For the Gazette of the United States. Mr. Fenno, I beg leave through the channel of your paper to enquire of the Physician who reported to the infpe&ors of heal:h lad Friday, thfi\ the yellow fever had again made its appearance in this citv, but that it was not at present contagi ous what could have induced him to make filch a report ? No benefit can a rise to the public from a knowledge . f such a fa£t, admitting it to be as ftateo, but a great deal of damage: btcaufe such reports cannot fail of alarming and filling with dread, the minds of thoie who arS not pufieftcd of the Doc tor's fine discernment and capacity of splitting diseases into grades, sub-grades end lemigrades ; therefore such a report will not only rendfir multitudes uneasy and interrupt the usual course of buli- ' tiefs, but injure the interest and reputa * tion of the city in several other icfpeiSb. If tile disease really exiited, it would be commendable to found the alarm—it would be criminal to be silent ; but if it is not in the city, or if being in the city ■ it is not contagious, it is the height of cruelty to create utclefs terror and alarm in tke minds of the citizens. But Mr. Fenno, is it not very extra ordinary, if the disease is in the city, and the Physician alluded to has had 26 cales of it since June, that it has ap peared to none of the other Piiyfrcians, not even to those who attend the Dif pertfary, which I am assured from the bed authority is the cafe ? A Physician who has great weight tmh the credulous and ignorant, has already attempted to ruin the reputati on of this flourifliin? and delightful city, by pubHfhing an pinion that the late ' pcftiletitial fevtr waj generated in it } and that its situation and climate is fa vorable to the generation of the ifcilt malignant maladies. If such an opinion was not every man who knows erf that Physician to be a t° fuppoft a mis taken t Jt proceeded from a rage etieemed the most learned Universe j the au thor would in a few years have the di vine fatisfaSion of feeing this populous and prolperoua city <4eierted by all its opulent inhabitants, and become a so litary waste where he might fit alone " smiling ghastly o'er its ruins and en joying the fruits of his Angular opini- Ah" Jf the opinion of that phyflcian was founded in fas, Mr. Fenno, luch would be the bliiflcd consequence; for who that has any regard for health or life, would venture to miuih in a city notorious for generating plagues which put life in perpe tual jtoplrdy? This however, fortunately i« not cred ited, and the city, in spite of the reveries of Philosophers, Pibyficians, and Conjur ers, will fipurifh for ages yet to come; and •9, hen all all the sources of flagnant water in its Juburbs come to be removed or cor fefttd, If Will be one of the most healthy fituatiorts in A:nerir ~ Open on every fide to the dddefs of the winds—with 4 tlry foil—ih-eets favourably arranged—the inhabitants, industrious,, cleanly, and well informed; —it cannot in the nature of things be unhealthy. Compare its bills of mor tality With those of Baris, London, Edin burgh, Vienna, or Stockholm, and you will at once be convinced how much rhore healthful it is than cither of those. Be under no concern my fellow-citizens, the Yellow Fever is not in our city, nor is it pofiible for it to be generated in it, in its present fituStioh. WALTER QUCERIST. front the Salem Gazette. NtR. GUSHING* I SEE in the Centinal a nqmber of iowns mentioned, and Salem as one of them, which will soon, of have already begun a contribut ion for our unfortunate brethren of Boilon, the late fufFerers by fire. This is truly laudable and praifc worthy; and I feel that it is my duty and thu duty of every other person, to give on such occasions, our feafaring brethren excepted. At iirft fight it may apipenr strange that any exception should be made ; but I believe upon a little confideratiort the reasons against their giving will he thought good. I will suppose one of my neighbors, father of a large family, goes to sea for their maintenance, and takes the little he has, fay 1501. and embarks on a voy age ; but a few days after he fails, the vefiel finks; he and his (hip-mates are taken tip by fom<? othrr vefiel, and he gets home with a few old rags on his back : those who knew him fay to him, "I am sorry for your loss." How far this will go towards feeding his wife and children, every one fnatt know. I will now suppose another of my neighbors gets his liviog on the Ihore, as the sailor's pliiafe is ; has a small house, fay worth 150 I; but it so happens that it is burnt downs this is no great loss to him; for the ciiftom is for the inhabitants of the town in which he lives (and by the fame ciiltom he has liberty to go to other towns to make his complaint) so con tribute to makeup hislofs, anil tie often gets more than he loft: and here the lcaiaiiiig man mud contribute, or be iligmatized as an unfeeling) inhumane wretch. For heaven's fake why should he, since he is uot helped the fame or some other way \ How such a cuilom became eltabiifhed, or why such dif ference was made between neighbor and neighbor, is what I, as well as many others, wish to know. Perhaps some good re&fon might be given, and I will wait patiently to hear it. A friend to all, without exception, EQUALITY. From the Boston Ckntinel. Mr. Russel, THE great attention of people, of late,* to building bridges and ftraighten i»g the roads for public travel, has put me upon enquiring What great advan tage can be expected by attending so | much to this matter; and this may be i known by observing the quantity of travelling on any given road. Suppose the value of 20 teams, paf fiiig per day on an average, allowing 300 days in a yearj at 12 cents per mile per team, amounts to a saving of two dollars and 40 cents per day for every mile that isfaved, and 720 dol lais per annum ; which, rating the in terelt at four per cent, requires a fund of 18000 dollars to raise it; io that saving one milt's tiaval on such a road, is equal to establishing a fund of 18000 dollars for the public ; and every rod so saved is worth two and a quarter dol lars per annum at that rate, and is equal to eilablifhing a fund of fifty-fix and a quarter dollars. Suppose a itevv road of 18 miles is required in order to save one mile, and the laying out and making it colt iodo dollais, at three dollars and 1 i and an half cents per red, (and the making rbads will not cost more than half a dollar per rod in this (late, extraordina iie» excepted) : so that the road sup posed, will, when made, be worth more than fix times what it coll to make it; and in cafe it be laid out and made so enfy that 20 hundred weight may be carted at a load, with a teaul which can cany only 18 hundred on the old road—this (as far as it refpefts'carting heavy loads) is double the advantage of the above-mentioned Ihortening— and is supposed to be as great an im provement : lo that where both these improvements happen together; the road supposed, is worth more thaii twelve times what it cost to m::ke it. lnthis view it is that the public might be greatly served, by takrfig up the matter on a large scale, and laying out the public roads the nearest and best way pofiible, even if the expence of opening them through enclosed fields, &c. should be great, and at present in tolerable. In tliis cafe a load might be very ferviccable for winter travel for many years before it could be fenced out, and would be better before than after on account of snow drifts and might be used ill summer with gates, and until the owners of the lands could conveniently fence it out. By this means the road would be in view of the public, and plans would be laying to forward it People would know where to work at the road so as not to lose their labour, and where to set their buildings, fences, See. and it would be obviously a very gicat advan tage to pofteiity, and posterity would no doubt be sensible of it. A New Hampjb'irt Farmer. From the American Daily Advertiser. To the People of the United States LETTER IV. !j.THE prediction mentioned in my firlt letter begins to be fulfilled Fteflj fymp toins every moment appear of a dark con spiracy, hoflile to your government, to your peace abroad, to your tranquility at home. One of its orators dares to prosti tute the name of Franklin, by annexing it to a publication as insidious as it is incendi ary. Aware of the folly and the danger of a direiSt advocation of the cause of the Infurgents,lie makes the impudent a tempt to inlift your passions in their favour—by falfe and virulent railings against thofewho have heretofore feprefented you in Con gress. The fore ground of the piece pre fepted you with a bitter inventive against that wife,- moderate, and pacific policy, which in all probability will rescue you from the calamities of a foreign war, with an increase of title dignity and with additional lustre to the Ameri can name and character—Your Repre sentatives are delineated as corrupt pu iillanimous and unworthy of your con fidence ; because they did not plunge headlong into meafutes which might have rendered war inevitable ; because they contented themselves with prepar ing for it, inilead of making it, leaving the path open to the Executive for one lait and solemn effort of negotiation— because they did not display either the promptness of gladiators, or the bluf termg of bullies—but a (Turned that firm, yet temperate attitude which alone is suited to the Repretentatives of a brave, but rational people—who deprecated though they did not fear it—and who have a great and solid interefl in peace which ought only to be abandon ed when it is unequivocally ascertained that the facritice is absolutely due to the vindication of their honor and the prefervatioa of their effentiitl rights —because iii fine; your Representatives wished to give an example to the world that the boa I ted moderation of republi can government# was not (like the pa triotilm of our political barkers) an empty declamation, but a precious re ality. The Tallies of a momentary ferififcility, roused and stung by injury were eicufa ble—lt was not wonderful that the events of war, were under the firil irii preflions heard from goad, and even prudent men—But to revive them at this late hour, when fadts and reflection unite to condemn them; to arraign a conduct which has elevated the national charadter to-the highest point of true gloiy—to hope to embark you in the condemnation of that conduit, and to make your indignation againit it ufeful to the cause of lufurredtion and Trea son, are indications of a wrong-headed nefs, pervei fenefs or profligacy, for which it is not easy to find terms of a dequate reprobation. Happily the plotters of mifchief know ye n<j* —They derive what they mistake for your image, from an original in their own heated and crooked imaginations— and they hope to mould a wife, reflect ing and difjiailionate people, io purpc fes which pre-fuppofe an ignorant un thinking and turbulent herd. But the declamation against your Re prefcntatives for their love of peace—is but the preface to the main delign— That delign is to alienate you from the support of the laws by the fpeftre of an "odious excise system, baneful to Li berty, engendered by corruption and nuitured by the Instrumentality (favoured word, fruitful fourcc of moun tebank wit J of the enemies of Freedom." To urge the execution of that system would mariifeft it is said an intemperate fpirii ; and to excite your disapprobati on of that couife, you are threatened with the danger of a civil war, which is called the confumtnation of human evil. ' To crown the outrtge upon youi un derflnndings ; the Insurgents are repre sented as men who understand the prin ciples of freedom and know the horrors and diftrefies of anarchy, jind who, therefore fiiuft have been tempted to 1 hostility against the laws by a radical defect either in the government, or in those entrusted with its administration. How thiifthe partition which divides the infinuatiort from the afTcrtion, that the government is in fault,and the insurgents in the right. Fellow-Citizens ; a name, a found has too often had influence on the af fairs of nations; an Excise has too long been the fudcefsful watch-word of party. It has'even sometimes led astray well meaning men. The experi ment is now to be tried, whether there be any fpdl in it of fufficient farce to unnervirthe arm which it may be found necessary to raise in defence of law and order. The jinglers, who endeavor to cheat us with the found, have never dared to venture into the fair field of argument— They are conscious that it is easier to declaim than to reason on the subject They know it to be better to play a game with the pafiion* and prejudices, than to engage seriously with the under flanding of the auditory. You have already seen, that the me rits of excise laws are immaterial to the question to be decided—that you have prejudged the point by a foletnn consti tutional aft, and that until you shall have revoked or modified that aft, re finance to its operation is a criminal iii fraftion of the social compact, an in verfioil of the fundamental principles of Republican Government, and a daring attack upon your sovereignty—which you are bound by every motive of duty, and felf-prefervation to withstand and defeat. Tha matter might fafely be fuffered to reft here ; but I (hall take a future opportunity to examine the rea sonableness ot the prejudice which is in culcated against excise laws—and which has become the pretext for excrfTes tending to dissolve the bands of Society. Fellow-citizen*—You are told, that it will be intemperate to urge the exe cution of the laws which are refilled what ? Will it be indeed intemperate in yotii Chief Magistrate, sworn to main tain the Constitution, charged faithful ly to execute the laws, and authorized to employ for that purpose lorce when the ordinary means fail—will it be in temperate in him to exert that force, when the constitution and the laws are opposed by force ? Can he answer it to his confcicnce, to you not to exert it 1 Fellow-Citizens —Civil war is un doubtedly a great evil—lt is one that every good man would wish to avoid} and will deplore if 1 virable. But it is incomparably a less evil than the def trudtion of Government. The firit brings with it serious but temporary and partial ills—the last undermines the foundations of our security and happi ness—where (hould we be it it were once to grow into a maxim, that force is not to be used againit the seditious combinations of parts ot the communi ty to refill ihe laws ? This would be to give a Carte blanche to ambition— to licentiousness ; to foreign intrigue; to make you the prey, of the gold of other nations—the sport of the paflions "and vices of individuals among your selves. The Hydra Anarchy would rear its head in every quaiter. The goodly fabric you have eitablifhed would be rent afuuder, and precipitated into the dust. You knew how to encounter civil war. rather than fui render your liberty to foreign domination—you will not hesitate now to brave it rather than furrendei your to the tyran ny of a fart ion—you will be as deaf t» ' the apollles of anarchy now, as you were to the emiflaries of despotism then. Your love of liberty will guide you now as it did then—you know that the Pow er of the majority and JLiberty are in- Crparable—Deftroy that, and this pe rishes. But in truth that which can properly be called a civil war is not to be apprehended—Unless, from the adt of those who endeavour to fan the flame, by rendering the Government odious. A civil war is a contest be tween two Great parts of the fame em pire. The exeition of the strength of the nation to suppress refiQance to its : laws by a sixtieth part of itfeif, is not of that defct iption. After endeavouring to alarm you with the honors of civil war—an at i tempt is made to excite your sympa thy in favour of the armed faction by ' telling you that those who compose it i arc men, who understand the principles ' of freedom, and know the horrors and J diftreffet of anarchy, and mull there j fore have been prompted to hostility ' againit the laws by a radical defedt ei ! ther in the government or in its admi- niftratioa. Fellow-Citizens ! For an answer to this you have only to confnlt your senses. The natural consequence of radical de fed in a government, or in its admini stration is national dillrtrfs and fufFering —look around you—where is it ? do you feel it ! do you fee it ? Go in quest of it beyond the Alleg hanny, and inftcad of it, you will find that there also a scene of. unparralleled prosperity upbraids the ingratitude and madoefs of those, who are endeavour ing to cloud the bright face of our po litical horizon, and to mar the happi est lot that beneficent Heaven ever in dulged to undefcrving mortals. When you have turned your eyes towards that scene—examine well the men whose knowledge of the principles of freedom is so emphatically vaunted— where did they get their better know ledge of those principles than tliat which you pofl'efs ? How is it that yeu have been so blind or tame as to remain quiet, while they have been goaded into hos tility against the laws by a radical de fed in the government, or its admini stration ? Are you willing to yield them' the palm of difcemment, of patriotism or of courage? From the Gene, a I Mvertifer Authentic account of the Jiege of Grand Terre (Ouadaloupt) By the Britijh forces the beginning of July. Jervis having colle&ed all his forcet from the several islands, appeared off Point a Petre with fix (hips of the line, one being a three decker, twelve frigates and fixtecn transports. The troops landed at Gozier without difficulty, and began by entrench ing themfetves very strongly, though im mensely superior to the French. The fort of Fleur d'Epee was their main object; tho* iiumerotm as they were they could have stormed it, the bold invasions »f the French evinced an heroism which they thought more prudent to harrafs and attack by re gular means. They dire&ed their force against Morne Mascot, a hill which com mands Fleur d'Epee with advantage, and which the French had evacuated on account of their numbers being too small to preserve it. live batteries were ere&td oa Morne Mascot, with much precaution and labor ; one of five mortars of 11 inches, another of five 36 pounders, ano ther of three howiuers, a fourth of eight pieces of lefler weight, ar.A the last 0 ? rhr.-e 16 pounders, and 2 Three large gun boats were ftationeu abreast of Fleur d'Epee. The town of Point a Petre, on the other hand was commanded by two cairns potted on two hills, where two refpedUl lie batteries were also credted. The French had to oppose Ihefe for midable preparations, fori of Fleur d' Epee, whose artillery was well served The two frigates who brought ;he troops from Europe they had difniautled, and with their cannon had eftablifncd leVtial batteries to counteract thole of the enemy. The Uritifo kept up for many dav« a molt tremendous cannonade. The town was almost reduced to ruin. The Com missioners had hardly a house to remaiu in. The (hipping which the French had taken amounting to ninety fail, was much in jured by the fire from the floating batteries and so were their two frigates. Advan tageous terms were heldforth by the British commander, the Sans Culottes rejedlid them, determined to fee the town r.nd Clipping reduced to ashes rather than iiib mit. Such adlive corps as the commission ers could spare were employed in harrjffmg the camp of the enemy, so that the British did not leave their entrenchments. At latt the Republicans refolred no longer to combat with an enemy who kept always at a distance, and alked to be led against the British oil fort Morne Mascot. Preparations were according ly made: Two column* of 250 nun each were marched out, one of which did not reach the place of attack by the perfidy os-its treacherous guides. The only one which arrived began the attack against 1800 men, and climbed the almost inacceflihle trenches of the enemy. The Republicans had made themselves masters of two pieces of can. non ; but at lad overpowered by num bers, they retired with the loss of 110 men killed, none prisoners. The ene my loft according to their own avowal 250 men. An armistice of four hours was agreed to on both fides in order to bury the dead. The Britiih commander, while the French were performing their own service, could not abstain from be llowing the highelt eulogiums on their undaunted bravery. On the 30th of June the French feeing that the enemy were adding from day to day to their works, it was refoly ed that a general attack fliould be made against them. As few men as poflible were left in the post, and a sortie effec tuated to the number of Boq men against Morne Mascot. The adtion was bloo dily fought 1 The Republicans had al ready rushed into the enemy's entrench ments, when their rear was thrown into tonfufion by some crying " we are cut off by the British 1" The enemy rallied, and came on with frefh troops ; the van of the French made head for a time a gainst an enemy ten times their number, but at length fell back in good older. Three hundred of the Republican troops were killed or wounded; none were made prisoners. Elated with this fuccef9, the British redoubled their fire in the night of the Ift of July. Shells and balls were in cessantly poured into the town, inso much that it becamc untenable, and a bout 3 o'clock in the morning the Bri tish in theii turn bore upon it in two co lumns, The out pails of the French were on their guard, and their army retired in good order to a neighboring hill, called Morne of the government. The enemy puihed into the town 2000 strong ; the Republicans were threaten ed with military execution; one of their Generals was coward enough to lament their lituation, and reproach the com missioner that he was going to deliver to death such brave and generous soldiers, The litter mod publicly declared their utter abhorrence of so base a con duit, and warmly applauded tHe refec tion of the commiflioner. The attack began ; a molt tremendous fire was kept up for several hours: The French fought like the three hundred Lacedemonian* of the Thermopylce. The heat of their fire, and particularly the judgement which directed it put to flight the re mainder of the British, a major part of whom'were killed in the town. The enemy fled after a most obstinate en gagement from 3to 11 in thefoienoon ; a great part of their artillery was left on the ground, 250 were made prisoners. Gen. Symes was mounded, Gen. Gowi, and Capt. Robertfon who commanded a corps of 500 sailors were killed with 30 officers of less note, and their total loss amounted by their own account t<» 860 men ; the French were occupied two full days interring the British, and more than two hundred yet remain in the woods without sepulchre. TULLY. In the night of the 2d, notwithstand ing their defeat, the British refolveci to make an attempt on fort J leur J' Epee; a (lorm of bombs and cannons, more terrible than ever, seemed to threaten !t with utter deftru&ion. Many republi cans fell; every one however performed his duty with eagerness, the batteries of the foit were inceflantly lined with men, and answered the fire of the enemy with
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers