fill! HENRY A. PARSONS, Jr., Edltorand Publisher. NIL DESPERANDUM. Two Dollars per Annum. VOL.fni. - BIDGWAY, ELK COUNTY, PA., THURSDAY' JULY 13. 1882 NO. 21. Christian Roth's Story. rstuttunrt. lln. 1882.1 I've culled, Mr. Consul, Mils morning, to nsk, If you please, your nuvitw On ft matter that gives mo great worry" Let's hear It (wants money I know)." Here's my citizen-paper ("All right.") I was born In the Schwarswaldcr Krcis, At Schramberg, and went to America forty-flvo years ago. Yes, I'm near seventy now, and yon sec that my step Is unsteady Plenty of trouble, I tell yon I settled In North Illinois, And there, ever since, I've been working and sav ing np, so that already I've got a nice farm, Sir. Consul, that goes by-and bye to my boys. How many children 1 There's four, three boys and a girl. We've had seven ; But when the war came along, my William and Carl marched away. Doth of them fell on the field, and last winter the good Lord In Heaven Called home our dear little Iinnie--8he's twelve years old to-day. Ves, the old woman Is living. She's there with the boys on the place, And our Una keeps house for them all. Next spring she'll bo just twenty-four. She's tho handsomest girl in tho county; there's sunshine all over her face j I can hear even now her sweet voice as she told me farewell at the door. Why I left ? Well, pc rhnps, Mr. Consul, 'twere bet ter the truth weren't told. But no matter It wasn't my fault. My old woman and I had a fight. She is sick and can't work any more, and she's idle We're both getting old ; So she's cross, and will have It that I'm always wrong and that she's always right. It hasn't been always that way. In the days when we worked for our bread And hadn't a dollar laid by in the bank, she and I were all good And happy together; but since wo began to be get ting ahead She has tried to be boss over mo, and I didn't in tend that she should. And when our poor dear Minnie died, I had hoped that the fight would die, too, But no ! it lived on just the same, and one day, about four weeks ago, The old woman sent out for a lawyer, and then, for . the first time, I knew Thnt she wanted to separate from me f rom me, who have borne with her so. And the boys they all tried to make peace ; she would listen to naught that they said, But my Lina stood up by my side though she spuku not, 'twas easy to nee, As she put her sweet arms round my neck and rested her beautiful head On my breast, that her dear heart was full of the tenderest pity for me. And I said: "My Christina, we've labored and struggled together till now ; Our children arc grown, and you want us to sepa rate, now wc are old ? No lawyer can part us, Christina, no lawyer can sever our vow, But I'll leave you and go forth alone on my wy through the rain and tlie cold." ; Then my poor Lina cried, and sho bado me re flect, and tho boys they said " Stay I" And I paused for a moment and looked at Chris tina she said not a word. One word would have kept me. Hut no, it came not, and I hurried away. And my Lina's sweet voice, "Oh, dear father, come back," was the last that I heard. And so I have wandered back here to the scenes of my childhood and youth ; Have Btood by the grave of my father and mother have seen the old home M On the hillside at Schramberg and yet, M r. Consul, to tell you the truth, I find that I cannot be happy while far from the loved ones I roam. For my sweet Una's words, " Oh, dear father, come back," always ring in my cars, And I'm going this day; but for fear there should come on the journey some ill, There's no telling, you know, what might happen, perchance, to a man of my years, I have come, Mr. Consul, this morning to ask you to draw up my will. And I want you to make my old woman entitled to all that I've goi In case of my death. After all I can trust her to do what is fair By the children in case she survives me. Just say that I, Christian Itoth " What! Is your name Christian Koth 1 Here's a letter ad dressed to you here in my care." A letter! My Lina's handwriting, and postmarked at Scott, Illinois; Here, quick, let me read it: "Dear father, my mother implores you to come. She tenderly a-ks your forgiveness; and now, she and I and the boys Arc lovingly waiting your coming, nnd eager to welcome you home." Ocoiye L. Catlin. (f IT. 99 FIIOM TUE GERMAN OF ALEX V. ROBERTS. fTho original of this translation, by Mrs. Rosalie (Jrtlitilor, of Albany, N. Y., is a prize story written for the Vienna AllQtmeineZeit un g. There were eoven hundred and fifty contribu tions handed in, and of these Mr. Roberts' "It" took tlio iirat prize, 3(10 florins. The judges were some of the most enlightened men of German literature Bauerufeld, Laube, Gross and several others. Returning from a business trip, I entered my wife's boudoir, and found hfr kneeling before a low-chair, on which sat a boy-baby with large, round and wondering eyes. She got up and camo rustling in her silken robe do chambre to meet me. She reached out her band and greeted me not more heartily nor yet more formally than we were accustomed to greet each other in those days. "There it is," said my wife, pointing to the child. " What ?" asked I; but she stooped down before the little stranger, held a biecuit clote to his little upturned face, and half turning toward me, replied: ' Well, you know did we not read of it in the newspaper? Don't you remem berthe day before yesterday ? And is it not beautiful ?" Now I did recollect that a few nights before she had held the GazeUe under tho light of my student-lamp, and point ing with her finger to an advertisement, said to me: "Please read that." It was the well-known appeal, the cry of de spair from a bleeding heart, addressed J " to good people." a child was offered for adoption to persons well off. "What would you think of our taking it?" my wife bad said, and I had returned the paper to her with a shrug of my shoul ders. " But, Martha, what havo you done?" cried I, in a tone vibrating with anger, "You have really " "Certainly, as you see. And then it belongs to mo; I myself have settled everything with the poor mother, who is in reality to be pitied. I have sworn to take good caieof it; and so I will in deed." She took the little bend, with its blonde silk curls, between her white hands and fondled and caressed it. "Is it not eo, little one ? you will be loved ?" But the somewhat sickly and delicate little face showed no sign of understand ing, except that out of the heart-shaped little mouth came one of those sighs that sound so strangely from children. I at once gave up all serious objec tion. Had we not been accustomed for years to act independently of each other ? Our marriage was not a happy one, although we had not married for love. During the noiso and bustle of the crowded exchange, onr fathers had contracted this union. She bad to tear her heart from a beloved one, and in mine glowed a passion not yet outspoken. But parental wishes conquered. We chose to be obedient children; and so it happened. At the commencement we were to each other a silent reproach; after which followed a declared war, until linally we came to a polite but gloomy peace. To be sure she was beautiful, 6ho was good and bright and sparkling. Others called her an ngel. And 1? Well. I believe that I was no monster either. Tho analysis showed the brightest ecl-1 oi s, still the sun was missiDg. We were six years married and had no children. Perhaps had heaven sent us them well, this child belonged entirely to her 1 I heard later that she had given the mother a thousand dollars, the price of a set of jewels which she sold secretly. "Why did you not tell me of it?" said I, half angrily. "Because it would have been too late if I had waited for your return to the city ; and besides I wanted to have it entirely for myself ; I want to call it my own," said she, poutingly. My horses, my dogs ; her canaries, her gold fishes that I could endure ; but that she wanted to have her child for herself alone, that was too much for me. Tho thought of it tortured me ono, two days long. On the third day, my wife having gone out in her carriage, thcro came a veiled woman and de manded entruncs. It was the mother. Like a shadow she glided into the room, and, with a hnlf-suppressed sob, begged to see her child once more. She could not part from him forever withont imprint ing one more kiss upon his checks. I opened ray safe quickly: "Here, my cod woman," said I, "take that, they have not given you enough." Hot tears full down her wan cheeks; she begged me not to judge her too harshly; she hud another child, a cripple and help less; she herself was sick and would not live much longer, and what was to be come of the children? Then she hought I myself had to iinish the 'entenee, which a violent fit of cough tiighad interrupted. "Yes," sho had '.hought, "I will sell the healthy one, in order that tho money may help the .u-ipple when I am dead and gone." No, she must not ba judged harshly; so rich ones know but little of the trials aud temptations of the poor. When my wife letnrned I gave her an account of the call I had had, adding I but I had given to the unfortunate one exactly the same amount as she had "And now," said I, "you see the child belongs to both of us." Sho bit her lip with her little white teeth. " It is all the same to me," said she after a moment's reflection, and with that she preflsed a tender kiss on the little boy's mouth. It sounded almost like a challenge. " Oar child I" I scarcely ever saw it. And the cbanges that were made in our household for his sake were made entire ly without me. Sometimes, after the most important things were decided, my consent was then asked. " We are obliged to have a nurse, I hired one, Anselm" I nodded silently " We must fit up a nursery ; that room is too warm for the child." I no.ldod silently, but I heard the eonnd of tho workmen, who were already busy in the hall What could I do better? Was it not all done for our child ? My wife and I did not talk much about the child, and when we did men tion it we used only tho name "It." But this " It" could be heard through the house at almost any time of the day. " Hush ! not so much noise ! It sleeps,! It must have its dinner. It should be taken out for a drive. It has hurt it self !" And so the whole house began to turn round our " It." This nameless neuter vexed me. " It must haveit3 own name," said I. one day. " I entirely forgot to ass the mother I mean the woman what its name is," answered my wife. ' She intended to come again. But she does not come, she is certainly sick. Now, I call it Max. Max is a pretty, short name; is it not ?" "Him," returned I, between two draughts of my cigar; ' Fritz would also ue a quite pretty name." "One cannot change the name now on ac count of the domestics," answered she, shortly; and then called out loudly: Is Max up already?" Never mind. was it not our child ! Once, though, I played my justifiable part toward our child. At dinner it was always served at a little table in an ad joining room. At such times we could hear, between the scantily-dropping phrases of our conversation its merry prattling, accompanied by the clatter ing of its spoon. My wife had no rest; there was a continual going and coming between us and him; thn soup might be too hot and he might eat too much I "Wife," said I, very quietly but very decidedly, "from to-morrow it shall eat with us at our table. It is old enough now with its two years." From that time on " It" ate with us. He sat there in his high chair like a prince, close to my wife; both opposite to me like declared enemies, as it were. The yellowish paleness of poverty had yielded to a fine aristocratic pink in his little cheeks, whioh, now becoming quite chubby, sut comfortable on the stiff folds of the napkin. It worked powerfully at its soup; and now that it bad finished, set np the spoon like a soep . terin its little round fist on the table. My Wife and I had exchanged a few words, and now again we sat silent. Apparently on account of this silence, its large eyes began to open wider and wider. They stared on me, stared at my wife, with a surprised, almor.t frightened expression, as if they had a presentiment that all was not right between us. I confess that these eyes embarrassed me, and that I had a feeling of relief when Frederick entered with a dish. And I think that my wife felt the same. And the following days there were the same large, wondering eyes, like an appealing question, staring into the pauses of onr conversation. It sounds ridiculous, but it is nevertheless true; we were culprits before the child, we two grown persons I And by degrees our conversation became more ani mated. The occasional prattlings of the little one were noticed and spoken abont; indeed sometimes there was mutual laughter at his attempts to speak. Ah ! how light, how bell-like pure sounded her laughter! Had I never then heard that before ? And what was the matter with me, that I sometimes bent over my writing desk, listening, as though I heard from a distance these same silvery tones ? With the hrBt sunny spring days "It" began to play in the garden, which I could overlook from my seat in my office. She was generally with him. I could hear the sound of his little feet on the pebbles, and then her footsteps. Now she would playfully chase him, and a chorus of twittering sparrows Would join their notes with the merry laughter. Now she would catch him and kiss his cheeks over and over. Once I opened my window; a warm, balsamio air streamed around me and a butterfly fluttered in and lit on my inkstand Just then 6he came out of a green, vine grown bower; she was dressed in a dazzling white negligee, trimmed with costly lace; all over her streamed the golden sunshine, except that her face was overshadowed by the pink of her parasol. How slim she appeared 1 how graceful in her movements I Had I been blind ? Truly the aunts and cousins were right; she was in reality beautiful I A sweet smile transformed her features; she was happy certainly in this moment she was and her happiness came from her child. Then a voice made itself heard in my breast, which said very plainly: "You are a monster ?" I got up and walked to the window. "It is a beauti f ul day," called I. I know how cold and prosaic it must have sounded to her. It came like a heavy cloud-shadow over a sunny landscape. She answered some thing that I did not understand; but the brightness was gone from her little face. Then she took up the child, who was stretching out his arms to her, and kissed and caressed him before my eyes. There it was when the first feeling of jealousy was aroused in me; a jealousy truly, but what a strange jealousy, which could not make clear to itself who was its object I If "It" said " mamma'1 to her, there came a pain in the heart; and the caresses with which she overwhelmed him almost drove me wild. I was jealous of bothl It pained me that I had no part in this weaving of love; that I was not tho third in the union. I exerted myself to gain a part of their love. I did it very clumsily. The child persevered in a certain shyness, and she had I not kept myself forcibly away from her during thso long, long years? Ono day at the dinner-table, after a skirmish of words, came a great still ness between us, a stillness more pain ful than it had ever been. I glanced down at the flowers on my plate of Saxon porcelain, my displeasure showing in my face; but I felt plainly that " It ' hud its eyes fixed on me, and also her eyes ! It was as if those four eyes burned on my forehead. Then sound ed suddenly in the stillness, " Papa I" and again louder and more courageous, " Papa I" I shuddered. " It : sat theru aud stared, now very much frightened, over at me, wondering, perhaps, whether a storm would be raised by its "Papa." But her face was suffused with glowing redness, and her half open lips trembled slightly. T here came a flood of gladness over my heart.- Certainly no one but her had taught him this " Papa." Why did I not spring up, bound toward her, and with one word, one embrace, strike out the loneliness of these last six years? One right word in this moment and all would have been well. It remained unspoken ; I seemed to have lost all power to act; but on a certain page of my ledger are still traces of the tears I shed in anger at my own stupidity. There was no doubt about it ; another spirit had stepped in with its little curly head the spirit of love; and that made me a stranger in my own house. A precious sunshine brightened the rooms, even when the one in the heavens was hidden by clouds. The face of the servants and even inanimate objects streamed back this radiance. But . me, only, the sunshine did not touch. I felt myself always more and more unhappy in my loneliness. Jealousy grew in me ; it gave me all sorts of foolish thoughts. I wanted to rebel against the little autocrat, but that would be ridiculous. I wanted to give her the choice between him and me. I, audaoious one. I knew very well which side her heart would choose. At auother time I was ready to take steps in order to find the mother, and, with the power of gold, force her to take back her child behind my wife's back. That would be cowardly. I could no longer fix my mind on business. I mistrusted even myself. People asked what was the matter with me. I feigned illness. Tho sunshine would not let itself be banished, and the spirit of love was stronger than I. With bis flaming sword he drove me out. " I must take a long journey, Martha." My voice trembled as I said this. My wife must have noticed it; for something like moist, shining pity shone in her beautiful eyes. At my taking leave she held the little one toward me and asked in soft, caressing tones: "Will you not say adieu to our child ?' I todk up the little one, perhaps too roughly; at all events, he began to cry and resist my caresses. Then I put him down and hastened away. I traveled in uncertainty through the world and behold I after the first few days in addition to an ordinary travel ing companion, bad humor, there came another fellow who told me plainly that I wai a fool. First it sounded like a whisper, then louder and louder; "You artt a downright fool." Finally, I read it in the newspaper before me; it was traced on the blue mountains; the loco motive shrieked it to me. Yes, I be lieved it; why did I not then and there turn my face homeward? Well, the fool must first travel it all off before everything would be right again. At last, one day, with a violent beat ing of the heart, I again entered my dwelling. What a solemn stillness reigned there t I could now hear the sound of whispering voices; my wife came toward me: " It is very sick, very sick," moaned she, " It will surely die 1" I tried to comfort her. Only a short time, however, proved that her fears were but too well grounded. During the night we both sat by the little bed; she there and I here. Each of us holding one of his little hands. Ahl those feverish pulse beatsl every stroke sounding like an appeal: " Love each other, love each other; be good!" We felt eventually these throbbings and we understood the appeal. Our eyes met full and earnest through the glittering tears, as in a first holy vow. Words would have seemed a sacrilege then. Not long after we laid our darling in the warm spring earth. When we again sat down at our table there was a stillness between us; but it was not the same stillness as that which the little straager had broken in upon with his parting "Papa." By the wall stood his high arm-chair, and on the little board before it lay his spoon scepter. My wife reached her fine, white hand over the table, and asked: " Did you also love it? at least a little?" Her voice trembled. "My wife 1 my sweet, my own wife I" called I. Then I fell at her feet and held her hands fast in mine. " I love thee, my wife, ob. wife 1" After the first emotion had subsided I pointed to the arm-ohair: ' 1 The little one came to teach us love," whispered 1. " And when it had finished its teach ing it went again to the angels," added she, through ber tears. One day the physician stepped out of my wife's room, with a smiling fuoe. He touched the little arm-chair as he passed it, saying: "Let it stand there; you will need it again." Really? Was it possible ? Had I de served such happiness? As I held my wife close to my heart in my irrepressible joy, I could not for bear to bend down to her blushing little face, and say: " We will love it dearly, very dearly. Is it not so?" The Opium Evil. The use of opium in the United States is increasing at an alarming rate. The amount consumed has rapid ly grown until in 1880 there was im ported 533,451 pounds of opium and 8,622 ounces of morphia. In 1876 it vras estimated that there were 200,000 opium eaters in the United States, con fined principally to the well to-do ( Usees, and it is said that the number now reaches 400,000, who spend S5,000, 000 annually. It is also estimated that upward of 6,000 Americans are opium smokers, and smoking dens are in full blast in New York. A great deal of the drug is absorbed in cigars and ci garettea. The opium is used in a liquid state, the tobacco being saturated with a solution of greater or less strength. This must generate an appetite for opium that will lead to the use of the paro article. A druggist in New York asserts that its use has greatly increased since the introduction of hypodermic injeotions. Large quantities are also used in a number cf quack rredicines, whioh thus become a prolific source cf evil. Albany, New York, consumes annually 3,000 pounds of opium and 550 ounces of morphia, four-fifths of which is said to be consumed by women. One of the most deplorable facts in con nection with the custom is the preva lence of the habit among women. There is sufficient cause for alarm, aud Ije Friends have done well to call atten tion to the impending danger, and their address will do much to form "a healthy and well informed publio opinion op the evils and extent of opium use, whicb are comparatively little understood. " To be forewarned is to bo forearmed. The evil could be successfully dealt with now, and if tho people of tho United States cm be awakened to a sense cf their danger the thing may be nipped in the .bud. If the habit is al lowed to grow it will speedily assume the form of a difficult sooial problem. Guardian, countered on the Doctor, Dr. Louis, of New Orleans, who is something of a wag, called on a colored minister, and propounded a few puzzling questions. " Why is it," said he, "that you are not able to do the miracles that the Apostles did ? They were protected against all poisons and all kinds of perils. How is it you are not protected now in the same way ?' The oolored preacher responded promptly : " Don't know about that, dc.itor. I speot I is. I' re taken a mighty sight of strong medioine from you, doctor, and I is alive yet." After a cruise of a few months in the South Pacific a French man-of-war was recently found to have Specimens of living corals growing upon her hull, The interesting discovery has thrown some light on the question of the rapid ity of growth of corals. Tho evidence tends to show that tho vessel, on pass ing a reef of the Qambier Islands, against which she rubbed, had picked up a young fungia, whioh adhered to the sheathing and grew to a diameter of nine inches and a weight of two and one-half pounds in nine weeks. Oregon a wool clip last year was 8,000,000 pounds, and this year's yield is expected to be 1,000,000 pounds greater. ARCTIC HEROES, The fortitude Displayed by De l.ona and ills Companions Loyal to the Last. The diary of Lieutenant De Long, found beside his body, extends from October 1 to October 30, 1881. It is the record of terrible suffering borne with indomitable, heroism and ending in death. There is not in literature a nobler or more pathetio story. De Long and his men died of cold and hunger. They supported life during thirty days by the adoption of every means known to shipwrecked men except cannibalism. No one seems to have thought of that horrible expedient. At first they had a little dog meat, and they managed to shoot two or three ptar migans : then they were reduced to tea made of willow twigs and to alcohol. At last they gnawed the leather of their boots and bits of deer-skin, and then, too weak to continue their march, lay down to die. They were slowly dying of starvation for fully three weeks, and in this condition had to resist as best they could the terrible cold. Through it all they never lost their courage. "All bands weak and feeble, but cheer ful," wrote De Long, when it must have been perfectly clear that nothing but a miracle could save the party from death. There is not a line in the whole diary of complaint or murmuring against God or man. It too often happens that discipline vanishes among shipwrecked men, and that the selfish desire for life leads to inhumanity, if not to actual crime. There is no such stain in the story of the crew of the Jeannette. De Long seems to have maintained his authority unquestioned to the last, and his men evidently shared his generous spirit. For days they dragged a sick comrade with them lashed to a sled, and never seem to have thought of abandoning him in order to increase their own chances of reaching a settlement. The officers and men never manifested the slightest hesitation between duty and selfishness. They clung together and helped one another loyally while living. and so long as the survivors had strength their dead comrades were given Christian burial. There was ap parently no difference in the bearing and devotion of De Long, the Ameri can, ErickBon the Dane or Ah Sam the Chinaman. Every man of the little bund was a hero, knowing how to do his duty and doing it with unflinching faith fulness. In their distress the shipwrecked men turned for help to Gd. In De Long's diary there is constant mention of religious service?. When the faith ful Alexy was dying the surgeon bap tized mm, and when all hope had gone wo are told that "all bauds united in saying the Lord's prayer and Creed." The humble, cheerful trust in God and submission to His will, of which Da Long's diary gives constant evidence, show us that it was a band of Christian heroes that perished in the Siberian snow. Bitterly as we may at first sight re gret that so many noble lives have been lost, the men of the Jeannette's crew did not die in vain. Their fate suggests that beautiful passage in the prayer book where wo thank God for those who have departed this life in His fear. DeLong and his men have made us prouder of our humanity. They have shown us to what sublime heights of heroism educated officers and ignorant seaman can alike attain. They have given an example of calm and cheerful performance of duty which is without once. They have shown us once more that faith in God can survive all suffer ing. Let us thank God for the life and death of these heroic men. It is im possible that their heroism can fail to bear its priceless and perennial fruit. lsnt let us have no more costly sacn- lioes of life in the vain search for the pole. It is idle ns well as ungenerous o blame the projectors of the JeanneMe expedition for its disastrous failure. The vessel was to follow a route hither to untried, and there wa3 ample ju3tiii- atton for testing the question whether the polo could be reached by that route. Exploration becomes unjustifiable only when it is demonstrated tbat the end sought cannot be attained in spite of every effort and saorifi :o. When the Jeannette sailed it had not been de mons! rated that the polo could' not ba reached by steeiiDg northward from Wrangell Land. Her experience has now proved that the ice barrier is as impenetrable in that direction as it is wherever else it his been attaoked. The chances that the pole can never be reached are now so lniinitesimally small that we are not justified in wasting any more lives in polar expeditions. To send out another expedition would show a reckless indifference to human life of which any nation ought to be ashamed. Let us close the record of hopeless heroism ar-d useless suffering in the frozen sea with the story of the noblest of all the Arctic heroes, George W. De Long. New York limes. Accident In a Sulphur Mine. The Gazzetta Piemonttse reports a terrible accident in one of the sulphur mines at Caltanisetta, in Sicily. The rope by whioh a wagon heavily laden with sulphur was being drawn up an incline out of the "Tumminelli" pit suddenly snapped. The wagon there upon commenced descending again, and there being no possibility of stopping it the wagon rushed at a tremendous speed to the bottom of the pit and was instantly dashed to pieces. Oiing to the high friction the brimstone burBt into flames, with the most disastrous results to the miners, who were all at work at the time. As soon as tbe fire was extinguished there were no fewer than thirteen bodies taken out of the pit, the victims having all been suffocated and burned to death. There were, in addi tion, upward of thirty miners who had received injuries, chiefly burns of a more or less serious character. W. Smallwood, of Lula, Ga., is the father of eighty living children, and as improbable as the statement appears it is vouohed for by the Athens Banner, idis age is given at eighty-six years. Queen Victoria has finished the forty fourth year of her reign. THE FARM AND HOUSEHOLD. Salt and Corn for Cows. Oows will rarely take too much salt if it is freely offered to them, but if it is given to thera very seldom and they get hungry for it they may take too much. One ounce a day is not too much, but ten ounces in one dose every tenth day would be dangerous, and it might possi bly be swallowed. It is safest to give salt regularly in stated quantities and then a cow might be safely left with a barrel full near by without risk. Dry cum is not a right food for cows. Meal may be given, but not the grain, which would bo swallowed whole and nut di gested, and indigestion produces loss of cud. Hod as a Fertilizer. An old farmer writing to an exohango says: There is no way manure can be furnished so cheaply as in sod. Sod not only enriches the land but improves it mechanically, the decay of the roots in the sod making the soil, and that, too, of the best quality. Sod manure is al ways adapted to the soil, and no test ing is necessary to know whether it will benefit the crop or not as with com mercial fertilizers. With the Rod ma nure it is all gain, both in mechanical and fertilizing effects. To get best re sults tho rotation of crops should be quick and the land got into clover and grass sod as quick as the fourth crop, so that the organio elements of the soil are not too heavily drawn upon. Water Horses Often. Says the Farmers' Magazine : Horses require water as often as do men, and should have it every five or six miles, if the weather ia warm. If the horse is very much overheated, just before coming to a watering-place, say a quar ter of a mile or so before, ''slow up" to a waiK, and when you get to where you can give the horse water he will bo cooled off considerably ; then, too, he should have his mouth sponged out and about a half bucketful of water. Noth ing refreshes a tired, jaded horse so muoh as a drink of water, and if he has it at regular intervals he will keep up over a long distance. He can do much better for a whole day and over a long journey without food than without water. If this item of watering was more carefully attended to we would hear of fewer cases of horses being overcome by the heat during the warm summer months. Sunflower Heed for Poultry. Every exhibitor of fancy poultry strives to get his fowls in good condition for the shows, and hundreds who do not exhibit at all are just as desirous of seeing the plumage of their fowl pets looking bright and glossy. Corn, oats, wheat or any other kind of grain can not always bo relied on to effect this, aud to sunflower seed belongs the credit of being able to do it. The ripened seeds of sunflowers have boon known for years by those who have used them to have properties of imparting to the plumage of adult fowls a superior gloss that no other grain will produce. A small quantity, fed occasionally during the process of molting, and again before preparing for exhibition, will necessarily uid in giving the desired glosa, as has been determined by frequent practical ex periments. There is no doubt, if fowls are fed too often on the seeds of the sunflower, and in large quantities at a time, to the exclusion of most othor kinds of food, they may causa an injury to the crop, owing to the tough or leathery nature of their covering. Some times we hear of fowls being crop-bound by eating sunflower seeds, but it is well known fowls have been crop-bound when they ate other kinds of food. Sun flower seeds are best when crushed and mixed with meal. Fowls liko this seed when they be come accustomed to it. The common snr.flnwer has been grown by well-informed fanciers annually for the pur pose of giving a bright and glossy ap pearance to the plumage cf thoir fowls. It is very easily raised on most any kind of mellow soil. It should ba planted in May, and we recommend the mammoth Russian variety to be the best, principally because it will yield a heavier crop. Poultry Monthly, 1'iirin and Garden Notes. Early cut grass makes better hav than that which is cut late. The best cure for harness wounds on horses is burnt leather. Bub the ashes on the sore and a cure is soon effected, The nearer a fattening animal ap proaches maturity the greater is the proportion of fat in the gross increase obtained. The slovenly management and waste of manure is one of the most general specimens of the ignorance or careless ness of farmers. A tiee overloaded with fruit can neither perfect the fruit nor ripen its wood properly. A great many trees are annually ruined by too much cropping, All concentrated fertilizers should be applied by broadcasting, in preference to placing them in the hill, as too large a quantity in a small area is sometimes fatal to seeds. Horses are sooial animals, particularly so in the case of young horses. They thrive best when in the society of others, hence the advantage of pasturing several in one held when practicable. For iron rust take dry cream of tartar and rub on with the finger while the cloth is wet. Hang or place whero the sun will shine directly upon it. Should the rust not come out with the first ap plication repeat. In order of earliness cf green fodder plants that have been cultivated at the experimental farms, lucerne is first, then cumfrey, red clover, rye, tares, oats, millet, rape, corn and cabbage Au average production of thirteen tons green weight and three tons dry weight was secured. Remedies for diseases of sheep are many, but few are effectual. This js owing to the fondness of sheep for com panionship. Disease once introduced into a flock spreads rapidly, and sick sheep, as a general thing, never get well. Farmers who wish to be success- ful with sheep should guard them against exposure aud contagion. Mr. B. Hurlbnt, Portland, Mich., says he knows by two years' successful ex perience that a dash of soapsuds is death to currant worms. "Try it," he tells the Fruit Recorder, "in just such strength ai will curl them in a seoond of time." He uses it very strong, and after it has served this good purpose the rains wash it down and it acts as a stimulant to the bushes. Two or three hives of bees can be kept as well ns not on every farm, and with the present progress of bee-keeping a large quantity of good extracted honey can be procured at no expense, except for starting. With movable frames and a smoker, bees are as trac table as chickens, and comb foundation can be bought and placed in the hive and the bees can go right to work. The observations of Dumas, Peyen and Bouissingault have shown the fact that a cow gives healthy milk in exact proportion to the surplus of food be yond what is necessary for her own maintenance. If the animal is kept on food barely sufficient for proper nour ishment the milk produced must be at n loss of animal tissue, with general deterioration of the milk and also of the cow. Most growers concede that three feet six inches each way is the best distance for planting corn, dropping three ker nels in a hill as nearly as possible. The argument in favor of close planting is that it admits of more thorough culti vation, allowing the cultivator to meet between the rows and stir all the ground. The Chester county mammoth and othor tall growing varieties, however, will do well if planted three feet six inches eaoh way. Ono of the most prevalent errors among average farmers is tho neglect of making and preseiving manure and also its improper application to the ground. Collect all the refuse material you can, use your chip dirt from the wood pile in absorbing liquids. Apply it to the flat lands at any time during winter. It can then be thrown on broadcast and plowed in as soon as the grour d opens. Tho necessity of return ing as much vegetable nutriment to the ground as has been taken off by the crop cannot be too strongly impressed upon the attention of our farmers. Keep nursing ewes by themselves and give scalded bran or oatmeal daily. Sugar beets or potatoes, sliced and sprinkled with a quart of middlings or bran for each ewe, will produce abun dant and rich milk. Keep lambs where they will have plenty of sunshine. When rouh, shoddy wool appears in the fleeces or tlio wool drops off in locks, the sheep are not healthy, or the food bus been too dry and heating. Stop the commeal and give some lin- seea oil-cako meal; a fow potatoes will bo useful if roots aro not to bo had. Give salt frequently aud freely. UfClpPB. Calbcannon. Make some good mashed potatoes in the usual way, to which add about one-third of the quan tity of finely chopped greens. Mix them together, season with pepper and salt and serve liko mashed potatoes. Pickled Pears. Ten pounds of pears. three pounds of light brown sugar, one quart of vinegar, one ounce of cinna mon, one ounce of cloves (ground) ; put all together and boil till the pears are tender ; skim the pears out and let the syrup boil a half an hour longer. Ox-TaijCi Sotjp. Take two tails, wash acd put into a kettle with about one gallon of cold water and a little salt. Skim off the broth. When the meat is well cooked, take out the bones an t add a li'tle onion, carrot and tomatoes. It is better made the day before using, so that the fat can be taken from the top. Add vegetables next day, and boil an hour and a half longer. Moonshine. This dessert combines a pretty appearance with palatable flavor, and is a good substitute for ice cream. Beat tin whites of six eggs in a broad plate to a very stiff froth, then add gradnally six tablespoons of powdered sngar, beating for not less than thirty minutes; then beat in about one heap ing tablespoon of preserved peaches cut in tiny bits (soft, ripe, fresh fruit is better if you can get it, or some use one cup of jelly). Set on ice until o joled. In serving, pour in each saucer some rich oream sweetened and flavored with vanilla, and on the cream place a liberal portion of the moonshine. This quantity is enough for eight persons. Household Hints. Kerosene lamps which are trimmed, daily never explode. Leaves of parsley eaten with a little vinegar will prevent the disagreeable consequences of tainted breath by onions. If jou desire to restore velvets, hold the article over a basin of boiling water, back down. It will require a long time, but the nap will surely rise. You can get a bottle or barrel of oil off uny carpet or woolen stuff by apply ing dry buckwheat plentifully and faithfully. Never put water to such a grease spot or liquid cf any kind. It is a good plan to boil onions in milk and water as it diminishes the strong taste of that vegetable. Chop them after they are boiled and put them in a stewpan with a little cream and let them stand about fifteen minutes. This gives them a fine flavor and they should be served hot. Representation in legislative bodies is much smaller ia the United States, in proportion to population, than in any of the leading countries of the world. While tho United States, with a population of 50,000,000, have only 369 Senators and members of Congtess, Genaauy with 45,000,000 has 397 dele gates; England, 34,000,000, has 658 members of parliament; France, 86, 000,000, is represented by 950 senators and representatives; Spain, 17,000,000, population, has 387 deputies ia the oortet ; and Austro-Hnngary with - 85, 000.000 people has a legislative body of 1,600 in the two houses. If the United Stales had a representation in Congress upou the tame basis as Austgo-Hungary, there would be no less than 2,286 mem bers of Congress and Senators.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers