km From Cue Virginia GazeUz* M A RCEI L U S—No 11. In the preceding number, I have lb fully Ibcwn the a'bfufdity and folly of th'ife vague indefinite party-diflinftuins, which have been, and I m-ty lay for no good purposes, artfully introduced a-! mongli os, by the terms ariflocrat. afid ; democrat ; dilliiiciiou* which have no , exillence in this country, a„ undei flood ' in the European world, from whence j we have imported theft), as to render; farther oblervations umitceilaiy. But if by the tcim aristocrat, is meant a per lon attached to a jrotimmcnt of privi leged orders, and monarchy;—and by th« term democrat, a friend to a repub lican repreflntative government ; as this it the only important meaning whioii <?an be given to the woids, 1 will take the liberty of adding a few re marks on the Life without tue comforts d-. rived from property is not w.xtli '• He takes ray life wlio takes the means whereby I live."' Every..hurhai'being i aleivblcd I bv nature to labour—ronfeqierftly to acqulie property. But vain would be the «xeicife of human ingenuity and human NitUlilrjr, unless t"he afcquifitions of our toils weie iecured to us by fixed laws. Tnisfecurity >s in all iociul in liitiuions regatded as a primary motive and object—and all governments are defe&itfe wh ch do not afford it—but where the acquilitions of labour are se cured, properly will neccflkrily accu mulate in ihe hands of individuals.— —-mi --"I nil "i jifti '* J■" * 1 '' Ir ' tiyj id ftipeiior frugality; miifl necef favily acquire superior property. Equa lity of properly, however defirablc in theorvj is a thin;j totally unattainable in praflice, and never exiled, even in the mod savage focicty, oil account of the natural .inequalities in the mental and corporeal powers of men. In every well ordered society therefore, the ac cumulations of property cannot be pre '\euted ; and they may become so great, as to have an undue and baneful influence on the community. That go vernment tnerefore is nip It wifely con structed, which, while it gives every fe turtv and consequently activity to the ingenuity and industry of its citizens, prevents the accumulations of property from progrefling to a dsogeious point. And this fortunately is no: an objext duiicult to be obtained, for so uaiuial iio all human tilings feck to their jufl: level, that dangerous aecumuktions of property ennnot ex id unless fupportad bv the laws. And the ariitocracies of Europe would Icing ago have crumbled jito dud, unle'sthcy had been propped with peculiar care by kiwi, wh'eh either prevented, or imposed a!m«lt insurmoun table clog* on the alienation of real ef lates. So great is the influence at*4 taehed to property, that it has beet) J judged mdiipeufable to secure it by all j pofilble means, even bv perpetual inhe-i ritances, as the only fuhltantial fuppott to the aiiitocratic system of L If it requires so much care to preserve this fyltcm in Europe, what ground have we to apprehend danger from its growth in America, where lo far from being a favorite of the laws, it is pro- Iti ibed by them. I believe that the on ly remnant of feudal privileges to be found in America, exilts in our own Hate. The protection of land from • wmrtvuo HillWMll >11 I , Jg not know, I think, in any other state j and whether it would be now prudent to a boliQi thi# privilege here, mull be left to the wisdom of our 'eg iflature. But this is the oniy proteition given to proper ty, which favours ofhworitifm to aristo cracy. Our other regulations concern ing land, tend to, ;tfi|hgteft|ftefFe<ftually counteract dangerous accumulations of pro. arty in the hands of individuals, fnim which, an.' the unalienable quali ty, attached to them tn the European world, Ariltoeracies have sprung up and been maintained there. But m all inftanaes notwithflanding the supports which they have irad, they have not been able to maintain their grotiud, as is now fully exemplified by the recent revolu tion in Frauce. What then have we To apprehend from the growth of a plant which mult be continually nursed in a hot-bed, and can can never grow to a , noxious size in our foil and under our culture. When I reflect upon the pro visions of our laws regulating descents, I am led to admire as well the policy as the wifdem and jultice of inltitutions, which while they encourage indu'lry, and secure the obedience and subordina tion of children to their parents, f«» nfc ceffarv to the happioefs of human life, effe&uiHy prevent dangerous accumula tions'of property : the natural founda tion of ariflociatic orders. From this " jufl a"d eandic review of our situation, wb«redo we find that danger of aritto era.-y so often s?vl so rociferoufly found-. td in our ears? What man of with fueh obstacles in his way, even ii lit had the wickedness to wish in this count iy, for monarchy and aristocracy, as underltood in Europe, would attempt, to introduce such a system amonijft us; a system which won! ! require the total overtht#w of out locial edifice ; a;id the ei<e6\ion of Hnothcr on a very different llrutture, on its But it is not an ealy thing to change the habits and ; fundamental .law* . f any people, efprci. ; ally when these lnws are founded on rea and the immutable principles of juiUc« and truth. The aristocracies of Eu ope owe their birth to the ages of ! barbarism and ignorance. And as fci- ; ence has progrcifivcly filed its light on the world, these proud notwith- : Handing all the pillars by which they ! have been supported, have been gradu- i ally underlnined and already uiiiverfally begin to totter t<s tilcli foundations.— We have ar.fveJ at the point to which the people of Europe are advancing. It they advance in despite of the decrepi tude and corruption of ages, in spite of habits and laws, hostile to their pro oiefs, {hall we in the vigour of our youth, in the purity of oiii mo:<Jw, and with laws and customs which prevent the feed of aristocracy from vegetating in our foil; Ihall we think so lightiy of our virtue and our knowledge as to ap pi ehend a tetrograde in the path of fe cial happiuefs? let the haughty and felf-created dictators of the day, diii b nor their fellow-citizeiis, by the lufpi cioa ? 1 think too highly of their minds, and their hearts to harbour one mo ment, the umrenerous sentiment in my -nixai,- —nv| my ra»rr»r«<_Jll£lMi.v-"j j Vir will never retrograde; the wildom of your laws as well as your own tinder ftandings, and your virtue will for ever bar it, I ask then again, whence pro ceeds the danger of the growth of aris tocratic orders amongst us. Certainly not from the accumulations of landed property. 1 may be answered from the ! funding system, 1 may may be told in < tlie lame cant and indefinite and rmrn- < Iglligible language of the exiilertcrf of a < fiafter trinity. As to the examination of the finding system, a vet y partrcitlar invffti'gatioq of it would lead me too far from the points which I wifh'to'bring j ■ into view, ft will be fufficient to fay i that we owed tlie debt;—that if we were honest, we were bound to pay it—if we '■ ■ could n'6t pay it at once, the leail we 1 : could do, was to pay the interest ,* that I Virginia Was in the habit of punctually paying the interell on her public debt, F previous to tfie funding system.* , That by the funding fyftear, the in tereft on the debt was reduced, which was a gain tv» the public, while the' va ha' of. the principal was increaltd to the holder. That much speculation cxr'tc'd ; at tbe commenccnAut of this fyllent is Ltrjjej- and pethaps much property ac [fiiifijl by fraud, but are not all' other [jjegoclations also fubjcdl to a fraud ; Has not land ijfgu almolt as rapidly in value as Hock in the funds ? If a man makes a fortunate purchase of land, is he censured for it. It" he buys the bond of an individual for half its nominal va lue, is he censured for it : Why then load with opprobrious epithets—why endeavour to prejudice the community; against those who have purchafcd the obligations of the public. But if an aristocracy has been built upon this pa per foundation, it is tbe firft instance of the kind known in the world. The ' a rift oc racier ot Euiopehavc been gra- 1 dually crumbling, though built upoi) I the solid foundation of land. This is the firft time that the holders of a cir culating paper medium, which is con tinually palling from hand to hand, and never acquires a fixed station, and which is fubji*& to all the laws in its distribu tion, which afe calculated to equalize property, have been magnified into a dangerous Ariftotfracy. But is there then net danger of introducing this j monfler, aristocracy, amongst us ? Yes, • there is, it may be introduced as it was introduced into Europe; it may be io ! troduced by foreign conquests, or by I civil wars. The firft we have no rea son to apprehend, except as the conse quence of the last. But if it fhotild be our misfortune to experience rivil con vulsions, from the calamities of anarchy, filch a system may arise. A vi&orious chief may then diflribute the property of the nation amongst his officers and soldiers, and new model the laws so as to maintain the aristocracy he h*s efta blilhwl wtiile he constitutes himfelf their monarch. A true Patriot therefore in flead of vilifying his fellow-citizens with inapplicable, indefinite, and opprobrious dittinctions, will study how best to pre serve oirr peace and union, and prevent such calamitous events, as disunion, civil wars, consequent anarchy, and destruc tion of Liberty. MARCELLUS. . Fr-m'ht Wcktr* Star. the CORIWAINER.— No. i* ft Jb certainlyfomecompenfation for thfc labors, the wataings, and the iatigues ot an Author, to fid one's ielt" be (quired, and be prailed 6r one's ifritipgs. r^. is none of us without a fmill tin£iure ot vanity in our cohpofition. "she tear is larting in. my eye when I tell my dear re:der that 1 am taking mv ' leave of him. The following is happily ! come just in tint to be noticed. lat firtt • prote'ted downiglit that, 1 would not rub lifh it; but whn 1 refleisled upon the prac tice of my prdecefTors, the Spectator, ! and other periodical Essayists, I pauled ;• and when I rtcollected that ihejo.-.y , Club \i'as gone to press, I cmf-ilted. But • I beg the reader to be aniircd that I am i blushing as red as a. pirt-cuthing all th,e '■ time he is reading it; and I here promilc | that if I Ihould receive an hundred such, I ! never will publilh another it loug as I | '' ve * r» Ned fryer, B/qy-re, Author of ibr EJfaj renowned, entitled The Cord \^ain«r; Honored and leifhed Sir, | You fnuft know that I have the honOr to i | be Secretary to one of thole Sorieties to ■ \ which yoii feern t<> allude in the last num* J bCr of patriotic Effay6 ; & that I have | it in charge \o ntform you that, in. confi- j deration of the services which you have » rendetrd to the cause Which we have j efpbufeclj by yOur learned and ingenious t EiVays,' entitled The Cordwamer, your [ name is recorded in out as an hon- | orary m"x \ Av.d flow, Mving discharged officii $ al duty, Arte, dear fir, to j you in another and a more familiar capa- \ city that, of a brother politician, and to i give you some account of myfelf and the r-'-'ty, to which I belong. '_ - ■ If you >irgS candid enough to declare your profeflkm in your firft number, I \ will not be behind-hand with you — lam a Tinker. Jelieve me, fir# I was so over joyed at the ight of your fifft EiTay, that in my exult it ion I overthrew an I spoiled . a job which had been two days in hand. — I Yet why th stratffnort ? Is it so itra'nge a thing tnat fccaufe a maif mends ftioes, or a peVtcr.-pct, or 2 pair of breeches, he 1 fftould likevafe tun his hand to the noliti- Cal And I appeal to the makers i of eotiftitufb'ns and laWs, lif they have Aot always more or less rents to patch, or j cracks to folder. j As to ourSocittJ, we are a jov'al parcel j of fellow's } but tho, punch, pipes and to bacco are ii ill requisition" **et p.itriotifm , and the public fafet -; arc ever the order of the day. To this are a'U operations ] *uire£led: and not a measure 6i public j concern, from an a& of or a < Pre dent's Proclamation, do wri to a news paper paragraph, but is finJ\ioned or con- I demned at our Board. It would Have done your foul good, lir, to have heard dur dil cuffion of the Neutrality business, of Dtf- j crimination, the Sequejh atio?i Bills &.C. \ On the fubjedt of the Prelident's Neu~ [ trality Proclamation, some fpifited obfer- \ vations were made, Mr. Bed-Stone, the Mason, thought it was laving a foundati on on which iuture opprefiions would be built. Mr. Lintel, the Carpenter, .declar ed it was opening a door for dangerous usurpation. Neighbor Gf Over,the Grazier, diicovered in it the feeds of domination, which might grow to greater lengths than was imagined. Mr. Bodkin declared in his opinion that (hef ftieziure would by no means fit republican fpirhs. And your brother Craftfmin, Andrew Awl-Blade, after recapitulating tne fubifance of the preceding obfervatkms, begged leave to dose. the debate by moving a resolve 41 that the said Proclamation is inexpedient and unconftitutionalwhich was darl ied by a refpcTtajie majority ; and it is not, per haps, unworthy of serious remark, that this Resolve fSft remains in full force, un revcrfed, on record. It were dull sport, you know, if we were all sentiment ; there would be lit le scope for our speeches and our ar guments. We have also a minority ; and you are not to suppose that our debates upon ydur political labors have palled with out the occurrence of lbmrthing like zNor thern Intereji. There have not been want ing among lissome wJlo have called in question the orthodoxy of your principles, and could discover marks of aristocracy lurking in your heart. 1 have with diffi culty been able to fatisfy fcveral that you are a real Craftfman. M Do but mark j that arillocratical sneer," they would fay ; j " it is as plain as the nose m one's face.'— } And then do you observe these chips of latin ? I warrant he has made ten bonds and indentures to one pair of shoes." I have flood forth in your defence, fir, to the last. If you conceive that my ho nelt exertions in your behalf meiSt any re turn, pray give this letter a place in your Etfaya ; or make honorable mention of me and our Society in ftirh manner as you thiuk proper ; and permit me to iubferibe j myfelf Your very sincere admirer, and Very humble servant, Tom TINKER. So much for this talkative correspondent. I have certainly now balanced acrompts with him for all his services, by giving his letter to the public at full length. And now, with a heavy heart, mv deir reader, do I again return to thee. This is the last paragraph thou art going to read of these my pltafing labors. Methinks I fee thee, in thy elbow chair, with one hand holding this goodly £heet, and with the other wiping the generous moisture from thine eyes ; and I profeli, the pic ture has tlmoft made a vtry woman of me _#ai! tlie bed friends must part,—But » word in your ear, sweet-heart ! Perhaps we may meet again. Between you and me, I am only aoing to Ihift my ground. These ftmgy Printer., and news-paper readers, never pay in petty Paragraphias a farthing, and you know we have empty bellito, ao wqll as--head* ; and may with equal propriety adopt the plea of the preach ' '* For 'tis tvith grief of heart T tell ye, " How mu<-H this writing scours the belly." , | I am determined therefore to consolidate ! the r't.nainder of «) i icrjry labors, and have them bmrod in Ca f; and I know ve ! VTV well who Hands ready tor the jobb—. ! Farewell! From the E*'vte. Mr. Du SH*M. ! I often amuse ihyfelf with the pue ; rile conduct of mankind, when engaged |in political squabbles. Though Mr. Hume afierts, that he mult be more than moral who kindles not in the coit) 1 man blaze, when the fpnrks of fediti j on, panic and faction are puffed up in i focletyi yet, with a iligret of vanity, ;I felicitated . myfelt, 0:1 being exempt j from a scorch, and ever petped fioro a j coiner, vvitii a grin of triumph, when i mv comrades were dilputing the propri ! et'y of the Duie '-'f Tori's million, j Though out river politics have flowed J with indifference and unconcern,' in spite |of the civil dungeon in '75, the spunk < of Shays, and French fanrtigifrr., yet ; the old leaven of Sriftocrac • tho' for a Hong time dormant, is said rti'l to exist oit our banks. The other day, while : our bees-steak club were quaffing the ■' -jr humour,- *"( I*' ~t rarity- frwerul übfervations were made on the times. Some bloods from Ha tf'ird and Ne<w -1 Tork, who were prefcrft began to glow with republican heat to a degree, that [ a cheek was thought expedient ; this . gave fuel to the flame, and opposition 1 ensued—To prefe ve an equilibrium, I 1 ' remained with the old river department, ' 1 f Vattel, Marten, Pains, and 1 Me m. were qiloted with flicncy ; the I ' fecred lights of the people were liar- [ 1 ped on j and the happy order, in a li | mited Monarchy was a balancing argu 1 ! ment. lull as we hnd adduced thecap " ( flicaff proof, to deliver which with re i ) doubled force, I rose from my feat, and j as I was repeating, wi:h my arm in a s- , . : horizontal position, that, under raon , ; archy, each member enjoyed a feptrate - ! department with fovercign indtpen -■} dence ; that a gentleman kept the vul p j gar rabble at i di(lance, and his muzlin ; was lintarnifhed by the hand of the ra ; gamnPin—and that, though our go- ' _ ' Vernment was called republican, yet by -1 inflexible practice, itfe had ensured moil sj of the privileges of, aristocracy. But j - ; as the d i would have it, just as I e'< supposed cur opponent fihitten with { " ! €onviflio«< in fl.pt a feurVy high-way I ' ; tax-gathefe , aud clapt three of Us on | j 1 the flioulder, for one and trite pence each, . a 5 then iubtrjicting the remainder, the I a j other pai ty, with a horse laugh, by si n- ! 0 ; plv reminding ufr of the" privileges of j r i aristocracy, " gained a complete tri- j ' ! tiaiph, while we founded a rttreat- j c 0 111 future, while politicsare on the car-! t pet, I (liall keep my old corner. j A CATO. j t - I 3V i Intelligence. Pram, London Papers t» the 26th of September, anil Bn/10l Papers to thi F ©reign 2"] th, brought by Capt. tiehart from BriJioL GENOA. Sept. i-. The Captains of feveial (liips ariived here from Nice, brinsj intelligence, that two French frigates fr.Jm Toulon fell in, off the cnnft of Barbavv, with an Efcg lifh frigate, which had four merchant men carrying goods to the amount of 4 ooc,co.' of livrts under her convoy. The French inftuntfy attacked the Enjr)i(h frigate, which made a molt valiant refinance but was {fink at Uff, The merchantmen were then taken and canicd into Toulon. LEGHORN, Sept. 3. By fotne ships arrived in this ' atbotir we have advice that the Spanish fleet which wag united with th« English squa dron off the coafl c,f Provence, haying received orders from Spain td fsfl to Barcelona, the whok? has failed accor dingly, but the Brit ifh squadron remains still (lationcd there. UTRECHT, S-pt'. 9. The Fiench are Hill in poffeflion of 1 rcve9. General Blawkmkdri has been removed to the Atlfirinn 11 n>y in the Netherlands, and General Mrlas has taken the command or thr corps delli ned for the attack 011 Treves A pro digous V.:mber of perfonj I, aTP . . from Bois-Je- Due towanfc this nh c . on the approacli of the t n«n V t • f*d, that.the French have J very confiderabie iota tn attackingFn Isabella, near Bois-le-Duc. TV A ° r of the Bank of Amftcrdam, the meter of puhlit credit and confidence has continued to fall since the ] a (t two or three days ; it was this day at or The exchange on England, Hamburg J and Italy, nfes in confequenct; the 1, \ * course on Londoj was 4.0 fcAlli. IO and a half gvnots- POSNANIA, Sept. ,o. [From the Gazette 0/ South Prufa.] The ipfurgenta continue to move n< fmali bodies, f rom one manoi to another force or p'rfuade the proprietor* i<J join them, and to funilfh part of the , fubjetts as recruits, plunder the R OV| | Ttcafuie, take the Officers j>rifo,n V : fei/.e post-horses, and render the ro„j', ' so unfafe, that the communication i 8 | Mopped with almoll every confidei»b|« ! city of this Province. The wfurjjems had no fciorier learned that the Pmfliani had again evacuated Gnefen on the jth jnftant, than they came out of their hiding places, returned to that city, and encamped afterwards at Czeiniev,; ; two leagues from Gnefen. Alt 1 ! Members of the Commilfton appointed : by the insurgents, have the title of . Your Excellency, Burghers and P< ,- : fnnts not excepted. As a proof of the 1 interest which the clergy, especially tne, . | Convents, manifeft for infurreftioh, the r ; Convent of Wongrowicz ;,!one fu t : t 160 armed peasants to the infnr- e.its L .a&.Cint&a, - i£; 3 Our Official Gazette contains a cir. - c.imflantial account of all the excefies 1 which the infurgems committed at t Gnefeti, when the itifurre&ion iikbroke out. Among It others, the Prussian ■ Eagles were tiamplcd under foot, and one Eagle was even hung. The Royal ' Officers received the orders of the in surgents with pi litis, clapped to their : breasts. They used the a£ts and recoils !of jti(lice to make cartridges, and the German inhabitants tvere obliged to call balls. Tue chimney sweeper at Gnefea watt niade drummer ; r.:d the mnticianj oi the place were made to play for the | hands of the-tnlurgerits. Every armed pcafant leceived 20 Polif!) grofch, be- ! fides a plentiful allowance of brandy. The jJeafants received orders to cnt off with their scythes the heads of thole Prussian Officers who Ihonld look out of the windows of the places where they are confined. On the Bth instant, In the morning, the Polish Prifonersof war at this place were ferit under a lirong escort ■£ C>- valry to Cuftrin. PRUSSIAN HEAD QUARTERS BEFORE WARSAW, Sepr. 6. The Prussian Army stationed before Warsaw, by its indefatigable I3 1 oys, ami especially by the success of the 26th and. Jfftli of lail month, days wliick were crowned with victory, had driven theentmy into the lall redoubts before this city, and was quite near acorn plifhirig tti design, by capturing Wjr law, the feat of the Poliih revolution ary fptrit. J aft then a violent insur rection broke out all of a fadtlen in Sduth Prussia, which had been excited from Warsaw, by all kind of secret fuggetlians and exaitip'-'-* of miltaken and inconsistent notions of liberty. 1 hii !i infurrt&ion broke out with inch unex pected violence, greafeft pait of the pettv Nobi'my, led on by iome of the principal Nobles, rose in all p rt> ' at once, and forced their fubjeds to nle in the fame maimer, who, treed from their former oppressive yoke, deemed themselves happy, under the fieptre of < their gracious and wife Monarch. T.iey collected all kinds of arms, and W even provided with artillery. I< iC y threatened those who would not j'"" with them with the gallows, which they { rredted eveiy where; plundered fever., j towns, and the royal Treafines contain- , > cd in them ; hung the Royai ...ni"'-. futprifed and murdered fVveral m»» military detachments ; even let nre to> magazine of gunpowder, and to ■ ITII> . villages i.n the frontiers of > 1 j 3 ' ■ feiztd a convoy of oats which 1 c tined for the army ; committed robber ies rpon all the highways, so ' iat ® ' communication, nay, even the com e the polls were interrupted ; a" !_ they met with a vigorous ' | different places, they succeeded f v in m-.king themselves 3 f nitun, coming up ..he V Grandentj. . In this concurrence of circnm. while all South Prussia an ; ' the n- <* f of Sikfra are expuful to itie an entire devastation, and against the enemy's works cou.u m
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