**■ A* i LAWS OF THE United States. Yin AC r to alter anil amend the 08, in tituled "• An aft laying ttrtain duties u pon Ji'tjf and refinedfug.tr." Sec. I, 1J F. it enaScd by the Senate i ) and iioufc of Riprtfenta tiv's of the United States of America in Congrrfs ajftmhhd, That the duty; of eight ccnu per pound on fnuff laid by thtasl of the lalt Uffion, intituled "An aft laying certa 11 dunes upon fnuff and refined " (hall ce*(e on ihe latt day of March, in the prcfent year, and fliall 1101 thenceforth be collided : bn' in liiu thereof, there (lull be levied am collc&ed upon all mills employed ii he maaufafturcof fnuff within the Uui led States, the following yearly rate and dutiis, to wit :—for ami upon eacl it net every mortar contained in any mil worked by water, and for every pair ol millstones employed in the manufafturi of fnuff, five hundred and sixty dollars lijHiii every pestle in any mill, other thar foity dollars: upon every pestle in an) mill worked by hand, one hundred ant twelve dollars : and upon every mill ir which fnuff is manufactured by Ham pets and grinders, two thousand tw< hundred and forty dollars per annum. Sec. 2. And be it further enacted. That the duties aforefaid, ftial! be levi e 1, and accounted for, b) t :e fame of ficers, as are provided by the aft, intt tuled, " An aft repealing after the lad day of June next, the .duties heretofore hid upon distilled spirits imported from abroad, and laying others, in their ft end and alto upon spirits dillilled within ting the fame," fubjeft to the fuperin tcndance and controul of the depait ment of the tresfury according to the refpeftive aiithoi ities and duties of the Officers theteof. Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That every person, who (hall be a ma nnfafttirer of fnuff, on the ill day of April in the prefsnt year shall within thirty days thereafter, ant in each fuc cceding year, at least thirty days before the id day of April, make a true and exsft entry, or entries, in writing at the office of infpeftion which (hall be Tieareft to the house orbuiWing where he shall carry on the buiinefs or trade ot manufacturing fnuff, therein fpecifving, truly and particularly, every house or building in which the said manufacture fh'afi be carried on, with the number of mortars in every mill by him owned, occupied or used, and W9l ked by water, and every pair of millstones used or em ployed in the manufacture of fnuff, and every pestle in ever y millasaforefaid, dif tinftly fpccifyi ig fuchpeftl»sas aie wor ked by other means than by hand, and also eyery pestle worked by hand, as ?110 every mill in which fnuff is manu factured by tlampersandgrindeis : And every peifon who shall commence the bufmefs or trade of manufacturing fnuff, after the said firft day of April, shall, at least thirty days beforecommencing such mnnufafture, make like entry or en tries yearly, in manner as is before directed ; and in failure thereof, every such mantifaftttrer (hall forfeit and lose every mill, in refpeft to which such en try (hall not be made, with th • utenftls thereto belonging, and (hall al To far felt and pay the sum of five hundred dollars, to be recovered with costs of suit. Sec. 4. And be it furthet ena<Sed,That every person who (lull be, on the firft day of April, m the present year or ar any time thereafter, a manufa<£turer of fnuff within the United States, Ik who (hall have made the entry or entries herein before directed, lhall be entitled, on application therefor, in writing by himfelf, or his agent or at torney, to the officer of infperfiion with whom entry (hall have been made, to re ceive a licence for each and every mill by bim owned, occupied, or used in carry ing on the said mamifa&nre of fnuff, for the term of one year, which licence (hall be granted without fee or charge, upon the condition of giving a bond or bonds, with one or more fufficient fur eties, for the amount of the duty or duties for one ve*r, which according to thin act ought to be paid for and upon the mill, in ref peft to which the said licence is requested, with condition to pay the fame in three e qual parts : one third part at the expira tion of nine months, another third part the expiration of twelve months, and the remaining third part, at the expiration fifteen months from the date nf such licence: Provided, That in lieu of the said bond or bonds, it (hall be at theoptien of the mannfadiurer topaythe said amount of the (aid duty immediately, with a de dnfiion or abatement of fix per cent. Sec. s• And be it fikther enarfted, That '>• licences herein diie<fted to be granted, fhajl be prepared by the supervisors of the refpeCtivelv, pursuant to such forms as (hall be prescribed by the treafurv : nartment, and wnen issued, such liccn e ' hall, in refpe<?l to all persons who shall } ■ :he i.ranufaiturers of fnulF, on the firft day of April in the pfefent year bear dateon Sec. 14. Ant'. .>e it thefaidday; &. inivfpedtto allperfons who jf Any Tnuff entered or e p> | (hal'i thereafter commence the said miufac- intention to obtain a r w turc, such licence (hill bear da-e on the [hall be relanded or attempted t° be fir ft dav of the Quarter of the year in landed within the 1 1 ■ which the said ii cnces shall be issued, and be fubjedt to seizure and g the hid quarters of the year (hall be deem- ther with the (hip or vessel ' ed, and are hereby declared to commence (hall be unladen, and the vessel or boat u on the firft days of January, April, July, which it (hall be pu , i 1 ~r,„K„r in J- commander of the (hip or reliel trom Sec. 6. And be it further enadted, That which the fame is unladen, fcall eve. y manufacturer of fnufT, to whom a li- forfeit and pay five hundred dollais . Pro- Unci may ha " been granted, so long as he vided, That every prolecution tor any such or (he (hall intend to carry on thebufinefs of offence, (hall becommenced « manufacturingfnufT, shall yearly, and every months from the time w» e fame wa yea.-, within the thirty days immediately committed, and jb»< the (hm, vdW, or preceding the expir ition of each licence, boat trom which any such fnuff (hall be apply for a new licence for the next fuc- unhdeu or landed, (hall continue fubjedt eeedmgvear, in manner heretofore d.redt- to such feizlire and forfeiture for twelve ed, and in like manner, (hall pay or secure months from the time the offence wascom the payment of the duties for such year, mitted, and no longer. , n » Sec. 7. And be it fnrther enadted, That .Sec. 13. And be it further enait^d, il after the firft day of April next, any That it (hall be the duty of the collea perfon who (hall carry on the business of ors granting debentures for fnuff ex man ufachirmg fnuff, without a licence for p or t t d, to keep a fcparate account that purpose, according to this aft, or (hall t j, ereo f t an d t o fpecify the mill or mills car,7 on the fame at or with any mill or , rted> was ma 0 her than that mentioned in such licence, H *7 , of the such manufacturer, so offending (hall for- And the Secretary ot the feit and pay upon every convidlion, of lreafmy (Viall cause an account to be such offence, treble the yearly amount of laid before the legislature annually, ot the ot duty hereby charged upon the t he produce of the revenue arising from mill or mills wherein or whereby the said aßt ] 0 f the amount of the draw bufinefs (hallbe carried on. And all duties backs for w |,i c h debentures have been and every mill in relpect to which such du Sec. .4.A nd be.lt further enacted ty or penalty (hal! have accrued, until the That all penalties and forfeitures which fame he fully fatisfied and paid. (hall be incurred pursuant to this aft, Sec. 8. And be it further enadted, That be divided and diltributed, one upon all fnuff, which, after the last day half thereof to the use of the United rf March, m the year one thoufandleven a „d the other half thereof to hundred and ninety five, (hall be manufac- ' . , r , . r cc„.. 14 in the tTnited"States, and shall beex- 'he use of the person who if an office ported therefrom, under the limitations of infpeftion, (hall firft ditcover, or it and provisions herein after prefcribe.f. the not an officer of infpeftion, (hall firft ;xporter or exporters thereof (hall b a fri ve information of the cause, mattei entitled to a drawback of fix cents per thing, whereby any of the iaid pe ->ound: Provided, 1 hat the quantity ex- na j t j eg anl j forfeitures (hall have been ported at any one time by the fame person . , Tiall amount to three hundred pounds. . mctirre . a . Sec. 9 , And be it further enadted, That Sec. 15. And he it further enacted, 11 order to entitle the exporter or export- That it (hall b« lawful ror the rrelidenl >rs of any fnuff, to a drawback thereon, of the United States, who is hereby ;very such person shall, previous to the re- empowered to make such corapenfatior noval thereof, from the mill or ware- •tQ t j ie ( ,ffi cers 0 f infpeftion employed roiife where the fame maybe, make out, | ln th( . colle£tion of the duties aforefaid, n writing, an exadt entry, in which fcall , d h . le fpecified the outward packages in which < dnu " K » he fame is intended to be exported, the , upon carriages for the conveyance oi lame of the manufacturer, and the marks j persons, and for incidental expenses, ind numbers of each, the quantity of fnuff j as he lhall judge reasonable, not exceed n each package, and the number of hot- ; n g ; n t h c whole five per centum of the les, canisters, bladders, or other packa- tota j amo unt of the said duties collect »e; containing the fame, the name of the /effel and commander, in which such fnuff 1 1 , , . - , „ , s intended to be exported; and (hall make i Sec ,6. And be ,t further enacted >ath or affirmation to the truth of such That from and after the last day ol ■ntry, that the fnuff therein fpecified was March in the present year, the fevera nannfadlured in the United States, after c l a uses and provisions of the aft, intitu. he last day of March, 1795, and the name ] ft j « a( laying certain duties upor >r names of the person by whom, and the an j rc f„, ec l so far asth< #10 where it was and that re j aU . to the l aying an d col he fame is truly and bona fide intended to . f „ J « exported out of the United States, and left.ng of duties on fnuff manufafturec hat no part is intended to be relanded in the United States, (hall be, and th( herein. And upon such entry being so fame art h«reby repealed ; except as tc nade and certified, it (hall be the duty of the recovery and receipt of such dutiei he eolledtor to whom such entry is ten- on f nu ff a3 (ball then have have accrucd lered, to cause the said packages to be ex- t j ie payment of drawbacks on fnufi .mined, and to permit the fame to be ex- | * J to the rccoverv 0 f an , >orted, under the mfpedtion of an officer A F . ' ~, , . , A )f the customs, in like manner as is pro- penalties and forfeitures, which fhal <ided for the exportation of other goods, have been incurred, before, and on the vares, and merchandize entitled to draw- said day, but the revenue to arise from lack: Provided, That no drawback shall the duty on fnuff manufactured within le allowed on any fnuff, except the fame United States lhall remain charged hall be exported from any of the ports jth fame appropr ; ations as if ,hf, it which ships or veiiels from the Cape ot l. r . r , , , . A 3ood Hope, or from any plac, beyond » a „ had not 5 he fame, are admitted to make entry. I ffiall continue in force until the hilt day Sec. 10. And be it further enadted, That of March, one thousand eight hundred very exporter of fnuff entitled to draw- an d one. lack, shall enter into bonds with one or Approved, March the third, 179' nore sureties, in an amount equal to dou ile the amount of the drawback, conditi- —— —- incd thst the fame (hall not be relanded vithin the United States; and the mafte r commander of the ftiip or veflel ii < hick such fnuff is reported to he (hipped hall make oath or affirmation, that th< luckages fpecified in the outward entry .re adtually laden on board his (hip or vef el, and, that the fame, or any part there if, (hall not be relanded in the Unitet itates ; and upon such oath or affirmatior icing made, and the other provisions o: he adt being complied with, the colledtoi cith whom such entry is made, (hall gran . debenture or debentures, for the amoun if the drawback to which such lnuff ii ntitled, payable in twelve months fron he time of granting the fame; and fuct lebenture or debentures (hall be difcharg d by the colledlor granting the fame, a tc expiration of the term, out of an) uiblic money in his hands. Sec. 11. Provided always, and be i urther enadted, That before the paymem >f any debenture, the person demanding uch payment (hall produce to the collec or, the oath or affirmation of the maftei ind mate of the veflel, (in which the fnuf or which such debenture was granted) de daring that the fame was adlually landet n feme foreign port or place, and was no' ir any part thereof, to the heft of theii inowlec'ge ind belief, telanded orbroughi jack t* the United States: and the perfor Itnunding such payment shall likewifi nake oath or affirmation in like manner hat the fnuff for which such debenture w*; rranted, was not, according to his bef tuGwledge and belief, re-landed in, 01 ir brought back to the United States: Pro ridedalfo, That in eases of loss at sea, 01 >ther unavoidable accident, whereby the >ath or affirmation of the captain or mate if the fhi;' or vessel cannot be obtained, it hall be law'ul for the Comptroller of the rreafury to admit such other proof as to liin (ball appear fatisfadtorv, under the pecia'. circnmflancet cf the cal'c. THE CLERGY. ExtraH from a Connecticut paper. Among the fevetal aspersions publicly ] cast, in this country, upon the clerical cha- i rafter, I have seen in a few instances, in- < finuations, that those, who sustain it, are unfriendly, or not thoroughly frieudly, to liberty. Of all the filly and groundless things, which the enemies of clergymen have said, this is the most groundless, and ■ filly. I presume it must have arisen from these two fa£U ; that is, so far as it has at all arisen from fa<sh, and has not origina ted in mere malice and falihood: viz. The opposition to liberty, made by the clergy of some countries in Europe, and the censures, palled by several, perhaps most of the clergymen in this country, on the jadobmical excesses in Franee. In the account, already given of the state of clergymen in most European countries, very fufficient reasons may be found to prove, that arguments, drawn from their conduit, or cireumftances, will fail in their application to this country, and that cooclufions may as well be inferred from any other source, for the like purpose. As to the censures, cast on the late excesses in France, no clergyman, no man, who is not deftitut/* of-every moral principle, who is not deftituteof common humanity, who is not destitute of common sense,. can at tempt to juftify them. The National Con vention has, itfelf, cast as fevrre censures on them, as have been cast on them, by any man irt tjjis country. Such fencures im-- ply no unfriendlinefs to the general strug gles of the French Nation for freedom, no wilh that they may fail of success, and no willingness to fee them again enslaved. The condemnation of such means, as may ■ be used, involves no disapprobation of the i end, for which they are used. The gene ral extent ion of liberty and the particular ellablifhment of liberty in. France, has >' ♦ been too often publicly prayed for by c'ereymen of this country, to leave a cioubt iof their good will to liberty. But this, in | no measure, implies their approbation of the patriotic baptifrn, or of jacobin dubs. But we are not compelled to deduce the truth, for which I contend, or to evince the fallhoud, which I oppose, from premises and principles. Ea6ls molt a bundant, and most unequivocal, are at hand, to decide this point, and with the utmost latitude. All the liberty, exilting in Great-Britain, Ireland, Holland, and Switzerland, is wholly owing to Religion, to Christianity, and, except irt a lew can tons of Switzerland, to prqteftantifm. Mr. Hume, the most sagacious, and one of the most zealous enemies of Christianity, has declared, as, if he would speak the truth, he could not but declare, that all the liberty, now in Great-Britain is wholly owing to the Puritans, the aneeftors of 'the people of New England; among whom their clergymen held an almost un bounded sway. All the liberty, now in New-England, is derived from the fame source; and from the people, regarding clergymen, and influenced by them, pro bably more, than any other people ever were, in afiy age or conntry. As, in all the public concerns, and particularly the inftitu ions of this country, they had a powerful voice, if they had been enemies to liberty, (hould not we. among whom those institutions now remnin, find some traces of that enmity. Let it be remem bered, in opposition to this senseless ca lumny, that in this, the freeft state in the world, the whole state of society was in a great measure contrived by clergymen. In the late contest with Great-Britain, the clergy of New-Eugland w»ye, almost to a man, decided friends of the revolu tion. The Cupport, which they rendered to the cause of liberty, was very great. No class of men, the army excepted, has a better title to boast, on this intereiling fubjedl V nor have the services of any other clafs,befide the army, been more general ly, or mort fully acknowledged by their fellow citizens. It has been observed, that their weight in the community has been too great. Their enemies are, probably, not aw are of the conlequence, neceflarily flowing from this observation. Let me aik them, Is there now, or has there ever been, in the world, a happier community? Jf j there neither is, nor has been a happier, it follows, as a consequence, that the too great weight, complained of, has been both wifely and effectually exerted, to do good ; that, while the weight of clergy men was thus great, it had its own great {hare in forming the happiest of ail com munities. The idea, that clergymen have, here, as in several countries of Europe, an interest diftindl from that of the community, is without foundation. With as much truth, | might it be said, that Shoemakers, or J Smiths, and with mor;, that Lawyers, have fucU a feparite interest. All the well being of a clergyman, in the pre Tent world, must stand, or fall, with that of his people. This truth might be easily shown by an induction of particulars. Nor would the contrary sentiment ever have been thought of, in this country, but for the mere purposes of calumny and ill-will. To the enemies of Christianity allthtfe things will, I am fehfible, appear in a different light. To them they are not addrefled. Rcafon is not the proper mean of addrefling hatred ; nor truth a suitable weapon in combatting prejudice.—When ! they can Ihew as much public and private | happiness, produced in any country by Infidels, is has been produced, and pro longed, both here and in Switzerland, by clergymen, we lhall stand more on the fame level. HISTORr OF JACOBIN CLUBS, Extracted from a French history of the French revolution. " Another feriout misfortune to France was the influence acquired hypo pular focieties —The JACOBIN CLUB, originated from a small and secret aflociati on of about forty Gentlemen and men of letters, who united themselves long pre vious to the meeting of the States Gene ral, for thepurpofe of dijptminatingpoliti cal knowledge; among the mass of the peo ple. It was at iaft melted into the Breton Club, at Versailles, during the firft sessions of the national aflembly ; and the society becoming numerous, on the removal of the King and Aflembly to Paris it obtained pofieffion of the Chapel of the Jacobins, on the diflolution of the monastic orders— The popularity which it acquired foot! rendered it extremely numerous, and th>s circumflance pointed it out as a proper en gine to work upon the paflions of the ! multitude. From a very early period of itsinftitution, one principal objedt was to difcuis such political questions as were like ly to be agitated in the National Aflembly in order that the members might a<sl in concert according to the decisions of the majority. This plan was reduced to a system when the Club became numerous, and a regular President, and Secretaries were choCen, and became a national af femblj in miniature* Besides the members, ah immense multitude of auditors were admitted into the Galleries who applaud ed or condemned the Speakers, as pafiion or caprice dictated—Here the most inflama ■ tory declamations were heard with the most clamorous testimonies of approbati on, and every proposition in the least in clining to moderation in sentiment, or wisdom in political cenduil, was reproba ted and condemned —In few words, it be came ultimately the mere vehicle of fac tion, where, as is usually the cafe in such instances, the worst men, and the worst i ■ meafurct were commonly triumphant." I - . 'x Again, " t mist h -i irv,s of pro,- , ing bad difpefitidos j. M uiu tfe been the popular forieties tor debating i * on political fubjefls—and the Jacob -*- particular. In the firft dawn of f, . liberty such institutions might hav, i their use ; but they fticuid even thei h . been retrained within moderate he. , and as soon as pofitble, diflblved— : have afforded a constant afy\ uro to tht pro fligate ; and in these every abftirdi 1 ' , e- TB very measure of feditioh, and of «siie!<y in the National Councils, have c, . ated." ' ® Jealoufymight lead us to fnfpecfl the utl or impartiality of this history, if i' - s not confirmed by the information o< Monroe, our Minister at Paris—He ti i to be enthufiaflically devoted to tfie Ciufe of the French -his authority the ;}, e must be to our democrats the mo.: exceptionable, if not themoftpalat» e - The extracts from his letters havi been publiOied in our paper#, but beis s,"o lengthy for infertionhere, they are raom mended to the examination of eve y t. • merican. From the Aurora. NORMAL SCHOOLS. Account of a neir Institution France. The word normal which has betu ap plied to the newly ellablilhed ftho«l» iri France is drawn from the dictionary tf Geometry. lt exprefles properly a . vcl,but in the figurative sense, it announ ces, that in those fchoult all knowledge i relative to arts, sciences, belles l«tt r», &c. will be taught to every citizen, I whatevei branch he riisy cWrfirTt . ply to, In order to attain this grand obj,.-li the Convention wifhedthat teachereaiid profeflors should be formed, and fa-hools are thus eftablilhed to qtalifv teachers for the whole Republic. The following are the flatutes feiul • ved on bythe reprefsntatives of the t « ' ; pie with the Normal schools at I - ii, ■ | on the 15th of January. ( Art. I. The fittings lhall daily "< e -1 I pin at eleven o'Clock in the mori r, 1 ! and be btoke up at a quarter past on , : u ' ; the following order." "| The firft and sixth day of the dec ' 1 Matiiematicks, LaGrange,anii , Place s ' 2 Natural philosophy, Haui. 1 , 3 Descriptive Geometry, Monge. s j Second and seventh day. > 1 1 Natural Hiltory, Daubenton, r 2 Chemillry, Bertholet. 3 Agriculture, Thouin. lt • - T-trtrd-am) eighrli-tJirr." " 3jfi if ! t Geography, Bauche and Mcrttlefc y 2 Hiltory, Votney. r j 3 Morality, Bernarcin de St. Pier c Fourth and ninth day. 'J* 1 Grammar, Sicard. k 2 Analysis of understanding, Garat. a 3 L'rteratuie, La Harpe. jt Art. 11. Each fifth day, the prof I n ors of the normal schools (hall hoi in ' e presence of the pupils, a conference it a which philosophers, men of letters, id te the mod diltinguifhed artiils are inv id 'J_ to attend. ,y Art. lll.Tbeprincipalobje£toftl tie conferences (hall be reading and exami fiining of the elementary schools of the Republic, , Art. IV. There fiiall be no fitti ~ on the tenth day.' TW pupils of t le normal schools (hall visit the Natioivl libraries, observatories, museums of z ; to trades, in (hort all the deposits cor ,o ciated to public inltrudtion : all tlv it B, deposits shall be open for the pupils as ti- they (hew a card bearing the (tamp of the committee of public iuftru&ion nj. »■ rc " ed by the two representatives near nor mal fchtfols. eo _ Art. V. The fittings of the normal on Schools shall be employed alternately In >ns unfolding the principles of the art of -ty teaching, as explained by the profef for9, and in conferences on these prin ciples among the profeflors and pupils Art. VI. The conferences (hall never )0I! be opened on any fubjedts, but such as his have been treated of in the preceding en- fitting. the Art. VII. None of the pupils (hall have liberty to speak unless he has got '}° his name inferibed, and be called upon hlv b Y t ' 3e P r(> f f fl" r - Art. VIII. In the course of the de-• the bates the profefibr may adjourn his an o a fwer to the next fitting. ,us > Art. IX. The leflons, debates and ries conferences, which take place in the a f~ normal schools, shall be collected in a Je"e (tenographical journal. This journal A ,d- shall be distributed among the members Son of the Convention, the profeflors and ma- pupils of the Normal schools. lt shall j be also transmitted to all the adminiltra >a;tl" tion of the republic, and to the Fiench or ministers, confjls and agents in foreign oba- countries. be- (Signed) , fa =" LAC ANAL DF.LURE, uch . t>orft [Owe of the intimate friends of J. j» nt." Roufleau, during his Hay in France.}
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