The iiutjf j'tft ami federal frntinK- ti
_ wtsichlW fbilovrtng ch co»t«ia
render thrtfi worthy i.f rca.iMicaii*
, Qfi—it is rrcolieilcd that tliey
bait been pubiifhed in the paper* of
' <«» fit'' *
A CHARGE Mtverrrl by Judge
AMbEMOH, to the Grand Jury of ih»
dijiriiJ t>f Hamilton, is the Territory
forth of Ohio, at 03oh:r term, 1794.
rPuhlilJied at their request. J
Gtntlemen of the Grand fury,
THE principles upon which the
citizens of the United States entered
into social rompafl, for the preferva
tiori of their lives, their liberties, and
their fortunes, are equally obligatory
upon every citizen in tile Union. Those
principle* comprehend all the duties
r quired -in a frre and well regulated
government; Mtuugfi thole duties a
Cue obedience to the laws is considered
the greateil-—for our law* are founded
upon our. conftitutiun, which guaran-
Uei the rights and privileges of every
citizen. Hence it follows, that he
«-ho deliberately opposes the laws, tap;
the very foundation of government, in
alk republican gofcerntnenu the autho
rity of the tatfrs is derived from the peo
ple ; wh ; cb lfc'hde'rs jt more immediately
the dutyof citizens, not only to
ohfeive the laws tiiemfclves, but as far
as their infloence may extend, compel
•bfervat ce of them in others; for the
tranfgrcflion of the law by any one or
more citizens, is a cfitfle again ft every
Ciember of society, for whose benefit
the laws aie made.
All republican governtrtents are form
ed for the h;:ppinefs of the people—
and if the citizens of the United States
are not as happy under their present
fjrm of government, as falls to the lot
cf mortals, the fault mutt be in them
selves, and not in government: for it is
universally admitted, that the present
form of government within the United
States, is as nearly perfed as could be
formed by human wisdom—it is the ad
miration of the world. But perse& as
it is. it will require a ftrift and steady
adherence to its firft principles, to ren
der it permanent; and a due obedience
to its laws to render it refpeflable. The
eonfequence, and I may add the dignity
of government, depends upon the sup
port of its conftitutiun and its laws. If
either are infringed with impunity, the
government soon grows contemptible,
and the citizens become disorderly.
Hence it is indispensably neceflary that
every crime against the constitution and
the laws should be punished in an exata
plary manner; and it is through you
alone, gentlemen, that the law can be
made efft£lually to operate againfl those
who either wantonly or .vickedly trauf
grefs its precepts.
In a republican government the citi
zens generally expect more indulgence
than is confident with its principles ;
but every citizen ought to know, that,
on e/tering into society, we aie neces
sitated to iubmit to some reflraints, to
forego some natural rights, in order to
fecuie certain privileges and benefits, on
which depends all our happiness: For
there could not be a more ineligible Situ
ation, than that every man's will should
be his rule of action, or that the will
of the minority should be submitted te
by the majority ; soT this would be
fubvcrfive of the principles of our go- ]
exigence. If then, gentlemen, we mean
to live in fotial compact—if we mean
to fuppnrt oui constitution and preserve
our mutual happinels, we must not only
submit to the laws onrfelves, but we
must use our utmofl endeavour to fnp
port them. If we do not, we may go
on from small indulgences to greater,
until by habit, the cuieens acquire, as
they conceive, a right to aft independ
ent of law and government, and at
length set them both at defiance. Con
fidence in the general government an
adherence to the principle* of the-con
fiitution—and a cut obfei vance of it*
laws, are the true charaftcriftics of a
good citizen
Having pointed out these duties,
which I consider incumbent upon every
citizen, I will call your attention more
immediately to consider the local fixa
tion and hippinefs of this country.
One great source ps inquietude ; and
which hasvery muchaffiftedthecitizens
of thi» Territory, is our peculiar situa
tion with refpeft to the Indian nations.
Tliat jotne of those nations are faithlefs,
is a truth well known. But that there
are t»eatie» existing between them and
the United States is alio known—That
those treaties have been infringed on the
part of the Indians, cannot be denied ;
But United States have ntverthelcfs
froA nec#R»ry motives of policy, confi
derei those treati.% as obligatory on
their part; «»d the principle* of
■> cwi'ft'tnrJm, vStcli rettj Co»gr»-fs,
«re a-e H as good citizci.j to act ia
From rhe ohfervation which I have
luj an opportunity of making, upon
the ci'ndiifl and disposition of the citi
zens of thit gftcrntucm, I feel confi
dent, tint it i» alraoll eveVy man's wif.i
to prrferve peace and order therein—
and I think you will agree with me,
whatever, but that of fclf-prefervation,
can possibly jutlify any infringement of,
or deviation from the law.
The late pumftnnent of the Creek
Indian, for the murder of I Hi, must
(hew the determination of government,
when the guilty cart be fgund : Tbert
let me most earnestly advise you, dot to
such a line of conduct, will infore tc
the people of this Territory, the affec
tion of the geneial government, and in
duce her to extend with more ample
hand, her kind protection to her fuffer
To obfcrvc this line of conduct we
i iiave other strong inducements; the
upper Cherokees are now our friends—
; And permit me to ask you, Is it not
our interest, our duty, to prefenre and
cultivate that friendfhip ? They are a
barrier between usand the hostile Creeks,
and if managed with good policy, pru
dence and discretion, may long remain.
. so: But (hould any citizeif be so hardy,
as to over leap the bounds of duty, and
in defiance of the laws, unwarrantably
attack the friendly Cherokees, this Ter
ritory will not only be involved in a war
with them, but the whole frontier will
be again exposed to the wanton depre
dations cf the perfidious and barbarous
Creeks.
Upoa ourselves, it now depends, whe
ther to choose peace or war; 1 am au
thorised to fay, that even John Watts
(who has hitherto considered himfelf se
cure from attacks) has sent in peace
talks; the probability, therefore, is,
that a peace may now take place, if the
prudence of our own citizens will afford
Watts an opportunity of availing him
felf of his present pacific disposition;
And it is what we ought earnestly to
defire—-for peace with the Indians will
focure the settlement and happiness of
this country ; and to your own experi
ence I appeal, whether war will not des
troy it. In full confidence, that you
will by precept and example endeavour
to preserve good order in the govern
ment, I commend you to your duty,
and the author of all out earthly happi
ness.
To tht Honourable the Judget of the Ter
ritory of the United States of Ameri
cafouth of the river Ohio.
Hamilton DiflriO, 03. 22, 1794.
THE Grand Jurors for the Diftrift
of Hamilton requcft, that for the good
of the community, the address deliver
ed by hit Honor, Judge Campbell, on
dismissing the Jury, be inserted in the
Knoxville Gazette.
JOHN M'NABB, Foreman.
THE ADDRESS.
Gentlemen of the Grand Jury,
AFTER a long feflion, we hare R
nifhed the bulinefs which came before
us, permit me to assure you, that your
<luTy~has"bogn pel formed with farttifnl
nefs and great punctuality.
ou now fee, Gentlemen, that the
Federal Government extends her influ
ence to the re mote ft corners of her Tcr.
ritories ; and be allured (he will always
be ftri&ly punctual in the execution of
her laws.
In the Western Counties of Pennsyl
vania, an opposition arose to some of
the laws of the Federal Government,
particularly to the excise. Whatislike
ly to be the confeqtience of the onpofi
tion ? Ruin and disgrace await thelcad
eri—fubmiffioo, ftiame, and confufion
must be the lot of the whole party.——
Have we not sworn to support the Con
stitution of the United States ? Is the
obligation of an oath of no avail ? Let
the people here take warning from th<*
error of their neighbours. Beware
that you do not fturahle on the fame
rock.
The exeife is new extended to this
Territory ; and I am exttemely happy
to find there is no murmuring on the
occasion. Wby should there be any
discontent ? Are not those law* always
reckoned good, which tax fuperfluities
and luxuries ? But take it on a larger
scale, and you will find the excifc will
be of real service to the good diftillerics.
It will discourage only those who can
not carry on the business with effect j
and you know quacks in any piofcffion'
are a great eviL \ou all agree that
without funds, government cannot b-
deported. Tuu's, tlicn,are oeieuarv ; dependent on it. gut tJii?,--ho' a dc
ii.ri Care 1 air, thole on luxuries are gridtag cireumttrtwe, mt g t not if th.
worlt <vil that might Lik.ioi to u>
ealt exccpuoij.bie. framfoch a connraJL !td
Same peopl. oppo.e the execution of ccn6lfcred wh etber the t:.m of govern
:aufe for doirj "so, and lead astray the ideas and pra<fVice. In Great Britain an.
mthinking miltituc'.c, before they are hereditary monarchy zr.d ariftccracy i»
i ware ofthecn! or .the danger. Yoi>, hostile to all our ideas of Social order. It:
reutlemen, ha.e heard the laws explain- France idea, of government prevail «hsr„
;d ; vi>u havefeen the guilt v brought to -ouldbyr.o u.c.u lu.t our prefmt cir
. I T.'-. ru r cumftances and practice. from too uiti
suniihment urder the authority of those mate snd dt)le a concccl ; on Great .
aws, and, doubtless, you find them ve- Britain, monarchy and ardtccracy might
ry salutary t3 this country. Ind«ed, possibly be introduced arr.ongft us t&the
unless the laws are faithfully observed fubveriion of our present happy r^jL
cannot long exilt. Gene- lican conftitulionand laws. Prom too inti
ral laws, as has often been observed by ,n -" e ?nd c, * n naiou wit a Fiance, thi
civilians, may sometimes bear hard on d °* r:ne , s °* Liberty and Equality .nigh
receive luch a* extenfioh ainoneft us, :
local interest; but it is a maxim in go- to! emler and the fomhcrl f ftlte . (
rernment, t.iat the minority must ac- America, for ages, theTcene of that ho
rede to the voice of the msj->r.; . rid anarchy, devastation an i maflcr.
Good citizens will not be always influ- which have of late deilroyed of th
enced by felfifh views ; they will take most flourilhing colonics in tne Frenc,
into consideration the good of the whole I " die s' nd from the neighborhco.
community. Be not suspicions that <:olon,« to us, and th. fimilituc,
■i ' . si i •r • °* owrlituatjon to their s, let us a& with
your rights or privileges will be infnn- all the and caution in our power;
ged. lou have the united wisdom of ft may not now be possible to ward of]
Congress to consult your interelts ; you completely the calamities, which have o
have also the wisdom of the Pfclident ; verwhelmed those devoted iilands. In A
and events have discovered that a wiser merica, we have refined on the old systems
and more upright man than the Piefi- °[ re F ,jbl '^ n government by extending
dent of the United States of America, reprefetfitoon, and con
r, . ' nding the legiflatire as well as the execu
never presided over any government.— tivf pcv , ers> t „ officcrs chp fi- n p , r J ot2 i -al
lhe excite law ianCtioned by a ly by the free fuffrages of the people, and
great majority in Congress. The Pre- ir» a manner to feeure the molt complete
lident, who guards your interests as a responsibility. Nothing like privileged
father does that of "his children, appro- orders ex ' lft amongst us ; and we have
vea of that law ; and you will doubt- a , v ° idcd '" vin g foundation on
less, then fuW to it' with a willing
mind, nOkWitliftanamg the oppohtion it the moll unexampled success; and the
has met "With" from fame ill informed people of America present to the eves of
people in our filler dates. mankind a fpeaacie of liappviels' and
country with refptdf to Indian aifairs : bcflc '< Sl) d is moll honorable, we
particular Mero diKi-iS, which is coni owe it to ourtelvtt, and not to the advke
tlnrfyi.fc.M b»„ r ,„di„ B
lavages. Ixt mrs ttll you better times Udcil corisedUon witfc any foreign nation,
are felt approiKhiflg. The annu los Aiper:6r in power, and diuiroiiar in ?li the
the United States, and the particular • circumftacces of government, laws, man
detachments from* thi* Territory, have j ner * J nd Customs, we, undoubtc.'iy, ha
been tenibly fucccfsl'ul against the In- , ' " !tfaret y a.idpurity o' our oven con
dians this summer. You have been for> ' , vhich
,!i r, ... . I nappien experience has tanght us to he
well nipported by government in your adequate to all the cficnthl objeSs of fo
detenu ve operations. If that will not ciety. We rot only hazcri o'ur prefer.;
prove effectual to secure the lives and frfe and just govcernment, die rtioft pre
properties of the citizens, I am sure of- cious boon-ever given by the God of nati
fenfive measures will soon be adopted by "
the national government.
Let me recal another circumllance to
your attention. The Cherokees are
becoming very much divided among
themfelvei; some of them continue ene
mies ; some of them are warm friends.
Let not individuals fruftrate the opera
tions of government on this importan l
I business.
Permit me, gentlemen, before I dif
' charge you, to recommend to your par
ticular attention, the oonftttntion of the
United States ; read it by day, read it
by night; it is the lupreme law of the
land—it is the guardian of your liber
ties. When you entered into the so-
Jcmn compact by your representatives in
convention, which was again recognized
by the people, you solemnly engaged
to support the constitution and all con
stitutional laws. Can you recede from
this engagement individually ? No.
You may retra& your obligations, by
withdrawing yonrfelves out of the li
mits of the United States 5 but when
within her jurifdiefcion, you must submit
to her laws.
If you are evw ruined in this happy
country it will be thro the folly and per
verfenefs of some defignifcg and wicked
men, who may lead you to oppose the
laws fiQtn feme Oniftpr View?. What
m«re (hall 1 (ay to ywu gentlemen i In
deed to you I would not have said so
much : for you are already acquainted
with the force of my observations : but
I (peak to the people ?t large, to the
uninformed, and to the difurderly.
You have got a charafier of orderly
citizens ; keep it ; a charafler is as ne
cessary to a people as to an individual.
Let me repeat, the chara&er of a peo
ple it as delicate as the ,«:harafler of a
lady j if it is once loft, it is hard to re
cover again.
From tie Firgir.ia Gazette.
MARCELLUS. No. IV.
A just review, then, of our fituaticn,
must teach the impoCibility of maiatain
ing our preftnt independence, anil the
eftabliihed order of our country, without
some alliance in Europe or America. A
combination witb Jterce fuSlTu-cn (hates
would rather diminifti than add to our
strength and fafety. For those dates
would more frequently need our aiSftance,
than be able to 1 un..fL us with (uccour.—
Whether, therefore, (landing Angle or
combined with the three fcuthern flares,
our happmefs, and ftftev require, that
we (hould have either in Europe or Ame
rica, alliances adequate to their defence.
I f we refcrt to Europe, there are but two
nations to which wt can apply—France
and Great Britain ; and til- power of
either is so great compared to ours, that
an intimate political connexion with
e:ther could not failtoreniicr us
» i J jwfvviiuifVlll) Ult UIUU jJiC*
. j cious boon ever given by the God of nati
. J ons to any people ; bat we hazard ail the
j txpences and misfortunes inc.dent to Eu
j rapeari quarrels, from which we should
1 keep ourselves as detached, Hwe are wide
: I y leparared by nature.
j I have stated that Virginia e*ifr it
. an- independent nation, either byitfelf or
combined with thi three southern states.—
j To whit his been offered liothrKg neeefbe
, added t6 demonstrate this portion; and
j nothing also need be added ro prt ve the
| impropriety of any close polifk ai con nee -
■ , tion with any of the great powers of Eu
■ i ro pe> particularly Frante aikl Gr.at Bri
tain. Wall whom tinni ou,ih;
that alliance and union fe neceiiary tG the
maintenance of our independence and
prosperity. This we have alreadv difco
ver»d and are daily experiencing tre great
est benefits from the discovery. Our na
tural allies are the northern and
states. By cultivating this union* we
have ftrenght to resist foreign attack? and
to quell domestic tumults. From this eon- '
ne<ftion we have no reason to apprehend
c'mgcroui innovations in our government,
by the introduction of monarchic and
aristocratic principles c.n the one hand ; or
the other, such an extension of liberty ;
and Equality as would overMm p-operty i
annihilate industry, destroy morals, and !
subvert all the fafety of society. Virginia !
then has every motive to keep rtlrll de- !
ached front any political connexion in
Europe, and to cultivate the union which
nc w c-xirts with the northern and eastern
itates particularly the last, who have le
alized the republican principle more per
fecllythan anvpeoplewho havegonebefore
them. I kiK>w a prejudice exilts in the
minda of fomr of my countrymen apainft
our eatieni brethren. I tkev have
been ftigniatized with the odious name
Ariflocrat. But fadh prove that such an
imputation, must be the effeift of the
strongest ignorance, the moil infatuated
prejudice, or the most, unprincipled dilre
gard to truth. No political maxim is more
true than than it is nectlTary to the mainte
nance of a free JJDvernmect, that the peo
ple ihould be w ell' informed. Let us go
into that pait of the United States diftiu
guiihed by ;he name of New-England,
and when did there exist a people by whom
so much care was taken to i'uorm the loci
ety ; particularly in Conncdiicut and Kaf
fachuietts. There are fcbools lpread o
ver the country, and teaclcrs provided at
the public exper.ee ; and ill the citizens
are obliged to fend their cluioren to these
schools for inftniflion.' "she rich and the
poor aremingled in one- undiftirgtiilhed mate
and nothing like diftinftior. it permuted
or countenanced. There the rramjtrs of
the people profrribe every thir.glike foli
citatiou for public offices', a.id tKe-n oft ef
fectual way which a_perHui tai" tc
prevent his ekdiien, is to aft for a vote or
to offer hitnfelf a candidate. There pro
perty is so equally divided, that few arc ve
ry rich and fewer very poor ; but every
person peffeffes enough wi.h tndiftry :obe
independent- There nothing likeperit-nal
ftavery exists. In fint the:: moral ay hat
grown into an rniverfal habit, ard the
meek and holy duties prei'cribed l.y the
Chrift'an rligion, arefairhfu.'ly and p. u
ly obfcrved. Is there aav thing like A:-i
tocracy in this deferprtor ? Can any per- j
ion seriously think, that from cur coanec- {
ion witfe th\ people,
narchic and*r^M t fcprj B rV le . Vd"?
•ve not rather to regard it as tl* J J?
i -f the purest republican virtues,
r " « lll « aoft effccluai
r ?ort« g our preient fcb,nk. ini - ai S
1. nets ? Vf •
; marcellus.
- - • n ——u»—
; Fore gn Intelligence.
London.
STATE PAPER
letter.
From '.he Magistrates of Geneva to ib e
Magifiratis of Franciforf
A rumour has been spread tJitwt.fi
out our city, which gives muc h unw .
Imcfs to our fellow citizens, and in >. ar .
ticular to the merchants who |.ccuent
the fain of Franckfort: it is,
they are henceforth to be excised
from them, in such a manner, that
they /hall not enjoy,' as heretofore, the
liberty of making purchsfcs.
Wewifh to persuade ourselves, that
this report is totally destitute of fonn.
ostion; we cannot, indeed, gucf»
what motives could have determined
your Lordships to adopt a measure »-
gainst the Genevefe, v.hich \ou hare
never enforced but against fix individu
als of a nation with whom you may
happen to be at war, or :hof' perfunt
whose proceedings are lik ly tc ' e i e .
pugnant tn jufticc and public order.
If the city of Geneva cotnot q;iote
in it* own favour the services reeled
to the city of Franckfort, it tr.ay at
least truly r.ffirm that .'t has never dore
airy thing which could be oonfidficd by
your aft of hostility.
The effects of the conimotions which
have lardy taken place among uj, have
been entirely confined to the walls nf
our city ; they are not of * nature tr>
alter our external connexions, and ftii
Ikfs our political ones.
Geneva is Hill a free and indepe<>dert
j City, .whose revolutions a e in new fe
J affected by any foreign power. The
, object of the rcri:lution, which t ?s laty
! ly taken place, was never, as ha* beer,
1 pretended, to bring it under the domi
; nion ot the French, hut to execute jus
tice on the internal enemies of our
independence and our conllitu.ion.
The Government, filth as k was
. constituted during the lad spring, by
Our Sovereign Assembly, and such as
it was recognized by eur ancient and
faithful A'iies, the worthv Carrions of
Zurhjh and Berne, has been preferred
j within the ordinary boundaries.
! The extraordinary -;. uics which
have been adopted "or <m. weeks j aft,
are temporary r:i ' >of ety, and
will ceaft so fo£>i. t.■ -cffiry ar
rangeme. ifc.-rp- -iu. no ure com
motions fhaHhse- 'yagjeed
, upon.
There ; herefore exist any
thing amcng i, which can determine
your Lordi :;>s \ ei to bieak, pr fnf
pend the cofflßnenvil tmneftions bet
ween our two cities, wvjch cannot
i but contribute to their nsuutal prof
; i'y*
Tlie protection with w'.ich vour
i Lordships have constantly honour <1
those of our fellow citizens, who fre
quent the City of Franckfort, and for
which v e bcfeech you to receive our
lincere tha.-ks, affords u» room to hope
that you will give a favourable recepti
on to the prrfent letter : and that voil
will continue yetirbeneFcencc, as wch :n
regard to our city, as to thi.fe of o.ir
fellow citizens, wl ofe affairs may in
duce them to sojourn at Franckfort.
We beg your Lordships to be per
suaded, that we shall not or : t any oc
casion, to give the r, H .Tei-wd tef
timoi.ies of car devotion Jtcu affift
ion.
The'Syriiicf, aful'Cotmcu if the
Republic cf GrnrtH.
Geneva, Sept. 9, 1794.
- 4
UNITED STATES.
RUTLAND, (Vcr.) Dec. 8.
The increafifig prefperity of this
State mult aHoiu ultiUre to ail tr>e
friends of human hsppinefs. Io the
year J;8l, the rateable property of the .
whole jiate amounted to bu: one hun
dr.-d and forty-nine thnufand hun
dred and foriy.two pounds feventeeu
thiilir.gs and fix per.ee. At ibe re
turn rr.zde to the aflcm'-iy this fl
fall, the gra.*} Hi' was fur hundred
and •.hfitb- ifve" hundred
and /orty-oiie pounds th'rtee::
-.ltarlv- four tire* the vsh'e :>r " ratea
bi tv'h» yers apo—l '"•"'P*
J? ' effect of induUry economy, and
-n*. . i
■ 25