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HENRY A. PARSONS, Jr., Editor aw) Publisher.
NIL DESPERANDUM.
Two Dollaro per jrmum.
NO. 13.
VOL. VI.
IlIDGWAY, ELK COUNTY, PA., THURSDAY, MAY 18, 187G.
She
1
AT PHILADELPHIA
Celebrating tbe Anniversary
of th,e Independence of
tho United States.
Views of the Centennial Build'njs
and Descriptions of the
Great Exposition.
THE EXHIBITION BUILDINGS
THE MAIN BUILDING.
The Main Exhibition building in located
170 feet bark from Elm avenue, and with a
(pace 300 feet in width bptween it and the
Art Galjery or Memorial Hall, on the north
side of it. The building extends east and
west 1,876 feet, and is 4f4 feet in width
There are four towers, seventy-five feet ii:
heieht, one nt each corner of the buildin:'
while to obtain a central feature of tin
buildin? as a whole, the ro'f over the cen
tral p-irt, for 181 feet square, is raised nbovi
the surrounding portion, and four towr
forty-eight feet '-quai", i isi sr 120 fut. an
introduced at tin- corner of this elevate'
roof. The n'en arc: Ground floor. 872.32
square feet, 20 02 acres; upper fl' or ii
projections, .37 3 11 square feet, .85 acres
upper floors in towers, 20,314 sqiMie f 1 1
.00 acres. Malum; a total of !),3l! (HIS squ n
feet, and the building covering 21.47 urivs
MACHINERY IIALI,.
Machinery Hall, the next notable build
in i, is located west of tbe intersection of
Belmont and Elm avenues, 542 feet from
the west front of the Main building, the
nortli front being on the same line, thus
nresenting with it a frontage of 3,824 feet
from east to west, upon the principal avenue
within the crnuic's. The main hall is 30
feet wide by 1.402 feet long, with an annex
on thesouiii side 208 feet by 210 feet; the
area of hall ami annex is 538,410 square
feet, or 12.82 acres, and including the upper
floors, it covers a space of fourteen acres
(floor space). There are two main avenuis
ninety feet wide, 1,3(10 feet long, with a cen
ter aisle and an aisle on either side. Each
nisle is sixty feet wide, the two avenues and
three aisles giving a total width of 3G0 feet
In the center of the building is a transepi
ninety feet in width, beginning thirty-six
feet from the main hall, extending 208 'feel,
is flanked on either sides by aisles sixty fei t
in wnun, anil lormsine annex tor hydraulic
iirii'iiMir. J hp promenade are fifteen net
THE MAIN EXHIBITION BUILDING.
and is locatid on an eminence 110 feet
above the level of the Schuylkill, on a ter
race six feet above the general level of the
Lansdowne plateau, which commands a
view southward over the whole city. There
is a spacious basement twelve feet in
height, and ever ull a dome; the entire
structure being in the modern Kenaissance.
The Exhibition buildings proper are five
in number, and occupy about sixty acres,
at the foot of George's hill, in the west park.
Two hundred and thirty neres have been in
c'osed for the purposes of the Exhibition.
Thirteen ornamental edifices have been
elected by the foreign commissions, to be
used as offices, parlors, etc. Thirteen States
ed the lands designated by the park com
mission for the military encampment at the
Exhibition and has ayreed to the regula
tions presribed by that body in relation
thereto. '1 h-3 grounds are situated in the
West Park, between Kidgeland and Mount
Prospect, and on both sides of Prospect
drive. Tl e rules, in substance, provide that
adult men and women amount to perhaps
14,000,000. hat proportion of these will
come to the Centennial ? Is it extravagant
to say one-seventh, or 2,000.000? If this
number come and make three visits to the
Exhibition, thev will make the receipts
$3,000,000. And then comes Canada,
Mexico, Central and couth America, and
ware i-v "tm vk-.-'--zZr&tt . 1BSS$
THE J'AHINiEX HALL.
doorwavs.
ree arcbrd
ninely-Iive lcet long,
the pavilions forty-
The entrance is by tl
I he central section is
seventv-two feet high
nye iei-1 long, sixty leet nigli ; arc-ules, each,
ninety feet long, forty feet high ; there be
ing two of the latter connecting the pavilions
with the (enter. The dome rises from the
center to a height of 130 feet, of glass and
iri n, terminating in a colossal bell, from
which Columbia rises, with protecting
bands. The hall at the main entrance is
eighty-two feet long, sixty feet wide, and
fifty-three feet high) the center hull is
eighty-three feet square, the ceiling rising
over it in a dome eighty f. e': high. The
galleries, ninety-eight feet ly eighty-eight
have put up similar structures.
This Exhibition is the largest ever held.
The following table shows the size of pre
vious exhibitions in acres and tenths :
Munich
New York ,
England. 1851
Paris. 1855
London, 1851. . . .
4.4
4.2
....18 (i
....22.1
....23 9
London. Crystal Pa'aoa. 1871 25 6
Paris, 18G7 81.
Vienna, 1871 50 5
Philadelphia (Buildings) CO, .
Area of inclosed grounds, 236 acres.
Lineal number of feet of the inclosure,
16,000.
Number of entrances, thirteen.
Dimensions of Main building, 1,876 feet
hv 404 fei t.
' Art galU rv, 210 feet bv 303 feet.
Machinery hall, X'JO fi-t by 1,4)2 feet.
Horticultural ha H, 160 feet by 350 fort.
United States Government Exhibition
buil-iing. "00 feet by 300 fed, on j and one
half ;;cis.
Ifiiee for the I'niUil States commis-ii n,
righiy feet by 33! fiel, three-quarters of sin
acre.
Avenues and walks, seven miles.
Length of horse railway.four miles.
A vrage distance between the buildings,
5".0 !'( t.
JUDGES' HALT .
in width in the avenues, twenty-five feet in
the transepts, and ten feet in the aisles; all
other walks are ten feet in width and lead to
exit doors. The columns are sixteen feet
apart, loriy-five feet high to the heel block
of the ninety feet span tresses over the
avenues. The outer walls are masonry to
the height of five feet, and above they are
composed of glazed sash between the col
umns. Eight main lines of shafting may
be introduced extending almost the entire
length of the structure ; and counter shafts
can be introduced into the aisles at anv
point. In the hydraulic annex at the soutii
end there is a waterfall thirty-five feet high
an 1 forty feet wide, to be supplied from the
tank by the pumps on exhibition.
AOHII'l'l.TURAI. HALL.
Agricultural Hall stands north of the
Horticultural building, and consists of a
nave and three transepts. ' The nave is
820 feet in length, 123. feet in width, with a
height of seventy-five feet from the flo r to
the point of the arch. The ground floor is
a parallelogram 540 feet by S20 feet, cover
ing a space of about ten acres. Near the
hall is the stock yards, etc.
1I0HTKTLTURAL HALL.
The Horticultural Hall is one of the
main features, and for the accommodation
of the lovers of nature and her works a
splendid building is constructed. The total
length, as shown on the ground plan, is 30
feet, width 100 feet, height seventv-two feet.
The central portion will be occupied by the
grand conservatory, 230 feet by eighty feel,
and between this and the outer frame will
Iks the warm and cold houses, four in num-
fcet, and thirty-five feet in height, admit
of temporary divisions for jthe more ad
vantageous display of the paintings. The
center hall and galleries form one grand
hall, 287 feet long, eighty-five feet wide,
capable of holding 8,000 persons, or twice
the dimensions of the largest hall in the
country. The pavilion rooms have two
side galleries, 210 feet long. All the gal
leries are lighted from above, the pavilions
and studios frot" side .
COST OF THE Bfll.WNfiS.
The cost of the buildin s was as follows
"lain luid:nr $ 1. 420,000
A t Gi.!w i.v.m.-m
FT.rri.Miliiusl Ituil 240,0:17
M;eVi ei-v HaH M-t 310
:r'cu t.ir-.l Hall U'6.240
A Pleasant Description
A correspondent says: The grass of the
Centennial lawns is thick and green, and
no military organization shall occupy the
grounds without ieriiiission from the gov
ernor or his authorized military officer;
before it can enter the grounds each organi
zation must acquaint the secretary of the
park commission, No. 251 South Fourth
street, withits name, locality and the names
of its officers ; no more than one. piece of
artillery shall at any one time be permitted
within the grounds, and but two salutes
one in the morning, the r'thor in the even
ing of which six hours'' previous notice
must be given to the captain of the park
guard, shall be fired; no horse shall be
stalled or fed within the grounds, nor ve
hicles of any kind be permitted to remain
within them, except during the loading or
unloading of military equipments or sup
plies; no structures, except military tent",
shall be e-ec'el within them without the
p rmi-si'iii "f the committee on superintend
ence and police; the drives or walks must
n-'t be ener,i:.elicd upon; each and ivcry
pc.-iiii encamping there shall be subject to
the park regulations; the governor is re
sponsible for restoring the grounds to the
commission in t lie same condition they were
when first used for military purposis;
notices of the regulations must at all times
be conspicuously exhibited throughout the
' grounds, and a sufficient military guard
1 must at, all times be maintained. The
license to occupy the ground lor military
purposes shall be revocable at any time,
should tho authorities deem such action
necessary for the safety of the park and the I
preservation of public peace ana conitort.
the West Indies, from which manv thou
sands of visitors will surely come. And
then the countries of Euroiie and of Asia
and even Northern Africa. It cannot be
deemed extravagant to predict that, at
least, 3,000,000 of people (including our
own citizens) will visit tiie Centennial ; and
if thev buy only two tickets each, the re
ceints will be $3,000,000. Put this estimate
is far below that made by many of our citi
zens, who have given this subject much
careful thought, and who forsee, from
pTe-n indications, a . wonderfully large
multitude here next summer, and their be
lief is shared by so many that Centennial
stock is said to'have "stiffened up "very
considerably of late. Those who hold it, in
u-me cases, we are informed, have refused t(
sell it at par, and the chances tre thatspecti
lators will soon ic iounu uuying up mi
stock. There is a feeling of pride among
Phil idelohians in resncct to rcimlmrMii
the Federal covernmnt for the conditional
r.iioroiiriation lately made of Sl.oOti.OOH
and the belief is becoming pretty geiural
tiiat the Ceutei ni d commission will be en
abled t: repay fits sum, even alter having
satisfied the steel; holders and otiteis.
Whlttier's Centennial Hymn.
Our father' Oort ! from out whose lnd
Thn onutii'ins fall like grab s of sand,
Wo me t to-dy, united, free,
Am! 1ovI to our land and Theo,I
To thnk Tlieo for the era done,
And trust Tbee for the opeiung one.
Here where of old, by Tl y do'pn,
The father spake thl word of Tlilna
Who's eobo Is the glad refrain
Of ronded bolt and falling ohnln,'
To grac our festal limo from allj
Tbe zones of ear'h our guests we cl'.
Bo with us while tbe new wor'd greets
The old world, thronging all its gtreo'p,
Unveiling all the triumphs won .
By art or toil beneath the enn;
And ntito comiron gord ordain
This rlvaluhip of band and brain.
Thou who bast here in concord fin led
The war flags of a gathered world,
Beneath our western skies fulfill
The Orient's mission of good will,
Atd, freighted with love's golden fleece,
Bend back the argonaut of pesce.
For art and labor met in truce,
For beauty made the bride of use,
We thank Tbee, while withal we crave
.The austere virtues strong to save,
The honor proof to place or gold,
Tbe mwihood never bought or sold!
Oh I makn Thon ns, through centuries long
In peace secure, and jmtice ttrong;
Around onr gift of freedom draw
The safeguards of Thy righteous law, .
And, cast in fomo divirer mold.
Let tho new cycle shame tbe o d I
The Centennial at Night.
As has been annonnced, the principal
edifices on the Centennial grounds will be
closed at six o'clock in the evening, but
thousands of promcnaders who will have,
in the course of two or three weeks' visit
ing, wenried of the displays of machinery,
pictures and curiosities from every clime,
will tlnong to the park in the cool dusk,
and will patronize the concerts and the rts-
.11 J. K1 U - 'rt;- .11' f 'e -,V.-C..
CAKPENTERS' HALL.
tan rants, and wiUstroll;in the leafy ave
nues. It will be difficult to find in the whole
country, in the months of June and Julv,
any place of resort more absolutely lovely
than this section of Fairniount park will bo
when the Exhibition is at the height of its
glory. In the various State buildings re
ceptions, balls and quiet parties will fre
quently 1 e given ; the foreign commissioners
will hold levees in their handsome quarters,
The French Woikingmen.
At a meeting of workingmen in Paris,
Louis Blanc closed an address by saying
that it was proposed to send nnchundrcd and
twenty workmen, two of each trade, to
Philadelphia. The expenses of each were
estimated at $300 ; consequently the sum of
$30,000 must be rnUcd. The municipality
of Taris lias voted one-filth of tho amount ;
the Chamber will be asked to vote $20,000;
and the remainder must be contributed by
subscriptions.
Victor Hugo closed a characteristic ad
dress to the workingmen as follows : I greet
you, you who are about to set out for Phila
delphia. You will see with your own eyes
this immense deed which the nineteenth cen
tury will see. Go, workingmen of Paris
who know how to toil ; go, workingmen of
Paris who know how to fight ; tell the new
world that the old world is growing young.
Go and bear the great news of the republic
consolidated among you. You are the em
bassadors of fraternity ; you are the envoys
of Voltaire in the country of Washington ;
you set out from the continent where Jesus
Christ was born to eo tn the land where
John Brown was born. This bringing to
gether of two republics will not be without
result. A breath of clemency will extend
THE LIBERTY BELL.
and elegant crowds will gather on the bal
conies of the "American restaurant," which
spreads its rambling balls over a large ter
ritory in a beautifully shaded nook. .These
balconies are vast, and will be a refuge to
the weary during the heat of the days.
There will be exhibitions of electric lights,
which will illuminate the statues, the
fountains, the stately dome of Mon orial
T-jtal.
53,C0i,750
Tho Centennial Grounds.
The ground selected for the site of the
Exhibition in Fairniount Park is west of
the Schuylkill river, and north of Girard
and Elm avenues, on a plateau ninety feet
above the river, heretofore known as Lans
downe. The boundaries of the Exhibition
are: South, Elm avenue, from Forty-first to
Fifty-second streets ; west, the park drive to
George's hill, with the concourse; north,
l!e!nnnt drive from George's hill to the foot
of Belmont; and cast, Lansdowne drive
from Belmont to Forty-first street. The
whole of the Exhibition being inclosed,
thirteen entrances have been established
along the boundary drive, Which it has
been suggested . might appropriately be
ber, one hundred feet bjr thirty feet. At one
end is a restaurant, eighty feet by thirty
feet ; at one of the comers is a gentlemen a
saloon, forty feet by forty feet; at tbe oppo
site corner a ladies' saloon, feriy feet by
forty feet, while on the other end and corre
sponding are the ofhees of the fall, of simi
lar dimensions.
THE ART GALLERY.
The Art Gallery, or Memorial Hall,
erected at the expense of the State of Penn
sylvania and city of Philadelphia, is located
on a line parallel with and northward of
the Main building. It is 365 feet long,
210 feet in width, fifty-nine feet in height,
ART BUILDING.
named
Stales.
in honor of the thirteen original
Economy and adaptability of the
territory have been the guiding points in
the selection of the various locations. The
main line of connection between the build
ings is straight and correct; and, for the
still greater convenience of visitors, it is
proposed to have cars running on the same.
The meadow ground between the main
avenues, reserved for private exhibition
building, will be treated in regular paik
style, with walks and planting, to unite the
whole into a handsome picture. Lakes and
' fountains, fine rare specimens of trees and
shrubs, statuary ana vates, etc., wtu ue aim
ed to the ornamentation.
the hand of the enchantress has scattcrec"
thickly over them the little pale pink and
violet flowers of the Virginia cress, and the
delicate cups of the wild anemones. In
patches of white down in the ravine, be
tween the Art Halls and the Horticultural,
the tender wild vines are beginning to show
sil ery leaflets, and, hid almost among the
gt.sscp and oh, that I should be coir
pelled to write it the dark green blades of
tiie wild onion, lie the star-shaped flowers
wliieh the ch'ldren call the Star of Bethle
hem. The maples have a glory of reddish
gieen leaves, and the white beeches of silver
green, and tho willows have no perceptible
leaves yet, but show a shimmer of emerald
green. ' All about the walks and on the pro-
jections of the two bridges the birds hop
about cheerily, and chirp as if this was
their Centennial indeed, and not ours
There are sparrows, and red breasted robins,
and finches green and yellow; and there are
some gorgeous blue birds with flame red
edgings to their wings and tails. Perhaps
the art of man has enticed them in such
numler8 to the vicinity of the Horticul
tural, and they come to steal the seeds which
Mr, Mingey has so industrously planted in
the parterres. Such would be the verdict
of a farmer, but for my. part I can only be
lieve that they come to Bwell the general
joy, and to admire the magnificent display
of hyacinths which will be in their full
bloom and glory on opening day.
THEaiNDKPrDENCE HALL.
The Centennial Receipt?
The Military in the Park.
Th governor of Pennsylvania has accept-
A Philadelphia paper says: Some persons
predict that there will be five millions of
visitors who will average at least three
ickets each. This would make the receipts
$7,500,000. It is not presumable that any
body will be satisfied with a single vi it to
the Exhibition. No one could see a tiihe
of what will Le on exhibition i.uriug oi.e
visit, and it is sale to say that it will re
quire at least five visits to go through the
show, however hastily one may glance at
the thousands of novelties to be seen.
No doubt, all who can aflbrd to do so,
will go us olten as may lie necessary to
" take it all in," and hence it would seem to
be safe to estimate that at least three tickets
will be sold to each visitor cm un average.
But how many people will come to the Ex
hibition it is impossible to foretell. Our
own city and vicinity will furnish many
thousands of ticket buyers. From the adja
cent country almost everybody will come to
the Exhibition. The neighboring counties
will pour in tens and hundreds of thousands
of pebple, and New Jersey, Delaware and
Maryland will send armies of men, women
and children. New York city and State
will be very largely represented, and so will
New England, while the great Mississippi
valley will send legions. Even the far-off
Pacitic coast will send large delegations.
From the South the attendance will not lie
so large; but even from that section the
people will come by thousands, and it is im
possible to estimate the number of )eople
that the Uuited States alone will furnish as
visitors to the Centennial. The population
of this country is at least 40,000,000 and the
Notes of the Exhibition.
A prominent newspaper publisher of
Canada gives it as his opinion that not
less than 50,000 Canadians will visit the Ex
hibition. A feature in Machinery Hall is an Ameri
can lifeboat which has experienced rough
service.
One thousand and two hundred parties
have space allotted in Agricultural Hall,
nearly half of whom have installed their
exhibits.
Count C. Liewanhaupt, the newly ap
pointed minister of Sweden and Norway to
the United States, has been appointed grand
commissioner of that government.
The committee on international regatta
have apprised Contmodore Ferguson of a
proposal of the New York boating men to
subscribe $5,000 to the regatta fund and to
present one or two of the prizes.
The Third New ork cavalry, numbering
three hundred troopers, propose galloping to
t'nt Exhibition.
. large consignment of the Ohio archaeo
logical association has arrived at the Ex
hibition. Il comprises grooved and mi
grooved ax beads of hard slate, hint, sand
stone and granite; arrow and spear beads
chipped out of Hint, moss agate, chalcedony
and jasper ; catlinite pipes, curiously fash
ioned, marine-fchell beads, grooved hoes, root
diggers, spades, rare specimens of ancient
pottery, quaint bottles, heavy sandstone
pipesa long, hollow stone tube supposed to
have been used as a telescope, and number
less other curiosities representing all that is
left of the famous mound builders.
The United States building has become
the abode of seals, sea lions, walruses, sea
elephants, black bears, caribous, musk oxen,
deer, white bears, cougars, cayotes, jaguars,
fur seals, crocodiles, grizzly bears, Kocky
mountain goats, peccaries and bufl'aloes, but
thev are all stufled, ami are trom tne jmiiiiu
soman Institution.
-M AJa i i itii m mm T"
THE WOMEN'S PAVILION.
itself in men's hearts. America imitated us
by borrowing"1 from us tbe idea of negro
emancipation; we shall imitate America
after the civil war by borrowing from it the
amnesty.
The Netherlands, Etr.
Whoever visits the Netherlands section
will behold, perhaps, the bestexecuted speci
men of the fine arts in the Main building.
It consists of a series of scenes from the
most popular works of Schiller and Goethe.
The groundwork is on glass. The moon
shining in the sky, windows reddened by in
terior illumination, gleaming expressions oi
the human countenance, light contrasted
with shade' and everything approaching the
sparkling or the brilliant are introduced
with the most striking resemiilance to nature
by means of delicate inlaying of mother-ol-p'earl,
silver, gold and other precious
substances. The whole is then covered with
glass.
in the French section a representation oi
the cave at Bethlehem, with life size plaster
figures, showing the shepherds in adoration
of tbe new-born Savior, is a recent feature.
A British exhibitor has hung up two pieces
of floor oilcloth, each about twenty by forty
feet in size.
hall and the graceful arches of tbe mam
moth conservatory. Both within the Exhi
bition inclosure, and just outside of it, there
will be numerous excellent concerts. A
huge theater is in process of construction on
the main avenue leading to the grounds.
It is not too much to say that if attractions
continue to multiply as they have lately
multiplied, evening at the Centennial will
be far more interesting to the masses than
the day. A Prussian military band is
promised, and what with Oilenbach and the
Germans, and Thomas, and some of the ex
cellent orchestras from neighboring cities,
we shall have no lack of music. In the
Jong summer afternoons excursions on the
Schnvlkill, on the romantic Wissahickon,
and to Belmont Mansion can be organized
whenever eyes and cars are weary of miles
of picturea'and statuary, or of the thunder
ous refrain of acres of machinery in
motion.
South American Curiosities.
The Chilian exhibit includes a magnifi
cent collection of precious ores nud native
wines, besides a large ouantity of ma
chinery. Some of the small South Ameri-
A City of Homes.
A feature of Philadelphia to which Mr
O'Neill, in the United States House, directed
attention, is its liberal provision of homes
for its inhabitants. He said :
"In the first place, it is a village that
contains about 143,000 or 144,000 dwelling
houses. It contains more dwelling
houses than the cities of New York, Brook
lyn and San Francisco combined.
The expenses of living in Philadelphia are
not to be compared with the expenses of liv-
Tho Old Guard.
The old thirteen States will be represented
in the military display as follows : The
Amoskeag Veterans, fioui New Hampshire
the Boston Light Infantry, from Massachu
setts; the Providence Light Infantry, from
Khode Island: tho New Haven Greys, from
Connecticut; the Old Guaid, from New
York ; the Phil Kearn y Guards, from
New Jersey; tho State Fenciblcs, from
PennsylTitiiia ; the American Billes, from
Delaware; tbe Fifth Kegiment, from Mary
land ; the Norfolk Blues, from Virginia ;
the Fayetteville Guards, from North Caro
lina; the Washington Light Infantry, from
South Carolina, and the Clinch Biilcs, from
Georgia.
The Grangers' Encampment.
The Grangers' encampment at Elm sta
tion, on the Pennsylvania railroad, is com
pleted and the buildings ready. The terms
are only tl per day for room rent and fifty
cents per meal. A branch railroad line
runs to the Centennial grounds, and a nom
inal fare is charged. The Grangers have
the preference in securing quarters, but the
general public ia accommodated on the
a,bove terms.
THE HORTICCLTTJBAL HALL.
can republics, Yiot distinct exhibitors, occupy
part of the Chilian space. Among these,
Guayaquil has sent samples of a straw hat
made from the delicate young palm leaf.
It takes several months to make one hat, as
it can ouly be worked upon at night in
order to escape the action of the sun and
heat. No seam or joint is visible, and each
hat is valued at several hundred dollars.
A French Exposition. France intends
to have an international exhibition in 1878,
and $24,000,000 have been voted already for
eliminaries.
ing in New York ; for in Philadelphia peo
ple live, and do not merely exist ; I mean
the manner of the living of the skilled me
chanic or laborer. In Philadelphia every
man Uvea in a house, ia a housekeeper, and
gives his family a chance for health and
life. In the city of New York families live
in a room or in crowded apartments, and
they do not pay the same rent for a room
that the Philadelphia man doei for a
house." . ,
In the Centennial Exhibition there are
not many things more attractive and valu
able and suggestive than what Philadelphia
herscir.offere as a cityhome. .