iiiiii V N 1 : HENRY A. PARSONS, Jr., Editor and Publisher. NIL DESPERANDTJM. Two Pollar8 Per Annum. VOL. VIII. , RIDGWAY, ELK COUNTY, PA., THUESDAY, DECEMBER 5, 1878. NO. 42. 'J i Borrroboola Ghn. A stranger preached last Sunday, And crowds of people came To bear a two hours' sermon - With ft barbarous sounding name. 'Twas all about some heathen Thousands of miles afar, Who lived in a land of darkness, Called Borrroboola Oha. 8o well their wants he piotured That when the plate was passed Each listener felt his pocket, And goodly sums were cast; For all must lend a Bhoulder To push the rolling car That carried light and comfort To Borrroboola Oha. That night their wants and sorrows Lay heavy on my soul, And in deep meditation I took my morning stroll; Till something canght my mantle With eager grasp and wild, And looking down with wonder I saw a litUe.child. A pale and puny creature Iff dirt and rags forlorn; What could she want, I questioned, Impatient to be gone. With trembling voice she answered, " We live just down the street, And mamma she's a-dyin', And we've nothing left to eat.' Down in a wretched basement, With mold upon the walls, Through whose balf-bnried windows God s snnshine never falls; Where cold, and want, and hunger Crouched near her as she lay, I found a fellow-creature Gasping her life away. A chair, a broken table, A bed of dirty straw, A hearth all dark and firdi is But the Be I scarcely saw, For the mournful sight before me, The sad and siokening show On, never had I pictured A scene so full of woe The famished and the naked, The babes that pine for bread, The squalid group that huddled Around the dying bed; All this distress and sorrow Bhould be in lands afar; Was I suddenly transplanted To Borrroboola Gba? Ah, no I the poor and wretched - Were close beside my door, '".3W And I bad passed them heedless A thousand times before. Alas for the cold and hungry That met me every day, While all my tears were given To the suffering far away. Tboro'a work miuugll ftir CbnaUan In distant lands, we know; Our Lord commands his servants Through all the world to go. Not only to the heathen; This wss hiB charge to them " Go preach the word, beginning First at Jerusalem." Oh, Christian, God has promised Whoe'er to thee has given A cup of pure cold water Shall find reward in heaven. Would you secure the blessing, You need not seek it far; Go, find in yonder hovel A Borrroboola Gha. Jb ligious Utrabl. THE TWO ROBERTS. Singing softly to himself, Robert Ed bury rode " over dale and over down " in the sweet stillness of the July night. Hardly a breath of air was stirring in the breaches of the trees. Now and then au invisible night bird piped a solitary note to keep him company, and soft waves of light streamed over the hills as the queeuly moon, well attended by her guards, rode indolently down the broad highway of heaven. The blue dome, looking soft as velvet, was, like the fabled path of love, strewn thickly with the golden kisses of the stars. As he gained the last hill, whose summit gazed on the little watering- Elace which was for a few weeks to be is destination, he iuvoluntarily drew rein and sat silent a moment, enjoying the moonlight scene. On bis left an old-fashioned brick house reared its twisted chimneys aloft. So close was he to it that its sharp gables seemed to cut the air over his head, and only a strip of green lawn, bordered by horse chestnut trees, separated him from the windows, gleaming in the moonlight, " Reenter and crown I'd fling thorn down, If I rcigbt"- Robert Edbury hushed his song when he perceived, for the first time, his very closo proximity to the house and tbo windows. " The substantial homo of some sub stantial farmer," he said to himself. " I had better move ou, or his daughters miy thiuk I am serenading them." Too late 1 Just then a window was opened softly overhead, and a lndy's face appeared at it. Iu the rush of bright moonlight Robert caught Bight of the long ripple of gold-gleaming hair, and was sure that the face was lovely. At any rate, the voice was. " Robert, dear, is it you t" For half a minute Robert EJbury was mute with surprise, and made no answer. " It is you, Robert. Why don't you speak?" He spoke, then, low, and with hesita tion. " How do you kuow it was I ?" "Of course I kuew it was you." There was a flash of petulance in the sweet voice now. " Who else but you could ba riding and singing in that ab surd wny at this hour of the night, and halting before the house ? Have you a cold, Robert ? Your voice sounds dif ferent from what it usnally doe.." "Perhaps it is the night air," answer ed Robert, wickedly, and getting his wits partially together. "Or I may have cracked it with singiug." But still be spoke iu the most subdued of tones " I did not expect the pleasure of speak ing with yon." "The very idea of your coming up on horseback ut this night hour! You know yon ought not to be out. Why did you do it ? Where are you going T IntoSpafleld?" " To be sure." i " But what for?" " To see a friend." "Who is it?" camo the quick re sponse. " Hot not meny uameron rw with a shade of jealousy in the tone now. " Are the Uamerons receiving this evening ?" " Not that I know of," returned Rob ert Edbnry, promptly. " I swear to you I was not going to see Nelly Cam eron. I have not spoken with a single young lady to-day, except yourself." " Poor Robert I" and a little laugh rippled lightly on the air. " But do go. You know what your health is, and that you have no business to be riding at this time of night. Ton ought to take better care of yourself. Tou will be laid up to-morrow ; your voice already sounds strange and altered. Good night." " One moment," cried Atobert t,aovay. earnestly, as he leaped from his horse, fastened the bridle to the gate, and stepped inside beneath the window, where gleamed that mysterious, enon ant ing face. ' Won't yon give me a flow eryou can easily reach that clustering vine by your casement. Perhaps per haps I shall wish to ask yon some time to forgive me some great onense. won t you give me a flower for a token ?" How strangely you taiK. ji course I would give you a flower ; but these are only honeysuckles, and yon know we promised to give each otner notning . roses, nut stay i tne pretty voice caught itself. " I huve a bunch of vio lets on my table. Would you like them?" "Anything anything that comes from your hand 1" whispered Itobert, more sincerely than ha always spoke. The bright face disappeared a moment from the window and then returned a white hand gleamed in the moonlight. " xnere, take them, and now you must go I yaicu i hear some one stirring. Suppose it should be mamma 1 Good night, dear Robert." The window was softly closed, and in an instant after Robert was groping for the violets in the wet grass. He found them where they fell. But, as they were falling, the quick eyes of Robert EJbury had discerned something, bright as a star, falling too. The small strip of grass where he had stood was entirely n the Bbade, hidden from the light by the larce horse-chestnut trees, and he vrtiadto grope in the dark for this glitter . I intr fliinr An inafant'a aaarMi ravfialo Jv f thing. An instant's search revealed dijo be wuat he suspected a lady s bracelet. It was a slender circlet of gold, studded with crystal. The quick movement had unclasped it from her irm ; and Robert, with a smile, put it side by side with the withered bunch of violets in his pocket as he rode away. " Soepter and crown I'd fling them down." sang air. J3dbury as he roae swiftly on in the purple dusk of the trees. "Seep rer ana crown, if I had them, I'd fling them down for the one bare chance cf hearing that lovely voice once again." He was alone ; there was no one to see him ; and taking the violets out of his pocket ho kissed them tenderly. It was most absurdly silly of him do it ; but who of us does not do silly things in the heyday of our youth's morning ? Silly things that we blush'for afterward, perhaps; just as Robert Edbury blushed when putting the violets again quickly away. " Scepter and crown I'd fling them down, If I might" But his song got no further than that ; it died away in thought. Passing arm-in-arm down the crowded dancing-room of the Spa the next even ing, with his friend Norton, Robert Edbnry's quick ear was caught bya note which at once arrested his attention. He had said that he should know that divine voice again, hear it wherever or whenever he might, and he was not mis taken. A certain remonstrance lay in its tone ; not to say mischief. "But who could it have been, Robert, if it was not you ? It frightens me to think of it. It it was somebody of your height and figure. It must have been yourself, Robert." " But I tell you it was not, Jessie. I should like to know who it was." " He was a gentleman, I am sure " with a stress upon the word. " You need not he put out, Robert." Robert Edbury turned and saw close be side him, leaning on that other Robert's arm, a young girl surpassingly beautiful. Roses mingled with the bright gold of her hair, shone in the bosom of her dress, and a bunch of them was some how intertwined with the slender gold wrist-chain attached to her fan. Mr. Edbury caught his breath, as, turning her face, the girl's soft violet blue eyes rested for a moment unreoog nizingly on his. " Who is she?" he whispered eagerly to his friend. "How lovely she is I What is her name ? By heaven I I never believed in divine loveliness before : but here it is, pure and undented. What is her name?" It is Miss Ohassdaue," was the an swer, ehe and her mother live at the Grove, half a mile out of town." " A farm-house," remarked Robert. "No, it is not It looks not unlike one. They are people of property. Yes, she is very pretty. I'll introduce you if you like." m mil au hour later Robert Edbury was bending over the young lady's hand in the pretty secluded gloom of a vine wreathed window. They were as much alone as it is possible for one to be in me neart oi a busy, unheeding crowd. The first notes of a Strauss waltz were beckoning the danoers, and gay couples went laughing, hurrying by. " You are not engaged for this valse ?" said Robert eagerly. Some remembered cadence of his voioe struck the young girl's memory, and, forgetting to answer him, she looked at him doubtfully, while a rosv blush swept over her forehead. She half knew him and half did not " Will you let me look at your card ?" he pursued, as, with perfect courtesy in his voioe and manner, be took the bit of gilt and enameled pasteboard which she had tucked away amid the roses at he wrist. " I I half promised this dance to Robert,", she stammered, flinging a qnick glance over her shoulder into the swaying crowd. " Then I shall claim it," answered the other Robert, with an audacious smile. He stooped and picked up a rosebud that had fallen, and then held it triumphant ly before the flushed and startled face by his side. "See 1" he said, gayly; " I saved it from being crushed under foot. Will you not give it to me ?" But she reached out her hand impul sively. " I I never give roses to strangers," she replied, with a cold, frightened, angry air. "They are Mr. Robert Stonor b roses. Give it back to me, if yon please." " My name is Robert, too," he said, in the same gayly -tender voice, thongh his dark face changed a little at her frank confession. " My name is Robert, too, Miss Ohassdane. Therefore, may I not claim the rose?" - The soft blue eyes, filled with tears, flew up and met his. She knew him then. Frightened and ashamed, and trembling from head to foot, she rose impulsively to her feet. He took a step backward, and they stood so, facing each other a moment in the gay unheed ing crowd. " I know you now," gasped Jessie. " How dare yon speak to me again you are verv presuming, sir. I will not bear it Give me back my flower and leave me." "Nay," he said gently, but in the tone of a master, is there cause for auger ?" And in a low, reasoning, per suasive voioe he spoke to her for some moments, and the rising spirit was calm ed. In spite of herself and against her will she was becoming irresistibly at tracted to this man. " Give me this one waltz, Miss Ohass dane, and then I will give yon back your rose. It will be a fair exchange. But mind what I tell you, as sure as there is a heaven above us the day is coming when yon will offer me a rose nnasked. Come I" The old rose-red ' flush drifted over the young girl's face; his words, and more than all, his manner, impressed her as he meant they should. He stood, with proffered arm, courteously still be side her. and. though protesting inward ly with all her might that she would not dance, she gave him her band, and in another moment they were floating de liriously together to the strains of the seductive music. , When it was over, Robert led her to her seat near some friends ; her mother had not gone to the rooms that night. She looked very pale. The pretty rose color had all died out of the sweet round cheeks. " Are you faint ? " he asked anxiously, bending over her. "Are yon tired? Shall I get you some water ? " No, no I " she cried, shrinking away f rom him. ' ' I am not faint- but look at Mr. Robert Stonor. I have offended him. He is angry because I danced with you. Oh, what shall I do ? He is my cousin, and has ill-health, and he must not db excitea. Robert Edbnrv turned, and sawBnd' ing near him that other. Stobert, who threatened to k . perhaps was no mean riv;.- His ill-health was evident. One land was pressed to his side as if to still some pain there, and on his handsome blonde face, which was marked by unmistakable traces of confirmed sickness, a cloud of jealous anger rested heavily. The eyes of the two men met, and each knew the other for a rival. A half smile of scorn, as he looked, curled Robert Edbury's lips. In a case like this a man has no pity for the ail ments of another. With a gravu face, he took from his pocket the rosebud and laid it in Miss Ghassdane's lap. " Here is your rose," he said, quietly. " I restore it to you at your wish. But remember what I said ; and believe me, time will prove me to be no false prophet." Without waiting for an answer, he bowed and disappeared amid the throng of dancers, seeking her no more that night. "Is Miss Chassdane engaged to that man ? " he questioned of his friend Nor ton. " I believe there is no positive engage ment," was the reply. Mrs. Chassdane, it is said, objects to it" "On what score does she object? Money?" " Oh, no; Stonor has a small, com pact estate close by, and is well off. On the score of his uncertain health. Also, they are cousins. " "What is it that is the matter with him?" " Some complication, connected with both the lungs and the heart, which, I conclude, renders treatment difficult" " Do yon thiuk Miss Chessdane cares for him ? " " I don't think she loves him, Edbury if that's what you mean. It seems to me that she likes him more as a brother. When eligible attentions are paid to girls, they feel flattered, yon know, and respond accordingly. Nine out of ton of them understood nothing of their own feelings, and mistake friendship for love. Robert Stonor and Miss Chass dane have grown up together have been like brother and sister." Frequently they met after that. It was an unusually gay season at Spa field, and entertainments abounded ac cordingly. In the morning drinking the water, or making believe to drink it; iu the afternoon sauntering in the gar dens, or on the parade ; in the evening at the rooms, or at private parties ; two or three times did Mr. Edbury and Miss Chassdane meet, and linger together, and converse with each other. Robert Edbury's time was his own, and he staid on. He could have staid forever. The two or three weeks' sojourn he bad in tended had more than doubled itself ; for he had learned to love her passion ately ; and all the world might see it for aright he oared. She too, might see it, it she chose ; but whether she did or not, he could not tell, judging from the grave and sweet dignity with which she met and bore back his eager attentions. At length there came au evening when he was determined to put bis fate to the test ; to go on in this uncertainty was worse thin torment They had not been muoh disturbedby Robert Stonor j a paroxysm of his complaint had con. fined that gentleman to his own home. And so Robert Edbory went up to the old gabled house, before which his horse had halted that first night, and sought an interview with Miss Chassdane, She was quite alone. The long French win dow by which she sat was flung wide open, and the low red sunlight, stream ing in over her, lighted up her fair gold hair and the roses in her dress. " How beautiful she is I" he thought as he took her hand in his. "What if I should not win her after all I But I will make a hard fight for it" Jessie looked up inquiringly into his face. " Yon are very silent" she said ; and then, catching the earnest look in his eyes, she blushed violently and drew away her hand. "I love yon," he passionately broke forth in a low tremulouB tone, break ing his emotional silence. "I have come to yon this evening to risk my fate by Baying this, to win or to lose all. Jessie, you must know how I love yon ; how I have loved you all along, from that very first night that I spoke to you. neither of us knowing the other. Will yon not give me some hope of love in return ? Do not send me from yon an utterly broken and discouraged man I " Jessie was silent for a moment one long, cruel moment to Robert Edbury then the small, sweet face was turned to him with gentle dignity. He knew his doom beforehand, ere she spoke the words. "You must know how useless it was to speak to me of this," she said. " Yon knew surely, yon must have known that I was engaged to my cousin, Rob ert Stonor." " Engaged to him ? " "Yes. We are engaged." Neither spoke for a time The scent of the flowers, blooming in the lonely grounds on th's side of the house, away from the dusty and busy highway, seemed to mock them with its sweetness; the clustering shrubs and trees waved gently in the summer evening breeze. He could not speak at once; the sense of his bitter loss was too great The setting sun streamed in upon him, lighting up his distressed face. It seemed to him that the great old-fashioned clock in the hail ticked ont the jeering words: "Lost! Lost!! LoBttl!" " Engaged I" he said, at length, with a long-drawn breath. " I did not know it. But engagements, where no love is, have been broken many times before now I" "Hush I" cried Jessie. "Do not speak like that again. It would kill him I You do not know what you are saying." " Kill him !" "If he heard it, I meant He says he trusts me." " And you are sacrificing yourself for uim i for a fancy I mar tne trutn, Jessie. You care not for Mr. Stonor, except as a cousin or a brother. Ex amine your own heart, and it will tell vou that you do not You care for me. You love me, Many a half word, a half lo ii oj mst; jpi . j nuj xoa, mtr -Jflrliuar. it is Robert Edbnrv von f have learned to love, not Robert Stonor. Your blnshes, my love, are betraying it now. You " " What was that ?" shrieked Jessie. A low, smothered sound, half groan, half cry, came in from the open window. It was so full of pain that a man would not care to hear it twice in a lifetime. Before either could ruHk out Robert Stonor stood in the opening. It was a figure never to be forgotten. His handsome face was distorted with either pain or anger ; his lips trembled ; his left hand was pressed, with the old familiar gesture, upon his heart 'AFalse, false that you are !'' broke at length from his bloodless lips, as he seized Jessie with his right hand. " You told me that you did not care for Rob ert Edbnry ! You told me " A pause, a stagger ; and with a fright ful shiver he fell on the carpet Robert Eibury broke the fall partially, but he was not quick enough to quite save him from it Jessie flew from the room for assistance. " Robert Stonor here !" cried the be wildered Mrs. Ohassdane. " I thought he was confined to his chamber at home." He had been confined to his chamber; but, alas, he had crept ont of it that evening, and come up to the house to see Jessie. With the fond hope of sur prising her in the usual evening-room, he had gone round the shrubbery, in tending to enter by the window, and had heard ail. On the floor, there as he lay, bis head raised on a cushion by the k&uds of Robert Edbnry, he died. The medical men said he could not, in any case, have lived many months, it weeks, but that the agitation had killed him. It was many long days after that, when she had risen from the sick bed to which this shock of sudden death had brought her, that Robert Edbury came to say farewell to Miss Ohassdane. "The interview wm brief, studiedly brief, for, with the shadow of that dead man lyiug between them, speech was difficult to both. - i " Good-bye," she cried, reaching out to him an attenuated (hand. "I hope you may find happiness and peace I" "But we shall meet again," cried Robert, eagerly, j' Surely surely some time in the future I may come to you." " Hush !" she cried, the tears rolling piteously down her cheeks. "Yon must not speak of that. Robert's shadow would always come between us, as he fell there on the floor. We killed him ! We killed him I" and she wrung her pale bands together in strong ex citement. 1' "Stop 1" said Robert Edbury, quite sternly, You are taking an altogether mistaken view of the truth. Ask your mother; ask any one. But you are weak and ill yet, Jessie, and the time has not come for me to insist on this. Let us think of him, poor fellow, as one who must, if he had lived, have suffered much, and who has mercifully found peace' in the rest of death." He stood for a moment looking with a fond longing into the small, aweet face, from which the summer roses had fled with grudging haste. Then taking from his pocket a fragile gold and crystal circlet he held it out to her. It was the bracelet she lost that 4rst night of their meeting. ( "I found it under the window that uightwitn the violets' he said. "It ion irom your urm. will you take it VHUA UU Iff A faint lovely tinge of red flickered into her cheeks once more. " No I" she answered, looking into his dark face with tender, gentle wist f illness; " I I don't want to recall that night, or anything connected with it Yon may keep it if you like." Ho he kissed ner nana ana saia i are well. But he left a whisper behind him. " When the roses bloom again, re member me." A year went by, and no message came. The second year he said to him self, "Surely she will send for me now 1" But May and June crept by, and July came; but not one word came from Jessie Ohassdane. He was grow ing sick with a wild and helpless de spair, for he felt how worse than useless it would be to go, uncalled, when one day a letter came fluttering like a white bird to his heart: " The roses are in bloom, and there is one for yon 1" The American Reindeer. The artist, Mr. O. C. Ward, has a paper in Soribner on " Caribou-Hunting," from which we quote as follows : The animal is very compact in form, possessed of great speed and endurance, and is a very Ishmaelite in its wander ing habits ; changing, as the pest of flies draws near, from the low-lying swamps and woods where its principal article of diet, the Cladonia rangeferina, or rein deer lichen, abounds, to the highest mountain fastnesses ; then again as the cold nights give warning of the chang ing season, descending to the plains. Horns are common to both Bexes, but the horns of the bucks are seldom car ried later than the month of December, while the does carry theirs all winter, and use them to defend the,, fawns against the attacks of the bucks. Both sexes use their hoofs to clear away the snow in searching for mosses on the barrens. In their biennial migrations they form well defined tracks or paths, along whioh the herds travel in Indian file. I have often studied their habits on the extensive caribou barrens between New river and the head of Lake Utopia, in Charlotte county, New Brunswick. These barrens are about sixteen miles in extent, and marked with well-defined trails, over whioh the animals were con stantly passing and re-passing, here and there spending a day where the lichens afforded good living, then away again on their never-ending wanderings. A friend of mine, who visited New foundland on an exploring expedition, informs me that there the caribou holds almost exclusive domain over an un broken wilderness of nearly thirty thou sand square miles, in a country wonder fully adapted to his habits, and bountifully supplied with his favorite food the reindeer lichen. The caribou is possessed of much curiosity, and does not readily take alarm at whatv-.be sees. Where his haunts have been unmolested, he will uncon cernedly trot up within range of the rifle. 1 am inclined to believe that a grent deal of this apparent fearlessness is due to defective vision. If this is so, he is compensated by having a marvelous gift of scent, quite equal, if not supe rior, to that of the moose. And well for the caribou that he is thus gifted. The wolf follows the herds throughout all their wanderings. On the plains or ou the hills, where the poor caribou re tire to rear their young, he is constantly lurking near, ready to pounce on any straggler, or if in sufficient numbers to boldly attack the herd. The woodland caribou is very swift, and cunning in devices to escape his pursuers ; hiB gait is a long swinging trot, which he performs with his head erect and scut up, and there is no ani mal of the deer tribe. that affords better sport or more delicious food when cap tured. The wandering habits of the caribou make it very uncertain where one will fall in with him, even in his ac customed and well-known haunts. When once started, the chase is sure to be a long one, and its results doubtful in fact so much so that an old hunter sel dom follows up a retreating herd, but resorts to strategy and tries to head them off, or at once proceeds by the shortest way to some other barren in hopes of finding them there. The caribou is very fond of the water, is a capital swimmer, and in jumping he is more than the equal of any other deer. His adventurous disposition, no , doubt, in some degree influences the geograpmcai distribution of tne species. In the month of December. 1877, a cari bou was discovered floating out to sea on a cake of ico near Dalhousie, on the Restigouche river in New Brunswick, and was captured alive by some men who put off to him in a boat It is said that in very severe seasons large numbers of caribou cross from Labrador to Newfoundland on the ice. His admirably-constructed hoof, with its sharp, shell-like, cutting edges, enables him to cross the icy floes : when travel ing in deep snow, its lateral expansion prevents him from sinking. .. Cost of the United States Capital. Last June Congress called upon the secretary of the treasury for a tabulated statement of all money spent by the government, since its origin, in the Dia trict of Columbia. This statement has been prepared, and is full of interesting figures. The total expenditures for what may be called permanent improve ments, including original expenditures, the cost of repairs, furnishing and keep ing in order the public institutions in Washington are as follows ; Theetpttol i 117.184,691 13 ia.ioi.fuia la The pateut offloe.. The treasury department 7,062,942 42 Streets and avenues of Waehiugton.... 8,9715,204 98 Tbe state department 4,989,948 21 Loans, etc., to tbe Distriot of Columbia 4,921,299 SO benevolent Institutions 4,732,448 92 Penal institutions 4,418.829 79 Water works 4,000,822 14 Navy department (IncludiBg yard). . , . 3,899,136 04 Department of agriculture 8,174,192 73 Smithsonian Institution..... 2,303,420 86 Poatoffice department 3,124,604 89 War department 2,044,061 42 Parks and public grounds 1,826,687 83 The executive mausion and grounda , 1,649,449 99 The library of Congress 1,676,847 24 Bridges, etc., 1,290,(68 12 Tbe botanic gamen ' 722,813 88 Works of art, paintings, statuary -Corcoran gallery 602,669 18 Canals 627,418 88 Miscellaneous , 360,640 05 r'.re department (buildings, engines, c.)... 199,299 60 Courts 78,tj a? To'! 192,112,896 8 Boots are made on the Paoifio coast with pockets for pistols jn their tops. CARPETS. Where They Came From, Whs Use Them, and Hew ftlader Carpet oome from the East, says an American paper, and their manufacture dates far back into- antiquity. The Babylonians made them; they form ed a noted branch of manufacture in Turkey and Persia before they were known in England. They belong to that Oriental luxurionsness of taste whioh was the exact opposite of the Saxon. The Mohammedan who prostrates himself many times a day upon the ground found it convenient to have something on which to kneel and whioh he could easily carry with him, while a like habit of Bitting cross-legged upon the floor made the same material first a comfort, then an ornament to his house. To these nses we may probably trace the custom in all Oriental countries, copied largely by France, of having oar pets in one piece and then to only par tially cover the floor, or of the use of rugs merely before the principal pieces of furniture. It is only in America, England and Germany at the present day that carpets are universally used covering the entire floor, and where the plan of waxing floors, as in France, is almost entirely unknown. Those who have painfully walked through some of the palaces of Europe, shuffling along in felt slippers, or endeavoring to stand upright without them, realize the com forts of a well covered floor, as well as the great addition to the beauty of a well furnished house. It is somewhat singular that the Eng lish should have been so late as they were in discovering the utility of car pets, for while they did not need them for the aot of worship, the climate would naturally suggest such an addition to warmth. Yet we learn from history that as late as the reigns of Queens Mary and Elizabeth rushes were used, even in the palaces, though carpets had been imported to some extent from the East. Shakspeare occasionally refers to them, and Bacon, who was contempo rary with him, describes a reception thus : " Against the wall, in the middle of the half-pace, is a chair placed before him with a table and a carpet before it ;" from whioh it will be seen that the first carpets in use then were the same as we find in the East new. mere squares or rugs. At that day they were consid ered as luxuries, and for common daily use the English adhered as tenaciously to their straw and rushes as they do now to their roast beef and ale. Not much is known of the earliest Eastern fabrics, but as these nations change but slowly it is safe to assume that the first carpets were thin tapes tries, made by hand, as they are made at the present day. The process of fast ening tufts of woolen into a warp with the fingers was exceedingly slow and tedious, but this is of small account iu countrleH where labor la of so little value. The same process in France at the present day makes the Gobelins tapestries of immense value, so that they rarely, if ever, ccme into the market, but are reserved for royalty. Many years are sometimes occupied in pro ducing some of the more ornate pieces. Portraits and pictures of birds, animals and flowers are accurately and beauti fully reproduced, and what is more won derful is, that the artist does his work with the back of the tapestry toward him. He cau only see what he has ac complished by going round to inspect it when he stops for dinner or leaves at night ' From this tapestry has sprung un doubtedly all our modern carpets. Wheu the manufacture was taken up in England, devices were employed to mul tiply the fabrics and to cheapen them. This led to hand-loom and subsequently to machinery and the use of power. Good imitations of Turkish carpets were made at Axmmster, and were called after the name of the town. Few people have any idea of the process of manu facture. It is one of the few remaining braucb.es of Turkish industry. The methods of work in the ancient towns of Ousbak, Honla and Ghoirdofs are of the simplest aud rudest descrip tion. A vertical frame supports tro horizontal rollers about five feet apart. The warp, of any required length, con sisting of an upper and lower thread, is wonnd around the upper roller and the ends fastened to the lower one by the girls, who sit cross-legged in a row be fore the frame. Each workwoman has a certain width allotted to her, and pro ceeds to knot the tufts which form the pile in rows, using different colors to form the pattern. The tying of the tufts ana tne picking out of the various color ed wools, which hang in balls over the frame, is carried on with surprising rapidity, the pattern being worked solely from memoiy. Yet with the aid of the rude irame, a pair of shears and comb, the workers contrive to produce the most harmoniously colored and cer tainly the most durable carpets in the trade, European taste has done much to foster this manufacture, but has never been able to improve it. A live lier class of goods is produced to meet the American demand than those used by transatlantic purchasers. It would be interesting to follow the growth of this manufacture, and to de scribe the machinery by which it is pro duced, but that is impossible here. It is only fair to say, however, that no country has made more rapid strides than this branch of manufacture. More has been accomplished in one hundred years than in all the centuries preceding. Publio taste, united, to a desire to economize, has led to an im mense production of ingrains, three plys and Brussels, and this demand has stimulated the inventive genius of the weavers and artists, until, in colors, designs and quality of frbrio, there is nothing left to desire. It is a perfect mystery how goods uniting such qualities of beauty and of substantial wear can be produoed at such prioes. The ingrains can be had as low as the home-made " rag " carpet, and the Brussels as low as the ingrains were formerly, while in the latter there is hardly an end to the patterns that may be produced. The largest concern in America runs 700 looms, and emolova thousands of hands. There is a different form or manner of mechanism employed for every carpet, from the methodical East- lake to the elaborate Queen Anne. Wonderful effecta are produced, in Expectation. We rode Into the wooded way; ' Below us wide the shadows lay; We rode, and met tbe kneeling day; ( We said, "It Is too late. " The sun has dropped into the west; The monntaln holds him to her breast She holds and hushes him to rest. For us it la too late "To see the leaf take fire now, To see, and then to wondor how The glery panses on the bough, While panting grass-tops wait." When, lo ! the miraole oame on: A roadside turn a moment gone And far tbe sun low-lying shone; The forest stood in state. Transfigured spread the silent space; Tbe glamour leaped about the plaoe, And touched us, swept from face to face; We cried, " Not yet too late !" But one, who nearer drew than all, Leaned low and whispered: "Sans may fal Or flash; dearheart ! I speak and call Your soul unto its fate. " Tread bravely down life's evening slope, Before the night comes; do not grope 1 Forever shines some small, sweet hope. And God is not too late." ElizaMh Sluarl Phelpt in Earpmr't. Items of Interest. Suitable apartments for a castle in the air A brown study. Tea was used in China long before it was cultivated, several varieties of the bush growing wild. Patience is a commodity which always brings a large price, but the market is seldom overstocked. We pass our lives in regretting the past, complaining of the present, and indulging false hopes of the future. Every person has two educations, one which he receives from others, and one, more important, whioh he gives to him self. . - Every one is the poorer in proportion as be has more wants, and counts not what he has, but wishes for what he has not. The Hackensack Republican says " a good physician snatches many bodies from untimely graves, and gets paid for it, too." " Always pay as you go," said an old man to his nephew. " But, uncle, sup pose I haven't anything to pay with ?" "Then don't go." There are 777 potteries in the United States, paying annually $2,247,173 wages, and turning out products to the value of $6,045,536. By the side of the Yalle theater, in Rome, Italy, a chnrcb, built by the American Baptists at a cost of $20,000, has just been opened. In less than thirty years, 72,000 miles of railroad have been constructed in the United States. The value of property in this country has in the same period increased from $8,000,000,000 to $30, 000,000,000. A patent-medicine man posted hand bills iu every available spot iu a neigh boring village the other morning, and before night fifteen goats had enough medical information in them to run an eclectic college. That King Humbert's assassination was attempted is not so surprising when one learns that a number of Ital ian students have founded a Nobiling club, "to transmit to future genera tions the memory of great men who have consecrated themselves to the emancipation of the human race by pen or deed." " If," says the inaugural, "the members have chosen the name of the intrepid German philosopher, it is to synthesize by his name the aim of the club, whioh proposes to co-operate with all its powers to bring about the complete emancipation of man, politi cal, economio and religious." Words of Wisdom. A noble man compares and estimates himself by an idea which is higher than himself, and a mean man by one which is lower than himself, Tbe one pro duces aspiration, the other ambition. Ambition is the way in which a vulgar man aspires. An infant, a prattling child, dying in its cradle, will live again in the better thoughts of those who love it and plays its part through them in the redeeming actions of the world, though its body is burnt to ashes or drowned in the deep est sea. Dickem, Nothing at first frames such false in-, mates as au imaginative temperament. It finds the power of creation bo easy, the path it fashions so actual, that no marvel for a time hope is its own secur ity, and the fanoied world appears the true copy of the real. The family is the miniature common wealth upon whose integrity the safety of the larger commonwealth depends. It is the seed-plot of all morality. We express the noblest longings of the hu man heart when we speak of a time to come in which all mankind will be united as one family. Men, as a rule, are easily attracted by a beautiful face, but still it is an in ternal beauty of character by which a woman can exert the greatest amount of influence. A true-minded man, though at first enamored by the glare of per sonal beauty, will soon feel the hollow ness of its charm when he feels the lack of beauty in the mind. Inestimably great is the influence a sweet-minded woman may wield over those aronnd her. , . You are walking through a forest On the ground, across yonr path, lies stretched in death a mighty tree, tall ana Birong, nt mast to carry a cloud of canvas and bear unbent the strain of tempests. You put yonr foot lightly on it, ana now great your surprise when, breaking through the bark, it sinks deep into tne body ol the tree a result muoh lesa owing to the pressure of your foot .1 a i, . r i m i wail vj iue poisonous lungi ana ioui crawling insects that have attacked it core. They have left tbe outer rind un injured, but hollowed out its heart Take care yonr heart is not hollowed out and nothing left you but a crust and shell of an empty profession. Shallow rivers are commonly noisy rivers, and the dram is loud because it is hollow. V A
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers