamined grate, and every information giv ea refpe<Sting said Lottery. Also, Walhington and Paterfon Lotteries. ■ , O& f li. t For Sale, at Auction, At the BORSE MAKKET, on WEDNESDAY aeit, A pair of large, well-matched Brown HORSES, Will trot fact. They may be seen at Bidwell's stables, 1 corner pfChefnmtand Faufth-ftrects, at any time between this and the day Of Me. Nov. 7., dfic. Canal Lottery Tickets POP SALS, At No. 153, Chefnut Stfert. - PHUJ. Sept. 17- 5_ A good Cook, Will ma* with eoeftant cmploym::-?. and receive geoc reus wages, pplj to die Pri»ur. OA. 13. FROM THE ARGUS. THE DEFENCE—No. XXII. THE analogy of the rtipulation in the ioth article, with llipulations in otir other treaties,, and in the trcatiei between oilier nations, is the Kmain ing topic of difcuflion. After this, attention will f be paid to such obfervationj, by way of obje&ion to the article, ai may m>t Have been before express ly or virtually answered. The loth ankle of our treaty of amity and com merce wi;K Frauccj is in these words : •• For .the better promoting of commerce on both fides, it is agreed, that if a warrlhall break au: between the said two natians, fix months al ter the proclamation of war, (hail be allowed to the nlerchantl in the cities and tovkns where they live, for felting and traofporting their goods and mcr cliandizesj and if any thing be taken from them,' or any injury t)e done them within that term by tither party, or the people or fubjefts of either, full fatisfa£tion lhall be made for the fame." The 18th article of our treaty of amity and commerce with the United Netherlands, is in these words: " Eor the better promotirtg of commerce on bos h fides, it is agreed, that if a war should br«alt out between their high mightinesses, the States Genetal of jhe United Netherlands, and the United Stares of America, there {hall always be jjranttd to th« fabje&son each fide, the term of 9 months, after the date of the rupture or the proclamation of war, to the end that they may retire with their effc&s and transport them where they pk-afe, which it shall be lawful for them to de, as weij as to fell and transport their effects and goods with all free dom and without any hindrance, a»d without being able to proceed, during the said term of 9 months, to any arrest of their effe&s, much less of their persons } on the contrary, there (hall be given them for their veflels and effects which they would carry away, paffpoitr and fafe conducts for the nearelt ports of their refpeftire countries, and for the time necessary for the voyage." The ijd article of our treaty of amity and com. merce with Sweden, is in these words : " In order to faror commerce on buth fides as murh as- poflible, it i 3 agreed, that in cafe war /hould break 01K between the two nations, the term of nine months alter the declaration of war (hall be allowed to the merchants and fubjeits refpe£tive ly on one fide and the other, in order that they may withdraw with their effects and moveables, ' which'they lhall be at liberty, to carry off »r to fell' wliere they please, without the lead obltacle—nor (hall any seize their effc£ts, and much less their persons, during the said nine months ; but on the contrary, passports, which (hallbe ralid for a tiwe, necessary for their return, (ball be given them for their vessels and the effects which they'(hall be wil ling to carry with them—and, if any thing is taken from them, or any injury is done to thens'by one of the parties, their people and fubjedts during the term above prefer:'tjli, full and entire fatisfa£t:- on (hall be made tr, ii'iiuwt -■ *r±j t««»»ry<Tnrd article of our treaty of amity and commence with fruffia, contains" this provi sion : ■' If war (liould arise between the two contract* ing parties, th< merchants of either coantry, then reffding in the other, (hall be allowed to remain nine months to collect their debts and fettle their affairs, apd may depar.t freely, carrying off all their effects without molestation or'hindrance." These articles of four, and the. only commercial treaties we had with foreign powers, prior to the pending treaty with Great Britain, though differ ing in terms, in substance ; except as to time which varies from fix to nine months. And they clearly amount to this, that upon the breaking out of a - war between the c'ontiafting parties in each cafe, there lhall be for a term'of fix r nine months full prote£tion jnd security to the persons and pro perty of the fubje&s of one, which arc then in the territories of the other, with liberty to collect their debts*, to fell their gsods and merchandizes, and to remove, with their effetfts, wberefocver they please. For this term of fix or nine months there is a complete suspension of the pretended right to confifcate or fcquelter, giving or being designed to give an opportunity to withdraw the whole property which the fubjetts <sr citizens of one party have in the country of the other. The differences between these flipulations and that in the article under examination are chiefly these . the latter is confined to property in the public funds and in public and private banks, without any limitation of the duration of the pro teftion—The former comprehends, in addition, goods and merchandizes, with a limitation of the protedtion to a term of fix or nine mont-hs ; but with the intent and fappofition that the term al- ' lowed may and will be adequate to entire security. 1 The principle, therefore, of all the llipulations is : the fame j each aims at putting the persons and < property of the fHbjeds of oRe enemy, especially 1 merchants, being within the country of the ether 1 enemy a! tfee commencement of a war, out ef the 1 reach of confifcation or feqaeftration. The persons wltofe names , are to our other trea- ( ties, on the part of the United States, are Benja min Franklin, Silas Deane, Arthur Lee, John j Adams, and Thomas Jcfferfon. The three firft < are to the treaty with France—Mr. Adams is singly ( to that with the United Netherlands—Dr. Frank- < lin singly to that with Sweden, and these two, with 1 Mr. Jefferfen, are jointly to that with Ptuffia Ihe treaty with Sweden was concluded in April,- , 1783 ; that with Prussia in Aiiguft, 1785. These t dates reptl the idea, that confideratiorts of policy, t relative to the war, might have operated in the t cafe. ( We have consequently the fanftion of all these 1 characters to the prinfiiplffji which governed the Itipulation entered into by Mr. Jay, and »ot on I I y from the ratification of the fprmei*treaties at different periods,* distant from each other, by dif- I * The term " debrs," „ 9n }j exfrefed in the I PruJJinn treaty, lut there are in the other treaties , terms -which include debts, end this is the manifeU ft,,- i rit and intent of til.. - ferent defection: of wn i« oU, puMtc coumiU, but also (rotn theie never having been heard, in the community, a lisp or murrhur against the ftipula tioo, through a period o! seventeen years, count* , nig from the date of the treaty with France, there i is jistl ground to infer a coincidence of the public - opinion of the country. II I verily believe, that if in th« year 1783, atrea n ty had been made with Englaad, containing an ar . ticle limilar to the lOth in the present treaty, it would have met with general acquieicencc. 1. fpiiitof party had not then pre'difpofed men* minds to cftimafc the propriety of a meafurc according 11 to thS agent, rather than according to its real fit c ness and quality. What would then have been ap plauded as wife, liberal, equitable and expedient, e is now in more inflances than one, under the pes tilential influence of that baleful spirit, condemn - cd as improvident, impolitic and dangerous. Our treaty with Pruflia, the 23d article ofwhich f has been cited, is indeed a model of liberality, which for the principles it coutains, docs honour to the parties, and has been in this country a fub -1 jest of deserved and unqualified admiration. It t contradi&s, as if studiously, those principles of reftriflion and exclusion, which art the foundations i of the mercantile and navigating fyftein of Europe. 1 It grants perfect freedom of conscience and wor s (hip to therefpe&ive fubjedit and citrzeni, with no i (Jthet- refbaint than that they (hall not inftilt the re i ligion of others, adopting the rule that free (hip* , (hall malts free goods, it extends the protection to 1 the persons as well as t« the goods of enemies.— r Enumerating, asContiaband, only "arms, ammu -1 uition, and military (lores," it even provides that 1 contraband article* (hall not be confifcated, but . may be taken on the condition of paying for them, r It provides again ft embargoes of vessels and effect*. , It exprefily exempts women, children, scholars of r every faculty, cultivators *f the earth, artisans, 1 manufacturers, and fifhermen, unarmed and inhab r iting unfortified towns, villages and places, and in t general, all others whose occupations are for the common fubfiftance and benefit of mankind, their houses, fields, and goods, from molestation in their , persons and employments, and from burning, waft ing, and dellrudtion, in time of war ; and ftipu -1 lates payment at a reasonable price for what may r be necessarily taken from them for military use.— ! It likewise prote&s from feiznrc and canfifcation, 1 in time of w*r, vessels employed in trade, and in hibits the granting commifiions to private armed r vessels, empowering them to take or destroy ftich , trading vessels, or to interrupt their commerce ; j and it makes a variety of excellent provifiotis to fe-> r cure to prisoners of war, a humane treatment, r These particulars are dated as evidence of the t temper of the day, and of a policy, which then t prevailed, to bottom our system with regard to r foreign nations upon those grounds of moderation and equity,' by which reason relip-ion and philofo , phy had tempered maxims of more early : times. It is painful to observe an effort to make the public opinion, in this refpedt, retrogade, and to infect our councils with a spirit contrary to - \ m '\' f — J--- towards improvement in ■ true civilization and humaurtyi" 1 -^-- — If we pafs.from our own treaties,'to those be tween other nations, we friid that the provisions, ■ which have been cxtrafted from ours, have very ' nearly become formula* in the Conventions of Eu -1 rope. As examples of this may be confuhed, the ■ following articles of treaties between Great Bri.' • tain and other powers (to wit) the XVfll. article of a treaty of peace and commerce with Portugal, 1 in 164.2 —the XXXVI. article of a treaty of peace commerce, and alliance with Spain, in "1667— the XIX. article of a treaty of peace, and the 11. of a treaty of commerce with France, both in ty 13 and the XII. article of a treaty of commerce and navigation with Ruffu, in 1766. 1 The articles with Portugal provides, that if dif > ficulties and doubts (hall arifc between the two na • tions, which give reason to apprehend the inter ruption of commerce, public notic of it (hall be ■ given to the fubjeth on both fides, and after that notice, two years (hall be allowed to carry away tfie merchandizes and goods, and in the mean time, there (hal! be no injury or prejudice done to any ' pei (on* or goods on cither fid*. The articles with France, in addition to the provifien* common in other cafps, particularly stip ulate, that during the term of the pTote&ion (fix .months) " the fubjedU on each fide shall enjoy good and speedy jilt ice, so that during the said space of fix months, they may be able to recover their goods and effcfW.entrufted as well to the pub lic, as to private persons." ihe article witn Russia, bsfides (lipulatirrg an exemption fiom eonlifeation for one year, with the privilege (9 tenmvr and carry away in fafety, pro- | vides additionally, that the fubjefts of each party 1 " shall be furthrr permitted, cither at 01 before 1 their departure, to confrg* the effedh which they fhill not as ret have difpoled of, as well as the j debts that shall be dne to them to such persons as ■ they (hall think proprr, in order to dispose of them . according to their deftre and for their ben eft t, which i debts, the debtors (hail be obliged to pay in the fame manner as if no such rupture bad happen- A.; these articles are, with those in our treaties, j analagous in principle, as heretofore particularly 1 explained, to th« loth article of the treaty under j discussion. That of the Britiih treaty with France , dtfigijates expressly debts due from the public as well as those ducjfrom private persons. That with j Rufiia gpes-the full length of our tenth aiticle ; 1 empowering the creditor* on each fide to aflign j the debts, which they are not able to colle& within • the teim of their refidtnce to whomfocver they j think fit, for their own benefit, and declaring that 1 these debts (hall he paid to the afijgns in the fame manner as if no rupture had happened. There is a document extant, which may fair'y be 1 tippofed t« cxprefs the sense »f the government of I'ranee, at the period to which it relates, of the foundation of these ftipularion*. It is a memorial of Mr. Bu(fy, minifler from the Court of France to ' that of London, for negotiating peace, dated in the year 1701, and contains these pafcges "As it is impracticable for two Princes, who rr»ake wai i with each uth:v t to be:wetm gjem ivpiii it if,c \ >, *XZ re J ar re <« ike «Ler*_ equity and F,„ e ruanity have di&atcd tliefe precaution*, ti.at i- an unforeseen rupture happen, suddenly and wi;t, •* out * n 7 Previous declaration, foreign vefTels, wh-ch e navigating under the security ofp eact , aitd of ~0 ' c ties, happen, a( the time of the rapture, to be in either of the refpedive ports, (hall have time and i- full liberty to withdraw themselves. " Thii wife provision so agreeable to the rules t of good faith, ccnjiitute a. part of the law of nations e and the article of the treaty, which falsifies these s precautions, ought to be faithfully .executed, not. J withstanding the breach of the other articles of tl, c treaty which is the natural confcquence of tl*e i- war." •« The Courts of France and Great Britain used this salutary precaution in the treaties of Utrcctr and Aix la Chapelle." These presages jjlace the security ftfrulated in h the.treaties for the persons and property of .he -, fubjea* of one party found in tKe country, of ~n„ ir ther, at the beginning of a war, upon tint fontW - of in tonjlituting apart if tie Jaw of nations, wl.ic'i t 1 iflay be considered as a fotm.il diplomatic rfccogni ,f tioH of the principle for which we contend. As s this position was not itfelf in dispute between the r. two governments, but merely a collateral inference from it, applicable to veflcls taken at sea, prior to a 0 declaration of war, it may be regarded as a rcfpec - table teflimOny of the law of nations on the piinci -1 pal point. 0 If the law of nations confers this exemption from _ fcizure upon vefTels, which, at the time of the rup i- ture, happen to be in the refpethve ports of the ,t belligerent parties, it is evident that it must equa!- t ly extend its proteflion to debts i.l a i. course of lawful trade. Vcfiels are partictilaily i. mentioned, because the difcufiion turned upon tef ,f fels seized at sea. But the reference to the treaic. i, of Utrecht and Aix Ja Chapelle (hews that the mi . nifter, in his observation, had in view the whole n fubjeft matter of the articles of those treaties, which e provide for the security of merchauts and their ef r fefts in the event of war. \ r This conformity, in principle of the article.un . der examination, with the provisions in so many treaties of our own and of other nations, liken in f connection with the comment of Mr. Bu/Ty, brings - a very powerful support to the article. It is addi , tional and full evidence that our.Envoy, in agree - ing to it, did not go Upon new and untrodden 1 ground ; that, on the contrary, he was in a beaten b track ; that in pursuing the dictates of reason, and ; the letter opinion of wi iters, as to the rule of the law of nations refpefting the point, he was at the fame time pursuing the examples of all the other e treaties which we had otirfclvcs made, and of many i of tfiofe of other countries > CAMILLUS. (Übr Continued.) • Thus we find it the sentiment of this minister, J that it is imptfjibit f or two Princes who make war c with each other, to agree •which it the aggrejfar - with regard to the other. And yet Mr. Jay was to ' extort from GiCat Britain an acknowledgment that 1 A, <vai the aggressor with regard to at, and was guilty "ot puiilanunity in waving uw^jucAiwi.. r fkom the £*gii/h Review. I national Affairs " »Oa THE MONTH OF 4UCUST, 179/. ' . , FRANCE. ' Though peace *»s been made between France e and Spain, though this must infallibly be followed, ■ at no great diftanse os- time, by peace between • France and the Italian powers, as well as with the ! Empire of Germany and the House of Aullria; I tho the Freneh Republic is actually in pofTcffion of the Low Countries, comprehei.ding the Seven U • nited Provinces ; and, finally, the disasters of Quiberon .- it would seem that the pro • je<S of fen ding the emigrants to Join their friend*, : and laife a party in the interior of France is not yet abandoned. Certain it w, that if this,camiOt be don», all hopes of success to the Royalists are Hill. , Not tho the confederacy had temamed nn(haken r and evon new powers had joined, that any rational hope could Iwve been entertained of subduing |'u«h a country as France, united in its resistance. E migrants from different quarters of Europe aflkm ble at Sou'hampfmt. An array is colletled here, seventy thousand strong, and it is daily ineieafing. LOUIS XVIII. In the midst of these preparations, ifTtiesa procla mation fraught with fentimentsof dignity, clemen cy, and patrtotifm. Theconftitirtron of the French monarchy, that has led to so much prosperity and glory, he is determined, with the aid of his loyal fubjefts to maintain ; and, when tranquility (hall be restored, to reform its abuses. Several hundred thousand of this manifefto have published. Manifeftoes seldom prevail againfl the actual pof fefTton. It is not unaatural, however, in the French princes and aobles to ma)te the experiment. Among the emigrants are nambers of gentlemen of great courage and honor. The COUNT DE SOMB REUIL. Is a glorious inftatice of what fpiritsa great anonar. chy, and the love of glory, its natural concomitant, is capable of forming. Humanity might with for the relloration of the monarchy in the haads of so amiable and clement a princeasLouis XVIII. whom dreadful experience has taught the danger of «p ---preffion. It is conjedtured, that the aimy aflem bling on the coalt of Hampshire, is to attempt a march direflly to Paris, along the course of the Seine ; the fame route that was taken by our Ed» wards and Henrys in former times. Had this mea sure been taken in timej perhaps it might have been fuccefsful. But as we have often, indeed u niformly, l ad occasion to observe, we are always a day "behind the fair : equally deficient in wifdem of councils and promptitude of aftioii. The vigo roua preparations, however, that are still on foot, may have a tendency to forward negociatioiV for a general peace. Few, we presume, hope that it will restore the ancient government. The present war, or, as it has been called not improperly, crusade, furnifhes an inexhaustible source of various icdeftions, of which, the m»ft important to crowned heads is this, that it is big with danger I ~ '
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