fajiiments, their furniture and their equi page. Idleness, extravagance and dif iipation of every kind, should be banish ed from our borders. It is from tin induftrioils alone that we can gathei ftrervgth. The virtues now recommend ed, are those which prepared infant Rome for all her greatness. It is only from the practice of them, that we car: expedt to attain that rank among na Hons, to which our growing numbers an t extensive territory, entitles 113 to aspire. While we celebrate this day, we should call to recollection those who have no bly fallen in support of independence. Time would fail to do them justice in dividually. To mention die itames ol fo;ne, ft!ems a fpecics of injury to others, who are equally deserving of our 4 praise. It is the bulinefs of the historian to re cite their names and to tell their gallant deeds. Let 11s, while we rccolledt their virtues, be animated with the love of oor country, that like them, when cal led upon, we may die in its defence. Many of those tried friends, who bravely fought our battles, or who wife ly conducted our civil affairs, through the late revolution, have taken their leave ot this earthly itage, and a new generation has nearly grown up in their places. On them it depends to finifh vv.'.at their fathers llare begun. Much is still wanting to perfedt our internal police. As our government rests on the broad base of the people, every ex eition should be made to diffufe virtue and knowledge among them. The un informed and mifinformed, are fit tools to fubfeive the views of the turbulent and ambitious. Ignorance is the ene my of liberty, and the nUrse of despo tism. Let it, therefore, be our study to multiply and facilitate the means of in ftruflion, through every part of our country. This would be a fafe and constituti onal antidote to ariftocraCy. In these states, where the rights of primogeni ture are abolished—'where offices are open to all—where elections are fre- j quent, and the right of fuffrage is uni- | verfal and equal j if we go one step fur ther, and give the poorjhc means of I education, as well as the rich, our yeo- j manry can have nothing to fear from j any man, 01 any afTocip.tion of men, however distinguished by birth, office, fortune or abilities. Hadl a voice that could be heard from N*w Hampshire to Georgia, it should beexertt'd iqurging the necessity of dif feminatiag virtue and knowledge among our citizens. On this fubjeft, the po licy of the eastern states is well worthy of imitation. The wife people of that extremity of the Union, never form a new townfliip,without making art ange ments, that feciire to its inhabitants the inftru&ion of youth and the public preaching of the gospel. Hence their children are early taught to know their rights, and to respeCt themfslves. They grow up good members of society, and staunch defenders of their country's cause. No daring demagogue—no craf ty Cataline-—«—no ambitious Cxfar, can make any impreflion 011 the liberties of such an enlightened people. To France is afligned the talk of de fending republicanism by arms ; but our duty is of a different kind. Separated by the wide Atlantic from the bloody dissensions of the old world, we ihould study to cultivate every ufeful art —to enjoy in peace with all mankind, the numerous blefiings which providence has thrown in our way—to transmit them to posterity, and to extend them to all within our reach. This ought to be the ambition of Americans, and not to seek an enlargement of their domini on, or to build their advancement on the degradation of others. We ihould above all things, study to promote the union and harmony of the different states. Periffi the man who wiflies to divide us into back country, or low country, into a northern a.id southern, or into an eastern and well ern intercft. Forming erne empire, we will be tri fy refpe&able, but divided into two, or more, we mull become the sport of foreign rations, and peace will be forever exiled from our borders< The unity and indivisibility of the re public is an efiential part of the French Constitution, so it ought td be with us. We should consider the people of this country, from the Mississippi to the Atlantic, from New Hampshire to Georgia, as forming one whole, the intereftof which should be-preferred to that of every part. Even the preju dices, peculiarities, and local habits of the different states, should be refpetted and tenderly dealt with. The art of government has never yet been brought near to that degree of per fection of which it is capable. It is lamentably true, that it seldom or ne ver has been administered with any ex prefj view to its proper objeft,'the hap piness of the governed. We should be fired with the generous ambition of teaching mankind, b;- our exan;;><- that the people are capable .>f govern- ' ng themfilves to bitter p'»rpof?, | ■ t ever has beeu done by k.ngs uu ji i ileged. orders. Men of high rm k, ; . Europe, have aflerted, that a goWjr inent tormed at noon, on the equal u.-in j ciples we have adopted, would tsrmi , late before the setting of the fan. This day begins the nineteenth yl\.. of ours, < and it is now stronger and nunc lirmly established than it ever was. We know, by experience, that the collly pageantry of kings and courts, is not eifential to political happiness. From the vigor of our free government, and efl'entially from its answering every piirpofe, that a government ought to atifwcr, the world may learn, that there is no ne* cefllty in the nature of things for man to lord it over man. Inferences may be fairly drawn from our present happy political situation, which lead to the extirpation of despotism from the face of the globe. Let us forward th.'s de sirable revolution not by officioufly in termeddling with the internal polity of foreign countries, but by exhibiting such an accumulation of private virtue and public happiness, that other nations, struck with the fruits of our excellent Constitution, may be induced, from free choice, to new model their own, on similar principles. The eyes of the world are fixed on this country and on France. The a bettors of tyranny are anxiotifly look ing for opportunities to discredit the new dodtrines of the rights of man. They, on every occasion, represent them as leading to confulion and anar chy. Equality of rights, and equality of property, is, in their opinion, one and the fame thing. Let the wisdom of our laws, and the orderly conduct of our citizens, disappoint their wishes, & give the lie to their calumnies. Let us teach them, by our example, that ge nuine republicauifm is friendly to order and a proper fubordina'.ion in society— that it is hostile to mobs and licentious ness of every kind, but the firm sup porter of constituted authorities—the guardian of property, as well as of the rights of man. France is daily proving, that a hand ful of citizens, fighting under the ban ners of liberty, is more than a match for an host of mercenaries, engaged in j support of tyranny. It remains for us to recommend fiee governments, by the example of a peaccable, orderly, vir tuous and happy people. We should press forward in accomphfliing every thing that can add to the common.stock of public good. Whilewwasr f with its horrid attendants, is the pastime of kings, let it be the study of republicans, to make unceasing advances in every thing than can improve, refine, or imbellifh society. Animated with this noble am bition, the superior happiness of our country, will amply repay us for the blood and treafuTe which independence has cost. May that ambition fire our breasts, and may that happiness increase, and know no end, till time (hall be no more. PHILADELPHIA, JULY 29. The following is said to be a statement of the captures from the convoy under La Concorde, bound from the Delaware to France. By the Resolution, 1 merchant fliip. Thetis, 5 do. Argonaut, 4 do. L'Oifeau 5 do. Africa, 1 do. 16 Exclufire of a (loop of war taken by the Oifeau. The degree of credence due to transmarine reports may be determined by the follow ing article which was publijhed in A pril lajli Reports Were yesterday current in this city, which we believe well founded: — That the English have been severely drub, bed in the Weft Indies. The brave Gen. Rochambeau havitig totally repulsed them from Fort Bourbon, Martinique, and dis patched 3006 to a "position" which they will not (hortly " change"—further that a French fleet had arrived, and taken poflef fion of Cape Francois and its dependen cies. Capt. Lawfon in the brig Fanny, from C. Nichlo Mole, arrived on Friday laftin 11 days, and brings intelligence 1 / that markets were low, except for frefh provision, which were extremely fearce; beef could not be procured, and flour, was a glutt owing to the immense influx from the United States. The British troops had pofTeflion of the town, but the republicans were under its walls in great force. The fleet rendezvouzed there to attack Port de Paix, but sailors could not be ound to man tbem. A (ecord meflagc, however, had been sent co (jet.cral Lavaux, from Col. V/hMock 'unr dcr the place, and he ; eeeived h awwer, that, r.d *Kempt would! be • u >"'de to -prevent the lauding of the B; itiili troop*, but that they all ought expect never to return. The schooner Swallow", of Philadel phia, had arrived at the Mole, but not finding the market to ahfwer, cleared out for Fort Dolphin, and altered his and Went to Port dc Paix. In formation being received of this at tin Mole, the name of the veH'el and that of the mailer were regillered ifl the Cuttom-Houfe books, and a privateer sent out to take her. Santhonax had fled from Jamaica, in I a Datiifh veflel, and frequent excursions were made by the republicans, nips' Port-au-Prince in the night, aud they had carried off considerable plunder. From the Central uidvertijer. It is filrprifirig with what inveteracy the fattion combat every sentiment ad- I vanced iii favor of the supremacy of the people. In the Gazette of the United States of Friday last, under the model! head of detached observations we find a new definition, truly, of what has hi therto been underftooi by th t, i>EOPLE. By this definition all are excluded from the class, from a vote in the choice of Reprfefentatives, from a right of censur ing the proceedings of government who are not porprietors of the foil or owners offome other vilible property. It is only in a t'oiintry where the rnoft infig njficant has a right to the expression of his opinion, that sentiments like tliefe would go unpunished. Again, in the lame paper, on Saturday, the Omni potency ot the people in this government is denieti, in a paragraph adverting upon some observations on the fnbjeft of tlit? Pittftmrgriots which appeared inourlaft. But here those gentlemen ca. p at word j; we asserted that all power is in the hands of the people, explaining at the time time that they have the power to chufe and change their representatives, to inftnidl them, to renloriltrate Ou their conduct, even to alter or annul their eonftitutiori ; we could not be supposed to mean, that the American people Ihotild m a body make their latvs and execute them, yet this is the meaning the gentlemen have chofeu to apply. Tliey proceed to explain their doss.tr ihe whic l is that so long as the govern ment exilts, the power of the people is delegated and the moment that power is resumed by the peop'c the government is extinil. Now we will alk is the go vernment extinct when the people ex ercise the right of remonltrating, or even is the constitution annulled the rrtament the people exercise their power to bring about a reforms C^O-l Remarks on the Aba-He. Well was it said, " Ye know not What manner ps spirit ye are of"—Experience every hour is teftifying that the m'oft vio lent pretentions to a love of liberty offtri cover the molt despotic defigtis. It has more than once beeri propOsed in the Gene ral Advertiser to fuppreis all freedom of o pinion, by uieafures the most fnmmary. A bare perusal ps the sentiments alluded to in the ahove paragraphs, will lerve to con vince every candid reader, that no opinion was offered of a nature or tendency to juf tify the conftrudtion put on them by this truly intolerant paragraphift. But, can that mind be irradiated by one' particle of the glorious flame of freedom which would suggest that the " moss irifignifi cant leing" should be punijhed for senti ments ? It is to the intelligence, the good sense of the people alone that wo are to trust for our being preserved from the power of men who would soon make their u<, Majesty in this once rebellious land, they succeeded, and the Heroes toaft cd the Idiot; and, what is more vex ing, one ot them had the impudence to tnake his boast, " that he had the ho nor to drink King George's health." If tliefe gross insults pass with impu nity, T am nnprehenfive thrtt you are deviating very far from the objetts you full had in view. WIGWAM. New-York, July 22, 1794. Mr. Paine's Dedication of his late work entitled " Age of Reason." To my fellow Citizens of the United States of America. I PUT the following work under your I protection. It contains my opinion upon Rrligion. You will do me the judiceto remember, that I have always ftrenuouily fupportedthe Right of every Man to his own opinion, hdwevef dif ferent that opinion might be to mine. He A'ho denies to another tiiis right, makes a Have of bimftlf to hii present opinion, because he precludes hiinfelf the right of changing it. The molt formidable weapon igait/ft erros of every kind is Reason. 1 have never uled any other, and I tru'fl I never lhalit Yoiit affectionate friend and fellow citizen. THOMAS PAINE. Luxamboitrg, (Paris) Bth Pluvibfe, Seeond yeSr of the French Repub lic, one and indivisible. January 27} 1794. 0. S. INTRODUCTION. It has been my intention fei- seVeral years pa ft, to publish fny thoughts upon Religiorij lam well aware of the,dif ficulties that attend the fiibjeft ; and trom that cOnfidefatlon, had reserved, it to a more advarlted period of life.— I intended it to be the last offering 1 (hould make to my fellow citizens of all nations ; and that at a time, when the purity of the motive that indjeed me to it cotild not admit of a queftiun, even by those who might difapprovc t he work. The circumstance that no v.' takes place in France, of the tbral abolition of the whole national Order of prielt liood, and of every thing appertaining to compulfivc systems of religion, and compultive articles of faith, has rot on ly precipitated tny intention but Tender ed a work of this kind exceedingly necef -I'ary ; left; in the general wreii: of'fu perflition, of falfe fyltems of govern rnentjr and falfe theology, we It f - fight of morality, of humanity; and tf the theology that is true. To the above work is" adrfecl, an abridgement of prkjuicks dls.-kot£d By J. M Lequinio. Member of the National Convention of France and Citizen of the Glc.jie. Mr. L. dedicates this extraordinary work, not to any particular nation', but to the whole liniverfe : A) future race may bless him for assailing the pr ce9 of the present, yet he aims nfct to procure their applause, hut to afee'l tain their ha'ppinifs *iid their liberty. By this Day*s Mail. ALEXANDRIA, July 21. From the Wejl-Indiesi Friday last, the 18th inPF. toe fdioon er Harriot, Captain Slacum, arrived here from Antigua, and ,St. Martins. He informs that the French were in pos session of Gaudaloupe on the 28th June, that ori th'e 2jth June, the French and Britiili forces ha!d an engagement, in which the former were victorious, the latter ha.ing loft upwaids of one hun dred men and four officeri^ —that the Britifll fleet was lying off Gaudaloupe, and theli only etfpeitation of retaking the Island was by starving the French— that Sonerfelle, a noto; ious rascal, who had amafTed a large sum' by plundering the AmtrieanSj fell into the hands of the French with all his ill-gotten plun der. Tie French brought three " thai", ing mills," which were employed in workin; up those aristocrats who wer£ inimical to the Caufc of their country / That tie people of Antigua were yery defiroiß that Sir John Jervis should ca pitulate with the French, as it was ge nerally believed that an attempt to re take die Island of Gaudaloupe by (lorm would be attended with fataj yonfequen ccs—and that a fever raged in the Bri tifll fl?et, which carried off great num bers daily. By a veflel arriyed here from Turk's Island, we are informed that an Ameri can brig, which had lately failed froni hence, had called in there, the Capt. of which gave an account that he had a few days before fallen in with a fleet of Spanish m;u of war, coijiilinj nf ten fail, bound as he was infoimed by oae of the squadron wliich brought him o, to St. Domingo, with troops to co-o perate with the Britifli forces in theie dudtion of fnch part of that Island a* may yet be in the poflefiion of i c French. An Englifli officer, wlio paflfenger on board the brig when {he fel in with ttii* fleet, Hated them to be French (Hps of war, and the foMievy on board them wore the National uui foi m and red Cap of liberty ; and further SS v ..tes, was laden at and failed from the Isle of France in Augiift 4792, 011 a voyage to the North-Weft coast of America ; that having been fucceflTulj {he had arrived at Mricaoj near Canton, at which place (having ho knowledge of the war be tween England and France)fhe was in January 1794, captured by the Britifli. {hip Lion, and made a prize of,- the cargue was fold by the captors fbr up wards of £5,000 dollars, and the Brig; was jcept to aft as a tender to the devour -1 ing Liott. RICHMOND, July 25. An express having arrived here, about 1 o'clock on Monday morning, to the ex ecutive, from Major Taylor, with infor mation of the fitting out an armed ves sel in Smithfield, for the purpoie of pri vateering under a French cdmmiffion, in defiance, and contrary so the laws* of neu | trality, so ftii£Hy enjoined, and that the ; proprietors to carry this, illicit, undertaking, ; into eff'edt, had rc/ified the Marshal in the I execution of his office to prevent the fame. I The Governor with hii wonted decision and atfHvity in nipping on the laws, and enforcing due obedience thereto, fpeedily.purfiied the measures ne ceflary to be taken in such cases. The Cavalry, Infantry and Artillery compa j n 'es, commanded by Captain Hicks, Hi-' j chardfon.and Qnarrier, htadefl bv a Ge neral Officer,*- re immediately diipatched to the Marflial's afliftafice. Too much praise cannot be given tfot citizens of Richmond for their zeal and readiness on this and every othef occaflon,' where the service of tFieir country, and prefervatiofi of its rights are involved—• and ftifely it imift be a sensible gratifica tion to every patriot and lover of good or der to behold the military ardor and emu lative discipline so prevalent here, when' they refleift that it's tendency must be a terror to the fres of liberty, and-a curb to thecarecrof the licentious. It does not appear from the forgoing that. the report refpefting the backiujrdnefs of the militia well four.dedi TO BE SOLD, THOMAS kOBSON, AN Alphabetical Lift OF THE DUTIE S Payable by law on all Goods, \\ are% ants Merchandise imported into the tliiittd of A>nerica> after the !»it day of June 1-784, difUngiViifitog the rates payable ;• oi) those imported in ships or vefleis oi the " United States—and the rates (/ayable in Jo. 6 gn (hips qt veflfels, including the addi tional duties, to which the refpc&ive arti cles are liable. J"iy 29 d Just Published, ulnd to be fold by THOMAS DOBSON, At the Stone Hniiie No 41, fbuth Secenrf ftieet. price i-Btli of a dollar, An Impartial Review Of that part of Di- KOSH'j Late PVBI.IC A T I O N On the TEL LOW FEVER, Which treats of its origin. In which his opinion is ftuwu 10 he erro* neons—the fntrodiiftion of the diiirie ty nwortation prov ed, and the wholefcnienefS l os thtf city vindica' d. By Williafii Currie, Fellow ot the CcJlkge o£ Phyfici^U < >, &€ At-he fame pface may be had Dr.^furre* Treatise en the Tellotv Fever, And his actoiral of the Cilimatct and Di<» ea'cs f Ame'ita. July 26