i- : thei;o'Lv,::MAX cemtiael Federalist—No. 11. The OBJECTIONS to the TREATY refuted. Mr. Russell, THE third rtafon of the town of Boston against ratifying the treaty ii 'occaufc no indemnification is to Ik- made to the citizens ot the Untied Slates for property taken from them at the close of the war, the reftitutiiin of whifli is provided for by tin- Lime tr*-aty. Tlk* words of tlic treaty of 1753, ifferrrd t» by the town, an provable tSelf. . "His Butannic Maji'lty (hall witi» all convenient (peed, and with out canting any deltruition, or carrying away any negroes, or other property of the American juhab tants, withdraw all his annus, &c.3u\ It is undenloud that the United States, contend lliat rhis dclcriptioti applies to negroes, remaining within the Britilh lines alter the peace, but who l aving been captured, or invited by proclamation, H'.d fled to the fititifli during the war. The 13:itillv government contend for another confttuc tifjn, aid fay that negroes captured in war, or in viwd by proclamation bad taken refuge with them during the war, could be coni'idered as American pret erty, no more than lliips taken, or horses stray ed to them during the war. That on the capture of negroes by the Bvi(ifh, or the acceding by the ■nearocs to the terms of fitei'r proclamation, >they ccafcd to be the property of the Ameaicans, IE this reqfoning of the Bnrith be not f.itisfac tory to the people of the United States, candor will eljlige. them to admit that the British govern ment may think it jult.and Consequently a point extremely hard, if not irr.poffible to be obtained from them, since the concession would imply a fjcriiice of the public faith, which h<td been pledg ed tft the negroes. It is not luiown that the 'Eritifn carried away other property. The amount in value depending On this point, it greatly exaggerated, having been Hated, in con versation, at many millions of dollars ; while it is known from authentic documents, that the whole number of negroes, to whom the provilkms it) the treaty could puffibly relate, tall short of 3COO, that being the total carried away after th* peace, includ ing' many free negroes, and many Caves, who with' their proper mailers had taken refiige within the Britilh"fit es. Let any man make the probable de duction for free ucgroc.>, and thule fittves who ac comp uted their matters, and cor.fider that the re i«<aiiider included thtrfe of extreme old age, and the youngelt infants the tick and well, the worthless, and ihofe of value, and hermulbe convinced, how ever unfatisfaflory the conthuftioa given by/ the British may be to his mind that the evil is not of great magnitude, by .no means Sufficient to press an indemnity foi, iu hazard of the prOpeity taken from Mir citizen* on the ocean, in Hazard of our peace, and other articles of the treaty which may be cou hdered beneficial to the United States. The reason io " becanfe the capture of vefftls and the property of the citizens of tile United Sta f Cs mrtiie under the of the government or Great Britain, is a national concern, and claims atifing from o.:h captures ought not to have been fubmlttcd to the dccilion of >heir admiralty cotnts, as the United Slates are hereby precluded from hat ing any voice in the tiaal determination oi filch calls, and because the indemnification propoftd to be made, is to he fought by a process tedious, and cxpenlivc, in which ' iuHice may be delayed to an unreasonable time ; and eventually loft to many of the fufterers fro in their inability to pin Cue it, and bvcaufe this nj.jdc of indemnification bears no pro poition to the luminary method adopted for the latisr.tclijn of Biitiih claims." The frrlt charge hei*e is, that claims'arifing from' captures ipaik oil Aofterican property ought not tu have been iubir-.itt'id to ihe deeiiioi ef then ati- tiiirahy courts. .I'll the y.'ar i-jj, t!'-e King of PrnT:a coir, to the Kilii; of Grcil-Brli.T.-', .that the ;.ny lun fubicvi'ta had been uiiiavvcaptured ~:d condi lismil oil tire high teas, b.y ; fubjeas of he Kiiiii oi' Great Britain, The reply-the' l was, hat the f..oj>erty !.ad been regularly "trtYil in the ii.hrirait f courts .of Gicat Britain, which -couits .ricd cuut.-s according'to .the nnK'crCtl law of r;a hous.Wthc Itipu'.ations of the treaty, that affairs of this krtd aie and caii l>tj only, in the courts belonging to'that power, where the fciz&re ia /ii ide, In our own country the Briufh miniUcr com plrtii.ed to Mr. J. fferfon, then Secretary of State,' that certaij fpbjttta of his King injured by an Liability tif obtain their jufft iltnta*dto■ * Mr. Jefierfon replied "that ho nation can answer f u perfccl exactitude of proceedings in all tlieir i inferior emir's —It iufficcs to provide a supreme judicature, where error aad partiality «ill he ulti iftatelycorreSled. With this qualification-, »c have heretofore been in the h-tbit of confidently the ad fliiiiilliatian ofjuilice in Great Britain, as extreme ly pure. The admin ill rat ion of juitice is a bianch of tiie fovercignty over a country, and belongs tKclufively to the nation inhabiting it— v\ hen a c.uile has been adjudged according to the tules and form* of the country its justice ought to he prcfam e<] If any intlances .of unlawful impediments" have exiftci in any of the inferior tribunals they would liice other unlawful proceedings have been over ruled on an appeal to the higher convts. If not over ruled ithen a complaint tothe government would have been regular, and then interference probably effec tual, ' If Wur citizens would not profeciite their fights; it wan inipojfiblc they (liould recover them <ji be denied tecovery : and untill a denial of .tight th ough all tl.-e trrb-Jfuals-, there is in* jgrottnd of complaint." Here it app-ars that in other' cases, and w ; ith other nations thi< hits been thought jull by Great ( Britain : and in our own' country thedodtrine has Wu adopted towaid. Great Britain, and aequiefced in on iu: "part. [i likewife-t® be remarked that mod of the feizm es complained ot by tlie American citi zens have been nvtde by privateers owned by private individuals, and that every British fubjs£t has a right vhich neither king nor mini fief can deprive Li.n of, to have hiscatiie tried by the courts ol liis country and ii is not impoffuk '-hup iauu? claims may have been made l>y Americans, where tin property is liable by the law of natious 10 be con demned. It ought also to be remembered that the Bvitifh government made provision for the regular bringing forward to trial; caiifes, which, from cer tain ciscumftance« of the claimants had, by {trick law, 101 l their right to a trial in the supreme courts of admiralty—-and that our own government has sent a person to procure paper* and documents from the courts oi vice admiralty to support the claims of our citizeiu; to enter appeals, and give security for their proiecution, free of expenfc to the claimnants. , The trial by admiralty courts is fupporud, alluded to, and enforced by mmy en treaties. "In this method all captures at isa have been tried during all the late wars by the Europe an powers, and fubmittad toby the neutral powers. By iouits of admiralty a&ing according to the laws of nations, and particular treaties all capturers at lea have immemorially been judged of, in every country of Europe 4 any other methud of atrial would be manifeftly nnjuft, absurd and inipraclica ble." Thus the law and culloms of nations have been dated b'y the ablest and molt refpedlable civi lians of the present a**e. It may jultly be inferred, tliat the evils of the unfortunate people, whose property has been cap tured, will be icdceffed in a manner known, and prafilL-d by oilier nations in fitrilar cases, and re cognized as right by ourselves—that the injur ies, apprehended by the town for the fufferers, from l.\e expense attending the suits, and their incapacity to pursue their claims luve been fully provided for by the American government. To provide againfl evils which this method might not reach, it is expressly warranted in the ,7th arti cle of the treaty ; " that in all cases where adequate compensation cannot, for whatever reason, be now actually obtained, had and received by the said mer chants, and others in the ordirtary cotirfe of justice full and complete compensation for the fame, will be made by the Biitiih government to the said com- plainants." • The other part of the charge, eontainad in tkis reason, is that the mode of indemnification bears no proportion to the summary one adopted for the favis fa&ion of British claims. The fame 7th article of the treaty, flipulates that the declaration of ffie Preiident, as contained in Mr. Jeffsrfon's lettei, of the sth of September, 1793, to Mr. Hammond, shall be cariied into exe cution. This letter which is annexed to the trea ty, state', that having for particular reasons fore bore to use all the means, in the power of the Unit ed Stater, for the restitution of certain vefikls, the President tho't it incumbent on the United States to make compensation therefor. The government of the United States, voluntari ly foi bearing to make use of all the means in their power to obtain justice for certaiu British fubjefts, is certainly a different cafe from captures by British fubjedls of American property, on which the Brit illi government expressly stipulates that file will make use of all the means in her power to obtain lef tiuiiiori from the captors, of property wrongfully taken, and if thefc means are inadequate from what ever reason, (he will make full and complete cora penfation to the complainants. The American go vernment having decided that the demand of the British minister was right, chose between two evils, viz.- That of compelling restitution from the wrong doer when in their power, or making compensation iifelt——lt chof. the latter. The British government chose the former, and Mr. Jefl'erfon declaies in the letter before referred to, "that were all the means in the power of the natioii are trfed to obtain reflitution, and they fail, : -e did not mean to give an opinion that rellitution ought to be made by the government," but in this cale Mr. Jty has induced the Brilifh government to use all the means in her power, and make com petifation when these fail. It is presumed that a reference to the article in the treaty, Mr. J.'fFerfor.'s letet, and a consideration of the law of nations, as recognized by Europe and America, will convince all cpndid men, that the fourth lcafori of the town ought -*o have no weight against the treaty. The fifth teafon is " because this compact admits Biitifii fubjefls to an equal partitipation with our own citizens, of the interior traffic of the United States with the Indians, through our whole territo rial dominion, while the advantages ostensibly reci ptocated to our citizens, are limited both in their nature aiid extent." It hath been well underttood by men acquainted with the country occupied by tin? Indians, within the territory of the United States, and that which falls within the Britifli dominions, that by far the greatest proportion of Airs are colleded within the British dominions. If this is true, much is Mined to the United States by the fur trade, while Britain has nothing in return, but the liberty of traversing a wildentefs from which 110 traffic can be obtained. A littlerefledVion will convince us that our means of paying for such furs, and our export trade opened by this treaty are really superior to the benefits derived to Biitain, and will prove a source of great wealth to the Americans, While we are pcfTefled of an extent of sea qoaft, so immenfc, compared with that of Great Britain, it will readily be seen that the European and Afia tie goods, the latter of which car be aflords'd 011 better terms by us,- thaw the ftibiecis of Great Bri tain, exported from the United States, into their interior countries, must greatly exceed any quantities the British colouifts can rbring into the United States on thst quaiter. The embarrassments at tending an importation fr'onV Europe into Canada, New Brunfwic!:, and Nova-Scotia, by sea, and con finedasthofe inhabitantsof the countries are in their trade to the mother country < compared with our ad advantages of supplying thrm, by our easy commu-. nicatioti with them, and with every part of the world, will convince all candid men that the advan tages of thispait of the treaty arc chiefly on our fide. But fttll it may be said they have a- right to come into our country, and we have not aright to enter the feapovts' of their colonics in ow own veflels. If it appears from an examination of the advantages and diladvantages of this article of the treaty here referred to v that we receive mote than we grant j t Biiifi be admitted thai this rcafon ought not to prevail againil a ratification of the treaty. " By the treaty we are equally admitted iiito each other's territory on the laud board, for the purpis ("es of Hafllc. Before ths treaty is ratified,' neither <njoy» this right. They enter our fea-porti as free ly now, as they can by the treaty—wexre not per nitted to enter theirs. This inltrument gives them 10 new right on the sea board. It d<Jes not dimi sifh any we poflefs. Under the treaty we can car iv'on commerce with their colonies by land. F'rom ivafons before fiaved', our trade there mutt be very advantageous, while theirs in our territory cannot be JiladvantageoHs. By this article therefore it appears we have gain ed much, for which we have given but little, it any I tlin'g ; for rone will pretend that by the means of tbe lakes, the Briiilh coloniftt can underiell the Airrancan merchant, dill less will any pretend thai we do Rot gain immensely more of tAc fur trade than we grant The iixth rcafon is,' beoaufe " the alien duty upon our merchandise, impoited TTito the United States by Britilh iubje&s, in their own bottoms, is, if not wholly suspended, at leall contrafled not to be encreafed." The I jth art. of the treaty contains a stipulation of parties, that places their (hips and merchandize* reciprocally on the footing of the mod favored na tions, and merely reserves a right to the British go vernment, to irppofe on American vefTels, entering into Briti(h ports in Europe a tonnage duty equal to what Biitith vefTels pay in American ports, and such duty as may be adequate to eountervail the difference of duty, now payable on the importation of European and Afiatfc goods, wheu imported in to the United States, in British or in American relfels, Tliij mud be the article to which the sixth rea son alludes—and it certainly cannot be "derogatory to our national honour and independence*' so be willing to meet the British nation on terms of equa lity ; when it is considered that we have fim'ilar ar ticles in our treaties with France, the United Ne therlands, Sweden and Prnflia ; that it is common in moll of the modern treaties, and especially was of late infertcd in the treaty between France and Great-Britain ; at lead it behoves th'ofe who make the objeiSiofis, to shew in what conliits our power to compel a nation to trade with us, on terms by which we (halljmpofe heavier duties on her trade, than we do on others, while fhc imposes no heavier duties on us, than (he does on others. In' general terms it has been said, that the treaty wes not reci procal— here is an objeflion that rt is reciprocal. LONDON, June 21 The only interelting article in the foreign gaz ettes by the mail is that dated from Ratifbon. It is *lfo to be noticed, that his Imperial Majesty's Ministers have taken unusual pains to have the re pow contradicted in all the German newspapers, thatfthe Emperor was negociating a peace with the French Republic. According to the mod official accounts received of tht damage done by the late fire at Copenhagen, it appears thtt one third of that city is reduced to alhes'; and that 20,000 inhabitants are burnt out, and the grcatell number of them are left without any refourccs. It is not known how many lives ♦iave been loft. It is now certain that our court goes into mourn ing far Lmiis XVII. Juni 30, Mejfr.ig in St. Gaorge'j Fields In consequence of an Advurtil'ement m some ofthe Daily Papers, as well as from a number of llmd-bills having been circulated, convening a Meeting of [he Apostles of the London Corresponding Society in a piece of ground not far d.Hant from the Obeliflc, in St. George's Field?, some thousands of persons colle<fled there yesterday afternoon ; many, no doubt, from views of riofrand difaffe&ion to this or any other Go vernment eftabhfhed by Law , but many more from raotives only of curioGty. On the Sunday preceding, as well as yeftenffy morning, some large baflcet-loads of biscuits were dis tributed among the poor, ilamped with the following infeription : on the legend are these words : " Unan imity, firmnefs, and spirit and on the iufide was {lamped, " Freedom and plenty, orflivery and "want." This infeription will iuffice to give the public a vtry c6rrei!\ idea of the views of those who were the pro moters cf "this Meeting. We tan evidently trace in iwhe progress of French anarchy, and the exercise of those meafares which have been of late pointed out in some of our Jacobin Newspapers, to instigate the low er orders of the peopUr to adls of rebellion againfl Government, as being the iource of the present scarcity oi bread ; whereas no Government ever took greater precautions to prevent it. About three o'clock, a mail of the name of Jones, who fells drugs somewhere in the neighbourhood of Tottenham-court road, took the Chair ; and loon af ter opened the Meeting by an elaborate speech against the prefest Government of the Country. It included all the common place topics which we have heard brought forward at the different Debating Societies against the constitution of the Country, as now hap pily ellabhfhcd. We fhallnot'fully this Paper by re citing all the libellous matter tittered by this disciple of Efculapius ; but the theme of his dilcourfe was An nual Parliaments and Universal Suffrage. Citizen Jones concluded by recommending to the People, that if they could not obtain relief to their grievances by legal and constitutional representation, they should take the Law into their own hands, and not be terrified by the Bafliles ere<Sed by Ministers. A Irong firing of Resolutions was then read expref fivie of the riotous disposition of the Founders of the Mceljtig ; and an Address .was moved to the King, as wen 2s thanks to Citizen Stanhope, for his manly and impartial conduit in the House of Lords, and that the Public had reason to congratulate themselves that they had at least one honest man in Parliameut. An a mendmeat was afterwards moved, that Mr. Sheridan should be included iu the vote of thanks, which was a dopted. The Meeting seems to have completely- tnfwered he purpofesof Tome of its Committee, as many thou and tickets, at 6d. each, had been issued, to admit leople within the piling of the field. There was no liflurbance of any kind. The Gentlemen volunteers jelonging to the London, Westminster, and South- A'ark Afi'ociations, were in readiness on Kensington »nd CUpham Commons, tohavcaffilled the Magillrates in the execution of theirduty, if neceflary. The pub lic arc very much obliged to theft gentlemen for their prote<Sion. Numerous tidies of people continued to parade about St. George's' fields till a late Wur Isifl night, but tlitre were ho lytr.ptoms of fcrious riot. A FEDERALIST Some men in aprons, who had polled ti.einfeivci near the Korle Guards, liaJ the audacity to raile i hiiis and cry as the K.iiij paiTcd on Sattuday to die l-'iriia* mcnt House. They were found to belong to a Distil lery near Old street, and took this mode of vciuing their I'pleen, at the faliitary nicafure of Parliament, in flopping ail distilling during the present fear city of Corn. Mr. Burridge, a Merchant of Portfitlnuth has enter ed into a contract with the Navy Board, to get up the remaining ilores, artd entirely clcar the wreck of th* Boyne, lately burnt at Spithea-I, within twelve months under the penalty of ioool. He has already got up n guns, Some weeks since, information given to the Se cretary of State by the Government agents at Dover, of an Italian gentleman of the name ot Cantua, being in that Town, whefe contJiidl induced llrong i'ul'piticiw of his being a Spy ; in coiifeqiJcnee of which, Rois-thc Meflenger was Cent down to apprehend him.—On an nouncing to Mr. Cantu»j hts buliuefs, he.lmmediately put him in pofll-flion of his papers, 3cc. and with cheur fulnefs accompanied him to town, observing, that he was master ot his own time ; that he intended return ing to the Continent, but that he should noi be incon venienced by delaying his jouney. During his examination and detention in town, his conduit was such as entirely to diffipnte the fufp'itlotis which had been entertainedof him, ami he was dil'char ged, with foine rem jneration for his lots of time, See. On Saturday fc'nnight he proceeded t > Yarraotlth-. there to embark for Cruxhlven- His behaviour at the Inn, on Saturday night, induced observation, and when lie.went out to walk out on. Si/nday morning he was watchcd to the Denes, where he Suddenly difappeaied, lie was discovered in a few miriutes ; but—-horrid to relate ! —he had nta'rly fevered hi. head from hii body, and was quite dead. The fatal instrument lay by him. In his pockets W-cre found ca(h and bilis to the amount of 2001. The Co'ronrr held an inquest on the body, and -found a verdifl —Luiiacy j and on Tuefdjiy evening his re mains were intfred in the Church. Mils Brodcriek's Trial for the Murder of Mr. F.r ringti|rt, couirson at on 'lu i6chof July WARS AW,June 3. [ETxtradt of a private IctUT.J " Our garrison conlifts at present of I foo Ruf. fians. The caup near Willanow is t» be reinfoiVctl lo ilio iximlicr oi 50,000 men. " Tlie emigrated Polandersl'who fled into the territory ofVeniae,'.o proctxd.frorryth.cnce to France have left that c«un»y, it having been intimated to them by the French M'liifter at Venice, that Fiance coulcj f>i»t ioterfere in the affairs of Poland." JUNE 5 His Polilh Mnjclly having not been able to obtain to return n> tins place from Grodno, hai de manded of Prince Repnin to inform hi™, whether Its had to eonfidi r hinilelf as 2 prifoiier at Grodno, <t as an independent Kirjg I upon which Prince Re pin is fair] to liaTe feet » CiHirrer to Peterdnir-jh. It is now known, that it was C.>unt Kicilick' and Anrhony Trembukj', who carried off ih Crown jewels which vis Ut'.)t ft f- By this Day's Mails. BAL i IWORIi, Aufruh 18. Extract i f a lttler imni - al Fijri D, pliin, ts hi* fiicild in t|,i g t OH J 1 795 V Will, very great nWafute I rtnbrace tlicprt fr.it opportunity, to inform you us our fafe arrival here tlle 23di1.it. after a of j 9 da\s, during svkich nothing material occurred until we came, up with the vVclt Caicos, where we were boaufol Ijy a French privateer of ! 6 guns—l thought it heft to tell them we were botfd to the Cape, on which t |ie ) ordered us to make fail, and as they continued to follow, I have no doubt hut they meant to fee «» in. We, partly thro' intention, felt to forward of the Cape, that we might h ire a pretence the following day to -beat 14, and if" he comi.i dto follow us, to give him the flip in the night ; but an English (loop of warappearun., the otbci made the belt of his way to Port-V-Paix, and I believe to that circumltance we owe our getting" in here. Another EngliHi sloop of war came in with us, ai d 1 am told for the purpose of getting two Spanish Blips of.the linc nowHiere, to alfiit them in an at tack again ft Port-dc-Paix, which I am well allured is fhorily take place ; but, from what came I know not, the fohciteil aid will not be granted. L.alt Monday a vessel from St. Thomas informed, tnat 7 fail of the line, with troops on boaid for this island, was ijj Jignt. This morning another vciTel from St. 1 homas, fays the French ships are arrived at Gsadaloupe. r\ peace between trance and Spain is much .talked of here. " No-p>odnce, ju ie at present—last prices, cof fee,* 1 2 dollars per c.wt. hides, 1 1-2 dollars; mo lafles, 3 bits per gallon. VefTels now !yins here, Sloop je%rfon, captain Stewart, of Philadelphia, fame tune ago plundered by a French privateer, between St. Thomas and Porto Rico, of all their cloathesand rrtoney ; brig Maria, captain Boor.ry, of Boston, with beef, pork, fifb and dry goods ; and yelterday arrived from Porto Rico, the brig Hope, captain Kennedy, of Baltimore, with pork, soap, candlei and dry goods ; fchmmer , cap tain Rich, of Bollon, arrived yesterday, plundered by a French privateer, 15 leagues to windward of Monte ChrilH." % NEW-YOR»K, Aug. 17. From a \:cw of the foreign papers we.collect the following general facts. That Great Britain, 111 alliance with the Emperor and Emprels of Riiffia, is puflnug the war againtl Prance. That the Emperor hasrr.anilelled a t'.ifpo lition- for peace, but iniiitt that the Germanic States fa all not enter into separate negotiations with France and that until a general peace with the Em pire can be effe&ed, all the Princes (hull cb-opciai® with vigor in carrying on the war. That Riiffia, has dire&ed a lery of ico,ooo men to her armies. That the King of Prufltn thi-ks him. felt in danger from the hostile preparations of the Empress. That the Royalists in the weft of F ran re are again railing the standard of rebellion, aiuj pre* parat 10ns are making io England to aid them with a body of forces. That the |acubi;is are held in iuch universal detettation, as to be hunted arid de- Itroyed like beafls of piey. That affignats c.inriVitie to depreciate, a lonis d'or being worth 1 900 liv.es That provilions beggn to be more picntiiui- That the eflaWifhmefvt. as a Conftitutiou o cupics the j.- .'/V ».. • C-v* . • ,"1" ' *" *' 'i t»• 1 it Oi 1 * UIKCj itiC iui <1 iGi Hi Of July
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