fajiiments, their furniture and their equi
page. Idleness, extravagance and dif
iipation of every kind, should be banish
ed from our borders. It is from tin
induftrioils alone that we can gathei
ftrervgth. The virtues now recommend
ed, are those which prepared infant
Rome for all her greatness. It is only
from the practice of them, that we car:
expedt to attain that rank among na
Hons, to which our growing numbers
an t extensive territory, entitles 113 to
aspire.
While we celebrate this day, we should
call to recollection those who have no
bly fallen in support of independence.
Time would fail to do them justice in
dividually. To mention die itames ol
fo;ne, ft!ems a fpecics of injury to others,
who are equally deserving of our 4 praise.
It is the bulinefs of the historian to re
cite their names and to tell their gallant
deeds. Let 11s, while we rccolledt their
virtues, be animated with the love of
oor country, that like them, when cal
led upon, we may die in its defence.
Many of those tried friends, who
bravely fought our battles, or who wife
ly conducted our civil affairs, through
the late revolution, have taken their
leave ot this earthly itage, and a new
generation has nearly grown up in their
places. On them it depends to finifh
vv.'.at their fathers llare begun. Much
is still wanting to perfedt our internal
police. As our government rests on
the broad base of the people, every ex
eition should be made to diffufe virtue
and knowledge among them. The un
informed and mifinformed, are fit tools
to fubfeive the views of the turbulent
and ambitious. Ignorance is the ene
my of liberty, and the nUrse of despo
tism. Let it, therefore, be our study to
multiply and facilitate the means of in
ftruflion, through every part of our
country.
This would be a fafe and constituti
onal antidote to ariftocraCy. In these
states, where the rights of primogeni
ture are abolished—'where offices are
open to all—where elections are fre- j
quent, and the right of fuffrage is uni- |
verfal and equal j if we go one step fur
ther, and give the poorjhc means of I
education, as well as the rich, our yeo- j
manry can have nothing to fear from j
any man, 01 any afTocip.tion of men,
however distinguished by birth, office,
fortune or abilities.
Hadl a voice that could be heard from
N*w Hampshire to Georgia, it should
beexertt'd iqurging the necessity of dif
feminatiag virtue and knowledge among
our citizens. On this fubjeft, the po
licy of the eastern states is well worthy
of imitation. The wife people of that
extremity of the Union, never form a
new townfliip,without making art ange
ments, that feciire to its inhabitants the
inftru&ion of youth and the public
preaching of the gospel. Hence their
children are early taught to know their
rights, and to respeCt themfslves. They
grow up good members of society, and
staunch defenders of their country's
cause. No daring demagogue—no craf
ty Cataline-—«—no ambitious Cxfar,
can make any impreflion 011 the liberties
of such an enlightened people.
To France is afligned the talk of de
fending republicanism by arms ; but our
duty is of a different kind. Separated
by the wide Atlantic from the bloody
dissensions of the old world, we ihould
study to cultivate every ufeful art —to
enjoy in peace with all mankind, the
numerous blefiings which providence
has thrown in our way—to transmit
them to posterity, and to extend them
to all within our reach. This ought to
be the ambition of Americans, and not
to seek an enlargement of their domini
on, or to build their advancement on
the degradation of others.
We ihould above all things, study to
promote the union and harmony of the
different states. Periffi the man who
wiflies to divide us into back country,
or low country, into a northern a.id
southern, or into an eastern and well
ern intercft. Forming erne empire, we
will be tri fy refpe&able, but divided
into two, or more, we mull become
the sport of foreign rations, and peace
will be forever exiled from our borders<
The unity and indivisibility of the re
public is an efiential part of the French
Constitution, so it ought td be with us.
We should consider the people of this
country, from the Mississippi to the
Atlantic, from New Hampshire to
Georgia, as forming one whole, the
intereftof which should be-preferred to
that of every part. Even the preju
dices, peculiarities, and local habits of
the different states, should be refpetted
and tenderly dealt with.
The art of government has never yet
been brought near to that degree of per
fection of which it is capable. It is
lamentably true, that it seldom or ne
ver has been administered with any ex
prefj view to its proper objeft,'the hap
piness of the governed. We should be
fired with the generous ambition of
teaching mankind, b;- our exan;;><-
that the people are capable .>f govern- '
ng themfilves to bitter p'»rpof?, |
■ t ever has beeu done by k.ngs uu ji i
ileged. orders. Men of high rm k, ; .
Europe, have aflerted, that a goWjr
inent tormed at noon, on the equal u.-in j
ciples we have adopted, would tsrmi ,
late before the setting of the fan. This
day begins the nineteenth yl\.. of ours, <
and it is now stronger and nunc lirmly
established than it ever was. We know,
by experience, that the collly pageantry
of kings and courts, is not eifential to
political happiness. From the vigor of
our free government, and efl'entially
from its answering every piirpofe, that
a government ought to atifwcr, the
world may learn, that there is no ne*
cefllty in the nature of things for man
to lord it over man. Inferences may
be fairly drawn from our present happy
political situation, which lead to the
extirpation of despotism from the face
of the globe. Let us forward th.'s de
sirable revolution not by officioufly in
termeddling with the internal polity of
foreign countries, but by exhibiting such
an accumulation of private virtue and
public happiness, that other nations,
struck with the fruits of our excellent
Constitution, may be induced, from
free choice, to new model their own,
on similar principles.
The eyes of the world are fixed on
this country and on France. The a
bettors of tyranny are anxiotifly look
ing for opportunities to discredit the
new dodtrines of the rights of man.
They, on every occasion, represent
them as leading to confulion and anar
chy. Equality of rights, and equality
of property, is, in their opinion, one
and the fame thing. Let the wisdom
of our laws, and the orderly conduct of
our citizens, disappoint their wishes, &
give the lie to their calumnies. Let us
teach them, by our example, that ge
nuine republicauifm is friendly to order
and a proper fubordina'.ion in society—
that it is hostile to mobs and licentious
ness of every kind, but the firm sup
porter of constituted authorities—the
guardian of property, as well as of the
rights of man.
France is daily proving, that a hand
ful of citizens, fighting under the ban
ners of liberty, is more than a match
for an host of mercenaries, engaged in j
support of tyranny. It remains for us
to recommend fiee governments, by the
example of a peaccable, orderly, vir
tuous and happy people. We should
press forward in accomphfliing every
thing that can add to the common.stock
of public good. Whilewwasr f with its
horrid attendants, is the pastime of kings,
let it be the study of republicans, to
make unceasing advances in every thing
than can improve, refine, or imbellifh
society. Animated with this noble am
bition, the superior happiness of our
country, will amply repay us for the
blood and treafuTe which independence
has cost. May that ambition fire our
breasts, and may that happiness increase,
and know no end, till time (hall be no
more.
PHILADELPHIA,
JULY 29.
The following is said to be a statement
of the captures from the convoy under La
Concorde, bound from the Delaware to
France.
By the Resolution, 1 merchant fliip.
Thetis, 5 do.
Argonaut, 4 do.
L'Oifeau 5 do.
Africa, 1 do.
16
Exclufire of a (loop of war taken by
the Oifeau.
The degree of credence due to transmarine
reports may be determined by the follow
ing article which was publijhed in A
pril lajli
Reports Were yesterday current in this
city, which we believe well founded: —
That the English have been severely drub,
bed in the Weft Indies. The brave Gen.
Rochambeau havitig totally repulsed them
from Fort Bourbon, Martinique, and dis
patched 3006 to a "position" which they
will not (hortly " change"—further that a
French fleet had arrived, and taken poflef
fion of Cape Francois and its dependen
cies.
Capt. Lawfon in the brig Fanny,
from C. Nichlo Mole, arrived on Friday
laftin 11 days, and brings intelligence 1 /
that markets were low, except for frefh
provision, which were extremely fearce;
beef could not be procured, and flour,
was a glutt owing to the immense influx
from the United States. The British
troops had pofTeflion of the town, but
the republicans were under its walls in
great force. The fleet rendezvouzed
there to attack Port de Paix, but sailors
could not be ound to man tbem. A
(ecord meflagc, however, had been sent
co (jet.cral Lavaux, from Col. V/hMock
'unr dcr the place, and he ; eeeived
h awwer, that, r.d *Kempt would! be
• u >"'de to -prevent the lauding of the B; itiili
troop*, but that they all ought expect
never to return.
The schooner Swallow", of Philadel
phia, had arrived at the Mole, but not
finding the market to ahfwer, cleared
out for Fort Dolphin, and altered his
and Went to Port dc Paix. In
formation being received of this at tin
Mole, the name of the veH'el and that
of the mailer were regillered ifl the
Cuttom-Houfe books, and a privateer
sent out to take her.
Santhonax had fled from Jamaica, in I
a Datiifh veflel, and frequent excursions
were made by the republicans, nips'
Port-au-Prince in the night, aud they
had carried off considerable plunder.
From the Central uidvertijer.
It is filrprifirig with what inveteracy
the fattion combat every sentiment ad- I
vanced iii favor of the supremacy of the
people. In the Gazette of the United
States of Friday last, under the model!
head of detached observations we find a
new definition, truly, of what has hi
therto been underftooi by th t, i>EOPLE.
By this definition all are excluded from
the class, from a vote in the choice of
Reprfefentatives, from a right of censur
ing the proceedings of government who
are not porprietors of the foil or owners
offome other vilible property. It is
only in a t'oiintry where the rnoft infig
njficant has a right to the expression of
his opinion, that sentiments like tliefe
would go unpunished. Again, in the
lame paper, on Saturday, the Omni
potency ot the people in this government
is denieti, in a paragraph adverting upon
some observations on the fnbjeft of tlit?
Pittftmrgriots which appeared inourlaft.
But here those gentlemen ca. p at word j;
we asserted that all power is in the
hands of the people, explaining at the
time time that they have the power to
chufe and change their representatives,
to inftnidl them, to renloriltrate Ou their
conduct, even to alter or annul their
eonftitutiori ; we could not be supposed
to mean, that the American people
Ihotild m a body make their latvs and
execute them, yet this is the meaning
the gentlemen have chofeu to apply.
Tliey proceed to explain their doss.tr ihe
whic l is that so long as the govern
ment exilts, the power of the people
is delegated and the moment that power
is resumed by the peop'c the government
is extinil. Now we will alk is the go
vernment extinct when the people ex
ercise the right of remonltrating, or
even is the constitution annulled the
rrtament the people exercise their power
to bring about a reforms C^O-l
Remarks on the Aba-He.
Well was it said, " Ye know not What
manner ps spirit ye are of"—Experience
every hour is teftifying that the m'oft vio
lent pretentions to a love of liberty offtri
cover the molt despotic defigtis. It has
more than once beeri propOsed in the Gene
ral Advertiser to fuppreis all freedom of o
pinion, by uieafures the most fnmmary.
A bare perusal ps the sentiments alluded to
in the ahove paragraphs, will lerve to con
vince every candid reader, that no opinion
was offered of a nature or tendency to juf
tify the conftrudtion put on them by this
truly intolerant paragraphift. But, can
that mind be irradiated by one' particle
of the glorious flame of freedom which
would suggest that the " moss irifignifi
cant leing" should be punijhed for senti
ments ? It is to the intelligence, the
good sense of the people alone that wo
are to trust for our being preserved from
the power of men who would soon
make their <u)ill the sovereign law. That
intelligence and good sense, led the peo
ple to adopt the constitution which is
now the political ark of fafety to their
right* and privileges,'the hope of the pre
sent and future generations—and odi
ous only to those who can fee beauty in
anarchy arid crimes.
FROM THE N. Y. DIARY.
To the Democratic Society of the City of
Ne<w-Tork.
Gentlemen,
Since you have undertaken, and with
astonishing avidity and perseverance to 1
InfpeiS info the conduff of Aristocrats
and Tories ■who do not belong to youf ex
cellent injlttutinn, I think it my jndifpen
' fable duty as a true and tried {whig, to
I cornrfiunicate to yoti every abuse and
i infringement committed On youf in/li
tutioir, arrd which iff contrary to the
true intent and meaning of all Democra
tic Societies. It is reported in this City,
and I believe with good foundation,
that one of your members (and
for what I know) have made a vilit on
board the Thetis frigate, while laying
in this harbor, where it is fe'd they
weis very politely used; and afti.: Raf
ting the glass freely, the officers very
politely tortit.d the Preside ;t of Jthe
Ur.ited States, with a vie'w, no doubt,
lol.arn, whether there did (till re'mnin
a spark of feve to his moil Gr«icu>u<,
Majesty in this once rebellious land,
they succeeded, and the Heroes toaft
cd the Idiot; and, what is more vex
ing, one ot them had the impudence to
tnake his boast, " that he had the ho
nor to drink King George's health."
If tliefe gross insults pass with impu
nity, T am nnprehenfive thrtt you are
deviating very far from the objetts you
full had in view.
WIGWAM.
New-York, July 22, 1794.
Mr. Paine's Dedication of his late work
entitled " Age of Reason."
To my fellow Citizens of the United
States of America.
I PUT the following work under your I
protection. It contains my opinion
upon Rrligion. You will do me the
judiceto remember, that I have always
ftrenuouily fupportedthe Right of every
Man to his own opinion, hdwevef dif
ferent that opinion might be to mine.
He A'ho denies to another tiiis right,
makes a Have of bimftlf to hii present
opinion, because he precludes hiinfelf
the right of changing it.
The molt formidable weapon igait/ft
erros of every kind is Reason. 1 have
never uled any other, and I tru'fl I never
lhalit
Yoiit affectionate friend and fellow
citizen. THOMAS PAINE.
Luxamboitrg, (Paris) Bth Pluvibfe,
Seeond yeSr of the French Repub
lic, one and indivisible. January
27} 1794. 0. S.
INTRODUCTION.
It has been my intention fei- seVeral
years pa ft, to publish fny thoughts upon
Religiorij lam well aware of the,dif
ficulties that attend the fiibjeft ; and
trom that cOnfidefatlon, had reserved,
it to a more advarlted period of life.—
I intended it to be the last offering 1
(hould make to my fellow citizens of all
nations ; and that at a time, when the
purity of the motive that indjeed me
to it cotild not admit of a queftiun, even
by those who might difapprovc t he work.
The circumstance that no v.' takes
place in France, of the tbral abolition
of the whole national Order of prielt
liood, and of every thing appertaining
to compulfivc systems of religion, and
compultive articles of faith, has rot on
ly precipitated tny intention but Tender
ed a work of this kind exceedingly necef
-I'ary ; left; in the general wreii: of'fu
perflition, of falfe fyltems of govern
rnentjr and falfe theology, we It f - fight
of morality, of humanity; and tf the
theology that is true.
To the above work is" adrfecl, an
abridgement of prkjuicks dls.-kot£d
By J. M Lequinio.
Member of the National Convention of
France and Citizen of the Glc.jie.
Mr. L. dedicates this extraordinary
work, not to any particular nation', but
to the whole liniverfe : A) future race
may bless him for assailing the pr
ce9 of the present, yet he aims nfct to
procure their applause, hut to afee'l tain
their ha'ppinifs *iid their liberty.
By this Day*s Mail.
ALEXANDRIA, July 21.
From the Wejl-Indiesi
Friday last, the 18th inPF. toe fdioon
er Harriot, Captain Slacum, arrived
here from Antigua, and ,St. Martins.
He informs that the French were in pos
session of Gaudaloupe on the 28th June,
that ori th'e 2jth June, the French and
Britiili forces ha!d an engagement, in
which the former were victorious, the
latter ha.ing loft upwaids of one hun
dred men and four officeri^ —that the
Britifll fleet was lying off Gaudaloupe,
and theli only etfpeitation of retaking
the Island was by starving the French—
that Sonerfelle, a noto; ious rascal, who
had amafTed a large sum' by plundering
the AmtrieanSj fell into the hands of
the French with all his ill-gotten plun
der. Tie French brought three " thai",
ing mills," which were employed in
workin; up those aristocrats who wer£
inimical to the Caufc of their country /
That tie people of Antigua were yery
defiroiß that Sir John Jervis should ca
pitulate with the French, as it was ge
nerally believed that an attempt to re
take die Island of Gaudaloupe by (lorm
would be attended with fataj yonfequen
ccs—and that a fever raged in the Bri
tifll fl?et, which carried off great num
bers daily.
By a veflel arriyed here from Turk's
Island, we are informed that an Ameri
can brig, which had lately failed froni
hence, had called in there, the Capt.
of which gave an account that he had a
few days before fallen in with a fleet of
Spanish m;u of war, coijiilinj nf ten
fail, bound as he was infoimed by oae
of the squadron wliich brought him o,
to St. Domingo, with troops to co-o
perate with the Britifli forces in theie
dudtion of fnch part of that Island a*
may yet be in the poflefiion of i c
French. An Englifli officer, wlio
paflfenger on board the brig when {he fel
in with ttii* fleet, Hated them to be
French (Hps of war, and the foMievy
on board them wore the National uui
foi m and red Cap of liberty ; and further
S<ldft}, that they were botind for the re
lief of }he French Iflawd : another ves
sel, however, which arrived at Ttiik's
Island, aild had fallen in with the-fame
fleet, confirmed the American captain's
information;
BALTIMORE.
Saturday, July 26.
Yeftterday arrived the privateer Sans
Culotte, Capt Dot, from off a cruize in
the Well Indies. The ufdal fucc f at
tendant upon the exertions of French
men, in their contest 'for liberty, has
likewile accompanied these intrepid Re
publicans. Two Spanilh Brigs laden
with valuable cargoes of Sugar, Cotton,
Indigo, &c. havfc been surrendered to.
t heriii They wete taken in latitude of
Porto Rico.
Letters from the Isle of France ad
vise, that the Brig America, an
American bottom, commanded by John
Owen, ( a citizen of the United >S v ..tes,
was laden at and failed from the Isle of
France in Augiift 4792, 011 a voyage to
the North-Weft coast of America ; that
having been fucceflTulj {he had arrived
at Mricaoj near Canton, at which place
(having ho knowledge of the war be
tween England and France)fhe was in
January 1794, captured by the Britifli.
{hip Lion, and made a prize of,- the
cargue was fold by the captors fbr up
wards of £5,000 dollars, and the Brig;
was jcept to aft as a tender to the devour
-1 ing Liott.
RICHMOND, July 25.
An express having arrived here, about
1 o'clock on Monday morning, to the ex
ecutive, from Major Taylor, with infor
mation of the fitting out an armed ves
sel in Smithfield, for the purpoie of pri
vateering under a French cdmmiffion, in
defiance, and contrary so the laws* of neu
| trality, so ftii£Hy enjoined, and that the
; proprietors to carry this, illicit, undertaking,
; into eff'edt, had rc/ified the Marshal in the
I execution of his office to prevent the fame.
I The Governor with hii wonted decision
and atfHvity in nipping
on the laws, and enforcing due obedience
thereto, fpeedily.purfiied the measures ne
ceflary to be taken in such cases. The
Cavalry, Infantry and Artillery compa
j n 'es, commanded by Captain Hicks, Hi-'
j chardfon.and Qnarrier, htadefl bv a Ge
neral Officer,*- re immediately diipatched
to the Marflial's afliftafice.
Too much praise cannot be given tfot
citizens of Richmond for their zeal and
readiness on this and every othef occaflon,'
where the service of tFieir country, and
prefervatiofi of its rights are involved—•
and ftifely it imift be a sensible gratifica
tion to every patriot and lover of good or
der to behold the military ardor and emu
lative discipline so prevalent here, when'
they refleift that it's tendency must be a
terror to the fres of liberty, and-a curb to
thecarecrof the licentious.
It does not appear from the forgoing that.
the report refpefting the backiujrdnefs of
the militia well four.dedi
TO BE SOLD,
THOMAS kOBSON,
AN
Alphabetical Lift
OF THE
DUTIE S
Payable by law on all Goods, \\ are% ants
Merchandise imported into the tliiittd
of A>nerica> after the !»it day of
June 1-784, difUngiViifitog the rates payable
;• oi) those imported in ships or vefleis oi the
" United States—and the rates (/ayable in Jo.
6 gn (hips qt veflfels, including the addi
tional duties, to which the refpc&ive arti
cles are liable.
J"iy 29 d
Just Published,
ulnd to be fold by
THOMAS DOBSON,
At the Stone Hniiie No 41, fbuth Secenrf
ftieet. price i-Btli of a dollar,
An Impartial Review
Of that part of Di- KOSH'j Late
PVBI.IC A T I O N
On the TEL LOW FEVER,
Which treats of its origin.
In which his opinion is ftuwu 10 he erro*
neons—the fntrodiiftion of the diiirie ty
nwortation prov ed, and the wholefcnienefS
l os thtf city vindica' d.
By Williafii Currie,
Fellow ot the CcJlkge o£ Phyfici^U < >, &€
At-he fame pface may be had Dr.^furre*
Treatise en the Tellotv Fever,
And his actoiral of the Cilimatct and Di<»
ea'cs f Ame'ita.
July 26