f Henry Ju tV.sous, Jr., - Editor THURSDAY, DEO 8,1881. - Kntkbid at tkb PoaT-ornoH at BlDOWAT, PA., AS fiBCOXD CLA.3 af Alb KATTKB. The annual revenue of the United States from applejack alona Is la the neighborhood of 150,000 a year, and about two-thirds of that cornea from Braaet count;, New Jersey. Of 2S4 sample of victual lately analysed by the Berlin authorities, Xorty-fonr proved adulterated. Green tea was mle-l with flowers of hay, cocoa with potato and corn flour. There will be more rigorous penalties. A son of the late Rev. Dr. Nebe- mla'i Adams, of Boston, a highly orthodox divine, has become a speaker and write; against Christianity. On the other hand, It Is said that one of Col. Ingersoll's daughters is a convert to Presbyteriaulsm. The Cincinnati Commercial hopes President Arthnr will call the ntten ticn of Congress to the necessity of legislation that will protect the public forests and provide for the increase ot forest area. And farmers should be Urged to preserve a portion of their forests and to plant forest trees if they have none. Illinois was admitted Into the Union as a State sixty-throe years ago last Saturday, It now ranks fourth in population, and has the fourth city, and is on the top wave of material prosperity, with a proportionate in crease in wealth unsurpassed by that of any other State east of the Mississ ippi- Postmaster General James soys: "What is needed in the south to per fect the fast mail service is about twenty-live thousaud dollars more per annum. The six thousand dollars Baved at Atlanta, is nearly one-fourth of the amount, and I want to see if there is any plan to save the balance. If there is not then Congress should make up the deficiency." State Senator Isaac Hereter died at his residence near Gettysburg on the night of Dec. 1st of pneumonia. He was born in Adams county, this state, in 1827; was a farmer by occupa- tion and represented Adams county in the lower house of the legislature in 1870 and 1801. He was elected to the State Senate in November, 1878, from the Thirty-second district composed of the counties of Adams and Cumber land. Isaac C. Royce, of Alliston, On tario, deserted the girl who had been his affianced wife seven years, and was about to marry auother. His first love went into the store where he was employed, talked pleasantly about his change of sweethearts, declared that she bore him no enmity, and laugh ingly invited him, in token of good will, to eat some of the lozengers which she held in her hand. He com plied, and thereby swallowed an almost fatal dose of strychine. Frankibrd, Ky., Dec. 1. A iolnt caucus of the Democrats of .the Senate and House was held to-night, to nom inate a candidate for United States Senator, to succeed the Hon. James BV Beck. There were 97 members present. Senator Beck's name was the only one presented. After two or throe speeches eulogizing him, he received- tuo unanimous vote of the caucus. He was notified of its action, and made a Bpeech of thanks. The action of the caucus makes his elec tion a mere formality. A' traveller bought an excursion tloket from Washington to Toledo, and owing to detention of trains, for which he was not responsible, its limit of time expired while lie was still- oa the way. The conductor of the terminal road demanded regular fare, and put him off the train when he refused to pay. Ho sued the com pany whose agent sold him the ticket, on the ground that the contract was made with that official for the entire Journey, and the jury, on the direc tion of the Court, gave him a verdict f $500. A Marriage and a Death Notice. New York Sun, Nov. 27. The funeral of Walter H. Backus took place yesterday from the resi dence of his mother, 227 Warren street, Jersey City. Notice of his death was published on Friday. In the same paper appeared the an nouneeraent of his marriage to Miss Hortense I. Creede, of 628 Jersey avenue. Mr. Backus died suddenly in Altoona, Pa., on Tuesday, from erysipelas, the result of a cold. He was traveling for a tobacco bouse. He had known Miss Creede for many years, and was to have been married during the later part of October. Ow ing to the illness of the lady's gmnd mother he.- relatives decided that the wedding should be postponed. The Invalid died on November 1 and was buried on the following day. On the 3d Backus and Miss Cretde, accom pan led by the letter's cousin and a mutual friend, came to this city and were married by the Rev. Dr. Hough ton, of the Little Church Around the Corner.. Tbey resolved to keep the marriage a secret until after the Christ mas holidays, when they intended to announce it and give a reception. The groom was to take bis bride with hlrn en his business tour for a wedding trip. A week later he left the city, to be- gone six weeks. He caught cold in his eye in Altoona, which turned Into erysipelas an4 caused his death. Largrt Tannery In the World. TBS GREAT ESTABLISHMENT OF HOTT BROTHBR8 NOW TBElNO ERECTED ON SiBB'g CREEK EXTENT .OF, TBJC BUILDINGS. - The Wellsboro AgUator says: Messrs. Hoyt Brothers, who are building the Woodland tannery In Morris, are the heaviest tanners in the TJnUed States. They own and oper ate flvo other good oized tanneries in this state, besides as many more In New York. While many other estab lishments tan hides tpon commission, this flrrrf buy all their hides and sell their Own leather. The firm consists of Messrs. Oliver Hoyt aud William Hoyt, who reside at Stamford, Ct.,and Mr. Mark Hoyt, of Brooklyn, N. Y. But little more than six months ago the site of the now tannery on Babb'a creek was as wild and barren as can be imagined. Only two or three houses were to be seen in the narrow valley at that point, and the denizens of Mor ris were almost without hope regard ing the opening up of the wilderness by the march of improvement This was the condition of affairs when Messrs. Hoyt Brothers came here and bought land and made contracts for all the hemlock bark on about 40,000 acres of land belonging to other parties, and decided to erect the largest tannery in the world on Babb's creek, about a mile below the 'old hotel famillary known as "Babb's." Durlntr the past summer the build ings have been constructed. The saw mill, the boiler house, engine rooms, leach houses, beam house, sweat pit, bark mills, the company's store and over eighty dwellings houses are now complete, and the large dry house will soon be finished. OTHER BUILDINGS. The boiler house is a beautiful spec! men of masonary. Ten 82-foot cylin drical boilers, without flues, are set over 24 arches, which form the fire pots. A sufficient draft is gained to consume the wet bark, which is used for fuel, by a brick stack 120 feet in height. From these boilers the steam is carried to the three engines in the adjacent buildings the beam house, bark mills aud dry house. . There are six bark mills, which grind 100 cords of bark a day. As the ground bark comes from the mills It is floated in hot water, which is heated by the exhaust steam, through a large trough to the leaches. It takes 900 gallons of water a miuute to carry the bark in this manner. There are forty leaches, each holding from ten to twelve cords of bark. The process of leaching occupies from four to five days. Then the liquor is drawn off and the spent bark is shoveled out of the leach vat Into another trough, In which runs an endless chain carrying cross pieces or scrapers about three feet apart. By this means the refuse bark is carried to the boiler rooms and dumped, ready to be fed into the furn ace pits as fuel. All the water aud liquors are handled by the aid of nine large rotary pumps,. each one of which has a capacity of raising 300 gallons a minute. In the beam house there are 1,200 vats in which there are now upward of 30,000 sides in the various stages of tanning. Fifty men are employed in this building in working on the beams and attending the vats. The sweat rooms are part of the same structure, and are heated by steam pipes. About 8,000 sides are contained in the fourteen rooms. The process of sweating is now commonly used in all large tanneries, and it is the quickest mode of loosening fhe hair. The new hide after being softened with water, is subjected to the high temperature of the sweat room, where putrefaction to a certain extent is allowed to take place. This loosenes the hair suffici ently for the operations of the work men at the beams. HIDES AND BARK. The dry house, which is not yet complete, is a two-story building 1,000 feet in length. It will hold 40,000 bides, besides affording room for twelve large rollers and other work of finishing the leather for market. The operation of tauuiug leather now takes about four months from the time the hard, dry, rusty hide is put in until it comes out a finished piece of sole leather. Oueyearwasoncethought to be little enough time in which leather could be properly made. Then the period was reduced to six months, and of late years the tanners have concluded that three stocks can be turned out in a year. Some people claim that the leather is not so good because of its rapid handling; but how that may be we leave others to decide, None but foreign hides are tanned at Woodland, and they are mostly brought from South America. These skins are chiefly noticeable for the short and thin coat of hair, which pobably facilitates the rapid tanning. It is said that good hemlock lands will average about ten cords of bark to the acre. Takiug this for a basis the new tannery is assured of over 500,000 , cords of bark, or enough to keep the establishment running at its full capa city for about twenty years. Messrs. Hoyt Brothers have contracted the bark on 80,000 acres of land belonging to the Blossburg coal company, and as much of their lands lie along the route of the new railroad, the work of get ting the bark in will be comparatively easy. NOTES. The new railroad will be finished from Arnot to the tannery early next spring. The main track will pass through the stock house, and the raw hides will be unloaded from either side of the cars Into the store rooms. Upon a switch the bark which is brought in by the new road will be unloaded at the bark mill. A serpen tine track will be laid among the bark piles in the yard, and the work of get ting the bark to the mills will be made comparatiuely easy by using truck ears drawn by horses. - A well has just been drilled at the new tannery something over 200 feet in- depth, and its capacity seems to be ample for the supply of the establish ment. The water la raised by a large steam pump. Over two hundred workmen are em ployed In and about the new tannery. -. "Subj In Exile. An extract from Ndiby'i letter In the Toledo Cork, Ireland, $ept. , 1881. . To write of Ireland and Irish affairs is simply to put upon record grinding oppression on the one hand, and pas sive submission, with occasional flashes of resistance, on the other. It Is a h'story In each case of one family receiving land from a king which the king never owned, and leasing it to the real owners, tor a, moderate rent to begin with, and Increasing the rent mercilessly as the dfeposessed 'oWner, now tenant, made it valuable by the labor of his own hands. . A SAMPLE BRICK. To know something of what land lordism really is, and how it all came about, read the following little history of the Barony of Farney: In 1606 Lord Essex, who had "ob tained'' a grant of the Barony of Far ney, leased it to Evar McMahon at a yearly rent of '250. And this was doubtless a mighty comfortable rent, for understand, under crown grants the grantee was only charged for arable laud, the bog and mountain laud adjacent, then esteemed worth' less, being thrown in. McMahon sublet it to poorer men, and they so improved it that fourteen years later the same land was let for 1,600, and in 1C36 thirty-eight ten ants were compelled to pay a rental of 2,023. Under the strong hands of the orig inal owners, the robbed peasantry, who found themselves tenants on their own lands, this piece of property was mounting up in value very rap- Idly. The Earl of Essex died In 1686, A. D. "His" estate went to his sisters. There is lu English families always somebody to inherit, and in case there should not be the Crown steps in aud takes it, that the proceeds of the rob bery may not go out of the race. The two sisters married and bad children, of course, aud in 1690, when the two came together to divide their plunder, it was found that the rentals had risen to 2,626. Then the rentals began to be put up so as to produce something like. The two daughters had children to be educated and provided for, marriages were getting to be common in the family, and the debts of the young sters had to be paid. And so in . 1769 this estate, which started so modestly at 260, yielded 8,000. How? Easily enough. The land in this stolen estate, as I said, was nine-tenths of it, bog and stone, and only the arable laud, some 2,600 acres, was set dowu in the lease, all the bog and mountains adjacent, for miles around, being thrown in. By judi ciously evicting the tenants from the arable land and converting it into cattle and sheep walks, and compell ing the tenants to go upon the bog and stone land, which they were com pelled to reclaim and drain, the origi nal 2,600 acres of arable land silently grew iuto 24,600 acres, and 57 families bad multiplied to a population of 23,- 8001 Can there be any way of making a great estate so delightful as this? ' It is a pleasant thing to have a Govern ment steal laud and give it to you and then protect you with bayonets while you are compelling the original owners to improve it for you. Bear in mind this fact. The plun derers never put a penny upon this land. They never dug a ditch, dug out a stoneor cut a square foot of bog The cabins the tenantry lived in they built themselves, and every improve ment, great and small, they made themselves. And this process of swindling, rob bing,confisication, spoliation aud plun der went on until this estate which commenced at 260, 1606, now yields the enormous revenue of 60,000, or (300,000 per annum! Which is to say the laborers on this estate have been yearly robbed of their labor, and starved and frozen, that one family in England may live in wasteful luxury. This is all there is of it. ANOTHER INSTANCE OF ROBBERY. About the same time that Essex got his grant of 42,000 acres (exclusive of bog and waste) from the plunder of the Earl of Desmond's estates. There lived in London at the time a young lawyer named Boyle, who was prob ably the worst man then living. He had been a horse thief, a forger, and murder had been charged to him Raleigh was in prison and wanted money, and Boyle offered him 1,500 for his grant, which Raleigh accepted Boyle paid him 500 on account, and promptly swindled him out of the balance. . Boyle being serviceable to the Court, (such men always are), was created Earl of Cork, and got from James I patents for his plunder. Then he pro ceeded to marry bis children into no ble English families, the Duke of Devon hi re being one of his descend ants. One small portion of this estate now yields His Grace an annual in come of 30,000, being only a part of the land for which his ancestor, the horse-thief, forger and murderer paid 500. His Grace, the Duke, is not content with the land. Under some clause in the patent by the pedantic James to the criminal Boyle, he claims the right to the fisheries in the Black water, and the Irish Appellate Court, an English landlord's institution, as are all the courts, sustain the claim and be levies tribute upon every fish drawn from the waters. If it were very certain that there is no hereafter, and if a man bad no more heart than an exploded bomb shell, it would be a very good thing to be Sv-Duke, with a forger and horse- thief for an ancestor. The Duke was very Judicious in "the selectidn of ft father. .. , , THE FAMINE YEAR. In 1846 the famine struck Ireland. Now, a loss of a crop in any other country of the world is not so serious a matter, for there is always the accu mulations of prevlousprosperous years to fallback upon. It Is simply an in convenience, and that is all. But in Ireland it is quite another thing, for there are no accumulations. The landlord keeps the, tenant down to his two meats of potatoes per day, and when the'crop falkvjt is simply starvation bf'Tivlngf tfpbii, ;charity. And the charity Ireland has to depend upon from. England, where the pro ceeds of the labor o'f the country goes, may be judged from the fact that Vic toria, Queen and Empress of more force and. fraud than any royal nuis ance who. ever wore a crown, sub scribed to the last Irish famine fund, exactly 1001 or In American money $481! Just think of that! (481 for 6,000,000 starving people! A Queen with enormous estates, with a revenue a thousand times more than she could possibly spend were she not the most penurious of women, with an estate and an enormous appropriation for every child she bore; which gave her a premium for breeding. By the way, with true English thrift, she made the most of her opportunities in this direction. . America has given more to Ireland in her famine seasons than all Eng land, and mauy.a merchant in this country has sent ten times the amount to the starving 'Irish than has the Queen who assists in robbing them, and shares in the plunder. From the first ofJauuary to the mid die of April, 1847, the numberof deaths in the Cork work-house was 2,130 all from starvation, aud Cork is only one of many Cities nnd country dis tricts with work-houses. In Cork alone there were 5,000 homeless people from the country beg ging for something to eat, any thing. They filled their stomachs with cabbage . leaves, turnip-tops, everything, and when this was not attainable they crawled to the work house to die. EVICTIONS AND CONSOLIDATIONS. The English landlord found after a while that sheep and cattle raising was more profitable than diversified farming, and with that calm, sublime disregard for the rights of the people which is chnracteriHtio of the ruling classes in England, eviction became fashionable. The policy pretty much all over Ireland was to clean out the population and consolidate a thousand small farms into one large one. Between the years 1841 and 1861 twenty years, there were destroyed in Ireland 270.0(H) cabins, representing a population of 1,300,000, all driven to the work-house, to exile or death. The process was a very simple one A process of eviction was served, the tenant and his family would be pitched out iuto the roud,. and the cottage be leveled to the grouud. This was originally done with crowbars, but crowbars were too slow. A mechani cal genius, who was a landlord and had a great deal of eviction to do, in vented a macniue to facilitate the pro cess. It was an elaborate arrangement of ropes, and pulleys, and iron dogs. aud all that sort of thing, which could be run up beside a cabin aud tear the miserable structure down in a few minutes aud save a greut deal in the way of labor. . This is the only labor saving machine Irish landlordism has ever produced. MONEY FROM AMERICA. - In my last I mentioned the fact that America was paying the rent to the English landlords. Between the years of 1849 aud 18(14, the Irish In America sent to their friends in Ire land the enormous som of 13,000,000, or, in American money, cos.noo.nuo! This, however, is what was sent in drafts. Probably there was as much more sent in money and other ways that cannot be traced. With a fair system of governing the lands Irelund would be self sup porting, and this enormous drain upon the resources of America would be checked. If it all went to the relief of the people for whom it was de signed; I should not so much care, but, when a landlord's pimp discovers that a tenant is receiving American letters he immediately goes to the postoffice and bank and ascertains how much he or she is receiving, and the rent is raised to just to that amount. So you see all the money sent by the Irish in America to the Irish in Ireland is absorbed by the landlords, whose; yachts and castles, and town-houses aud mistresses and gambling tables are so frightfully ex- Eensive. America has contributed undreds of millions of dollars to the support of these excrescencies, these miners and sappers of industry. Get oat Doors. The close confinement of all factory work, give the operatives pallid faces, poor appetite, languid, miserable feel ing, poor blood, Inactive liver, kidneys aud urinary troubles, and all the physicians and medicine In the world caunot help them unless they get out of doors or use Hop Bitters, the purest and best remedy, especially for such cases, having abundance of health, sunshine and rosy cheeks in them. They cost but a trifle. ee another column. ChrMlan Recorder, Christmas cards! Christmas cards!! Christmas cards!!! fifty different styles and prices. The largest display ever seen In Ridgway at The Advocate office. The Philadelphia Weekly Presa. By a favorable arrangement with the publishers of The Preu we are en abled to send The Philadelphia Week ly iYe and The Advocate for ODe year for (2.60, all postage paid. EST RAY. Came to the premises of P. W Hays, in Fox Township, Elk Co. Pa on or about the 4th day of October 881, a black cow mixed with white and supposed to be about 12 years old. The owner is requested to come fotward and prove property, or she will be dis posed of according to law. P. W. Hays. Kersey, Nov. 0, 1881. If 1 STOVE SIGN No. 42 Main St. A FULL LINE BUILD ERS' HARDWARE, STOVES AND House-Furnishing GOODS At POPULAR PRICES. W. S. Service, Ag't. CHRISTMAS CARD S. SCHOOL CA11DS. SCRAP PICTURES. Autograph AL BUMS AT T HE ADVOCATE OFFICE. The Grand Central Powell 4 Klines are Headquarters for Blankets, Bed Comfortres, Cotton Balls, Shirt ing aud Prints, the best five centprint in town. No one can be healthy with a torpid liver and constipation. Take Manalin. Peruna is a wonder In itself. It cures the most hopeless eases of con sumption. THE ELK. CO. ADVOCATE DEVOTED TO THE INTEREST OF THE PEOPLE OF ELK COUNTY. Having an extended circulation it is the best advertising medium. THE OLDEST PAPER IN THE COUNTY. ESTABLISHED in 1S50, TERMS, m m $2 A YEAR. :o:- JOB DEPARTMENT. We print Note-heads, Bill-heads, Letter-heads. Envelopes, Cards, Tags. Cheaper than the cheapest, and on shortest notice. Orders by maift promply attended to. Address, Henri A. Parsons, Jr. Ridgway - Pa. The Sun NEW YORK, 1882. The Sim for 1882 will make its flff - eenth annual revolution under the - present management, shining, as ' always, for all big and little, mean and gracious, contented and unhappy, Rep ublican and Democratic, depraved and vituous, intelligent and obtuse. Thb Sun's light is for mankind and womankind of every sort; but its genial warmth is for the good, while it pours . -hot discomfort on the blistering backs .' bf the persistently wicked. . The Sun of 1808 was a newspaper of . v a new kind. It discarded many of the forms, and a multitude of the super fluous words and phrases of ancient ... journalism. It undertook to report in a fresh, succinct, unconventional way all the news of the world, omitting no event of human Interest, and commen ting upon affairs with the fearlessness ' of absolute independence. The suc cess of this experiment was the success of The Sun, It effected a permanent change in the style of American news papers. Every important journal est ablished in this country in the dozen years past has been modelled after The Sun. Everyv important journal already existing has been modified and bettered by the force of The Sun's example. The Sun of 1882 will be the same outspoken, truthtelling, and interest- ' ing newspaper. By a liberal use of the means which an abundant prosperity affords, we shall make it better than ever before. We shall print all the news, putting it into readable shape, and measuring its importance, not by the traditional yardstick, but by its real interest to the people. Distance from Printing House Square is not the first consideration with The Sun. Whenever anything happeus worth reporting we get the particulars, whether it happeus in Brooklyn or in Bokhara. In politics we have decided opinions; and are accustomed to express them in - language that can be understood. We say what we think about men and events. That habit is the only secret of The Sun's political course. The Weekly Sun gathers into eight pages the best matter of the seven dully issues. An Agricultural Department of of unequalled merii, full market reports, and a liberal propor tion of litarary, scientific, and domestic , intelligence complete The Weekly Sun, and make it the best newspaper for the farmer's household that was ever printed. Who does not read and like Tub Sunday Sun, each numher of which is a Golconda of interesting literature, with the best poetry of the day, prose every line worth reading, news, humor matter enough to fill a good sized book, and infinitely more varied and en tertauiug than any book, big or lit tle? If our idea of what a newspaper should be pleases you, send for The Sun. Our terms are as follows: For the daily Sun, a four page sheet of twenty-eight columns, the price by mail, post paid, is 65 cents a month, or $6.60 a year; or.includlng the Sunday paper, an eight-page sheet of fifty-six columns, the price is Co cents per month, or, $7.70 a year, postage paid. The Sunday edition of The Sun Is " also furnished separately at $1.20 a year, postage paid. The price of the Weekly Sun, eight pags, fifty-six columns, is $1 a year, postage paid. For clubs of ten sending $10 we will send an extra copy free. Address I. W. ENGLAND, Publisher of The Sun, New York City. HAlfjj w - HAIR TrENEWEr Bm been la const use by the publl for over twenty y and U the best preparation erer lnrente4 for RESTOR ING OKAY HAIR TO ITS YOUTHFUL COLOR AND The State Assajer anil Chemist of Mas and leading endorse and it as a great triumph in medi cine. LIFE. It supplies the natural food and color to the hair glands without staining turn akin. It will increase and thicken the growth of the hair, prevent Ita blanchfog and falling off, and thus AVERT BALDNESS. It cures Itching, Erup tions and Dandruff. As HAIR DRESSING It Is very desirable, giving the hair a liken softness which all admire. It keeps the head dean, sweet and healthy. WHISKERS will change the beard to a BROWN or BLACK at discretion. Being la one preparation it Is easily applied, and produeea a permanent color that will not wash off. PREPARED VI R. P. HALL & CO., NASHUA, N.H. Sold bir til Osalsra I Msdickis. Marble and slate mantles fur nished and set by W. S. Service, Agt. Note paper and envelopes at the Advocate office. HI mm 1 1 k
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers